TERI’s Experience

in

Fuel Cells Technology

Presentation at

National Seminar on “Creating Infrastructure for Adoption of Fuel Cell Technology in

India”, by National Thermal Power Corporation

April 15, 2004 at NTPC/EOC, NOIDA

Dr Y P Abbi, Senior FellowMr Shirish Garud, FellowTERI, New Delhi

TERI’s MissionTERI’s Mission

To develop and promote technologies, policies, and

institutions for efficient and sustainable use of natural

resources

Six divisions and an educational trust, each headed by a director

TERI’s structureTERI’s structure

Regulatory Studies and Governance

Policy Analysis

Energy–Environment Technology

Bioresources and Biotechnology

Information Technology and Services

Administrative Services

TERI School of Advanced Studies,an educational trust

Areas Biomass Energy Technology Applications Centre for Research on Environmentally Sound

Technology Applications Industrial Energy Renewable Energy Technology Applications Resource Efficient Process Technology Applications

Division of Energy–Environment TechnologyDivision of Energy–Environment Technology

Promoting technological solutions to meet the challenge of ensuring adequate supplies of energy through conservation, innovation, and management

FocusFuel cells & hydrogen as alternate energy source

Hydrogen Energy ActivitiesHydrogen Energy Activities

Core activities

Information dissemination

Market identification & feasibility studies

Field demonstrations/ adaptation of FCT in the Indian

context

Policy matters related to penetration of hydrogen & FC

technology

R & D in the areas of molten carbonate fuel cell technology

Development/demonstration activitiesDevelopment/demonstration activities

Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with biogas (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1987-92

Improved gas diffusion electrodes for phosphoric acid fuel cell (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1990-95

components & stack for molten carbonate fuel cell (Ministry of Non-conventional Energy Sources) 1994-2002

Biogas Source Okhla Sewage Treatment Plant, New Delhi

Biogas fuel processor Designed and fabricated by TERI

Fuel processor stages Desulfurizer, Steam reformer, Shift converters

(HT & LT), Boiler & heat exchangers

Fuel cell stack 2.5 kW PAFC stack (ERC, USA)

Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with biogas

Fuel processor (TERI)

2.5 kW PAFC stack ( ERC, USA)

Biogas Hydrogen

Onsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with bio-gasOnsite integrated energy system: fuel cell coupling with bio-gas

Biogas - PAFC Demonstration (TERI)Biogas - PAFC Demonstration (TERI)

Fuel cells (except AFC) can accept reformed gas as a fuel

CH4 can be ‘steam reformed’ to produce hydrogen

Biogas (digester gas) contains CH4 (50-60%)

Produced by biomethanation (anaerobic digestion) of cattle waste, sewage, etc.

Potential for use as small-scale, decentralized power sources in rural areas

MCFC component development at TERIMCFC component development at TERI

Achievements

Single cells of 38, 64,

100,512, 1000 cm2

Current density achieved

80-100 mA/cm2

Gas flow and control

systems, inverters etc.

Inhouse fabrication of

components

Electrode Matrix

End plate Cell sandwich

Facilities for fuel cell researchFacilities for fuel cell research

Fuel cell testing laboratory Pore sizer Surface area analyzer Tape casting machine Potentioscan Gas Chromatograph

Equipments for fabricating fuel cell components

Mini- workshop

Other projectsOther projects

Potential market survey for PC25C fuel cell power plants in India (Toshiba Corporation, Japan) 1995

Assessment of hydrogen fuel supply options for operating commercial fleet of fuel cell buses in New Delhi (UNDP - GEF, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited) 2000

Market assessment for fuel cells : stationary and transport applications (DG-TREN, European Commission) 2001

Report on “Hydrogen Energy- Safety, Standards, Security, & Policy” for the Planning Commission, Govt. of India 2003

Outreach activitiesOutreach activities

Industrial meet on fuel cell technology 1994

Interactive workshop for stakeholders in the fuel cell commercialization 2001

Short term project on fuel cell research for school/ university students

Relevant discussion papers

TERI prepared report of sub-group IV on “Hydrogen Energy- Safety, Standards, Security, & Policy” in October 2003 for the Planning Commission, Govt. of India.

Report Covered:

Experience of Indian Industry in handling hydrogen

Hydrogen codes and standards- the need for safety in the hydrogen energy chain covering Production, Delivery, Storage, Conversion, & Applications

International work- ISO/TC 197 (for hydrogen technologies), and IEC/TC 105 (for Fuel Cells)

Building codes and standards for Indian Hydrogen energy road map

Proposal work for Indian organisations for hydrogen standards and codes

(...more on next slide)

Hydrogen energy policy of India

National energy security and hydrogen

R, D & D projects in different areas

Involvement of difference stakeholders in India

International cooperation

Regulatory functions

National plan development

(continued from last slide)

Experience of Indian industries in handling hydrogenExperience of Indian industries in handling hydrogen

Fuel cell applications in India: issues and concernsFuel cell applications in India: issues and concerns

High capital cost of the fuel cell technology

No hydrogen fuel infrastructure facility

Appropriate fuel reformation technology for hydrocarbon fuels

Integration as per local needs

Sufficient operational data under Indian conditions

Safety issue pertaining to usage of hydrogen/gas as fuel

Potential near term fuel cell applications in IndiaPotential near term fuel cell applications in India

Demonstration of fuel cells for decentralized power generation in hotels

Demonstration of fuel cells for decentralized power generation in hotels

Hotels

200 kW FCPP

Piped natural gas

CHP Generation

Performance monitoring

High end customer

FCPP electricity cheaper than grid

Natural gas connection available

Projecting attractive payback period

Financing option & risk sharing

Demonstration of fuel cells for rural electrification

Demonstration of fuel cells for rural electrification

Solar PV

Wind

Biomass Gasifier

Bio - digestor

Electrolyser

Gas cleaning/reforming

Hydrogen

Fuel cell power plant( 5 - 50 kW)

Rural electrification & pumping

Integration issues

Demonstration of fuel cells for residential applications

Demonstration of fuel cells for residential applications

Pipe NG

BottledLPG

0.5 - 10 kW PEMFC

Residential power/ backup power

Frequent power cuts in urban areas

Pipe NG in select cities for residential users

Distribution infrastructure for LPG

Pollution from existing back-up units

Economic competition from existing back-up units

Integration & performance evaluation

Development of ‘National Policy on Hydrogen’

Development of national plan for production of hydrogen from renewables (Biomass, PV, Wind, etc.)

Demonstrations projects on Hydrogen from Renewable.

Market potential forecast for ‘Fuel cell applications’ for transport, industry, & distributed generation.

Demonstration of Fuel Cell system (with part funding from Govt. of India and part from other countries).

Development & testing of integrated biomass gasifier- fuel cell system.

TERI’s areas of interest TERI’s areas of interest