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Terms of Reference External End Term Evaluation

Stop Child Labour – Out of Work Programme

1. Introduction These Terms of Reference concern the End Term Evaluation of the “Out of Work and Into School” programme implemented by Stop Child Labour (SCL). The “Out of Work and Into School” programme, runs from May 2014 to April 2017 and is funded by the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The aim of the programme is to establish child labour free zones using an area-based approach in Asia, Africa and Latin-America and to mobilize Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and companies to actively address child labour in their full production and supply chains in order to contribute to the creation of child labour free zones and child labour free supply chains. The objective of this evaluation is to reflect on the results, implementation, and design of the “Out of Work” programme and to provide stakeholders with recommendations to ensure the sustainability of the results and provide recommendations for further upscaling and/or adjustment or innovation of the Stop Child Labour approach if possible and necessary.

2. Programme background

Short overview of the Stop Child Labour coalition and the ‘Out of Work’ programme Stop Child Labour (SCL) is a coalition of 6 different Dutch NGOs and Trade Unions, being: Stichting Kinderpostzegels Nederland, Mondiaal FNV, Algemene Onderwijsbond (AOb), ICCO/Kerk-in-Actie, India Committee of the Netherlands (ICN/LIW) and Hivos. The overall vision of Stop Child Labour is: “No child should work. Every child has a right to education, to play and to enjoy his or her childhood. A world without child labour is possible if everyone abides by these principles. By working together, seemingly insurmountable challenges such as poverty and inadequate or inaccessible education can be overcome.” Follow the link for the whole vision and mission document of SCL: “We want to Learn, We want to play”. In 2014, the SCL coalition was granted funding for a programme, named: “Out of Work and Into School: Joint efforts towards child labour free zones”. The funding was granted by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in March 2014 for a period of 3 years, from May 2014 to April 2017 with a total

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budget of EUR 5 million. The programme is coordinated and partly implemented by Hivos as part of the Stop Child Labour coalition. In this programme, the SCL coalition works with local partners in India, Mali, Nicaragua, Turkey, Uganda and Zimbabwe. In these countries SCL promotes the area-based approach to create child labour free zones: areas where most people are convinced that child labour should be eliminated and are prepared to take the necessary steps to get all children out of work and into school. Where possible and relevant, SCL works with CSR initiatives and companies in sectors such as in the natural stone, garment, footwear, gold, tea and coffee sector. In these sectors companies are encouraged to effectively prevent and remediate child labour (and other worker’s rights violations) in their production and supply chains and contribute to the creation of child labour free zones. See the annex for a list of all the partners and countries SCL is active under this programme. In order to support this process and achieve multiplier effects the programme also includes a Northern component of advocacy, lobby and public campaigning to mobilize policy makers, companies and consumers to be part of the solution. In the end getting children out of work and into school is aimed at contributing towards realizing children’s rights, improving the working conditions of adults and the living standard of families as well as eradicating poverty at a larger scale.

Child labour free zones

A child labour free zone is a specific area – such as one or more villages, a neighbourhood or a

plantation – where people cooperate to eliminate child labour from the community. Teachers, local

authorities, village heads, employers, parents and children in these zones work together to get

children out of work and into school. Government agencies, youth clubs, women's organisations,

parent councils, union and employer's associations organise activities such as public meetings, radio

talk shows, sports events and games and visit families to discuss the basic rights of children. Adults

learn how they can make ends meet without the income generated by their children, for instance by

participating in savings and loan groups, generating new sources of income ánd doing the work their

children did against a better wage. Over time, child labour progressively becomes less tolerated in

these communities and their attitudes shift: all children go to school and adults work. That is how it

should be.

More information? Visit www.stopchildlabour.eu/child-labour-free-zones

3. General Theory of Change

The concept of child labour free zones was been introduced by the Indian partner MV Foundation.

Over the last two decades MV Foundation demonstrated the effectiveness of adopting an area based

approach towards child labour free zones while succeeding in getting over one million children out of

work and into school. The SCL coalition has been working on basis of this experience since the start

of the campaign in 2003 and has built up a strong network with partners in child labour affected

countries who have been prepared to replicate the same approach towards child labour free zones

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in Asia, Africa and since recently Latin America. Experience has shown that the CLFZ approach can

effectively transcend cultural, political and social borders. Lessons have been learned, obstacles have

been identified as well as measures to overcome them and best practices to succeed have been

identified in varied and diverse contexts. On basis of this experience building more CLFZ in different

countries and regions can be executed more effectively.

Combining the establishment of CLFZ and prevention of child labour in the field with the

engagement of companies and CSR initiatives brings about a synergy effect aimed at improving

labour standards in the full supply chain. The supply chain approach of most companies and

initiatives to eliminate child labour is top-down and set up in a vertical manner (through the supply

chains). In the SCL programme the efforts of the companies and CSR initiatives are complemented

and strengthened by the horizontal (area) and bottom-up approach of the local partner

organisations as illustrated by figure 1 below.

Figure 1: The combination of a top down approach by the Northern campaign targeting companies’

management to develop and implement more effective policies and practices, and bottom up area based

approach of the Southern partners to create CLFZ.

The SCL partners work towards setting a new social norm in the selected production/sourcing areas

where child labour is no longer socially accepted and are building a more enabling environment for

all children to go to school. SCL partners support communities to put pressure on government to

provide good quality education to all children and support adults to raise their income when children

are no longer competing in the local labour market. Both efforts work to strengthen the

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improvement of human rights and labour standards in the full supply chain, thereby helping

companies to be more compliant and have less risk of being exposed to human rights abuses. Also

the involvement of CSR initiatives supports SCL partners in their efforts to prevent child labour in

specific sectors to become more effective resources for multinational and local companies in their

efforts to eliminate child labour in their full supply chain.

In the North, the SCL campaign mobilizes actors to support and contribute to the desired change in

the South. Policy makers, companies and consumers are targeted on the basis of the outcomes of

research, progress made and/or interest shown to combat child labour. Consumer’s pressure is

mobilized to urge companies lagging behind to improve their policies and practices to ban child

labour. Policy makers are mobilized to stimulate/force companies to ensure that their products are

child labour free. By doing so, targeted lobby and advocacy as well as exposure will be an additional

drive for companies to do what is needed to ban child labour.

The programme thus creates an effective system of double checks and balances based on the

proximity of SCL partners to the children in the field: the campaign stimulates more consumers to

demand child labour free products, more policy makers to urge companies to act against child labour

and more companies in the selected sectors to move faster towards taking measures beyond

compliance to prevent child labour in their full supply chains.

The progamme outcomes follow the key elements of the programme theory of change. Based on the

main objective of the programme being: “The area based approach aiming to establish child labour

free zones is strengthened and expanded in Asia, Africa and Latin-America while CSR initiatives and

companies are mobilized to actively address child labour in the full production and supply chain in

order to contribute to the creation of child labour free zones and child labour free supply chains.”, the

following outcomes have been formulated:

Outcome 1: SCL partner organisations, where possible and relevant with active engagement of CSR initiatives and Dutch, multinational and/or local front-runner companies, are actively preventing and remediating child labour and/or implementing an area based approach towards child labour free zones.

Outcome 2: CSR initiatives and companies in selected sectors have achieved substantial results in preventing and remediating issues of child labour (and other workers’ rights violations) in their full supply chains, with specific attention to the lower tiers and an area based approach.

Outcome 3: Targeted policy makers, consumers and companies in the Netherlands (and abroad) have been involved and act in support of the elimination of child labour and/or the creation of child labour free zones.

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4. The evaluation 4.1 Objective of the evaluation The main objectives of the evaluation are:

1) to reflect on the results, implementation, and design of the “Out of Work” programme, specifically focusing on the engagement with CSR initiatives and companies.

2) to provide recommendations for the continuation of the achieved results and sustainability of the CLFZs in the future, both in the case of additional funding, as well as in the case of no additional funding.

3) to provide recommendations on possible innovations and adjustments to the Theory of Change for more difficult contexts (i.e. context with high levels of migration, urban settings)

The intended users for the findings of this evaluation are the coalition members and local partners of the “Out of Work” programme. The findings of this evaluation can be used in at least three ways:

to improve future programmes and interventions

to account for the results of the programme to participating partner organisations and, of course, to the back donor;

to use the recommendations to ensure maximum sustainability of results and to strengthen and expand the SCL programme.

4.2 Central objects and scope of the evaluation This evaluation focuses on: A. The effectiveness of the overall programme level and the results at the level of a selected

number of partner organisations. B. The relevance of the programme’s objectives and approach in different contexts (i.e. also in

contexts with high levels of migration and urban settings) C. The efficiency of the coalition and governance & coordination structures of the programme. D. The impact of the programme both at ‘Northern’ and ‘Southern’ level E. The sustainability of the results of the programme The definitions of the evaluation criteria used in these Terms of Reference are in line with the OECD/DAC definitions for evaluation. As the impact of the area-based approach towards creating child labour free zones has been evaluated in an earlier evaluation conducted last year (“CLFZ: A Critical Review of a vision and journey”, 2014: http://www.stopchildlabour.eu/child-labour-free-zones-evaluated/)2015), the focus for this evaluation will lie more specifically on the effectiveness, relevance, impact and sustainability of the engagement with CSR initiatives and companies in specific sectors., The programme can be roughly divided into activities that take place at an international/European level (political lobby activities, engagement with international CSR initiatives and companies, Coordination SCL, coalition member engagement) and activities that take place at national/partner level (implementation of child labour free zones, network building, political lobby activities). We will refer to these different types of activities by categorising them as “Global activities” and “National activities”. Taking into account time and financial limitations, not all evaluation criteria will be

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applied at both global and national level. Of the total amount of activities carried out in Africa, Asia and Latin America, a purposeful sample will be taken (to be determined in collaboration with the Stop Child Labour Evaluation committee during the inception phase). In any case projects in India and Uganda will need to be part of the sample, a third country will be decided upon in collaboration with the evaluation team. See the table below for the scope of the evaluation per evaluation criterion. Furthermore, there is already much documentation available, so not in all cases full empirical data collection will be needed to answer the evaluation questions. The documentation that will be made available after contract signing, will include: the overall programme proposal, sub-project proposals, baseline studies, bi-annual reports of partners, annual SCL reports, M&E database, and the evaluation of Omar’s Dream programme which evaluated the CLFZ approach and its sustainability. Based on these documents, the evaluators are expected to further concretize in the inception report how they expect to use the available data at hand and on what aspects additional data collection will be needed.

4.3 Evaluation questions The evaluation will need to answer the following evaluation questions. These are to be further developed and defined in the inception phase of the evaluation in consultation with key stakeholders and the evaluator(s). A. Effectiveness:

National activities: 1) To what extent have the activities of the partner organisations led to the successful creation

of child labour free zones, and to what extent has this been done with engagement of CSR initiatives and companies?

2) To what extent have the partner organisations effectively advocated for the desired change and liaised with relevant national, regional, and international stakeholders?

3) To what extent is the CLFZ strategy applicable and effective in contexts with high levels of migration and urban settings? What are the limitations and shortcomings in these cases and how can they be overcome?

4) To what extent have gender and context specific issues such caste and migration been identified and taken up specifically by the project implementers?

Global activities 5) To what extent have activities towards CSR initiatives and companies resulted in policies and

practices against child labour and other labour rights violations in supply chains?

Evaluation criterion Data sources for National activities (sample)

Data sources for Global activities

A. Effectiveness Secondary data Primary + Secondary data

B. Relevance - Primary + Secondary data

C. Efficiency - Primary + Secondary data

D. Impact Primary + Secondary data Primary + Secondary data

E. Sustainability Primary + Secondary data Primary + Secondary data

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6) Have the advocacy and lobby activities of the programme led to increased support from policy makers and international organisations for child labour free zones as well as child labour free supply chains internationally?

7) Has the programme led to a greater awareness among the public and consumers on the issues and risks of child labour and to what extent has this led to increased public pressure to improve transparency of companies with regards to their activities to stop child labour?

Global + national activities: 8) Have the different programme components (implementation of child labour free zones,

political and corporate lobby and public awareness raising in North and South) reinforced each other in achieving the overall aim of Stop Child Labour and how has this been done? What were challenges and how have they been addressed?

9) What have been unexpected outcomes of the ‘Out of Work’ programme?

B. Relevance 10) Are the activities and outputs of the programme consistent with the overall goal and the

attainment of its objectives? 11) To what extent did the programme leave space for adjusting programme activities to

changing contexts – if necessary? 12) How is learning from the programme secured in SCL members and the coalition as a whole?

Has learning/innovation taken place on the basis earlier evaluations and recommendations?

C. Efficiency: 13) To what extent did the governance (coalition set-up), coordination structures, M&E

procedures and tools and the grant management structure (division of labour between coalition partners in terms of partner’s support) contribute to or hamper the achievement of the objectives?

14) Have the capacities of the different coalition members and southern partners been used optimally in the achievement of the objectives?

D. Impact

15) To what extent has a social norm that ‘no child should work – every child must be in school’ and related institution building (including the school as institution) been achieved within the child labour free zones and has this norm and related institution building led to more children attending education in the child labour free zones?

16) To what extent have CSR initiatives and companies improved their policies and practices with regard to child labour and other worker’s rights violations in their supply chains? What have been challenges in these collaborations and how have they been dealt with?

17) Have policy makers, CSR initiatives and companies in the Netherlands/Europe/international changed their practices (behaviour) and policies in support of the elimination of child labour and creation of child labour free zones?

E. Sustainability 18) Is the commitment of stakeholders (government, local authorities, village authorities,

companies) strong enough to ensure that the child labour free zones will be capable of continuing without external support? If not, what type of support is still needed?

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4.4 Evaluation methodology The evaluation methodology and design will be developed by the evaluator(s) in close collaboration with the Stop Child Labour evaluation committee during the inception phase of the evaluation (see 4.9 tentative timeframe). The evaluation questions call for a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. The evaluator(s) are requested to formulate a brief overview of the proposed methodology based on the evaluation questions and objective of the evaluation. On the basis on available documentation the evaluator(s) are then requested to further elaborate on methodology, tools and timeline in an inception report. Information and opinions should be cross-checked whenever felt necessary. The evaluator(s)’ gender sensitivity and awareness is supposed to be methodologically integrated in the process. Some aspects can be already mentioned here that might be helpful in the development of the proposed methodology. Use of data Depending on its confidential status, the Stop Child Labour coalition will make all relevant documentation available to the evaluator(s). During the inception phase of the evaluation it should become clear which evaluation questions can be answered using existing data (that is already available, or will become available in the course of the evaluation period) and which additional data collection is required. Participatory approach As SCL is a coalition of different partners both in the North and in the South who work with a wide range of different stakeholders, SCL values a participatory approach for the external evaluation to ensure that different perspectives and perceptions are taken into account at various stages of the evaluation process. This will ensure relevance for and increased ownership of the evaluation findings by the different stakeholders (e.g. coalition members, partner organisations and MoFA). Therefor it is crucial that the evaluation will start with an inception phase during which key stakeholders can provide input for the final evaluation plan. Intended and unintended results Concerning the assessment of performance, SCL is not only interested in the achievement of intended but also in capturing possible unintended (positive or negative) effects of the programme, including an analysis of the implications thereof for future programming. 4.5 Evaluation principles

The following principles will guide the evaluation: transparency, partnership, openness, cost-effectiveness, gender awareness and cultural sensitivity. The evaluators are expected to follow appropriate (local) research ethics and procedures, especially there where they are dealing with young and potentially traumatized children.

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4.6 Expected outputs

Inception Report (including evaluation plan)

The evaluation will start with an inception phase in which the selected evaluator(s) elaborate the original proposal, on the basis of documentation provided and interviews with stakeholders.

Inception report should include the following elements:

o Detailed description of methodology, data gathering methods and sampling procedure for selection of country cases.

o Detailed plan, timeline and budget o Methodological challenges and how these are taken into account

The inception report must be approved by the SCL evaluation committee before the research can start.

Evaluation report

The evaluation report is expected to include the following; o An executive summary o The objectives as stated in the Terms of Reference o A justification of the methods and techniques used, including any limitations of the

evaluation o Presentation of the findings, their analysis, conclusions, lessons learned and

recommendations concerning the evaluation questions. o Final conclusions & recommendations

Both coalition members as well as southern partners will be asked to provide feedback before the final evaluation report can be approved.

Presentation of findings

The evaluator(s) are expected to provide a presentation of the evaluation findings, respond to feedback and questions and discuss the findings with the coalition members and southern partners. The location of this presentation is still to be determined.

4.7 Requirements of the evaluation team SCL would like to contract a team of evaluators that consists of a lead evaluator, who is end responsible, plus at least two co- evaluators, who will be responsible for the evaluation of activities at partner level. The full team should together have experience and expertise in the following areas:

Evaluation expertise of complex multi-partner, multi-country programmes

Evaluation expertise in evaluating activities related to CSR and lobby and advocacy.

Subject matter expertise, in terms of child labour, education and understanding of the social dynamics involved in the CLFZ approach, as well as in terms of CSR approaches and dynamics.

Track record of evaluations in Africa and India.

Experience with both qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation methods

Capacity and flexibility to implement in-depth case studies in the countries selected.

English and Dutch language skills. Working knowledge of Hindi, Tamil and/or French are an asset.

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4.8 Management Arrangements Stop Child Labour will set up an evaluation committee consisting of three people. This evaluation committee will be responsible for:

Assessing the proposals and selecting the evaluation team

Providing feedback on the inception report, including evaluation plan

Overall coordination

Approval of final evaluation report Feedback on the draft final report will be collected from all the coalition partners, as well as from the Southern partners (who have been selected as cases). 4.9 Tentative timeframe October, 30th, 2016: Deadline for receiving proposals 7-11 November, 2016: Selection of winning proposal 14th of November, 2016: Contract signed with evaluation team 28th of November, 2016: First draft of Inception Report 14th of December, 2016: Deadline for final inception report 14th of March, 2017: Deadline for draft Evaluation Report 30th March, 2017(tbc): Presentation/Dissemination of draft Findings during End-Term Meeting 15th of April, 2017: Deadline for Final Evaluation report 4.10 Budgets and payment methods The total costs for this End of Term Evaluation will not exceed EUR 62,000. This amount includes fees for the full team including taxes and social funds, administrative costs, travel and accommodation during travelling, communication costs. The fees are calculated for the entire assignment, so including planning, preparation, info collection, travelling, interviews, report writing, report revision, editing and finalization of the assignment, as well as dissemination of report findings. Any required unplanned additional costs in the framework of this assignment are subject to prior approval from Hivos. Costs related to the dissemination of findings at the End-Term meeting (i.e. travel and accommodation costs) will be covered by SCL in a separate agreement. Fees will be paid according to the following schedule: 30% upon approval final evaluation plan, 40% upon receipt draft report, and 30% upon approval of the final evaluation report & presentation of results. 4.11 Proposals Stop Child Labour would like to invite interested lead evaluators to submit a proposal in the form of a short outline of the work plan of approximately 1000 words covering the entire Terms of Reference. The proposal should include the lead evaluator’s CV, two references, a sample of the lead evaluator’s work, a short outline of the work plan and proposed budget, and the CVs of the envisioned co-evaluators. If necessary, Stop Child Labour may at a later stage suggest names of co-evaluators to complete the team.

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Besides showing the presence of the team requirements as presented under 4.7, the proposal should show:

Correct understanding of the Terms of Reference,

Creative approach towards answering the Evaluation Questions, particularly showing how qualitative and quantitative research methods will be combined, how data can be collected at community level, how cases will be compared, and how the ‘attribution’ question will be addressed.

Proposals must be sent by email no later than October 30th, 2016 to: Stop Child Labour, Design, Monitoring, Evaluation and Learning officer Jolijn Engelbertink jengelbertink@hivos.org +31 7 376 55 00 Applicants will receive a response in the week of 7-10 November 2016.

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Annex: List of countries, activities and partners

Country Name of implementing partner

Type of activity Partner of: Focus on a specific sector/area

India 1. BWI Implementation Mondiaal FNV Natural Stone

2. FLA Research/ Implementation

- Leather/ Footwear

3. ICCO New Delhi Implementation - Network

4. Manjari Implementation India Committee of the Netherlands (ICN)

Natural Stone

5. SAVE Implementation Icco/Kerk-in-Actie Mondiaal FNV

Garment Urban

6. SOMO Research ICN Seeds

7. SOMO Research ICN Garment

Mali 8. Alphalog Implementation Stichting Kinderpostzegels

(mainly) Agriculture

9. Enda Mali - Markala Implementation Stichting Kinderpostzegels

(mainly) Agriculture

10. Enda Mali - Bougouni Implementation Stichting Kinderpostzegels

Gold

11. CAEB + Enda Mali Implementation Icco/Kerk-in-Actie Shea and Sesame

12. SNEC (Teachers Union) Implementation Mondiaal FNV AOb EI

n/a

Nicaragua 13. Anden Implementation Mondiaal FNV AOb EI

n/a

Turkey 14. Egitim Sen (Teachers Union)

Implementation Mondiaal FNV AOb EI

n/a

15. FNV Implementation - Network

16. FLA/Development Workshop

Research/ Implementation

- Garment

Uganda 17. CEFORD Implementation Hivos Coffee

18. NASCENT Research Gold

19. NASCENT Implementation Hivos Urban

20. SOMO Research - Gold

21. UNATU (Sustainability project)

Implementation Hivos n/a

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22. UNATU (Teachers Union)

Implementation Mondiaal FNV AOb EI

n/a

Zimbabwe 23. Zimbabwe National Council for the Welfare of Children (ZNCWC)

Implementation Icco/Kerk-in-Actie Tea

24. Coalition Against Child Labour in Zimbabwe (CACLAZ)

Implementation Hivos Tea

25. Coalition Against Child Labour in Zimbabwe (CACLAZ)

Implementation Hivos Urban

26. PTUZ (Teachers union) Implementation Mondiaal FNV AOb EI

n/a

27. ZIMTA (Teachers union)

Implementation Mondial FNV AOb EI

n/a