Tenses Grmmar[1]k

8/6/2019 Tenses Grmmar[1]k

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TENSES


2/17

PRESENT TENSE

SIMPLE PRESENT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS


3/17

SIMPLE PRESENT

Use for permanent situations Giraffes live in Africa.

Use to describe things that are

generally trueIt rains more in winter.

Use for habits

I bite my nails.

She smoke cigars.

Does he usually wear white socks with

black shoes?

Things that happen regularly They play bingo on Monday nights.

Her parents go to Mekah every year.

with verbs that describe current

states She loves chocolate. He owns his flat.

In informal reports or

instructions

It says here the strike is over.

You go to the end and turn left.

When we perform action by

speaking, e.g promise to do

something

I accept their decision

I promise to be more careful.


4/17

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEUse for actions in progress or to talk about being in the middle of an

activity.

Hi. Im callingto let you knowIm coming, butits raining

and the trafficis movingslowly.

PRESENT SIMPLE VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Describe current situations as

permanent

My brother lives in London and works

for a magazine

Temporary situations

My sister is living with my brother.

She is not working and she is looking

for a job.

Use be and have for typical situation orstate

Wendys normally a quite person.

She has a gentle voice.

For a temporary or special situation. Wendy s being wild tonight. Shes

having a graduation party.


5/17

SIMPLE PRESENT VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Today (be)___1____ the second day of my trek around Mount Annapurna. I am

exhausted and my legs (shake)_____2____ ; I just hope I am able to complete thetrek. My feet (kill, really) ____3_____ me and my toes (bleed)____4____, but I

(want, still)____5___to continue.

Nepal is a fascinating country, but I have a great deal to learn. Everything (be)

____6___ so different, and I (try) ___7____ to adapt to the new way of life here. I

(learn)____8_____a little bit of the language to make communication easier;unfortunately, I (learn, not) _____9____foreign languages quickly. Although I

(understand, not) ___10_____much yet, I believe that I (improve, gradually)

____11______.I (travel, currently)____12______with Liam, a student from Leeds University in

England. He (be) ___13____a nice guy, but impatient. He (walk, always)

_____14_____ ahead of me and (complain) ____15_____ that I am too slow. I (do)___16_____my best to keep up with him, but he is younger and stronger than I am.

Maybe, I am just feeling sorry for myself because I am getting old.

Right now, Liam (sit) ___17_____with the owner of the inn. They (discuss)

____18____the differences between life in England and life in Nepal. I (know, not)

____19____the real name of the owner, but everybody (call, just)just calls him

Tam. Tam (speak)___20______ English very well and he (try) ___21_____to

teach Liam some words in Nepali. Every time Tam (say)___22_____a new word,

Liam (try) __23____ to repeat it. Unfortunately, Liam (seem, also) ___24_____to

have difficulty learning foreign languages. I just hope we don't get lost and have to

ask for directions.


6/17


7/17


8/17

PRESENT PERFECT VS. PRESENT PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

1. Judy: How long (be) ________in Canada?

Claude: I (study) _________here for more than three years.

2. I (have) ________the same car for more than ten years. I'm thinking about buying

a new one.

3. I (love)________chocolate since I was a child. You might even call me a

"chocoholic."

4. Matt and Sarah (have) _________some difficulties in their relationship lately, so

they (go) ___________to a marriage counselor. I hope they work everything out.

5. John (work) __________for the government since he graduated from Harvard

University. Until recently, he (enjoy) __________his work, but now he is talking

about retiring.

6. Lately, I (think)_________about changing my career because I (become)

___________dissatisfied with the conditions at my company.

7. I (see)________Judy for more than five years and during that time I (see)

__________ many changes in her personality.


9/17

PAST TENSE

SIMPLE PAST

PAST CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS


10/17

SIMPLE PAST

Use for completed actions in the

past

Dickens wrote Oliver Twist. Edison invented the light bulb. The Beatles sang Yesterday/.

Use for two or more past actionsin sequence, especially in

narrative.

I tripped and landed on my knees. He knocked her down , grabbed her

purse and ran off.

Form used to to make astronger contrast with the

present

There used to be a shop on the corner. He used to smoke a lot.

We did not use to have a car.


11/17

PAST CONTINUOUS

Describe actions in progress at a specific time in the past.

What were you doing at 8.30 last night?

I wasnt doing anything special. I was just reading.

Use with some verbs (wonder, hope) to make a request more polite.

I was wondering when I could talk to you.

We were hoping you might have a free moment.

When- and while- clauses, we can use past continuous to describe an

activity in one clause that starts before and action in another clause.

While he was driving, I fell asleep

I saw my ex-boyfriend while I was running in the park.

Use with simple past to show interruption of activity.

I was listening to the news when she phoned.

When I was running, I slipped and fell.


12/17

SIMPLE PAST VS. PAST CONTINUOUS

Last night, while I was doing my homework, Angela (call) ____1___.She said she

(call)___2___me on her cell phone from her biology classroom at UCLA. I askedher if she (wait) ___3___for class, but she said that the professor was at the front of

the hall lecturing while she (talk)____4____to me. I couldn't believe she (make)

____5____a phone call during the lecture. I asked what was going on.

She said her biology professor was so boring that several of the students (sleep,

actually) ____6____in class. Some of the students (talk) ____7___about their

plans for the weekend and the student next to her (draw) ____8_____a picture of a

horse. When Angela (tell) told me she was not satisfied with the class, I (mention)___9___that my biology professor was quite good and (suggest) ____10___ that

she switch to my class.

While we were talking, I (hear) ____11___her professor yell, "Miss, are you making

a phone call?" Suddenly, the line went dead. I (hang) ____12___ up the phone and

went to the kitchen to make dinner. As I (cut)___13____vegetables for a salad, the

phone rang once again. It (be) ___14___Angela, but this time she wasn't sitting in

class.


13/17

PAST PERFECT

Use past perfect when describingan action with past simple and to

refer to an action further in the

past.

We went to his office, but he had left. Emma did not have the money

because she has spent it.

For earlier events after clauseswith reporting or thinking verbs in

the past

Joe told me our team had scoredtwice.

I thought we had won.


14/17

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Use for events in progress before another event in the past.

I had been thinking about that before you mentioned it.

PAST PERFECT VS. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

Describe an action as the result of an

action before a past event.

We had made chicken soup and we

offered her some when she came in.

Describe an action as a process before

another event in the past.

We had been making chicken soup so

the kitchen was still hot and steamywhen she came in.


15/17

PAST PERFECT VS. PAST PERFECT

CONTINUOUS

I'm sorry I left without you last night, but I told you to meet me early because theshow started at 8:00. I (try) ____1______to get tickets for that play for months, and I

didn't want to miss it. By the time I finally left the coffee shop where we were

supposed to meet, I (have)____2_____ five cups of coffee and I (wait) ____3____over an hour. I had to leave because I (arrange) _____4____to meet Kathy in front

of the theater.

When I arrived at the theater, Kathy (pick, already) ____5_____up the tickets andshe was waiting for us near the entrance. She was really angry because she (wait)

____6_____for more than half an hour. She said she (give, almost) ____7___ up

and (go) ____8____into the theater without us.

Kathy told me you (be) ____9___late several times in the past and that she would

not make plans with you again in the future. She mentioned that she (miss)

____10_____several movies because of your late arrivals. I think you owe her an

apology. And in the future, I suggest you be on time!


16/17

FUTURE TENSE

FUTURE TENSE FUNCTIONS

Simple Future To show that an action will take place in the future,and when no other idea, such as continuity or the

completion of the action in the future, needs to

mentioned or conveyed.

He will join the firm next year.

We shall join you when we finished this

work.

Future Continuous

Used to express something that will be continuing

or going on at some point of time.

I shall be doing my work when you come in

afterwards, so do not disturb me then.

Future Perfect Used to express an action that is not completed

now, but will already be completed at some point

of time in the future.

I shall have finished reading this book by

Saturday.Future Perfect Continuous Used when we look ahead to a future time and

imagine an action lasting from a point before that

time up to the future.

On the 10th of next month, I will have been living

here for exactly two years.


17/17

SIMPLE PAST VS. PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Since computers were first introduced to the public in the early 1980's, technology(change)____1____a great deal. The first computers (be)____2___simple

machines designed for basic tasks. They (have, not) ____3____much memory and

they (be, not) ____4___very powerful. Early computers were often quite expensiveand customers often (pay) ____5___ thousands of dollars for machines which

actually (do) ____6___ very little. Most computers (be) ____7____ separate,

individual machines used mostly as expensive typewriters or for playing games.

Times (change) ____8___.Computers (become)_____9___powerful machineswith very practical applications. Programmers (create)____10____a large selectionof useful programs which do everything from teaching foreign languages to

bookkeeping. We are still playing video games, but today's games (become)

____11_______ faster, more exciting interactive adventures. Many computer users(get, also) ____12______on the Internet and (begin) ___13______communicating

with other computer users around the world. We (start)____14______to create

international communities online. In short, the simple, individual machines of the

past (evolve)____15_______into an international World Wide Web of knowledge.

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Tenses Grmmar[1]k