Tension Experiment

8/18/2019 Tension Experiment

1/16

Tension

ME 4620 – 02

Submitted By:

Group 01

Nathan McGillivray

Bradley Swords

Submitted On:

4/18/2016


2/16

Experiment Description:

In this experi ent! standard tensile tests are per"or ed to deter ine the stress#strain $ehavior o"

%ltiple sa ples o" two di""erent aterials& 'he two aterials %sed in this experi ent are 6061

(l% in% and 41)0 Steel& 'he si ple tensile testin* is per"or ed %sin* the Instron 'ensile

'ester& 'his achine %tili+es an extenso eter to eas%re the strain o" the speci en $%t only to a

li ited point "or sa"ety& ,ollowin* the re oval o" the extenso eter! the Instron achine records

the stress and elon*ation "or the speci en %ntil it "ract%res& 'he data is saved as an -xcel "ile to

$e %sed to create stress vers%s strain plots in order to calc%late the "ollowin* val%es. o%n* s

Mod%l%s! ield Stren*th! lti ate 'ensile Stren*th! Strain at ,ract%re! ercent -lon*ation! and

ercent 3ed%ction in ross#Sectional (rea&

In addition to the data "ro the Instron achine! eas%re ents o" each speci en are

ta5en $e"ore and a"ter the test& 'hese eas%re ents will $e %sed to calc%late -n*ineerin* Stress!

'r%e Stress! and ercent 3ed%ction in ross#Sectional (rea& 'he eas%re ents ta5en are

ill%strated in ,i*%re 1 $elow&

("ter the speci en "ract%res! the "inal di eter is eas%red at the location o" the "ract%re and the

*a*e len*th with the speci en held to*ether& 'he "inal dia eter is expected to $e s aller than

the initial dia eter and the *a*e len*th to $e lon*er a"ter the "ract%re& astly! "ro 7oo5e s law!

we also expect to "ind o%r stress to $e proportional to strain however we need to consider any

i per"ections and %ncertainties while per"or in* the tests&

1

Figure 1: Diagram of test specimen where G = gage length and D = diameter [1]


3/16

D t !o""ected:

Figure 2: Aluminum Specimen 1 Stress vs Strain

Figure !: Aluminum Specimen 1 Stress vs Strain "ine Fit

2


4/16

Figure #: Aluminum Specimen 1 Stress vs $%tension

Figure &: Aluminum Specimen 1 Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

3


5/16

Figure ': Aluminum Specimen 2 Stress vs Strain

Figure (: Aluminum Specimen 2 Stress vs Strain "ine Fit

4


6/16

Figure ): Aluminum Specimen 2 Stress vs $%tension

Figure *: Aluminum Specimen 2 Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

5


7/16

Figure 1+: Aluminum Specimen ! Stress vs Strain

Figure 11: Aluminum Specimen ! Stress vs Strain "ine Fit

6


8/16

Figure 12: Aluminum Specimen ! Stress vs $%tension

Figure 1!: Aluminum Specimen ! Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

,i*%res 2#1) show the Stress vers%s Strain and Stress vers%s -xtension plots "or all three

al% in% speci ens& (dditionally! plots with a trend#line are incl%de "or the linear re*ion o"

$oth Strain and -xtension plots& By o$servation! we "ind the plots prod%ced to "ollow the trends

expected with a yield stren*th pea5! a linear re*ion! and $oth strain and extension $ein*

proportional&

7


9/16


10/16

Figure 1': Steel Specimen 1 Stress vs $%tension

Figure 1(: Steel Specimen 1 Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

9


11/16

Figure 1): Steel Specimen 2 Stress vs Strain

Figure 1*: Steel Specimen 2 Stress vs Strain "ine Fit

10


12/16

Figure 2+: Steel Specimen 2 Stress vs $%tension

Figure 21: Steel Specimen 2 Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

11


13/16

Figure 22: Steel Specimen ! Stress vs Strain

Figure 2!: Steel Specimen ! Stress vs Strain "ine Fit

12


14/16

Figure 2#: Steel Specimen ! Stress vs $%tension

Figure 2&: Steel Specimen ! Stress vs $%tension "ine Fit

,i*%res 14#2 show the Stress vers%s Strain and Stress vers%s -xtension plots "or all three steel

speci ens& (dditionally! plots with a trend#line are incl%de "or the linear re*ion o" $oth Strain

and -xtension plots& By o$servation! we "ind the plots prod%ced to "ollow the trends expected

with a yield stren*th pea5! a linear re*ion! and $oth strain and extension $ein* proportional&

13


15/16

sin* the data in the -xcel "ile! we are a$le to o$serve the lti ate 'ensile Stren*th! the

Stress at the ,ract%re! and the percent elon*ation& sin* the plots! we can o$serve o%n* s

Mod%l%s and the ield Stren*th& astly! we can calc%late the percent o" area red%ction "ro

eas%re ents ta5en& 'hese val%es are ta$%lated in 'a$le 1 $elow&

,a-le 1: .alculated and /-served 0alues from ,esting

Aluminum Steel

Specimen 1Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Specimen 1

Specimen 2

Specimen 3

Young's Modulus (MP ! 68605 21062 20360 38946 33258 31375 Yield St"engt# (MP ! 346$46 301$83 341$02 879$79 858$56 875$05%ltim te tensilest"engt# (MP ! 4843 406$61 468$68

1020$44 966$29 994$07

st"ess t &" ctu"e (MP ! 393$5 336$04 393$6 862$72 824$31 833$79 elong tion 21$33 21 20$64 8$9 8$8 14$1 "eduction 31$03 38$64 54$04 22$68 36$54 28$18

9e can now co pare these val%es to p%$lished val%es "or the aterials& 'he p%$lished val%es

are shown in 'a$le 2 $elow&

,a-le 2: u-lished 0alues [2] [!]

Aluminum 2)Steel 3)

Young's Modulus (*P ! 73$1 205 Yield St"engt# (MP ! 324 370%ltim te tensilest"engt# (MP ! 469 440st"ess t &" ctu"e(MP !

elong tion 20 15 "eduction 40 75

Discussion:

,irst! o$servin* $oth the (l% in% and Steel plots! we see that the res%lts show trends o" typical

Stress vers%s Strain and Stress vers%s -xtension plots& 7owever! when co parin* the val%es in

14


16/16

the ta$les! we see so e variance in the calc%lated/o$served val%es vers%s the p%$lished val%es&

'his co%ld $e a res%lt "ro %ltiple varia$les& ,or exa ple! the s5ewed can $e e""ected $y the

i per"ections in the aterial! the way the speci en was achined! and the way the speci en

$ro5e d%rin* the test&

Summ ry:

By per"or in* the tension test! we see the speci ens to $y reachin* as expected& 7owever the

val%es are not what we expected when co parin* to the p%$lished val%es& It is i portant to 5eep

this in ind as we aterials have p%$lished val%es $%t circ% stances ay a""ect the tr%e val%es

and the way the aterial reacts& (dditionally! experi ental %ncertainty and circ% stances have

a""ected the res%lts collected in this la$&

#e$erences:

:1; ME4620: Tension Test, 9ri*ht State niversity! lass Notes! pd"&

:2; Speci"ications! M&! (lloy! (&! ( s! S&! Bare! ,&! -xtr%sion! '&! < -xtr%sion! -& =2001>&Speci"ication o" al% in% alloy! =(pril>! )?6@&

:); o position! &! roperties! &! roperties! M&! < roperties! -& =n&d&>& (ISI 1018 Mild /ow ar$on Steel&

%ppendix: +e&o"e (mm! A&te" (mm! A , * A , *

A l

1 60 5$9 26$2 69$4 4$9 31$22 60 6 32 71$4 4$7 39$13 59$6 5$9 30$6 71$3 4 36

S t e e l 1 61$8 5$8 34$3 62$5 5$1 34$9

2 59$1 5$9 33$7 58$7 4$7 36$23 60$3 5$9 34$3 62 5 36$1

15

Documents

Tension Experiment