Upload
anilgoyal
View
213
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
1/40
ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk “kh"kZd“TENT HOUSE”
d{kk ,oa lsD”ku dk uke & ch-
dkWe- VI lsesLVjProject Report Submitted to
“ kkldh; egkfo|ky;] lSykuk
gLrk{kj funs!kd-------------------------gLrk{kj
fo|k"kh-----------------------------
2015-16 - 1 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
2/40
funs!kd kW-,e-,l-$kSgku fo|k"kh
dk uke&l%;ukjk;k
'lgk;d ()k*;k(d+ fo|k"kh dku.ekad&/0/012324kkldh; egkfo|ky;]lSykuk
“k("k&(5
eSa l%;ukjk;k d{kk ch-dkWe- III o!k
egkfo|ky;& “kkldh; egkfo|ky;] lSykuk ;g
dFku djrk gwW fd izzLrqr izfrosnu 66Vs7V
gk8l 9;olk;:: esjs kjk rS;kj fd;k !;k oa
iw#kZr$ ekSfyd gS%
2015-16 - 2 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
3/40
gLrk{kj
uke & l%;ukjk;k
f”k{kd funs”kd dk ()ekk &(5
izekf#kr fd;k tkrk gS fd izLrqr izfrosnu
ftdk “kh'kZd (()s*) gk+ ,;ok;-- gS ;g
2015-16 - 3 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
4/40
k5&l%;ukjk;k d{kk ch-dkWe- III o!k
kjk esjs ek!Zn.kZu esa rS;kj fd;k !;k gS% ;g
/udk ekSfyd ifj;kstuk&dk;Z gS
gLrk{kj
uke funZs.kd f.k{kd
&0kW1e112kSgku
hy
Contents
fo'k; oLrq
2015-16 - 4 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
5/40
3
1
fo'k; oLrq i4'5
36 ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk “kh'kZd $ Vs7V gk8l 7
8 fod9i ds fy *;wure “kS{kf#kd :gZrksa 7 fod9i ds fy +kr tkudkjh
7
? fod9i ds fy LFkkiuk oa iath;u s a=af>kr
tkudkjh
@
A fod9i ds fy iz=a>k ,;oLFkk s a=af>kr
tkudkjh
6B
7 fod9i ds fy a2kyu izf3;k s a=af>kr
tkudkjh
6?
@ fod9i ds {ksC esa fo|eku eL;k:ksa dh
tkudkjh
67
D fod9i ds {ksC esa Ekfo'; dh
2qukSfr;k oa +ik;ksa dh tkudkjh
6D
G fod9i ds {ksC esa Ekfo'; dh aEkkouksa
oa :oj
8B
6
B
ifj;kstuk ds nkSjku SHkafrd d{kk :>;kiu 87
6
6
egkfo|ky; esa :>;;u ds nkSjku izkIr
qfo>kksa
87
6
8
izkIr iqjLdkjksa dk fooj#k 87
6 ijh{kk ifj#kke 8@
2015-16 - 5 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
6/40
Jk#0&:
• ns”; gS? &
ifj;kstuk dk;Z dk 2;u djus ds ihKs
esjk +nns.; ;g gS fd eSa Lojkst!kj
s a=f>kr ,;ok; s tq0Muk 2kgrk gw
N;ksfd )s*) gk+ ,;ok; =s izeqJk
,;ok; gS% Ekh dks /dh :ko.;drk
gksrh gS% eqOs / {ksC esa dkPh
Qf2 gS% ;g rsth s =RMrs gq" ,;ok;
esa s "d gS%
2015-16 - 6 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
7/40
• Lojks=@kj ds {ks5 esa jks=@kj dh
laAkkoukksa dks Jkkstus dh fn.kkesa esjs kjk )s*) gk+ dk fod9i
2quk !;k gS :kSj /dk foLr4r
izfrosnu ;gk izLrqr gS%
2015-16 - 7 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
8/40
6T fodB( dk uke & Vs7V gk8l
8T fodB( Lojks=@kj s a=af>kr gS%
T fodB( dk $;u djus dh ()sjkk 1
eqOs :ius funsZ.kd 0kW1 "e1"1
2kSgku j s feyhU
?T fodB( ds fy, 7;Cure grk,s &
“ kS{kfkd $
)s*) gk+ ds ,;ok; ds fy" fo.ks'k
;ksV;rk dh :ko.;drk ugha gS fd*rq ;fn
dkeZ Lukrd gks rks ;g ,;ok; :ksj :
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
9/40
'+ fodB( ds fy;s frfjDrE8FFk
f”k{kk dh ko”;drk ls lacaf*kr
=kudkjh &/ds fy" :frfjNr +
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
10/40
Vs7V gk8l 9;olk; ds
(a=h;uEL"kk(uk dh =kudkjh
;g dgk tkrk gS fd “kknh&Y;kg o :*;
dk;Z3e ds kFk ,;kikj dk tks izFke LoQIk
izd) gq:k og )s*) gk+ ,;kikj gh Fkk%
(fjAkk!kk,a&
fofEk*u fokuksa kjk "dkdh ,;kikj dh
fuXufyfJkr ifjEkk'kk"a nh tkrh gS%
61 0kW 2k9 0Y9;w1 !L)uZ=!Z ds
:uqkj&(("dkdh ,;kikj og ,;kikj gS
tks "d ,;fNr kjk izkjaEk fd;k tkrk gS
rFkk ogh ,;fNr ,;kikj ds dk;Z a2kyu
2015-16 - 10 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
11/40
"oa ykEk&gkfu dk +rjnk;h gksrk
gS%--
81 izks1 yq/Z gSus ds :uqkj& (("dkdh,;kikj a!5u dk og LoQIk gS ftdk
izeqJk "d gh ,;fNr gksrk gS[ tks
+dk a2kyu djrk gS "oa +ds eLr
dk;ksZ ds fy" +rjnk;h gksrk gS%
,;kikj dh tksfJke dk Ekkj Ekh +ds
da>kksa ij jgrk gS%
1 fdX=ky "oa fdX=ky ds “kYnksa esa
& (("dkdh ,;kikj og ,;kikj gS tks
:ius ns.k ds kek*; fu;eksa rFkk
,;ok; ij izEkko 0kyus okys fof.k')
fu;eksa ds :ar!Zr :ius ,;ok; s
a=af>kr eLr =krksa esa oksZ
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
12/40
A1 0kW tkWu1"1 “kqf=u ds
erkuqkj&"dy Lokfeo okys ,;ok; ds
:ar!Zr "d gh ,;fNr a!5udrkZ gksrkgS[ ogh Lokeh gksrk gS :kSj ,;ok;
dks :ius futh uke s 2ykrk gS%
71 kek*; ifjEkk'kk& +i;qNr
ifjEkk'kk:ksa ds :k>kkj ij dgk tk drk
gS fd "dkdh ,;kikj ,;ok; dk og QIk
gS[ fts "d ,;fNr LFkk\r djrk gS% ogh
,;fNr iwath y!krk gS% gkfu ykEk ds
fy" iw#kZr;k ftXesnkj gksrs gq" ,;kikj
dk a2kyu[ funsZ.kd[ iz=a>kd[
kgh "oa a!5d gskrk gS% ,;kikj "d
oksZkdkjh gksus ds ukrs Lo;a
dh iwath[ Lo;a ds fuekZ#k rFkk Lo;a
ds dkS.ky s ,;kikj dk a2kyu djrk
gS% "dkdh ,;kikj gekjs ns.k esa
jkst!kj dk "d k>ku gS fts ekC jkst!kj
dh izkfIr ugha gksrh =f9d :k; dk "d
k>ku ds Ekh +iyY>krk n.kkZrh gS
2015-16 - 12 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
13/40
ftesa Lo;a ekfyd dk gh :f>kdkj gksrk
gS 2kgs og ykEk gks ;k gkfu% +dh
tkudkjh Lo;a ekfyd ds fgr esa jgdj ghdh tk drh gS% :kt "dkdh ,;kikj ns.k
dh =RMrh tuaJ;k esa :iuk fo.ks'k
LFkku =uk 2wds gS fts :f>kdka.k
,;fNr :iuk thou ;kiu djrs gS :kSj
yks!ksa dks jkst!kj dh izkfIr djus fd
hJk iznku djrs gS o jkst!kj +iyY>k
djkrs gS %tSs Ksk)s QIk esa f.kf{kr
gksus ij ukSdjh a=a>kh dk;Z djkus
ds QIk esa +dh Ekwfedk gksrh gS%
2015-16 - 13 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
14/40
Vs7V gk8l 9;k(kj esa ()ca*k 9;oL"kk dh =kudkjh &
)s*) gk+ ,;kikj dk ,;okf;d {ksC esa
fof.k') ego gS% /fy" )s*) gk+
,;kikj iz#kkyh :;ar izk2hu gksrs gq"
Ekh :kt yksd\z; gS%
fuXukafdr ykEkksa s / LoQIk dk ego
Li') gks tkrk gS&
6 izkjaEk "oa :ar djus esa Pyrk &
)s*) ,;kikj esa izkjaEk esa :f>kd
oS>kkfud :0Mkz fu#kZ;&
2015-16 - 14 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
15/40
)s*) ,;kikjh :ius ,;ok; dk a2kyu
dk fu#kZ; L,k;a djrk gS% og “kh]kz
fu#kZ; ysdj :k" gq" ,;kikfjd :ojksa dk;Fkke; ykEk +5k drk gS[ N;ksfd +s
fu#kZ; ysus esa :*; ,;fNr;ksa ij
fuEkZj ugha jguk i0Mrk gS%
1 iw#kZ fu;aC#k&
)s*) ,;kikjh ds ,;kikj ij iw#kZ
fu;aC#k gksrk gS% ^s'5 fu;aC#k
,;kikfjd Pyrk dh daaqth gS% "dkdh
:f>kdre ykEk izkIr djus ds fy" :iuh
iw#kZ {kerk "oa dq.kyrk ds kFk
,;kikj ds iz=a>k ij fu;aC#k jJkrk gS%
?1 eLr 9kkEk ij "dkf>kdkj&
"dy Lokfeo dh n.kk esa )s*)
,;kikjh dk eLr ykEk ij "dkf>kdkj
gksrk gS[ /fy" og ykEk dks :f>kdre
djus ds fy" :f>kd ifj^e "oa 2rqjk/Z s
dk;Z djrk gS%
A1 !ksiuh;rk&
2015-16 - 15 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
16/40
,;kikfjd jgL; fd !ksiuh;rk gh ,;kikfjd
Pyrk dh daqth gS% )s*) ,;kikjh
:ius ,;kikfjd jgL;ksa dks iw#kZ QIk s!qIr jJk drk gS% +s fdh dks Ekh
:iuh ,;kikj a=a>kh uhfr =rkus fd
:ko.;drk ugha i0Mrh% "dkdh ,;kikj
:ius ,;ok; dk :dsyk +rjnk;h gksrk
gS[ :r$ eLr ,;kokf;d jgL;ksa[
uhfr;ksa[ ;kstuk:ksa "oa
dk;Zfof>k;ksa dks q!erk s !qIr jJk
drk gS% !ksifu;rk =uk" jJkus s og
,;kokf;d J;kfr dk fuekZ#k djus esa
Ekh Py gks tkrk gS% ,;ok; dks
:uqf2r izfr;ksf!rk s qjf{kr jJk drk
gS% dgk tkrk gS fd 2kj dkuksa esa
=krs dEkh !qIr ugha jgrh[ ysfdu
"dkdh ,;kikj esa ;g eL;k iSnk ugha
gksrh% /h dkj#k dgk tk drk gS fd
"dkdh ,;kikjh dh !ksiuh;rk "dkdh
,;kikj ds fy" ykEkizn gS%
2015-16 - 16 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
17/40
71 fer,;f;rk &
)s*) ,;kikjh ds k>ku hfer gksrs gS%
:r$ +udk :f>kdre +i;ks! :ko.;d gS%)s*) ,;kikj esa Lokeh ds dk;Z djus
ds dkj#k og >ku dks =gqr gh ko>kkuh
s Jk2Z djrk gS% / izdkj >ku "oa
k>kuksa dk nqQi;ks! ugha gks ikrk%
@1 dk;Z esa y!u &
)s*) ,;kikj esa ykEk ij "d gh ,;fNr
dk iw#kZ :f>kdkj gksus ds dkj#k og
y!u ifj^e[ >kS;Z "oa 2rqjk/ZiwoZd
,;kikfjd dk;ksZ dks Xi*u djrk gS%
fts +s :f>kdre ykEk izkIr gks ds%
/ izsj#kk dks ysdj og y!u iwoZd dk;Z
dj drk gS%
D1 ,;fNr!r XidZ&
)s*) ,;kikj dk !zkgdksa s ,;fNr!r
aidZ jgus ds dkj#k og +udh Qf2 "oa
:ko.;drk:ksa s iw#kZ ifjf2r gks tkrk
gS% ogh +udh Qf2 ds :uqkj eky
2015-16 - 17 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
18/40
Jkjhjdj +udh nqdku ij fo3; gsrq jJkrk
gS% og :ius deZ2kfj;ska s Ekh XidZ
jJkrs gq" +*gs :f>kd dk;Z djus dhizsj#kk nsrk gS%
G1 _#k esa qfo>kk&
)s*) ,;kikj dks ,;fNr!r a=a>kksa[
,;fNr!r kJk "oa :hfer +rjnkf;o ds
dkj#k :kkuh s _#k izkIr gks tkrk gS%
6B1 iSr4d J;kfr dk ykEk&
)s*) ,;kikjh kjk iSr4d ,;ok; :iukus
ds dkj#k +dks iwoZtksa fd J;kfr dk
iw#kZ ykEk izkIr gks tkrk gS [ /s
+s ,;kikj dh o4fH djus dh qfo>kk jgrh gS%
661 :kefo.ok dk thou &
:9i k>kuksa dks ysdj )s*) ,;kikj
,;ok; dk izkjXEk djrk gS[ ftesa
+dh Pyrk afnV>k jgrh gS% /fy" oks
kg[ :kefo.ok[ >kS;Z[ rZdrk "oa
iw#kZ nkf;o ds kFk dke djrk gS%
2015-16 - 18 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
19/40
/s +dh dk;Z {kerk dk fodk gksrk
gS :kSj og kgh a;eh "oa
:kefo.okh =u tkrk gS%681 ,;fNr!r LoraCrk &
,;ok; dks izkjaEk djus gsrq u dks/Z
izkFkZuk iC nsu i0Mrk gS :kSj u gh
+s :a.k =s2uk i0Mkk gS ,;ok; ds
2;u djus esa og LoraC jgrk gS% oLrq
dk 3; fo3; djus[ ew9; fu>kkZj#k djus [
+>kkj nsus :kfn esa Ekh +s iw#kZ
LoarCrk jgrh gS%
61 rZdrk &
)s*) ,;kikj esa ,;fNr!r fgr
LkoksZijh gksus ds dkj#k og ,;kikj dk
iz=a>k "oa a2kyu rZdrkiwoZd djrk
gS%
2015-16 - 19 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
20/40
Vs7V gk8l dh la$kyu ()f.;k
dh =kudkjh
+i;qNr ifjEkk'kk:ksa ds :k>kkj ij )s*)
gk+ ,;ok; dh izeqJk fo.ks'krk"a
fuXufyfJkr gS&
61 "dkdh Lokfeo &
)s*) ,;ok; dk "d gh ,;fNr Lokeh
gksrk gS% ,;ok; dh iwath[ k>ku "oa
Xifr;ksa ij +dk :f>kdkj gksrk gS% og
,;kikj ds izkjaEk s ysdj ,;kikj ds :ar
rd dh Ekh Xifr "oa nkf;oksa ds fy"
Lo;a dh +rjnk;h gksrk gS%
81 :hfer nkf;o &
)s*) ,;kikj esa ,;ok; dk Lokeh "d
gh ,;fNr gksrk gS :r$ ,;ok; dk
Xiw#kZ +rjnkf;o Ekh +h ,;fNr ij
jgrk gS% ,;ok; esa gksus okyh Xiw#kZ
gkfu dh iwfrZ Ekh +s gh djuh i0Mrh
gS% ;fn fdh dkj#ko.k ,;ok; esa y!k/Z
2015-16 - 20 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
21/40
iawth s :f>kd gkfu gks tkrh gS rks /
:frfjNr gkfu dks iwjk djus dk nkf;o
"dkadh ,;kikj dk gh gksrk gS% +s:iuh futh Xifr s :frfjNr gkfu iwjh
djuk i0Mrh gS% a{ksi esa[
)s*) ,;kikj esa gq/Z gkfu dks :afre
iSs rd 2qdkus ds fy" "dkdh ,;kikjh
+rjnk;h gS% ;g "dkdh ,;kikjh dk
:hfer +rjnkf;o gS% 0kW1 fLiza!y
us dgk gS fd ((dkuwu "dkdh ,;kikj
ds ]kj "oa ,;ok; esa :arj ugha ekurk
gS%-- :FkkZr "dkdh ,;kikjh ,;kikj
a=a>kh Ekh f3;k:ksa ds fy"
,;fNr!r QIk s +rjnk;h gS% :hfer
+rjnkf;o gksus s ,;kikj ds _#k
2qdkus ds fy" :usd =kj +s :iuh
Xifr Ekh =s2uk i0Mkh gS[ N;ksfd
+dk +kjnkf;o :hfer jgrk gS%
+nkgj#k& tSs ;fn fdh ,;kikjh ds
nkf;o 6A[BBB Q gS o dqy Xifr;ksa
2015-16 - 21 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
22/40
6B[BBB Q gS rks 6A[BBB Q ds nkf;o
ds Ekq!rku gsrq A[BBB Q fd deh
i0s!h% /dh iwfrZ +s :ius futh Xifrs djuk i0s!h% / izdkj
dEkh&dEkh "dkdh ,;kikj esa ,;kikjh
,;kikj "oa ]kj nksuks s ==kZn gks
tkrs gS% :r$ :hfer +rjnfk;o
"dkdh ,;kikj dk izeqJk nsk'k gS%
1 iw#kZ fu;aC#k "oa iz=a>k &
)s*) ,;kikj ij "dkdh ,;kikj dk iw#kZ
fu;aC#k gksrk gS% og ,;kikj dks :iuh
/kd "oa funsZ.kd Lo;a gksrk gS%
+s gh kjs ,;ok; dk iz=a>k djuk
i0Mrk gS% iz=a>k djus ds ihKs gekjs
ns.k esa foLr4r tkudkjh iw#kZ fu;afCr
gksrh gS /esa nksuks {kSC gekjs
fy" +iq;Nr gksrh gS% ge / dk;Z ds
2015-16 - 22 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
23/40
fy" f=uk ks2s eOs iw#kZ dk;Z dj drk
gS%
Vs7V 9;k(kj esa foGkeku
leL;kksa dh =kudkjh
)s*) ,;kok; dk ekt esa ego =gqr
:f>kd gS[ /ds izeqJk dkj#k fuXufyfJkr
gS&
61 LoaraC thfodk&
)s*) ,;kikj esa ,;fNr!r LoraC thou
f=rk drk gS% Ekh dk;Z3e o
“kknh&Y;kg :kfn ds fy" ;g :;ar
+i;sk!h gS%
2015-16 - 23 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
24/40
81 LoraC thfodk&
)s*) ,;kikj s jkst!kj ds :ojksa esa
o4fH gksrh gS% ukSdjh u feyus ij /s:iuh thfodk :kkuh s 2yk drk gS%
1 :kfFkZd fo'kerk ij jksd&
)s*) ,;kikj dh Kks)h esa iwath =)
tkus ds dk#k >ku ds dzs*nzhdj#k ij
jksd y! tkrh gS[ fts !jh=h :ehjh dh
:kfFkZd fo'kerk fd Jkk/Z =RMus
ugha ikrh gS%
?1 de dher ij :
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
25/40
)s*) ,;kikj esa ,;fNr!r fgr gksus ds
dkj#k og +iknu ds k>kuksa dk
fer,;f;rk iwoZd +i;ks! djrk gS%@1 +rjnkf;o dh Ekkouk &
)s*) ,;kikj esa Lokeh :kefo.ok
"oa +rjnkf;o dh Ekkouk dk fudk;
gksrk gS%
D1 izf.k{k#k ds*nz&
)s*) ,;kikj esa Lo;a Lokeh "oa
deZ2kfj;ksa ds dk;Z djus s +*gs
,;kikfjd izf.k{k#k feyrk gS% fts :k!s
2ydj og Py ,;kikjh =u tkrs gS%
Vs7V 9;k(kj esa Akfo!; dh
$-ukSfr;ka ,oa 8(k; &
2015-16 - 25 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
26/40
)s*) ,;kikj esa +i;qZNr ykEkksa ds
kFk dqK nks'k Ekh ik" tkrs gS[ tks
fuXufyfJkr gS&61 hfer iwath &
"dkdh ,;kikj ds ik hfer k>ku "oa de
iwath gksus ds dkj#k og orZeku esa
2y jgs =0Ms iSekus ds +|ks! >ak>ks
2ykus ;k ,;kikj dk foLrkj djus esa
:eFkZ jgrk gS% / izfr;ksf!rk ds ;q!
esa iwath ds :Ekko ds dkj#k ,;ok;
dk :fLro ekIr gksus dk 0j =uk jgrk
gS%
81 hfer iz=a>k ;kstuk &
)s*) ,;kikjh dh iz=a>k {kerk hfer
gksrh gS% "d ,;fNr[ oZ!q#k Xi*u
ugha gks drk% +dh fu#kZ; “kfNr[
foosd[ =qfH[ ;ksV;rk "oa 2krqZ; hfer
gksrk gS%
og forh; df5uk/Z;ksa ds dkj#k
:ads{kdksa fokh; ykgdkjksa :kfn
2015-16 - 26 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
27/40
dh sok dk Ekh dXiuh dh rjg ykEk
ugha +5k drk :r$ ,;kikj ds foLrkj
ds dkj#k ,;kikj dh tf)yrk"a =RM tkuss og ,;kikj dks XEkkyus esa :eFkZ
gks tkrk gw%
1 :LFkk/Z :fLro &
)s*) ,;kikj dk thou "dkdh ,;kikjh dsthou sa a=af>kr jgrk gS% ,;kikjh dh
e4;q gks tkus[ yX=s e; rd =hekj gkstkus :kfn ds dkj#k ,;kikj ekIr gkstkrk gS%
)s*) gk+ Lojkst!kj esa d/Z
df5uk/Z;ka `2qukSfr;ka :kus dh
aEkkouk gS tks fuXukuqkj gS% oSs
)s*) gk+ “kkWIk izkstsN) jkst!kj gsrq
:fr +ke gS%
61 =s =0h 2qukSrh qfu;ksftr )s*)
gk+ =ktkj dks !Sj fu;ksftr )s*)
,;,kLFkk s gS%
2015-16 - 27 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
28/40
81 Ekkjr esa qfu;ksftr )s*) =ktkj esa
Nokfy)h !qzi dh deh gS%
?1 )s*) +|ks! ds fy" =s =0Mh =k>kkizk/e yksds.ku dh deh gS% :f>kdrj “kgjh
{ksCksa /ruh =0Mh t!g dh ,;oLFkk
djuk Fkks0k )s0k dke gS% :!j “kgj s
nwj t!g ij )s*) LFkk\r fd;k tkrk gS rks
ogkW !zkgdksa dks :kus tkus esa
:qfo>kk gksrh gS%
A1 Ekh rjg ds !zkgdksa dh arqf')[ ;g
=s 2qukSrh iw#kZ dk;Z gS%
@1 !zkgdksa dks +udh ian ds :uqkj
+kk +iyY>k djokuk%
"dkdh ,;kikj dk ,;okf;d {ksC esa
fof.k') ego gS% /fy" "dkdh ,;kikj
2015-16 - 28 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
29/40
iz#kkyh :;ar izk2hu gksrs gq" Ekh :kt
yksd\z; gS%
6 izkjaEk "oa :ar djus esa Pyrk &"dkdh ,;kikj esa izkjaEk esa :f>kd
oS>kkfud :0Mkz fu#kZ;&
"dkdh ,;kikj :ius ,;ok; dk a2kyu dk
fu#kZ; L,k;a djrk gS% og “kh]kz
fu#kZ; ysdj :k" gq" ,;kikfjd :ojksa dk
;Fkke; ykEk +5k drk gS[ N;ksfd +s
fu#kZ; ysus esa :*; ,;fNr;ksa ij
fuEkZj ugha jguk i0Mrk gS%
1 iw#kZ fu;aC#k&
"dkdh ,;kikjh ds ,;kikj ij iw#kZ
fu;aC#k gksrk gS% ^s'5 fu;aC#k
,;kikfjd Pyrk dh daaqth gS% "dkdh
2015-16 - 29 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
30/40
:f>kdre ykEk izkIr djus ds fy" :iuh
iw#kZ {kerk "oa dq.kyrk ds kFk
,;kikj ds iz=a>k ij fu;aC#k jJkrk gS%?1 eLr 9kkEk ij "dkf>kdkj&
"dy Lokfeo dh n.kk esa "dkdh
,;kikjh dk eLr ykEk ij "dkf>kdkj
gksrk gS[ /fy" og ykEk dks :f>kdre
djus ds fy" :f>kd ifj^e "oa 2rqjk/Z s
dk;Z djrk gS%
A1 !ksiuh;rk&
,;kikfjd jgL; fd !ksiuh;rk gh ,;kikfjd
Pyrk dh daqth gS% "dkdh ,;kikjh
:ius ,;kikfjd jgL;ksa dks iw#kZ QIk s
!qIr jJk drk gS% +s fdh dks Ekh
:iuh ,;kikj a=a>kh uhfr =rkus fd
:ko.;drk ugha i0Mrh% "dkdh ,;kikj
:ius ,;ok; dk :dsyk +rjnk;h gksrk
gS[ :r$ eLr ,;kokf;d jgL;ksa[
uhfr;ksa[ ;kstuk:ksa "oa
dk;Zfof>k;ksa dks q!erk s !qIr jJk
2015-16 - 30 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
31/40
drk gS% !ksifu;rk =uk" jJkus s og
,;kokf;d J;kfr dk fuekZ#k djus esa
Ekh Py gks tkrk gS% ,;ok; dks:uqf2r izfr;ksf!rk s qjf{kr jJk drk
gS% dgk tkrk gS fd 2kj dkuksa esa
=krs dEkh !qIr ugha jgrh[ ysfdu
"dkdh ,;kikj esa ;g eL;k iSnk ugha
gksrh% /h dkj#k dgk tk drk gS fd
"dkdh ,;kikjh dh !ksiuh;rk "dkdh
,;kikj ds fy" ykEkizn gS%
71 fer,;f;rk &
"dkdh ,;kikjh ds k>ku hfer gksrs
gS% :r$ +udk :f>kdre +i;ks! :ko.;d
gS% "dkdh ,;kikj esa Lokeh ds dk;Z
djus ds dkj#k og >ku dks =gqr gh
ko>kkuh s Jk2Z djrk gS% / izdkj
>ku "oa k>kuksa dk nqQi;ks! ugha gks
ikrk%
@1 dk;Z esa y!u &
2015-16 - 31 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
32/40
,;kikj esa ykEk ij "d gh ,;fNr dk
iw#kZ :f>kdkj gksus ds dkj#k og y!u
ifj^e[ >kS;Z "oa 2rqjk/ZiwoZd ,;kikfjddk;ksZ dks Xi*u djrk gS% fts +s
:f>kdre ykEk izkIr gks ds% / izsj#kk
dks ysdj og y!u iwoZd dk;Z dj drk
gS%
D1 ,;fNr!r XidZ&
,;kikjh dk !zkgdksa s ,;fNr!r aidZ
jgus ds dkj#k og +udh Qf2 "oa
:ko.;drk:ksa s iw#kZ ifjf2r gks tkrk
gS% ogh +udh Qf2 ds :uqkj eky
Jkjhjdj +udh nqdku ij fo3; gsrq jJkrk
gS% og :ius deZ2kfj;ska s Ekh XidZ
jJkrs gq" +*gs :f>kd dk;Z djus dh
izsj#kk nsrk gS%
G1 _#k esa qfo>kk&
,;kikj dks ,;fNr!r a=a>kksa[ ,;fNr!r
kJk "oa :hfer +rjnkf;o ds dkj#k
:kkuh s _#k izkIr gks tkrk gS%
2015-16 - 32 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
33/40
6B1 iSr4d J;kfr dk ykEk&
"dkdh ,;kikjh kjk iSr4d ,;ok;
:iukus ds dkj#k +dks iwoZtksa fdJ;kfr dk iw#kZ ykEk izkIr gks tkrk gS [
/s +s ,;kikj dh o4fH djus dh qfo>kk
jgrh gS%
661 :kefo.ok dk thou &
:9i k>kuksa dks ysdj "dkdh ,;kikj
,;ok; dk izkjXEk djrk gS[ ftesa
+dh Pyrk afnV>k jgrh gS% /fy" oks
kg[ :kefo.ok[ >kS;Z[ rZdrk "oa
iw#kZ nkf;o ds kFk dke djrk gS%
/s +dh dk;Z {kerk dk fodk gksrk
gS :kSj og kgh a;eh "oa
:kefo.okh =u tkrk gS%
681 ,;fNr!r LoraCrk &
,;ok; dks izkjaEk djus gsrq u dks/Z
izkFkZuk iC nsuk i0Mrk gS :kSj u gh
+s :a.k =s2uk i0Mkk gS ,;ok; ds
2;u djus esa og LoraC jgrk gS% oLrq
2015-16 - 33 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
34/40
dk 3; fo3; djus[ ew9; fu>kkZj#k djus [
+>kkj nsus :kfn esa Ekh +s iw#kZ
LoarCrk jgrh gS%61 rZdrk &
"dkdh ,;kikj esa ,;fNr!r fgr
LkoksZijh gksus ds dkj#k og ,;kikj dk
iz=a>k "oa a2kyu rZdrkiwoZd djrk
gS%
6?1 eku :oj dh +iyfY>k &
ukSdfj;ksa esa deh ds dkj#k og ekt
ds ,;fNr;ksa dks thfodk 2ykus ds fy"
og eku :oj iznku djrk gS / "dkdh
,;kikj esa fdh tkfr[ >keZ dh
kXiznkf;drk dk >;ku jJkk tkrk gS%
ftdk :kih fookn u gksrk gS =f9d "drk
ds kFk ;g ,;kikj ns.k esa :k!s
=RMrk tk jgk gS% fdh Ekh ekt dk /
izdkj dk ,;kikj izkjaEk dj drk gS% /
ij dks/Z izfr=a>k ugha gS% ;g
2015-16 - 34 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
35/40
ektoknh ekt fd LFkkiuk esa
Ekjiwj ;ks!nku nsrk gS%
6A1 :*; ykEk&,;kikj dk ikfj^fed s h>kk X=a>k gksus
ds dkj#k dk;Z djus fd iz;{k izsj#kk
feyrh gS% ,;ok; dk Xiw#kZ iz=a>k
gkFk esa gksus ds dkj#k igys “kfNr s
ifjiw#kZ "oa deZ2kfj;ksa s iz;{k
XidZ gksus ds dkj#k +udks iw#kZ
fu;aC#k esa jJkus ds ykEk Ekh gt gh
izkIr gks tkrs gS%
2015-16 - 35 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
36/40
KkC dk :uqEko &
izf.k{k#k izfrosnu ds dk;Z ds nkSjku
fdh Ekh rjg dh df5uk/Z;ka dk keuk
ugha djuk i0Mk N;ksfd )s*) gk+ ds
izksik/)j o L)kWP us gekjk iwjk g;ks!
fd;k[ ;FkkaEko iwjh enn dh% )s*)
,;ok; ds =kjs esa foLr4r tkudkjh +iyY>k
djk;h% )s*) ,;ok; esa dkSu&dkSu s
jkst!kj +iyY>k gS[ +uds fy" N;k
:ko.;d ;ksV;rk gksuh 2kfg"U dkSu&k
dksZ gksuk 2kfg" U N;k dk;Z jgs!k U
/;kfn ds =kjs esa foLr4r tkudkjh gesanh%
2015-16 - 36 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
37/40
&&&&&&&BB&&&&&&&
2015-16 - 37 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
38/40
Hk#& c
6T (fj;ks=uk dk; ds nkSjku lSIkafrd d{kk
*;k(u ,oa 8ldh 9;kogkfjd 8(;ksf@rk ds e*;
uAkCr arj dk foojk &
ifj;kstuk dk;Z ds nkSjku LkSHkafrd d{kk esa eSaus
fo'k; s a=af>kr ku izkIr fd;k fts eqOs fo'k; dh
!gjk/Z esa tkdj +dk =kjhdh s :>;;u djus dh izsj#kk
feyh%
J+ egkfo|ky; esa *;;u ds nkSjku ()k;;u ds nkSjku eqOs eLr “kS{kf#kd
qfo>kksa izkIr gq/Z% kFk gh f.k{kd`!k/Z0
0kW1e112kSgku oa :*; izk>;kidks dk Ekh iw#kZ
ek!Zn.kZu oa g;ks! izkIr gq:k%
2015-16 - 38 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
39/40
'0+ egkfo|ky; esa *;;u ds nkSjku ()kko djus ds fy !kSjo
f2*g oa izek#k&iC iznku fd;k !;k
:>;;u ds nkSjku eqOs egkfo|ky;hu dy u4; esa frh;
rFkk 6BB eh1 o 8BB eh1 nkS0M izfr;ksf!rk esa frh;
iqQLdkj izkIr gq:k% NSDC s f)ZfPds) izkIr gq:k%
'M+ esjk (jh{kk (fjkke '()"ke lsesLVj ls (a$e
lsesLVj rd +
3
1
d{kk dk uke izkIrka
d
iw#kkZ
ad
ijh{kk
ifj#kke
6 =h1dkWe izFke
sesL)j
888 ?AB +rh#kZ
8 =h1dkWe frh; 866 ?AB s)hds)h
2015-16 - 39 - B.Com VI Sem
8/19/2019 Tent House (Hindi)
40/40
sesL)j
=h1dkWe r4rh;
sesL)j
6DB ?AB +rh#kZ
? =h1dkWe
2rqFkZ sesL)j
6G@ ?AB +rh#kZ
A =h1dkWe ia2e
sesL)j
67@ ?AB s)hds)h