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Tenderfoot Requirement #12a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking. b. Show first aid for the following: Simple cuts and scrapes Blisters on the hand and foot Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree) Bites and stings of insects and ticks Venomous snakebite Nosebleed Frostbite and sunburn Second Class Requirement #6a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Object in the eye Bite of a suspected rabid animal Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree) Heat exhaustion Shock Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation

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First Class Requirement #8b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone. c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled roomwith a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack. e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).

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Tenderfoot Requirement #12a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking. b. Show first aid for the following: Simple cuts and scrapes Blisters on the hand and foot Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree) Bites and stings of insects and ticks Venomous snakebite Nosebleed Frostbite and sunburn 55

a. Demonstrate how to care for someone who is choking. Heimlich maneuverStep One: Ask the choking person to stand if he or she is sitting. Step Two: Place yourself slightly behind the standing victim. Step Three: Reassure the victim that you know the Heimlich maneuver and are going to help. Step Four: Place your arms around the victim's waist. Step Five: Make a fist with one hand and place your thumb toward the victim, just above his or her belly button. Step Six: Grab your fist with your other hand. Step Seven: Deliver five upward squeeze-thrusts into the abdomen. Step Eight: Make each squeeze-thrust strong enough to dislodge a foreign body. Step Nine: Understand that your thrusts make the diaphragm move air out of the victim's lungs, creating a kind of artificial cough. Step Ten: Keep a firm grip on the victim, since he or she can lose consciousness and fall to the ground if the Heimlich maneuver is not effective.Step Eleven: Repeat the Heimlich maneuver until the foreign body is expelled.66

b. Show first aid for the following: Simple cuts and scrapes Blisters on the hand and foot Simple Cut Will have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is cleanyou may have to scrub a little! Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing frequently if wound is seeping moisture.StepsStop the bleedingClean the woundApply Antibiotic Cover with band aidBlistersUsually form on the foot or the hands.Common cause is from rubbing inside shoe or glove.Treat as a wound clean with soap and water. Usually dont break deep blister.Some superficial blisters can be lanced with a sterile needle, cleaned, and bandaged.Keep off pressure by changing socks/gloves, bandage, or using moleskin.

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b. Show first aid for the following:Minor (thermal/heat) burns or scalds (superficial, or first degree) Bites and stings of insects and ticks

First Degree Burns: Skin is red, dry, and painful Minimal swelling Skin not broken

Tick StingNot poisonousCan transmit Rocky Mountain spotted fever or Lyme disease Tick embeds its mouth parts in skin and may remain for daysRemoval Do not try to remove an embedded tick by:covering it with petroleum jellysoaking it with bleachburning it awayAllergic ReactionsAsk the person if they need help,Then call 911 and help them use there Meds like a epi-pen etc.

Bandage if necessary. Skin lotion may be helpful (Aloe). 911 may not be needed.

Grasp close to skin with tweezers and pull gently until tick lets go, or slide credit card under from the rear

88b. Show first aid for the following: Venomous snakebite Nosebleed

Venomous Snake Bite First Aid For:Have victim lie down and stay calm (Keep bitten area immobile and below level of heart)Call 911Wash bite wound with soap and waterRemove jewelry or tight clothing before swellingDo not try to catch snake but note appearanceNosebleedSit the person down with head held well forward Do not let their head tip back - blood may run down throat Pinch the nose firmly whilst bending forward just below the bridgeAfter ten minutes release the pressure If there is still bleeding reapply the pressure for further periods of ten minutes If the nose bleed persists beyond 30 minutes get help

99b. Show first aid for the following:Frostbite

Frostbite:Looks Like:Skin looks waxy and white, gray, yellow, or bluish Area is numb or feels tingly or achingSevere frostbite:Area feels hardMay become painless After warming, area becomes swollen and may blisterFirst Aid For:Move victim to warm environmentHold frostbitten area in hands to warm it do not rubRemove any tight clothing or jewelry around areaPut dry gauze or fluffy cloth between frostbitten fingers or toesDo not use fire, heat lamp, fire, heating pad to re-warmSeek medical attention

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b. Show first aid for the following:Sun BurnFirst Aid For:Steps:Get out of the sun. Staying in the sun after the burn is present will make it worse.Look for blisters. Blistering means the skin is completely damaged and complications are likely. If the area with blisters is bigger than one entire arm or the whole abdomen, seek medical attention by calling 911 or visiting the emergency department.Take a cool shower or bath to soothe the pain.Apply aloe or another cooling agent. Whatever you use - DO NOT APPLY BUTTER OR OIL TO ANY BURN!Over the counter pain relievers like ibuprofen or acetaminophen can be used for the pain of a sunburn. If stronger pain relief is needed, contact a physician or go to the emergency department.

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Second Class Requirement #6a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Object in the eye Bite of a suspected rabid animal Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree) Heat exhaustion Shock Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilation1313

Second Class Requirement #6a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.Stopped Breathing: See the next set of slides:

141415If You Encounter An Unconscious Victim > Do ABCs

OpenAirwayCheck ForBreathingCheckCirculation A B C1516

A - Open AirwayB - Check for breathing1617C - CirculationCheck a pulse at wrist or throat

1718Check Pulses NowPractice18

Second Class Requirement #6a. Show what to do for "hurry" cases of stopped breathing, serious bleeding, and ingested poisoning.Stopped Breathing: See slide #24Rescue Breathing: See slide #24Serious BleedingSee slide #28Ingested PoisonSee Slide #35

191920Rescue BreathingforNon-BreathingAdults2021

Rescue BreathingStart immediately if victim not breathingDont forget to have someone call 911It is possible that heart could still be beating only rescue breathing needed.

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Rescue Breathing TechniquesPosition the victim on their backOpen the airwayUse a barrier device if you have oneWatch victims chest rise2223

One breath every five seconds

2324Dealing WithCuts and Bleeding2425Bleeding ControlBest Methods Are:Direct PressureElevation

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Apply pressure directly to the woundDirect Pressure2627

Raise limb above heart level, keep applying pressureElevation27

You Should Clean Most WoundsUnless the wound is very large or bleeding seriously, clean the wound to help prevent infection Wash your hands first and wear gloves if available282829

Signs and Symptoms of InfectionWound area is red, swollen, and warmRed streaks or trails on the skin near the wound

Pain

Pus

Fever

See a health care provider immediately2930Scrapes / AbrasionsWill have dirt ground into the skin, so make sure it is cleanyou may have to scrub a little!Bandage to keep clean and dry. Change dressing frequently if wound is seeping moisture.

3031Poisoning3132

If someone is poisoned you could see nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, drowsiness, dizzinessDetermine (if you can) what was swallowed, when, and how much.Call Poison Control Center or 911Swallowed PoisonsSmall children love pretty bottles.3233

Carbon MonoxideInvisible, odorless, and tastelessand very lethal May be present from motor vehicle exhaust, a faulty furnace, fires, some camping heaters Exposure to large amounts causes an immediate poisoning reactionGet victim away from source3334

First Aid for Drug OverdosePut unresponsive victim in recovery position, check ABCs, and call 911For responsive victim ensure it is safe to approach If behavior is erratic or violent, call 911 and stay awayTry to find out what drug is involved

3435Poison Plants3536

Poison Ivy

Poison Oak

Poison Sumac3637First Aid for Poison PlantsWash area thoroughly with soap and waterFor severe reactions or swelling of face, victim needs medical attentionTreat itching with calamine lotion, topical hydrocortisone cream, and oral antihistamineWash clothing, shoes and pets

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b. Prepare a personal first aid kit to take with you on a hike.See the group leader so you can complete this requirement later.c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Object in the eye Bite of a suspected rabid animalObject In The EyeDo not rub eye Gently pull upper eyelid out and down over lower eyelid this sometimes worksGently flush eye with water from medicine dropper or water glass dont allow water to run into other eyeIf the particle is visible, carefully try to remove it with a clean cloth or clean gauze padIf victim has any vision problems or pain, cover eye with sterile dressing and seek medical attentionFor minor wounds. If the bite barely breaks the skin and there is no danger of rabies, treat it as a minor wound. Wash the wound thoroughly with soap and water. Apply an antibiotic cream to prevent infection and cover the bite with a clean bandage.For deep wounds. If the animal bite creates a deep puncture of the skin or the skin is badly torn and bleeding, apply pressure with a clean, dry cloth to stop the bleeding and see your doctor.For infection. If you notice signs of infection, such as swelling, redness, increased pain or oozing, see your doctor immediately.For suspected rabies. If you suspect the bite was caused by an animal that might carry rabies including any wild or domestic animal of unknown immunization status see your doctor immediately.

Need To Know3838

c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Puncture wounds from a splinter, nail, and fishhook Serious burns (partial thickness, or second degree)Puncture Wound: If an object is embedded in the body dont pull it out. Bandage in place and go to emergency room.If the object has already been removed wash thoroughly infection is more likely because germs have been pushed deeper in the body.Depending on where and how deep this may still need a doctors care you cant see how deep it went or what is going on inside the body.

Serious BurnsSkin is swollen and red, may be blotchy or streakedBlisters that may be weeping clear fluidVery Painful

Apply a loose dry bandage and call 9113939

c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Heat exhaustion ShockHeat Exhaustion:Heat exhaustion develops when body becomes dehydrated in hot environmentHeavy sweatingThirst FatigueHeat crampsThenHeadache DizzinessNauseaVomitingShockNot enough blood is getting circulated around the body.Untreated it can lead to death.Can be caused by all kinds to things like:Severe bleedingHeart problemsNervous system injuriesDehydrationSerious infectionsSevere burnsAllergic reactions

First Aid For:Move victim from heat to rest in cool place Loosen or remove unnecessary clothingGive sports drink or water to drinkRaise feet 8-12 inches Put wet cloths on forehead and body or spray skin with waterSeek medical care if victims condition worsens or does not improve within 30 minutesMaintain victims normal body temperature Have victim lie on back and raise legs 8 to 12 inches (except with spine injury)

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What is Shock?Untreated it can lead to death.Can be caused by all kinds to things like:Severe bleedingHeart problemsNervous system injuriesDehydrationSerious infectionsSevere burnsAllergic reactionsNot enough blood is getting circulated around the body.4142Shock Looks LikeScared/confusionDizzinessPale/bluish skinCold/clammy skinRapid, shallow breathingNausea/vomitingThirstShock, if untreated, can lead to death.4243

First Aid for ShockHave victim lie on back and raise legs 8 to 12 inches (except with spine injury) Maintain victims normal body temperature 43

c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: Heatstroke, dehydration, hypothermia, and hyperventilationHeat Stroke:A life-threatening emergency more common during hot summer periodsMay develop slowly over several days or more rapidly with strenuous activity in the heat Different from heat exhaustion:Skin is flushed and feels very hot and dry to touch; skin may by pale, or may turn red if severeVictim becomes confused, irrational, may become unresponsive or have convulsions

Dehydration:Symptomsthirstless-frequent urinationdry skinfatiguelight-headednessdizzinessconfusiondry mouth and mucous membranesincreased heart rate and breathing

Treatment for dehydration:If caught early, dehydration can often be treated at home under a physician's guidance. In children, directions for giving food and fluids will differ according to the cause of the dehydration, so it is important to consult your pediatrician.In cases of mild dehydration, simple rehydration is recommended by drinking fluids. Many sports drinks on the market effectively restore body fluids, electrolytes, and salt balance.For moderate dehydration, intravenous fluids may be required, although if caught early enough, simple rehydration may be effective. Cases of serious dehydration should be treated as a medical emergency, and hospitalization, along with intravenous fluids, is necessary. Immediate action should be taken.

4444c. Demonstrate first aid for the following: hypothermia, and hyperventilationHypothermia:Occurs when body cannot make heat as fast as it loses itInternal body temperature drops below 95F Can occur whenever and wherever a person feels cold, including indoors in poorly heated areasSymptomsShivering (but stops in severe hypothermia)Confusion, or irrationalLethargic, drowsinessPale, cool skinChanging Levels of responsivenessFirst Aid For:Call 911 for all severe hypothermia victimsQuickly get victim out of cold, and remove wet clothingHave victim lie down and cover with blankets Serious cases need immediate medical careHyperventilationSigns & SymptomsYour heart pounds. It feels like you can't get enough air. You feel tingling and numbness in the arms, legs, and around the mouth. You feel a sense of doom. You may pass out. Cure:Open up a small paper bag. Loosely cover your nose and mouth with it. Breathe slowly into the bag. Re-breathe the air in the bag. Do this about 10 times. Set the bag aside. Breathe normally for a couple of minutes. Repeat the steps above for up to 15 minutes. Try to breathe slowly. Focus on taking one breath every 5 seconds.

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First Class Requirement #8b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, the upper arm, and the collarbone. c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled roomwith a sprained ankle, for at least 25 yards.d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack. e. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).4747

First Class Requirement #8b. Demonstrate bandages for a sprained ankle. and for injuries on the head, upper arm and the collarbone.Bandage For A Sprained Ankle Immobilize area in position foundPut ice or cold pack on areaWrap joint with compression bandageUse soft splint to immobilize and support jointSeek medical attention if appropriateInjury To The HeadSee the demonstration.Upper ArmSee the demonstrationCollarbone See the demonstration

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First Class Requirement #8c. Show how to transport by yourself, and with one other person, a person: from a smoke-filled roomSee slide 37d. Tell the five most common signals of a heart attack. Some Include:Persistent pressure, tightness, ache, or pain in chestPain in neck, shoulders, or armsShortness of breathDizziness, lightheadedness, feeling of impending doomPale skin, sweatingNauseae. Explain the steps (procedures) in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR).See slide 46

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Shoulder DragSupport the headUse for short distances5051

Ankle DragUse for short distances5152Unresponsive victim who cannot safely be dragged

Packstrap Carry

5253Responsive victim who can walk with helpOne Person Walking Assist

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Two Person Walking Assist5455

Firemans Carry

Note hand lockUse wrist lock5556Lighter victim or child

Piggyback Carry5657Blanket DragSupport victims head, use for longer distances

5758Two-Handed Seat CarryUse this with two rescuers

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595960PerformingCPR forAdults6061

Open airway6162

Look, listen and feel for breathing for up to 10 seconds6263

If not breathing, give 2 breaths

Use a barrier device if you have one.6364

Check pulse and look for signs of breathing, movement, coughing.6465

Use heels of 2 hands and place in between nipplesIf no signs of circulation start CPR6566In 2006 CPR to breath ratio changed to 30:2 !

Count: one, two, three 30Then give 2 breathsCompressions at a rate of 100/min

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Continue CPR untilVictim shows signs of circulationAED accessHelp arrivesYou are too tired to continue

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Tender Foot Requirements7070

Second Class Requirements7171

First Class Requirements7272

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