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Sucker RodsCatalogue
Table of Contents
5
INTRODUCTION
TenarisFully Integrated Manufacturing ProcessDelivering Value for CustomersDesign & TechnologyFull Product RangeProprietary Steel GradesAPI Steel Grades
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Application Guide
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RODS BY TECHNOLOGY
BlueRodTM Premium Sucker RodHolloRodTM Series X-Torque Rod
39
Accessories
49
Running Operations
57
APPENDIX
Product IdentificationDimensional CharacteristicsProduct WeightsPulling Load CapacityStress Calculation
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Tenaris
Tenaris is a leading supplier of tubes andrelated services for the world’s energy industryand certain other industrial applications. Ourmission is to deliver value to our customersthrough product development, manufacturingexcellence and supply chain management. Weseek to minimize risk for our customers andhelp them reduce costs, increase flexibility andimprove time-to-market.
Tenaris employees around the world arecommitted to continuous improvement bysharing knowledge across a single globalorganization.
Through our integrated global network ofmanufacturing, R&D and service facilities, wework with our customers to meet their needs forthe timely supply of high-performance productsin increasingly complex operating environments.
Coseley
CopenhagenEsbjerg
Nisku
Poza Rica
Monterrey
Barrancabermeja
LimaCallao
Villa Mercedes
SantiagoMontevideo
Rio de Janeiro
Louisville
AlgomaTubes
Cedar Springs
Counce
Westwego
Tamsa
TuboCaribe
Siderca
Siat
Aberdeen
Bakersfield HickmanConroe
Prudential
Kuala Lumpur
Perth
Mexico CityComalcaco
GuadalajaraDos Bocas Maharashtra
NKKTubes
WarriOnne
Lagos
DalmineSilcotub
Campina
BucharestPloiesti
BasraMisurata
Batam Balikpapan
Moresby
Darwin
Broome
SPIJ
Dammam
Doha
Rio das Ostras
LubaMalabo
Maputo
New Delhi
Mumbai
Ho Chi Minh
Atyrau
Ashgabat
Aksai
Luanda
Confab
Jakarta
Villavicencio
Pittsburgh Oklahoma City
Manufacturing Centers
R&D Centers
Service Centers
Commercial Offices
Sucker Rods Production Centers
Red Deer
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Fully Integrated Manufacturing Process Tenaris manufactures sucker rods in a fully integrated industrial process.With production centers strategically located in three regions, we meetthe growing demand of our customers all over the world.
From the production of steel as a raw materialto the threading of each sucker rod, the entireprocess takes place in our own manufacturingcenters. Located in Villa Mercedes (Argentina),Pindamonhangaba (Brazil), Veracruz (Mexico)and Campina (Romania), these state-of-the-artplants are equipped to manufacture Tenaris’sfull line of BlueRod™ premium sucker rods,HolloRod™ Series, X-Torque rods, HighStrength rods and API sucker rods.
Tenaris’s sucker rods and accessories aredesigned to efficiently respond to challengingoperating conditions, including high loads,corrosive environments and applications wherecontrol of tubing/rod friction is required.
Manufactured to the most stringent qualitystandards, all product lines comply with ISO9001 and API Q1 specifications. A singlequality policy and the enforcement of arigorous quality management system ensurehomogeneous quality across all facilities.Quality control procedures include statisticalprocess controls, daily process/product auditsand sucker rods traceability systems.
Each individual rod is straightened, while itsentire surface is inspected by Non DestructiveTesting (NDT) equipment that can detect anypotential transversal or longitudinal defects inaccordance with API criteria. Internal ultrasonictests are also performed. Additionally, all Tenarissucker rods undergo a shot peening process thatcompresses their external surface to improvefatigue resistance.
VERACRUZ
In October 2011 Tenaris
began producing rods in
Mexico, becoming the only
local manufacturer of this
type of products.
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Delivering Value for CustomersBuilding on its global reach and vast field experience, Tenaris offers a wide range of services that add value through customized supply,operational, administrative and technical solutions for your operations.
Tenaris’s experienced field service specialistsare always on hand to assess our customers’operational needs. The services they provideinclude:
STRING DESIGN OPTIMIZATION
With vast experience in even the mostchallenging oil well operational environments,Tenaris is able to provide full assistance inidentifying the optimum string design for eachparticular application. Using advancedsimulation software, our experts can help you with both beam and progressive cavitypumping rod string designs.
JUST-IN-TIME DELIVERY AND INVENTORY
MANAGEMENT
Thanks to our global network of customerservice centers, combined with our logisticsexpertise, we can offer just in-time delivery ofmaterials and work closely with our customersto provide full inventory management services.
RUNNING SUPERVISION
One of the main causes behind sucker rodfailures is poorly performed running.Hydraulic tongs used at the well site are notequipped to monitor that the required torquevalues are applied to each connection. Therefore,pressure losses, inadequate calibration andoperational mistakes can lead to prematurefailures.
To respond to these needs, Tenaris offers aspecialized running service that includes:
Trained personnel for the supervision of handling,thread cleaning, make-up and torque controlactivities, ensuring compliance with best practices.
Deployment of advanced hydraulic power tongsfor optimal make-up operation and torquecontrol analysis.
Torque control in problematic wells with highfailure rates.
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PARTNERS IN THE FIELD
Tenaris offers specialized
running services.
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TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
During installation, Tenaris’s field engineers are trained to assist customers and address anytechnical doubts that could arise in the field.
TRAINING
Tenaris provides training services on productselection, string design, material handling andother aspects of the installation and operationof sucker rods. Classroom or in-field trainingsessions are customized to match the level ofexperience, knowledge and specific needs ofeach team.
FAILURE ANALYSIS
In our state-of-the-art laboratories, we analyzethe mechanical and dimensional properties ofmaterials, as well as the corrosion effects onthem. The resulting data is used to effectivelydiagnose the cause of failure.
MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION SERVICE (MOS)
Designed to improve sucker rod performanceand to reduce well interventions, our MOS isbased on an integral analysis of the problematicfield or area. This service includes a fullyintegrated application of all the servicesdescribed above.
Following the completion of field surveys,interviewing of key customers and statisticalanalysis of well intervention history, ourexperts will propose detailed technicalrecommendations, covering material selection,string design and operational practices, andassist with their implementation.
MATERIAL OPTIMIZATIONSERVICE
FAILUREANALYSIS
TRAINING
AFTER MARKET SERVICES
FULLY INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT & LOGISTICS
TECHNICALASSISTANCE
RUNNINGSUPERVISION
JUST IN TIMEDELIVERY
INVENTORYMANAGEMENT
STRING DESIGNOPTIMIZATION
CUSTOMER
Customized Services
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Tenaris offers field-proven products designed for the most challenging oil & gas applications.
At Tenaris, our goal is to make sure that ourcustomers can take full advantage of the latestproduct technology to address their needs in thefield. By sharing knowledge and resourcesacross a global organization and leveraging ourspecialized R&D centers in Italy, Japan, Mexicoand Argentina, we are able to expand our rangeof product solutions to meet today’sincreasingly demanding well conditions.
Through the work carried out at the StructuralIntegrity, Metallurgy, Non Destructive Testingand other key departments of Tenaris’s R&Dnetwork, new technologies are created forproduct design, manufacturing processes,
surface treatment and quality control. Thisintegrated approach has allowed Tenaris tomaintain its leading position in product designand process innovation.
Any new technology developed by Tenaris isextensively tested. Over 35 years of fieldexperience endorse the performance ofTenaris’s products and provide the basis forfuture R&D initiatives.
BlueRodTM premium sucker rods andHolloRodTM Series are an example of ourcontinuous efforts in R&D and the high-endsolutions that derive from them.
Design & Technology
BLUEROD™ PREMIUM SUCKER RODThe total capacity of the sucker rod stringdepends mostly on the connection capacity. Up to now, 70% of conventional pumpingfailures were traceable to this part of the rods.BlueRod™ design, with a tapered trapeziumthread profile and flank-to-flank contact, offersremarkable resistance for high loads, openingup a new frontier for oil pumping operations.
HOLLOROD™ SERIESTenaris R&D team developed the HolloRod™Series, a technological breakthrough especiallydesigned to resist high-torsion loads. This lineof products not only increases the reliability ofProgressive Cavity Pumping but also reducesoperating costs and adds versatility to welloperations, allowing production through thetubing / rod annulus and fluids injectionthrough the rod string interior.
TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS
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Tenaris manufactures the industry’s most comprehensive range of sucker rods for demanding well conditions.
Full Product Range
MAIN FEATURES
THREAD TYPE PREMIUM CONNECTION
APPLICATION BEAM PUMPING - PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
ROD BODY DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) 1 (25.4)
PIN DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) (*) 1 (25.4)
LENGHT (**) [FT (M)] 2 TO 8 (0.61 TO 2.44) - 25 (7.62) - 30 (9.14)
GRADE D BLUEROD™ - KD BLUEROD™
BlueRodTM Premium Sucker Rod
MAIN FEATURES
THREAD TYPE HOLLORODTM 1000 HOLLORODTM 1500 HOLLORODTM 2500
APPLICATION PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
ROD BODY DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 1.92 (48.8) 1.92 (48.8) 1.92 (48.8)
PIN DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 1.92 (48.8) 1.92 (48.8) 2.36 (60.0)
LENGHT (**) [FT (M)] 2 TO 8 (0.61 TO 2.44) - 28 TO 32 (8.53 TO 9.75)
GRADE HOLLORODTM SERIES
HolloRodTM Series
MAIN FEATURES
THREAD TYPE API MODIFIED
APPLICATION PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
ROD BODY DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 1 (25.4) 1 1/4 (31.8) 1 1/4 (31.8) 1 1/2 (38.1)
PIN DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 7/8 (22.2) 1 (25.4) 1 1/8 (28.6) 1 1/8 (28.6)
LENGHT (**) [FT (M)] 2 TO 12 (0.61 TO 3.66) - 25 (7.62)
GRADE D ALLOY - KD - D SPECIAL - MMS - UHS
X-Torque Rod
MAIN FEATURES
THREAD TYPE API
APPLICATION BEAM PUMPING - PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
ROD BODY DIAMETER [INCH] 5/8 (15.9) 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) 1 (25.4) 1 1/8 (28.6)
PIN DIAMETER [INCH] 5/8 (15.9) 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) (*) 1 (25.4) 1 1/8 (28.6)
LENGHT (**) [FT] 2 TO 12 (0.61 TO 3.66) - 25 (7.62) - 30 (9.14)
GRADE MMS - UHS - PLUS
High Strength Rod
MAIN FEATURES
THREAD TYPE API
APPLICATION BEAM PUMPING - PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
ROD BODY DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 5/8 (15.9) 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) 1 (25.4) 1 1/8 (28.6)
PIN DIAMETER [IN (MM)] 5/8 (15.9) 3/4 (19.1) 7/8 (22.2) 1 (25.4) 1 1/8 (28.6)
LENGHT (**) [FT (M)] 2 TO 12 (0.61 TO 3.66) - 25 (7.62) - 30 (9.14)
GRADE C - K - D CARBON - D ALLOY - KD - D SPECIAL
Conventional Rod
(*) 7/8” BlueRodTM & 7/8” Grade Plus Rods have a reinforced wrench square with dimensions larger than API.(**) Special lenght pony rods are only available upon request.
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Tenaris has a line of high-strength sucker rods that offers unparalleledperformance in deep and high-flow wells.
HIGH RESISTANCE CRITICAL SERVICE (MMS-NR)
Manufactured in AISI 4138 Mod. steel to providehigh mechanical strength. Compared with AISI4330 steel, it offers more resistance to sulphidestress cracking. Produced from a chromium-molybdenum alloy steel with no nickel. Heat treatment: normalized and tempered.Recommended for deep well applications withhigh loads. Corrosion inhibition is suggested toimprove performance.
ULTRA HIGH STRENGTH (UHS)
Manufactured in AISI 4330 Mod. alloy steel,with nickel-chrome and molybdenum. Heat treatment: normalized and tempered.Recommended for non-corrosive wells withvery high loads.
PLUS ROD
Manufactured in AISI 1530 Mod. steel. Heat treatment: quenched external surface whilethe core remains un-tempered. The externalmartensitic layer creates a permanent state ofcompression in the rod’s surface, which resultsin high resistance to fatigue.Recommended for deep well applications withhigh flow rates effectively inhibited.
Proprietary Steel Grades
PROPRIETARY
STEEL GRADES
Developed to meet
demanding requirements.
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GRADES FOR PREMIUM PRODUCTS
For BlueRodTM products, Tenaris offers twograde options to suit different service condi-tions: D BlueRod™ and KD BlueRod™ –both normalized and tempered. HolloRodTM Series products are manufacturedfrom seamless pipes that combine a low-alloy chromium-molybdenum steel with aquenched and tempered heat treatment, resulting in a refined microstructure with excellent mechanical properties.
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Tenaris supplies API sucker rods manufactured in standard steel grades suiting varying load types and corrosion levels.
API Steel Grades
GRADE C
Designed for wells with low and medium loads,non-corrosive or effectively inhibited.Manufactured in AISI 1530 Mod. steel.
GRADE K
Designed for low and medium loads incorrosive wells where inhibition isrecommended. Manufactured in AISI 4621Mod. steel.
GRADE D CARBON
Designed for non-corrosive or effectivelyinhibited wells with moderate loads.Manufactured in AISI 1530 Mod. micro-alloysteel(*).
GRADE D ALLOY
Designed for moderate to high loads in non-corrosive or effectively inhibited wells.Manufactured in AISI 4142 steel.
GRADE KD
Designed for corrosive wells where inhibition is recommended, with moderate loads.Manufactured in AISI 4320 Mod. steel.
GRADE D SPECIAL
Designed for moderate to high loads in non-corrosive or effectively inhibited wells.Manufactured in AISI 4330 Mod. steel.
(*) Only under special request.
CHEMICAL API STEEL GRADES PROPRIETARY STEEL GRADES BY TENARISCOMPOSITION C K D CARBON D ALLOY KD D SPECIAL PLUS UHS MMS D KD HOLLORODTM
1530M 4621M 1530M 4142M 4320M 4330M 1530M 4330M 4138M BLUEROD™ BLUEROD™ SERIES
C 0.31-0.36 0.18-0.25 0.31-0.36 0.40-0.45 0.18-0.25 0.29-0.37 0.31-0.36 0.29-0.37 0.36-0.43 0.40-0.45 0.18-0.25 0.20-0.25
Mn 1.40-1.60 0.70-1.00 1.40-1.60 0.75-1.00 0.80-1.00 0.70-0.95 1.40-1.60 0.70-0.95 1.10-1.40 0.75-1.00 0.80-1.00 0.50-0.70
S 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX
P 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX 0.025 MAX
Si 0.25-0.40 0.15-0.30 0.25-0.40 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35 0.25-0.40 0.15-0.35 0.20-0.40 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35 0.15-0.35
Ni 0.15 MAX 1.65-2.00 0.15 MAX 0.25 MAX 1.15-1.50 1.65-2.00 0.15 MAX 1.65-2.00 0.30 MAX 0.25 MAX 1.15-1.50 0.15 MAX
Cr 0.20 MAX 0.30 MAX 0.20 MAX 0.80-1.10 0.70-0.90 0.80-1.10 0.20 MAX 0.80-1.10 0.50-0.90 0.80-1.10 0.70-0.90 0.8-1.1
Mo 0.05 MAX 0.20-0.30 0.05 MAX 0.15-0.25 0.20-0.30 0.20-0.30 0.05 MAX 0.20-0.30 0.25-0.50 0.15-0.25 0.20-0.30 0.65-0.80
V 0.10-0.15 - 0.10-0.15 - 0.03-0.07 0.035-0.100 0.10-0.15 0.035-0.100 0.04-0.07 - 0.03-0.07 0.03 MAX
Nb - - - - - - - - 0.02-0.05 - - 0.020-0.035
Al 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.05 0.01-0.06 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.06 0.01-0.07 0.01-0.04 0.01-0.05 0.01-0.05
Cu 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX 0.25 MAX
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
YS (KSI) 60 MIN 60 MIN 85 MIN 100* 85 MIN 100* 115 MIN 115 MIN 115 MIN 100 MIN 85 MIN 140 MIN
UTS (KSI) 90-115 90-115 115-140 120-140 115-140 125-140 140-160 140-160 138-155 125-140 115-140 147 MIN
HEAT TREATMENT
NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED NORMALIZED QUENCHED
TEMPERED FORCED TEMPERED TEMPERED TEMPERED SURFACE TEMPERED TEMPERED TEMPERED TEMPERED TEMPEREDCOOLING QUENCHED
The values appearing in this brochure are reference values and Tenaris reserves the right to modify them according to internal specifications without prior notice.(*) Typical value. Tenaris guarantees an 85 ksi minimum yield strength as specified in API 11B specifications.
Chemical Composition and Mechanical Properties
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Application Guide
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Beam Pumping Solutions
STRING CONFIGURATION FOR BEAM PUMPING
APPLICATIONS
In beam pumping systems, the mechanicalenergy of the prime mover on the surface istransmitted through the sucker rod string to thedown-hole pump assembly. The produced fluid(generally an emulsion of crude oil and water)is lifted by the pump and channeled to thesurface through the production tubing.
As operators move forward with thedevelopment of increasingly demanding fieldsrequiring deeper wells and higher productionflows, artificial lifting systems fitted withconventional sucker rods are being pushed totheir operational limits.
Responding to this demand, Tenaris developedthe BlueRodTM premium sucker rod. Speciallydesigned for high loads, its advanced technologyimproves fatigue life while providing excellentperformance in the field.
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PRODUCT THREAD TYPE STEEL GRADE
BLUERODTM PREMIUM SUCKER RODS PREMIUM CONNECTION PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS D BLUEROD™ - KD BLUEROD™
CONVENTIONAL SUCKER RODS API API STEEL GRADES C - K - D CARBON - D ALLOY - KD - D SPECIAL
PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS UHS - MMS - PLUS
LOAD TYPE (*) BLUERODTM PREMIUM HIGH STRENGTH API RODSSUCKER ROD RODS
D KD PLUS UHS MMS C K D D KD D BLUEROD™ BLUEROD™ CARBON ALLOY SPECIAL
LOW • •MODERATE • • • • • HIGH • • • • • • VERY HIGH • MAKE-UP LOW LOW HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGH HIGHOVERTORQUE RISK
CORROSION MEDIUM HIGH LOW LOW LOW LOW HIGH LOW MEDIUM HIGH LOWPERFORMANCE (**)
Beam Pumping Products
Beam Pumping Rod Selection Guide
(*) Typical Sucker Rod Load Condition:Low: Depth: <1700 mts; TSmin: 5.0 ksi; TSmax: 22.7 ksi; Flow: 60m3Medium: Depth: 1700-2300 mts; TSmin: 7.0 ksi; TSmax: 29.5 ksi; Flow: 100m3High: Depth: 2300-2600 mts; TSmin: 10.0 ksi; TSmax: 48.5 ksi; Flow: 120m3Very High: Depth: 2600-3000 mts; TSmin: 12.0 ksi; TSmax: 53.0 ksi; Flow: 140m3These values are for general reference only. Detailed rod selection should always be based on specific well conditions.
(**) Tenaris recommends effective corrosion inhibition.
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Progressive Cavity Pumping (PCP) Solutions
In PCP systems, an electric motor on thesurface is used to rotate a sucker rod string,which in turn transmits this rotational motionto a screw-type pump – causing the fluidcontained in a cavity to flow upwards.The performance and durability of the rodstring is heavily dependant on its ability towithstand the ensuing torque stresses. The API11B standard, which is used in the design ofconventional sucker rods, only providesspecification for axial loads.
Often conventional sucker rods were beingsubjected to greater loads than they had beendesigned to withstand. Having detected theneed for a technological breakthrough, Tenarisintroduced the HolloRodTM Series, a productspecifically designed to resist the high-torqueloads typical of modern PCP systems.
Other Tenaris solutions for PCP applicationsinclude the X-Torque rods (featuring a modifiedpin that increases torque capacity) and theBlueRodTM premium sucker rod, whoseinnovative connection design reduces the risk ofover-torque during make-up.
TUBING OD RECOMMENDED TORQUE BLUERODTM HOLLORODTM X-TORQUE CONVENTIONALSF=0,8 FOR CONVENTIONAL PREMIUM SERIES RODS RODS
& X-TORQUE RODS SUCKER RODS
[INCH] [LBS.FT]
2 3/8 300-650 • • •
2 7/8 650-1000 • • • •
1000-2000 • •
3 1/2 1000-1500 • • •
1500-2000 • •
2000-3000 • •
BACKSPIN EFFECT RISK MEDIUM LOW HIGH HIGH
STICK -SLIP EFFECT RISK MEDIUM LOW HIGH HIGH
MAKE-UP OVERTORQUE RISK LOW LOW HIGH HIGH
TUBING AND ROD WEAR RATE HIGH LOW HIGH HIGH
THREAD RECOVERY NO YES NO NO
PRODUCT THREAD TYPE STEEL GRADE
BLUERODTM PREMIUM SUCKER RODS PREMIUM CONNECTION PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS D BLUEROD™ - KD BLUEROD™
HOLLORODTM SERIES PREMIUM CONNECTION PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS HOLLORODTM SERIES
X-TORQUE RODS API MODIFIED API STEEL GRADES K- D ALLOY - KD - D SPECIAL
PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS UHS - MMS
CONVENTIONAL SUCKER RODS API API STEEL GRADES K- D ALLOY - KD - D SPECIAL
PROPRIETARY GRADES BY TENARIS UHS - MMS
Progressive Cavity Pumping Products
Progressive Cavity Pumping Rod Selection Guide
These values are for general reference only. Detailed rod selection should always be based on specific well conditions.
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String configurations with HolloRodTM Series
OIL PRODUCTION THROUGH THE TUBING /
HOLLOW ROD ANNULUS
HolloRodTM Series rods make operations morereliable and safer. Thanks to their unique design,rods can withstand higher torque loads. Beingmore rigid than conventional products, hollowrods accumulate less energy in the string andsignificantly reduce the probability of backspineffects, enhancing safety at the rig.
OIL PRODUCTION THROUGH BOTH THE TUBING /
HOLLOW ROD ANNULUS AND THE ROD STRING INTERIOR
This configuration increases production flowarea. It is mainly recommended with HolloRodTM 1000 and HolloRodTM 1500 rodsinstalled in 2 7/8” (73 mm) tubing, and shouldnot be used for viscous oil pumping.
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OIL PRODUCTION THROUGH THE TUBING / HOLLOW
ROD ANNULUS AND INJECTION OF FLUIDS THROUGH
THE ROD STRING INTERIOR
One of the alternatives that HolloRodTM
technology enables is the injection of fluids into the rod string. This improves injectionefficiency, since fluids come into direct contactwith the flowing oil – making injection pipesand capillaries unnecessary.
FLUID INJECTION IN BATCHES THROUGH THE
HOLLOW ROD
This is a modification of the previous optionthat allows the injection of fluids through thehollow rod string in batches. When the injectionprogram is not being used, produced oil can belifted through both the hollow rod string and theannular space between the tubing and the rodstring, increasing flow area.
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Rods by Technology
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BLU
ERO
DTM
PREM
IUM
SU
CK
ER R
OD
BlueRodTM
Premium Sucker Rod
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Improved stress distribution.
Fewer stress concentration points.
Tapered trapezium thread
profile.
Diametrical interference increases
the working capacity.
Flank-to-flank contact reduces
the loosening tendency.
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2
2
FEATURES
Designed to withstand very highfatigue loads.Diametrical interference that createsa better stress distribution, reducingstress concentration areas. No gap between threads thatreduces the connection looseningtendency.Reduction of plastic deformationduring both make-up andoperation.Fast and easy make-up with nocross-threading risk.
APPLICATIONS
Deep wells with high flows(replacing electro submersiblepumps).Wells requiring small-diameterrods.Applications limited by rod stringweight.Progressive Cavity Pumpingapplications.
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Technical Characteristics
Tenaris’s BlueRodTM premium sucker rod overcomes the limitations of conventional rodconnection design, offering an increased stringworking capacity. The premium connection improves the fatigue life of sucker rods whileproviding excellent field performance.
Up to now, a large number of beam pumpingfailures were traceable to the connection of thesucker rod. Tenaris’s new rod offers 100% connection efficiency, opening up a new frontierfor oil pumping operations.
Tenaris’s BlueRodTM technology is produced from two special grades of low-alloy steel: D BlueRod™ (chromium-molybdenum low-alloysteel) and KD BlueRod™ (nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloy steel); both with normalizedand tempered heat treatment.
IMPROVED PERFORMANCE
The ability of BlueRodTM technology to increasestring capacity is fundamentally driven by theadoption of new design technologies, supportedby results obtained from:
Thread design through Finite Element Analysis.Full scale laboratory tests.Customer field trials.Laboratory failure analysis.
HANDLING AND OPERATIONS
No special tools are necessary for handling ormake-up operations when installing BlueRodTM
products. Conventional power sucker rod tongsand elevators can be used with this product.
ACCESSORIES
As part of its integrated manufacturing process,Tenaris produces all accessories needed for thesetting up of BlueRodTM premium sucker rods,including crossovers, pony rods and couplings.
ROD SIZE AVAILABLE LENGTH COUPLING OD THREAD PITCH WRENCH SQUARE
[INCH] [FT] [MTS] [TPI]
3/4 25 / 30 7.62 / 9.15 FULL SIZE / SLIM HOLE 10 API
7/8 25 / 30 7.62 / 9.15 FULL SIZE / SLIM HOLE 6 REINFORCED
1 25 / 30 7.62 / 9.15 SLIM HOLE 6 API
Premium Connection Technical Specifications
BLU
ERO
DTM
PREM
IUM
SU
CK
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OD
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Advantages
INCREASED OPERATIONAL RANGE
As BlueRodTM premium sucker rods are able towithstand higher stress levels than conventionalsucker rods, their use expands the workingcapacity of conventional beam pumpingsystems to include operations normally onlypossible with the aid of electro submersiblepumps.
INCREASED PRODUCTION FLOWS
By combining a larger pump, larger strokelength and higher pumping speed, customerscan increase production flows.
MANUFACTURING & QUALITY CONTROL
Tenaris uses state-of-the-art numerical controllathes and control gauges in order to ensure thehighest quality in its connections.
Strict measurement equipment permanentlymonitors compliance with the design variablesof the thread in order to ensure the uniformityand reliability of the product.
REDUCED OPERATIONAL COSTS
The deployment of BlueRodTM technology has a direct impact on operational costs, asworkover operations caused by sucker rodconnection failures are drastically reduced. The pump jack’s energy consumption and stress levels can also be lowered by installing a lighter rod string.
INCREASED CONNECTION RELIABILITY IN
PCP APPLICATIONS
Combining the diametrical interference of thethread, and its stronger profile, BlueRodTM
technology offers higher torque resistance thanconventional products.
The connection make-up torque requirementsare up to 10% higher than conventionalproducts. This reduces the probability of thebackspin effect, since a higher torque is requiredto break out the connection.
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PREMIUM CONNECTION
BlueRodTM premium sucker rods
undergo strict quality controls.
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BLU
ERO
DTM
PREM
IUM
SU
CK
ER R
OD
API ROD BLUEROD™ PREMIUM SUCKER ROD
BlueRodTM Design Advantages
FLANK-TO-FLANK CONTACTReduction of the loosening tendency.
Gap
IMPROVED STRESS DISTRIBUTIONStress distribution diagram at 100% Goodman.
Relative principalstresses Tpi/Ty
(Ty = 59.77 kg/mm2)
1.125
0.9000.6750.4500.2250.000-0.225-0.450
PLASTIC DEFORMATIONS REDUCTIONPlastic deformationsat 100% Goodman.
Plastic Strain (%)
11
67432717110.710.45
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PREMIUM CONNECTION DESIGN IMPROVEMENTS
Flank-to-flank contact eliminates the gap thatexists in API thread profiles, reducing theloosening tendency.
Cut-tapered trapezium thread profile withdiametrical interference improves stressdistribution after make-up and during operation.
API design limitations have been overcome bythe significant reduction of critical stress areasafforded by the BlueRodTM premium rod.
-550.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4
-45
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
API DESIGN
Distance from the Edge (mm)
Sin
es F
atig
ue
Co
effi
cien
t, D
Zone B Zone CZone A
Zone D Zone E
BLUERODTM DESIGN
Zone B Zone CZone A
Zone D Zone E
0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40
Sine
s Fa
tigu
e Co
effi
cien
t, D
Distance from the Edge (mm)
5.0
10.0
15.0
0.0
-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
0.00-25.0
STRESS CALCULATION
Based on the results obtained through FiniteElement Analysis (FEA), lab tests and field trials, anew Goodman diagram showing a higher workingcapacity for the D BlueRodTM rods was generated.
The diagram shows the BlueRodTM premium rodhas a higher working capacity and higher fatigueresistance than regular high-strength rods.
MULTIAXIAL STRESS FATIGUE ANALYSIS
The Sines method was employed to evaluatefatigue behavior. The Sines coefficient predicts abetter fatigue behavior the higher its value. Thecharts show that the new premium connectionexhibits higher and more uniform values thanthose of conventional rod connections.
API Design BlueRodTM Design
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone D
Zone E
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone D
Zone E
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100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
0
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 10090
NEW MODIFIED GOODMAN DIAGRAM
Smax
(K
si)
Smin (Ksi)0
D High Resistance
Smin BlueRodTM Premium Sucker Rod
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Flush Connections HolloRodTM 1000 & 1500
HolloRodTM Series
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Internal Near Flush connection
to reduce fluid turbulence.
Internal conical bore on nipple.
Tapered thread profile with
flank / valley contact.
Differential taper in nipple
& rod thread.
Angled torque shoulder provides
high torque capacity for rotating
applications.
1
2
3
1
2
3
FEATURES
External Flush connection to minimize rod/tubing wear,extending tubing life.Internal Near Flush connection to reduce fluid turbulence.Fast and easy make-up with no cross-threading risk. Low make-up pin stress.Manufactured from a quenched & tempered high-strength seamless pipe.
APPLICATIONS
Deep wells.Deviated / directional wells.Offshore platforms.Thermal wells.Injection / production through the hollow rod.Velocity string.Sand cleaning.
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Near Flush Connections HolloRodTM 2500
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External Near Flush
connection with larger OD
to increase torque capacity.
Tapered thread profile with
flank/valley contact.
Differential taper in nipple
& rod thread.
Internal conical bore on nipple.
Angled torque shoulder provides
high torque capacity for rotating
applications.
1
2
3
1
2
3
FEATURES
External Near Flush connection to minimize rod/tubing wear,extending tubing life.Fast and easy make-up with nocross-threading risk.Torque driven connection make-up.Manufactured from a quenched & tempered high-strength seamlesspipe.Box-box ends with nipple connectors.
APPLICATIONS
Deep wells with high flow rates.Deviated / directional wells.Viscous oil production.Very high torque operations.Injection / production through thehollow rod.
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Technical Characteristics
Developed by Tenaris to maximize wellperformance in Progressive Cavity Pumpingapplications, HolloRodTM Series is ideallysuited for working under high torque loads,offering more fatigue resistance thanconventional rods.
HolloRodTM Series rods have box-box ends that connect between each other via pin-pinnipples.
HANDLING AND OPERATIONS
As HolloRodTM Series rods are manufacturedfrom seamless steel pipes, they can be run in a similar way and using the same type ofequipment as regular tubing. No specialelevator or rig specifications are required.
For further details on running recommendationsfor this product, please refer to the RunningOperations chapter on page 53.
PRODUCT PIPE OUTER PIPE UPSET OUTER MAX. WORKING METRIC WEIGHT JOINT MIN MINIMUM Ø THICKNESS Ø TORQUE (*) WITHOUT NIPPLE INT. Ø TUBING SIZE
[MM (IN)] [MM (IN)] [MM (IN)] [ N.M (LB.FT)] [KG/M (LB/FT)] [MM (IN)] [MM (IN)]
HOLLORODTM 1000 48.8 (1.9) 6.7 (0.26) NON UPSET 1356 (1000) 6.95 (4.6) 20 (0.79) 73 (2 7/8)
HOLLORODTM 1500 48.8 (1.9) 6.7 (0.26) NON UPSET 2034 (1500) 6.95 (4.6) 18 (0.71) 73 (2 7/8)
HOLLORODTM 2500 48.8 (1.9) 6.7 (0.26) 60 (2.36) 3390 (2500) 6.95 (4.6) 20 (0.79) 89 (3 1/2)
(*) Tenaris recommends using a 0.9 safety factor to maximize fatigue resistance.
HolloRodTM Series Technical Specifications
HO
LLO
ROD
TMSE
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Advantages
INCREASED TORQUE RESISTANCE
Due to a series of design innovations on theirthread profile and torque shoulder elements,HolloRodTM Series products are able to workunder both high and very high torque loads. This makes them ideally suited for applicationswhere reduced flow area is an issue.
REDUCED BACKSPIN EFFECT
The rotation force used to drive ProgressiveCavity Pumping systems generates anaccumulation of elastic energy in the sucker rodstring. Whenever the system needs to be stoppedfor workover operations, this energy is suddenlyreleased. Known as “backspin effect”, suchphenomenon can lead to potential accidents atthe wellhead. It can also cause connections toloosen, making them more prone to failure.
Since HolloRod™ Series rods have highertorsional stiffness than conventional products,they accumulate less energy in the string,significantly reducing backspin effects. Forinstance, while a 1,000 m string made up with 11/8” sucker rods will accumulate 41 turns ofelastic deformation, a string of equal lengthassembled with HolloRodTM 1000 rods will onlyaccumulate eight turns.
REDUCED STICK-SLIP EFFECT
The higher body torsional stiffness obtained bythe rod’s hollow structure also translates into amore effective and constant torque transmission,with a consequent reduction of the stick-slip effect.
LOW OVER-TORQUE RISK
Unlike the make-up operation of API rods, whosecontrol is based on monitoring circumferentialdisplacement, HolloRodTM Series rods are madeup by monitoring torque. This ensures thatconsistent make-up torque values are achieved,reducing the possibility of over-torque or theneed of adjustments during string operation.
INCREASED PRODUCTION FLOW RATE
Thanks to the hollow structure of the rod,fluids can be lifted through both the rod interiorand the annular space between the tubing andthe rod string, increasing the flow area.
REDUCED ROD/TUBING WEAR
A frequent problem associated with conventionalrods is that, since their couplings have a biggerOD than rod body, rod string/tubing friction isconcentrated in certain areas close to rodcouplings. This produces localized wear in thetubing wall, which can ultimately lead to holes.
HolloRodTM 1000 and HolloRodTM 1500 havebeen designed with a flush connection thatdistributes side loads much more evenlythroughout the length of the tubing. Thisdesign decreases wear concentration damages,maximizing tubing lifespan. The Near Flushconnection of HolloRodTM 2500 rods also helpsextend tubing life by distributing side loadsmore evenly than API couplings do.
FLUIDS INJECTION
The interior of HolloRodTM Series rods can be used to inject fluids to any desired depth.Taking advantage of this unique feature allowsoperators to eliminate injection pipes andcapillaries, reducing operational complexityand costs. Tenaris provides all the requiredaccessories for this application.
MATERIAL RECOVERY
Should cross-threading, over-torque or anyother incident damage the thread of aHolloRodTM 1000 or HolloRodTM 1500, the connection can be cut out and the rod re-threaded.
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X-Torque Rod
X-T
ORQ
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ROD
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Pin end featuring larger threaded
section than conventional rod
connections to increase torque
resistance.
Non-phosphatized coupling shoulder.
Reduced connection OD to increase
flowing area.
1
2
FEATURES
Larger threaded section. Larger rod body diameters (1 1/4” and 1 1/2”) to increasesucker rod torque capacity.Conventional thread design fully compatible with regular API couplings.Both API and high-strength steel grades available.
APPLICATIONS
Progressive Cavity Pumpingsystems.High torque applications.Deep wells with high flow.Slightly deviated wells.
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X-T
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Technical Characteristics
X-Torque rods offer increased torque capacityby incorporating a modified pin end with alarger threaded section than conventional rods.
X-Torque rods are full-length normalized, air-quenched and tempered – producing a high-quality, refined and homogenized steelgrain structure as a result. They are available inAPI and high-strength steel grades.
Tenaris recommends the use of slim-holecouplings with non-phosphatized contact facesin order to maximize flow area and increase thetorque capacity of the connection.
Make-up procedures do not differ from thosefollowed in standard sucker rod running jobs.
INCREASED CONNECTION TORQUE CAPACITY
The modified pin with its larger threaded sectionincreases the connection’s torque capacity overconventional API rods.
INCREASED OVERALL ROD TORQUE CAPACITY
As the X-Torque connection offers highertorque capacity than the rod body, overalltorque resistance of the rod can be increased by selecting a larger-diameter body.
IMPROVED TUBING FLOW AREA FOR 1” RODS
In X-Torque rods, the external diameter of thepin is always smaller than that of the rod body.Instead of producing a well with 1” conventionalrods, operators can choose to produce with 1” X-Torque rods – which come equipped with7/8” pin ends. Two main benefits can be derivedfrom this:
The possibility of running 1” rods in 2 3/8” tubing.A flow loss reduction in the rod’s connectionarea.
PRODUCT [MM^2] [IN^2]
1” CONVENTIONAL API ROD 1,000 1.551
1" X-TORQUE ROD (PIN 7/8”) 1,686 2.613
(*) Reference values for 2 7/8” tubing with 62 mm Internal Diameter.
Minimum Flow Area Comparison (*)
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Accessories
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Rod Guides
Each year, oil field operators using BeamPumping (BP) and Progressive Cavity Pumping(PCP) systems increase operational costsassociated with rod/tubing friction and paraffindeposition in production tubing.
Tenaris has developed a series of rod guidesthat are molded directly onto the rod body tocontrol this threat. Our rod guides for BP andPCP applications come in a wide range ofmaterials.
Combined with the use of rotators, rod guidesprovide effective paraffin and wear control.All Tenaris’s rod guides incorporate designfeatures that help maximize their contact areaagainst the tubing while providing maximumfluid flow.
GUIDES CHARACTERISTICS
Our rod guides are manufactured from twotypes of materials specifically selected to ensuretheir optimum performance and long lifespan:Polyamide 66 and Poliphenylene Sulfide (PPS).
ADVANTAGES
Rod/tubing wear protection
Inevitably, frictions between individual suckerrods and the production tubing produce severewear of both strings. This problem is magnifiedin deviated wells (particularly those exhibitinghigh dogleg severity) and in sections where thestring is exposed to high compression loads.
Tenaris’s rod guides center the rod string andguide it smoothly through the tubing, avoidingmetal-to-metal contact and absorbing the lateralloads that cause premature wear of couplings,rods and tubing. As a result, operators can expecta longer lifespan for both their sucker rod andtubing installations.
ROD GUIDES
Molded directly on the rod
body, guides offer true
protection for the tubing.
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Displacement resistance
Given that our rod guides are molded directlyonto the rod body, they are highly resistant toaxial displacement.
Paraffin control
Paraffin concentration on tubing walls is aproblem that pushes up costs in two ways – itcarries production losses and it requires wellinterventions. Tenaris's rod guides control paraffin by:
Combining rod guides for beam pumping withrod rotators so that each tubing joint is fullyswept with each pump stroke.
Using PCP rod guides with their helical bladeseffectively acting as scrappers in beam pumpingsystems.
Improved corrosion control
The use of our rod guides provides great help inoperators’ efforts to protect their wells fromcorrosion by improving the effectiveness of filmprotectors applied in friction areas.
Reduced operational costs
Significant cost savings are achieved as a directresult of the above-mentioned operationaladvantages:
Longer installation lifecycles;Lower intervention rates;Lower production losses.
PROPERTY POLYAMIDE 66 (PA 66) POLIPHENYLENE SULFIDE (PPS) POLYPHTHALAMIDE (PPA)
COLOR BLACK WHITE BLACK
MAXIMUM SERVICE TEMPERATURE 80°C 200°C 165ºC
DYNAMIC FRICTION COEFFICIENT 0.2 0.3 0.25
FIBERGLASS COMPONENT 0% 40% 33%
WELL CONDITIONS POLYAMIDE 66 (PA 66) POLIPHENYLENE SULFIDE (PPS) POLYPHTHALAMIDE (PPA)
“HOT OIL” NO YES YES
SAND YES YES YES
SWEET ENVIRONMENT YES YES YES
ACID ENVIRONMENT NO YES YES
AQUEOUS ENVIRONMENT NO YES YES
BACTERIAL ENVIRONMENT YES YES YES
Rod Guide Properties
Recommended Applications
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Couplings
We provide a complete line of couplings andsub-couplings for sucker rods and polishedrods. They are available in reduced slim-hole(SH) diameters and normal full size (FS)diameters for both API and high-strength(UHS) versions.
Tenaris’s couplings are manufactured fromquenched and tempered seamless steel pipesproduced at our mills. The quality of Tenarissteel – combined with a cold-rolled threadingprocess performed by computerized numericcontrol lathes – ensures our couplings enhancedfatigue resistance.
For Progressive Cavity Pumping applications,our couplings can be produced withoutphosphatized shoulders.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES
Each coupling class can be produced from achoice of different steel grades, as follows:
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION T SM UHS
4140M 8630M 1530M 1530M 8630M
C 0.380-0.430 0.028-0.033 0.320-0.350 0.320-0.350 0.028-0.033
P 0.020 MAX 0.020 MAX 0.020 MAX 0.020 MAX 0.020 MAX
CR 0.800-1.100 0.400-0.600 0.100 MAX 0.100 MAX 0.400-0.600
MO 0.150-0.250 0.150-0.250 0.050 MAX 0.050 MAX 0.150-0.250
SI 0.150-0.350 0.150-0.350 0.250-0.330 0.250-0.330 0.150-0.350
MN 0.750-1.000 0.700-0.900 1.450-1.550 1.450-1.550 0.700-0.900
S (*) 0.020 MAX 0.020 MAX 0.015 MAX 0.015 MAX 0.020 MAX
NI - 0.400-0.700 - - 0.400-0.700
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
HARDNESS (HRA) 56-62 56-62 64-68
SURFACE HARDNESS - 595 HV200 MIN -
(*) Reference values.
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T COUPLINGS
Manufactured under API specifications. Theirmaterial hardness is between 56 and 62 HRA,with a maximum of 0.05% of sulfur in the steel.
SPRAY METAL (SM) COUPLINGS
Spray Metal is a superficial hardening processin which a powder mix of nickel, chrome,boron and silicon is applied to the base metaland is then melted. This results in a hard, denseand uniform surface with a low frictioncoefficient and high corrosion resistance.
The superficial coating has a minimum hardnessof 595 HRV200, a thickness of between 0.01” and0.02” (0.254 to 0.508mm), and covers the fullexternal diameter of the coupling.
SM couplings are manufactured under APIspecifications. Under special customer request,Tenaris can guarantee a minimal surfaceroughness value (8 µinch Ra) to help reducecoupling/tubing wear.
UHS COUPLINGS
Following the development of high-strength-grade sucker rods, the next step was theintroduction of couplings offering highermechanical strength. Tenaris responded to thisindustry need by developing the UHS specialcouplings.
Manufactured from quenched and temperedmicroalloyed steel, they have been designed tobe used in effectively inhibited corrosive wellsunder very high loads – either with grade D orhigh-strength sucker rods.
COUPLINGS
Manufactured from seamless steel pipes produced by Tenaris.
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Pony rods are used to space out the sucker rodinstallation. Complying with the same strictquality requirements that we apply to our lineof sucker rods, we provide pony rods measuring2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 feet, available in a variety of steel grades, rod body diameters and threads.Other lengths can also be manufactured inaccordance with customer specifications.
Pony Rods
PONY RODS
Available in a variety ofsteel grades and rod bodydiameters.
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Sinkers bars are an important accessory in theoptimization of sucker rod string design, asthey help reduce compressive loads.
Generated during the downstroke, compressiveloads produce a buckling effect on the suckerrods, which causes connections to loosen andmay lead to premature fatigue failure of pins
and couplings. To mitigate such effect, sinkerbars are placed in sections of the string wherecompressive loads tend to appear (usually at thebottom of the string). This ensures that suckerrods are maintained under tensile load duringthe pumping cycle, compensating for thecompression forces.
PRODUCT RANGE
Manufactured under API specifications, Tenaris offers standard sinker bars withdiameters of 1 1/4” to 1 5/8”. Their ends arefully machined and their threads laminated toincrease fatigue resistance.
Tenaris has also developed a special 1 1/8”sinker bar, manufactured under general APIspecifications. For this product, a 1 1/8” head isforged but a 7/8” pin with laminated thread ismachined. As a result, these special sinker barscan be installed in 2 7/8” tubing. Their greatermetric weight and passage area characteristicsmake them ideally suited for viscous oilrecovery.
ADVANTAGES
Reduces compressive loads on the sucker rodstring.Mitigates buckling effects, reducing rod/tubingwear, connection loosening problems andpremature fatigue failure of pins and couplings.
Increases the effectiveness of piston stroke, which in turn increases flow production.
Sinker Bars
REQUIREMENTS RECOMMENDED CHEMICAL MINIMUM GRADE COMPOSITION UTS
LOW LOADS IN NON-CORROSIVE OR EFFECTIVELY INHIBITED ENVIRONMENTS GRADE I AISI 10XX 90 KSI
MODERATE LOADS IN NON-CORROSIVE OR EFFECTIVELY INHIBITED ENVIRONMENTS GRADE II AISI 43XX / 46XX 90 KSI
HIGH LOADS IN NON-CORROSIVE OR EFFECTIVELY INHIBITED ENVIRONMENTS GRADE III AISI 41XX 115 KSI
Sinker Bar Technical Specifications
SINKER BARS
Used to reduce compressive loads.
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Friction between rod couplings and tubinggradually wears both elements until one ofthem eventually fails. To protect installations,Tenaris has developed a line of guidedcouplings for beam pumping and progressivecavity pumping systems that can be injectedwith special polymers.
BEAM PUMPING
Specially designed for beam pumpingapplications, Tenaris manufactures couplingswith a molded-on guide that reduces metal-to-metal contact.
We recommend the use of this product incombination with guided sucker rods (a deviationsurvey is also recommended in all cases).
PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPING
Specially designed for PCP applications, couplings are produced in 6” length with an injected guide measuring 4.4”.
This design leaves a space to handle thecoupling in case it needs to be freed from the rod. The polymer used in guided couplings is the same material used for rod guides.
Guided Couplings
GUIDED COUPLINGS
Available for both BP
and PCP applications.
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Tenaris offers a wide range of high-qualityaccessories to complement its line ofHolloRodTM Series rods.
HOLLORODTM NIPPLE
Specially designed to support a Flush or NearFlush external connection, the HolloRodTM
nipple can withstand a larger amount of torquethan standard sucker rod connections.
HOLLORODTM / API THREAD CROSSOVER
A crossover that allows standard API-threadedaccessories to be attached to hollow rods.
HOLLORODTM / HOLLORODTM CROSSOVER
This other crossover allows different models ofhollow rods to be connected between eachother.
INJECTION SWIVEL
The injection swivel allows fluids to be injectedinto the well through the hollow rod string.
CHECK VALVE
Installed either down-hole or at the wellhead,check valves are used to prevent production/injection fluids from entering/returning into the hollow rod string. This improves safety at the rig.
POLISHED HOLLOW ROD
The polished hollow rod provides an effectiveseal between the environment and theproduction fluids at the uppermost section ofthe hollow rod string.
SLOTTED PUP JOINT
Along with a check valve, the slotted pup jointallows fluids to be injected into the tubing atvarying depths. This is used to flush away sand,control corrosion, control paraffin deposition,reduce scale build-up or reduce heavy oilviscosity.
The device also makes it possible forproduction fluids to be simultaneously liftedthrough both the inside of the hollow rod stringand the tubing / rod string annulus.
Accessories for HolloRodTM Series
SLOTTED PUP JOINTS
Allow the injection of fluids
into the tubing.
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Running Operations
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BlueRodTM
Premium Sucker Rod
CLEANING
Follow the same cleaning recommendations asfor conventional sucker rods.
THREAD COMPOUND
To avoid galling, Tenaris recommends the useof API 5A3 running compound. Before usingany other compound, be sure to check withTenaris’s technical staff.
To apply the running compound, use a newbrush with clean, soft bristle (never use metallicbrushes or spatulas).
Thread compound should be applied as a con-tinuous film, starting from the thread root andcovering the entire pin. The outline of thethread form should remain clearly visible. It isvery important to keep both the rod and cou-pling shoulders free of running compound.
Keep the running compound container coveredin order to avoid contamination from dust,water, sand or other contaminants.
MAKE-UP
1. The initial torque should be applied using thehand tong, making sure that the right toolsize is used for each diameter.
2. Upon reaching the hand–tight position, thethreads have diametric interference. So, insteadof making contact, coupling and sucker rodshoulders should briefly remain in a standoff.
3.The torque to make shoulder contact shouldbe applied gently and gradually with thepower tong. A 0.05 mm (0.002 inch) gaugemust be used to check the proper shouldercontact.
4. When shoulders make contact, a vertical lineshould be marked on the pin and couplingshoulders.
5. Gradually apply torque until reaching thefinal circumferential displacement indicatedin the displacement card.
6. Repeat steps 1 to 5 every ten joints.
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Recommended Make-up Circumferential Displacement
CIRCUMFERENTIAL DISPLACEMENT CONNECTION WITH STAND OFF ≥ 1/8” CONNECTION WITH STAND OFF < 1/8”
[MM (IN)] MIN. [MM (IN)] MAX. [MM (IN)] MIN. [MM (IN)] MAX. [MM (IN)]
BLUEROD™ ROD 3/4” 5 (0.20) 7 (0.28) 7 (0.28) 9 (0.35)
7/8” 5 (0.20) 7 (0.28) 7 (0.28) 9 (0.35)
1” 6 (0.24) 8 (0.31) 8 (0.31) 10 (0.39)
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Step 1
Clean pins before make-up with solvents or biodegradable detergents and dry with compressed air.
Step 2
Apply API 5A3 dope on the pin, using a clean brush, and remove dope excess on flanks.
Step 4
Hoist up to the wellhead and make up the connection with a duckbill wrench, until the hand-tight position is reached.
Step 6
Circumferential displacement
Step 7
up r
ecom
mendations
DIS
PLA
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ME
NT
FO
RN
EC
TIO
N R
OD
S
1"
Apply torque until the maximum required in the displacement card is reached.
Check circumferential displacement, as required in the displacement card.
Step 5
Fine vertical line
Apply pressure with the power tongs until flank-to-flank contact is reached. Check flank-to-flank contact with a 0.05 mm gauge.
Step 3
On the pipe racks, manually buck the coupling on until the first threads are engaged.
Make-up Sequence for BlueRodTM Premium Sucker Rods
POWER TONG CALIBRATION
1. It is recommended to start setting a lowpressure value on the power tong hydrauliccircuit (i.e.300psi) and then graduallyincrease it (i.e. +50psi) until shoulders makecontact (contact pressure).
2. After that, the circuit pressure must begradually increased until the finalcircumferential displacement is obtained(final pressure).
3. Steps 1 and 2 must be followed for the firstfew joints at the beginning of the operation,or immediately after a change of diameter.Thereafter, the final pressure should beapplied to the rest of the rods.
4. Every ten joints, repeat steps 1 and 2 in orderto adjust any potential deviation from theoriginal power tong calibration.
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HolloRodTM Series
CLEANING
Follow the same cleaning recommendations asfor conventional sucker rods.
LENGTH MEASUREMENT
As HolloRodTM rods come in varying lengths, itis particularly important to measure the exactlength of the string during make-up, in order tomeet well design requirements. For each hollowrod, 2” should be added to account for thenipple connector.
HANGING
There are two main ways of hangingHolloRodTM rods:
Using conventional rod elevators incombination with a crossover connected to a 2 ft long conventional pony rod.
Using tubing elevators in combination with apin-box accessory featuring a box with asimilar external diameter to that of a tubingcoupling.
MAKE-UP
Make-up is performed with conventional casingor tubing tongs adapted to the hollow rod’sexternal diameter (see ‘Required tools’ belowfor more details).
The power tong used must be equipped with adirect reading gauge so that applied torque canbe controlled. Space-out is done with standard-length pup joints (hollow pony rods) in the sameway as with conventional sucker rods.
REQUIRED TOOLS
Power tong: Any type or model of hydraulicpower tong can be used. Casing or tubing tongsare normally used (the only modification theyrequire is that the dies be adjusted to the hollowrod’s OD). The power tong must have ahydraulic or manual backup with the same diesize as the tong.
Hanging slips (spider): Use pneumatic slips forconventional pipes adapted to 1.9” (48.8 mm) OD.
Safety clamp (dog collar): Since HolloRodTM rodsare relatively lightweight, it is recommended touse a safety clamp above the spider for the firstten rods – until the rod string gets heavy enough toensure a correct hanging operation with the spider.
.
.
.
.
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Make-up Torque for Hollow Rods
PRODUCT MIN. TORQUE ft.lb
OPT. TORQUEft.lb
MAX. TORQUEft.lb
HOLLORODTM1000 1100 1150 1200
HOLLORODTM1500 1500 1550 1600
HOLLORODTM2500 2500 2550 2600
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Recommended Make-up Circumferential Displacement
CIRCUMFERENTIAL DISPLACEMENT API GRADES PROPRIETARY GRADES[MM (IN)] NEW ROD USED ROD NEW ROD USED ROD
MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX
CONVENTIONAL 5/8” 6.3 7.1 4.8 6.3 8.4 9.9 8.0 8.8SUCKER RODS (*) (0.25) (0.28) (0.19) (0.25) (0.33) (0.39) (0.31) (0.35)
3/4” 7.1 8.7 5.6 6.7 10.4 11.9 9.2 9.9
(0.28) (0.34) (0.22) (0.26) (0.41) (0.47) (0.36) (0.39)
7/8” 8.7 9.5 7.1 9.1 11.5 13.0 11.2 12.3
(0.34) (0.37) (0.28) (0.36) (0.45) (0.51) (0.44) (0.44)
1” 11.1 12.7 9.5 11.1 14.7 17 14.3 15.9
(0.44) (0.50) (0.37) (0.44) (0.58) (0.67) (0.56) (0.63)
1 1/8” 14.3 16.7 12.7 15.1 17.9 20.7 17.0 19.9
(0.56) (0.66) (0.50) (0.59) (0.70) (0.81) (0.67) (0.78)
(*) Recommended circumferential displacement for sinker bar make-up is similar to that of sucker rods, according to pin diameter.
CLEANING
1. Thread storage compound must bethoroughly removed from connections.
2. Clean connections using a nonmetallic brushand cleaning solvent. The use of diesel is notrecommended.
3. Once cleaned, the connections should bedried with the use of compressed air; thenthe coupling should be hand-mounted.
4. If rods are to be left on the rack for anextended period of time, apply a suitablecompound to the thread. Place dry, clean and damage-free thread protectors on allconnections and repeat the cleaning processprior to running.
THREAD COMPOUND
For rods with API threads, Tenaris does not recommend the use of running compound.
HANGING
Conventional sucker rod elevators are usedaccording to sucker rod body diameter. Oncethe sucker rod is in a vertical position and itscoupling axis is aligned with the axis of thewellhead, lower it slowly for make-up.
MAKE-UP
The following steps are recommended:
1. The initial torque (hand-tight position)should be applied using the hand tong,making sure the right tool size is used foreach diameter.
2. When shoulders make contact, a vertical lineshould be marked on the pin and couplingshoulders.
3. Gradually apply torque until reaching thefinal circumferential displacement indicatedin the displacement card.
4. Steps 1 to 3 must be followed for the first tenjoints run at the beginning of the operation,or immediately after a change of diameter.Thereafter, displacement values should bechecked every ten joints.
POWER TONG CALIBRATION
Initial pressure should be applied according tothe power tong datasheet specifications forconventional sucker rods. If that information isnot available, it is recommended to start settinga low pressure value on the power tonghydraulic circuit (i.e.300psi) and then graduallyincrease it (i.e. +50psi) until the finalcircumferential displacement is obtained.
X-Torque, High Strengthand Conventional Rods
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Make-up Comparison Chart
MAKE-UP PROCESS BLUEROD™ PREMIUM HOLLOROD™ X-TORQUE HIGH STRENGTH CONVENTIONAL SUCKER RODS SERIES RODS RODS RODS
LENGTH MEASUREMENT NO TALLY NO NO NO
THREAD CLEANING YES YES YES YES YES
THREAD RUNNING API 5 A3 API 5 A3 NO NO NOCOMPOUND
ELEVATORS CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL + CROSS OVER CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONAL CONVENTIONALTUBING ELEVATOR
INITIAL TORQUE USING HAND TONG USING HAND TONG USING HAND TONG USING HAND TONG USING HAND TONG
POWER TONG GRADUALLY INCREASE PRESSURE SET THE TONG PRESSURE SET THE TONG PRESSURE SET THE TONG PRESSURE SET THE TONG PRESSURE CALIBRATION UNTIL REACHING IN ORDER TO REACH IN ORDER TO REACH IN ORDER TO REACH IN ORDER TO REACH
DISPLACEMENT RECOMMENDED RECOMMENDED TORQUE DISPLACEMENT RECOMMENDED DISPLACEMENT RECOMMENDED DISPLACEMENT RECOMMENDEDBY TENARIS BY TENARIS BY TENARIS BY TENARIS
SHOULDER CONTACT YES YES ALREADY DONE ALREADY DONE ALREADY DONE TORQUE WITH HAND TONG WITH HAND TONG WITH HAND TONG
SHOULDER CONTACT USING A 0.05 MM GAUGE NO NO NO NOVERIFICATION FOR EVERY ROD
APPLYING FINAL ACCORDING TO DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO DATASHEET ACCORDING TO DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO DISPLACEMENT ACCORDING TO DISPLACEMENT TORQUE RECOMMENDED BY TENARIS SPECIFICATIONS RECOMMENDED BY TENARIS RECOMMENDED BY TENARIS RECOMMENDED BY TENARIS
MAKE-UP VERIFICATION 1 EVERY 10 RODS 1 EVERY 10 RODS 1 EVERY 10 RODS 1 EVERY 10 RODS 1 EVERY 10 RODS
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Appendix
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Product Identification
SUCKER RODS
Rolling code: Identifies the raw material beforethe start of the manufacturing process.
Package identification: Identifies temperature,mechanical properties and other parameters ofthe sucker rod during its manufacturing process.
Manufacturing date: Identifies month and year.
Manufacturer: M”” stands for the Tenaris suckerrods mill in Argentina, CF stands for the mill inBrazil, TM stands for the mill in Mexico andSL stands for the mill in Rumania.
Forge code: Identifies the crew that made theforging process.
API monogram: Identifies sucker rodsmanufactured under API 11B specs.
API license number: Identifies manufacturer’s APIlicense.
Body diameter: 5/8”, 3/4”, 7/8”, 1”, 1 1/8”, 1 1/4”and 1 1/2”.
Grade: Specifies the sucker rod steel andmechanical properties (C, K, D, KD, PLUS,UHS, MMS, D BlueRod™, KD BlueRod™ and HolloRod™ Series).
11B-0020
3/4 DQ
AA 123401-11 0M'
''
API MONOGRAM API LICENSE NUMBER
BODY DIAMETER & GRADE
ROLLING CODE PACKAGE IDENTIFICATION
MANUFACTURER
MANUFACTURING DATE FORGE CODE
PRO
DU
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Rods identification
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COUPLINGS
PR: Only used for polished rod couplings.
Diameter: nominal pin size coupling diameter.
Manufacturer: M”” stands for the Tenaris suckerrods mill in Argentina, CF stands for the mill inBrazil, TM stands for the mill in Mexico andSL stands for the mill in Rumania.
API monogram: Identifies sucker rodsmanufactured under API 11B specs.
Coupling type: Specifies the material properties –T, SM or UHS (high-strength couplings).
Manufacturing date: month and year.
Rolling code: Identifies the raw material beforethe start of the manufacturing process.
1''PRM'' Q
DIAMETER
MANUFACTURER
“PR”
API MONOGRAM
TF 0904TPT
ROLLING CODE
COUPLING TYPE
MANUFACTURING DATE
.
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Couplings identification
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Dimensional Characteristics
BlueRod™, X-Torque and Conventional Rods
Lws
Ø Du
WsØDf
Ø Dr
Ls
B
B
PRODUCT DIMENSIONS Dr Du Ws Lws (MIN) Df Ls
[MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN]
BLUERODTM 3/4” 19.05 0.75 35.72 1.41 26.2 1.03 31.8 1.25 38.10 1.50 36.51 1.44RODS 7/8” 22.23 0.88 38.10 1.50 29.4 1.15 31.8 1.25 41.28 1.63 41.28 1.63
1” 25.40 1.00 48.42 1.91 34.1 1.34 38.1 1.50 50.80 2 47.63 1.88
X-TORQUE 1” PIN 7/8” 25.40 1.00 38.10 1.50 26.2 1.03 31.8 1.25 41.28 1.63 49 1.93RODS 1 1/4” PIN 1” 31.75 1.25 48.42 1.91 37 1.45 38.1 1.50 50.80 2 48.42 1.91
1 1/4” PIN 1 1/8” 31.75 1.25 55.56 2.19 38.9 1.53 41.3 1.63 57.15 2.25 54.77 2.16
1 1/2” PIN 1 1/8” 38.10 1.50 55.56 2.19 38.9 1.53 41.3 1.63 57.15 2.25 54.77 2.16
CONVENTIONAL 5/8” 15.88 0.63 30.96 1.22 23 0.90 31.8 1.25 31.75 1.25 31.75 1.25SUCKER RODS 3/4” 19.05 0.75 35.72 1.41 26.2 1.03 31.8 1.25 38.10 1.50 36.51 1.44
7/8” 22.23 0.88 38.10 1.50 26.2 1.03 31.8 1.25 41.28 1.63 41.28 1.63
1” 25.40 1.00 48.42 1.91 34.1 1.34 38.1 1.50 50.80 2 47.63 1.88
1 1/8” 28.58 1.13 55.56 2.19 38.9 1.53 41.3 1.62 57.15 2.25 53.98 2.13
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References
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HolloRodTM Series
OD
Tu
be
ID T
ub
e
ID N
ipp
le
OD
Nip
ple
PRODUCT DIMENSIONS OD TUBE ID TUBE LENGHT WALL THICKNESS ID NIPPLE UPSET OD
[MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [M] [FT] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN]
HOLLORODTM HOLLORODTM 1000 48.8 1.92 35.4 1.39 9.35 - 9.75 30.7 - 32.0 6.7 0.26 20 0.79 FLUSH
HOLLORODTM 1500 48.8 1.92 35.4 1.39 9.35 - 9.75 30.7 - 32.0 6.7 0.26 18 0.71 FLUSH
HOLLORODTM 2500 48.8 1.92 42.1 1.66 9.35 - 9.75 30.7 - 32.0 6.7 0.26 20 0.79 60 2.36
References
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Couplings
L
ØOD
PRODUCT DIMENSIONS THREAD L FULL SIZE OD SLIM HOLE OD
[MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN]
COUPLINGS 5/8” 1 5/16 X 10 101.6 4.0 38.1 1.5 31.8 1.3
3/4” 1 1/16 X 10 101.6 4.0 41.3 1.6 38.1 1.5
7/8” 1 3/16 X 10 101.6 4.0 46.0 1.8 41.3 1.6
1” 1 3/8 X 10 101.6 4.0 55.5 2.2 50.8 2.0
1 1/8” (*) 1 9/16 X 10 114.3 4.5 60.3 2.4 57.3 2.3
(*) Couplings are manufactured according to API dimensional specifications, with the exception of 1 1/8” coupling slim hole.
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Sinker Bars
Lw
ØD
sb
LE
ØD
E
Ws
Ls
PRODUCT DIMENSIONS Dsb DE LE (min) Ls Lw (min) Ws
[MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN] [MM] [IN]
SINKER BARS 1 1/4” PIN 5/8” 31.75 1.25 22.2 0.9 101.6 4.0 31.75 1.25 31.75 1.25 25.40 1.00
1 3/8” PIN 5/8” 34.93 1.38 25.4 1.0 101.6 4.0 31.75 1.25 31.75 1.25 25.40 1.00
1 1/2” PIN 3/4” 38.10 1.50 25.4 1.0 101.6 4.0 36.51 1.44 38.10 1.50 33.34 1.31
1 5/8” PIN 7/8” 41.28 1.63 25.4 1.0 101.6 4.0 41.28 1.63 38.10 1.50 33.34 1.31
References
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Product Weights
BlueRod™, X-Torque and Conventional Rods
PRODUCT WEIGHT PONY RODS SUCKER RODSWITHOUT COUPLING [KG (LB)] 2 FT 4 FT 6 FT 8 FT 10 FT 12 FT 25 FT 30 FT
BLUERODTM 3/4” 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.5 6.9 8.2 17.8 21.2RODS (3.1) (6.1) (9.1) (12.1) (15.1) (18.2) (39.3) (46.7)
7/8” 2.0 3.8 5.7 7.5 9.4 11.3 24.0 28.5
(4.3) (8.4) (12.5) (16.6) (20.7) (24.8) (52.9) (62.9)
1” 2.6 5.0 7.5 9.9 12.3 14.7 31.9 38.0
(5.8) (11.1) (16.4) (21.8) (27.1) (32.5) (70.3) (83.8)
X-TORQUE 1” PIN 7/8” 1.9 4.3 6.7 9.2 11.6 14.0 31.2 -RODS (4.2) (9.5) (14.9) (20.2) (25.6) (30.9) (68.7) -
1 1/4” PIN 1” 4.1 7.9 11.7 15.5 19.2 23.0 49.1 -
(9.0) (17.4) (25.7) (34.1) (42.4) (50.8) (108.2) -
1 1/4” PIN 1 1/8” 4.2 8.0 11.7 15.5 19.3 23.1 49.2 -
(9.2) (17.5) (25.9) (34.2) (42.6) (50.9) (108.4) -
1 1/2” PIN 1 1/8” 6 11.5 16.9 22.4 27.8 33.3 69.5 -
(13.2) (25.4) (37.3) (49.4) (61.3) (73.4) (153.2) -
CONVENTIONAL 5/8” 1.0 1.9 2.9 3.8 4.8 5.7 12.3 14.7SUCKER RODS (2.1) (4.2) (6.3) (8.4) (10.5) (12.6) (27.1) (32.4)
3/4” 1.4 2.8 4.2 5.5 6.9 8.2 17.8 21.2
(3.1) (6.1) (9.1) (12.1) (15.1) (18.2) (39.3) (46.7)
7/8” 2.0 3.8 5.7 7.5 9.4 11.3 24.0 28.5
(4.3) (8.4) (12.5) (16.6) (20.7) (24.8) (52.9) (62.9)
1” 2.6 5.0 7.5 9.9 12.3 14.7 31.9 38.0
(5.8) (11.1) (16.4) (21.8) (27.1) (32.5) (70.3) (83.8)
1 1/8” 3.4 6.4 9.5 12.6 15.7 18.7 39.4 47.1
(7.4) (14.2) (21.0) (27.7) (34.5) (41.3) (86.8) (103.8)
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HolloRodTM Series
PRODUCT WEIGHT PUP JOINTS HOLLOW RODSWITHOUT NIPPLE [KG (LB)] 2 FT 4 FT 6 FT 8 FT 10 FT 12 FT MIN (28 FT) MAX (32 FT)
HOLLORODTM HOLLORODTM 1000 4.2 8.5 12.7 16.9 21.2 25.4 59.3 67.8SERIES (9.3) (18.7) (28.0) (37.4) (46.7) (56.0) (130.7) (149.5)
HOLLORODTM 1500 4.2 8.5 12.7 16.9 21.2 25.4 59.3 67.8
(9.3) (18.7) (28.0) (37.4) (46.7) (56.0) (130.8) (149.4)
HOLLORODTM 2500 4.3 8.5 12.8 17.1 21.3 25.6 59.7 68.3
(9.4) (18.8) (28.2) (37.6) (47.0) (56.4) (131.7) (150.5)
Sinker Bars
PRODUCT WEIGHT [KG (LB)] 25 FT 30 FT
SINKER BARS 1 1/8” PIN 7/8” 38.7 46.4
(85.3) (102.2)
1 1/4” PIN 5/8” 48.8 58.5
(107.5) (129.0)
1 3/8” PIN 5/8” 56.8 68.1
(125.2) (150.2)
1 1/2” PIN 3/4” 68.1 81.8
(150.2) (180.2)
1 5/8” PIN 7/8” 79.5 95.4
(175.2) (210.3)
1 3/4” PIN 7/8” 95.3 114.4
(210.2) (252.2)
Couplings
PRODUCT WEIGHT [KG (LB)] SLIM HOLE FULL SIZE
COUPLINGS 5/8” 0.4 0.6
(0.8) (1.4)
3/4” 0.5 0.7
(1.2) (1.5)
7/8” 0.6 0.9
(1.3) (1.9)
1” 1.0 1.1
(2.1) (2.5)
1 1/8” - 1.6
- (3.5)
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Pulling Load Capacity
Rods
RECOMMENDED LOAD CAPACITY (SF 80%) [LB (TN)]
PRODUCT API GRADES PROPRIETARY GRADES
C / K / D ALLOY / UHS / D KD HOLLORODTM
D CARBON KD / D SPECIAL MMS / PLUS BLUEROD™ BLUEROD™ SERIES
YIELD STRENGTH [KSI] 60 85 115 100 85 140
BLUERODTM 3/4” - - - 35,340 30,039 -RODS - - - (16.0) (13.6) -
7/8” - - - 48,112 40,895 -
- - - (21.8) (18.5) -
1” - - - 62,868 53,438 -
- - - (28.5) (24.2) -
HOLLORODTM HOLLORODTM 1000 - - - - - 105,822SERIES - - - - - (48.0)
HOLLORODTM 1500 - - - - - 105,822
- - - - - (48.0)
HOLLORODTM 2500 - - - - - 105,822
- - - - - (48.0)
X-TORQUE 1”PIN 7/8” 28,867 40,895 55,329 - - -RODS (13.1) (18.5) (25.1) - - -
1 1/4” PIN 1” 58,925 83,477 112,939 - - -
(26.7) (37.9) (51.2) - - -
1 1/4” PIN 1 1/8” 58,925 83,477 112,939 - - -
(26.7) (37.9) (51.2) - - -
1 1/2” PIN 1 1/8” 84,816 120,156 162,564 - - -
(38.5) (54.5) (73.7) - - -
CONVENTIONAL 5/8” 14,731 20,869 28,235 - - -SUCKER RODS (6.7) (9.5) (12.8) - - -
3/4” 21,204 30,039 40,641 - - -
(9.6) (13.6) (18.4) - - -
7/8” 28,867 40,895 55,329 - - -
(13.1) (18.5) (25.1) - - -
1” 37,721 53,438 72,298 - - -
(17.1) (24.2) (32.8) - - -
1 1/8” 47,691 67,562 91,407 - - -
(21.6) (30.6) (41.5) - - -
Values shown refer to sucker rods only and indicate the maximum resistance to yield strength of the material.They do not refer to pumps, polished rods, anchors or other accessories.When pulling sucker rods, the weakest rod in the entire rod string is usually the one with the smallest diameter.
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Stress Calculation
Modified Goodman Diagram
Given that sucker rods in Beam Pumpingsystems are subjected to cyclic loads, theAmerican Petroleum Institute recommends theuse of the Modified Goodman diagram todetermine a safe operating range.Load solicitations should be compared usingthe Goodman formula:Where,
TS allow = Allowable tensile strengthTS min = Minimum tensile strengthTS max = Maximum tensile strength
Maximum Allowed Stress Equations
API RP 11BR (Recommended Practice for theCare and Handling of Sucker Rods) defines thefollowing equation as a maximum allowabletension for API sucker rod grades:
For high-strength sucker rods, the followingequation is recommended:
For Grade Plus sucker rods, the maximumallowed stress (TSallow) is 50 ksi.For BlueRodTM, the following equation isrecommended:
Where,UTS = Ultimate tensile strengthSF = Service factor
Recommended Service Factors
For corrosive environments applying a variableservice factor is recommended, with its ultimatevalue depending on the operating conditions ofindividual wells.
%Goodman = x 100TSmax - TSmin
TSallow - TSmin
TSallow = (UTS / 4 + 0.5625 x TSmin) x SF
TSallow = (UTS / 2.8 + 0.375 x TSmin) x SF
TSallow = (UTS / 2.3 + 0.375 x TSmin) x SF
ROD STRESS CALCULATION IN BEAM
PUMPING APPLICATIONS
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ROD STRESS CALCULATION IN PCP APPLICATIONS
Sucker rods working in Progressive CavityPumping systems should withstand both axialand torque loads. Therefore, they are subjectedto a combined tensional state whose effectivestress should not exceed the rod’s elastic limit.
Most of the axial load is the result of thepressure load above the pump and the weight of the sucker rod string.
Total torque is the result of the hydraulic pumptorque, pump friction torque and the resistivetorque from the friction of the rod string surfaceagainst the production fluid.
The effective stress can be calculated using thevon Mises equation:
Where,σe = Effective stressL = Total axial load (Lbs or N)T = Total torque (Lbs*ft or Nm)D = Rod string body outer diameter (in or mm)C1 = Constant (Imperial system 1.6x10-5;International system 16)C2 = Constant (Imperial system: 0.1106,International system: 7.680x 10-8)
In order to have each sucker rod operatingwithin a safety margin, the effective stressshould be lower than the sucker rod’s yieldstrength (whose value varies depending on thesteel grade used). Additionally, a safety factorcan be used to increase the rod’s fatigue life.
C1L2
π 2 D4
C2T²π
2D6σe = +
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COUPLING STRESS LOAD CALCULATION
To factor in the use of couplings in thecalculation of allowable tensile strength(TSallow) for sucker rods, the equation must incorporate a depreciation factor, as shown below:
Where,UTS = Ultimate tensile strengthDF = Depreciation factorSF = Service factor
The first coupling of each section of the rodstring should be evaluated, applying theModified Goodman equation.
Depreciation Factor
The depreciation factor depends on therelationship between the tensile resistance ofthe materials that couplings and sucker rods aremade of and their effective working area.
DIAMETER COUPLING API SH WITH SUCKER ROD COUPLING API SH COUPLING API FSWITH HIGH STRENGTH WITH HIGH STRENGTH
D C K SUCKER ROD SUCKER ROD
5/8” 0.76 0.97 - 0.63 -
3/4” 0.85 - - 0.7 0.94
7/8” 0.68 0.87 0.92 0.56 0.85
1” 0.89 - - 0.73 -
Recommended Depreciation Factor for Couplings
TSallow = (UTS / 4 x DF + 0.5625 x TSmin) x SF
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For further information please contact:[email protected]
www.tenaris.com/suckerrods
Tenaris Sucker Rods Technical Catalogue / Version 01 / April 2012
Tenaris and its member companies have produced this catalogue for general information only. Tenaris does not assume any responsibility or liability for any loss,damage or injury resulting from the use of information and data herein. Warranties, indemnities and any other obligations will result only from the respectivecontracts of license or sale, as the case may be. Please contact a Tenaris representative for more complete information, and for information on other Tenaris productsnot shown here which are also available upon request. © Tenaris 2012. All rights reserved.
