Temperate deciduous forestBy Paola Cervantes

World distributionThe Temperate deciduous forest (tdf) is a forest that is located in several parts of such as:

● East United States● Most of Europe● East Australia● East China● Most of Japan and Korea● Also the western edge of

British Columbia● New Zealand

ClimatographIn the Temperate deciduous Forest it is very rainy! There is about 50-150 cm of rain each year in these forests, also during the winter the temperature doesn’t fall much (or none) below zero, during the summer the temperature is in the range of 20-25 degrees Celsius.

Abiotic Characteristics Latitude: They are normally found between the 40°- 60° north south of the equator

Temperature:Summers range from 20-25°c, Winters are normally just below or above 0°c

Elevation: The elevation is approx. 900m

Soil: Brown earth soil (fertile soil caused by the fallen leaves in the fall)

Animals and PlantsAnimals:American Bald EagleAmerican Black BearDuckbill PlatypusWhite-tailed deerFat DormouseLeast WeaselCoyote

Plants:American BeechCarpet MossLady FernNorthern arrowwoodPecanWhite Birch White Oak

Invasive Species There are certain invasive species of the Temperate deciduous forest and their impact● Asian gypsy moth: It is a voracious pest of trees that threatens habitants.

● Brown fir long-horned beetle: It attacks many of the native conifers.● Nun moth: It feeds on conifers, and it feed on the vegetation and colonize in lots of

places● Screwworm:This parasite kills livestock and wildlife● Siberian moth: This moth does the same as the gypsy moth except for the fact that

the impact caused by this moth is greater● Tropical bont tick: It produces and spreads a fatal livestock and reduces the milk and

meat production in the area of the habitat

Bioaccumulation(Bioaccumulation is when toxic substances are consumed by plants or animals, which later on get eaten by other animals and these toxins build up and become of high concentration because they are eating the contaminated food.)

What affects my biome is pesticides and pollution because this is where most get their food from, having certain polluted areas cause the cycle to begin, also pesticides grow into the earth and do the same effect.

Predator-prey interactions.Timber rattlesnakes (predator) prey on small mammals(for ex. chipmunks.) Mountain lions (predator) prey on deer. Each prey and predator have their limits which would be put to how the forest is built, each animal will have their own niche with a fair amount of competition for the food.

SuccessionPrimary Succession:● Geological activity (volcanoes and glaciers )● Ex rock → lichen → moss → grass → shrub → trees → oak forest

Secondary Succession:● soil of the previous has been removed by things such as fire or agriculture● ex: Grass → Shrubs → trees → oak forest● This succession takes less time since the soil laid out is already there and

has been prepared before.

Biotic relationshipsMutualism:Deer and Birds, The bird eat insects off of the deer, the bird gets food, the deer gets free of insects

Parasitism: Tapeworm and an animal.

Commensalism: A squirrel and a tree, the tree gains nothing but loses nothing while the squirrel gains shelter and protection.

Energy Flow Food web: →

Trophic levels: (4) primary producers (plants), primary producers (herbivores),

secondary consumers, and tertiary consumers

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Sources“Climatograph”-http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/ecosystems/deciduous_woodlands_rev1.shtml“Abiotic Characteristics”- http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/geography/ecosystems/deciduous_woodlands_rev1.shtml , http://www.ask.com/question/range-of-elevation-of-a-deciduous-forest“Animals and plants”- http://www.blueplanetbiomes.org/deciduous_animal_page.htm

Sources“Invasive species”- http://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/animals/notestablished.shtml “Bioaccumulation”-http://www.thinktrees.org/my_folders/Manitoba_Model_Forest_Teaching_Kits/Interactions_within_Forest_Ecosystems.pdf“Prey-Predator interactions”- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20111212095234AAJTls3 “Succession”- https://www.marietta.edu/~biol/biomes/succession.htm

Sources“Biotic relationships”- http://temperatedeciduousforest3rd.weebly.com/examples-of-mutalism-commensalism-parasitism-and-predator-and-prey.html “Energy Flow” - http://biomed08.wikispaces.com/Deciduous+Forest