TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Anatomy:Study of form and structure of all organisms. Literally means “to cut apart”Gross (macroscopic) anatomy:Study of the form and relations (relative positions) of the structures of the body that can be seen with unaided eyes.Microscopic anatomy/ histology: Study of tissues and cells .That can be seen only with the aid of some\ equipments.Comparative Anatomy: Study of the structures of various species of animals, with particular emphasis on those characteristics that aid in classification.

Applied Anatomy:

study of specific part of animal for practical application in the field.

Systematic anatomy:

Approach to the study of anatomy by systems.

Physiology:

Study of the integrated functions of the body and the functions of all its parts (System, organs,tissues, cells and organelles), including biophysical and biochemical processes.

Systematic anatomySystematic anatomy

Median Plane: An imaginary line dividing body into equal right and left halves.Sagittal plane: Any plane parallel to the median plane.Transverse plane: Line that divide body into cranial and caudal parts (right angle to median plane)

Horizontal plane: line that divide body intodorsal and ventral segments (right angles to median and transverse plaves)

Planes in body

Positional terms

Dorsal: means towards or beyond the backbone.

Ventral: means away from the backbone

Cranial: means towards the head.

Caudal: means towards the tail

Rostral: means towards the nose.

Medial: means towards the median plane.

Lateral: means away from median plane

Proximal: means relatively close to a given part,

usually the vertebral column, body or CoG.

Distal: means relatively away from

the backbone.Deep/internal: means near to the

centre of an anatomical structure.External/superficial: means towards

the surface of the body .