TEMAS LNGUA INGLESA III SEMESTRE 4 PROF. GLAUCE SOARES CASIMIROTema 1 -Talking about Present and Past Tenses O Simple Present usado para expressar eventos, aes ou condies rotineiras, permanentes. I go to the gym every day. / She always remembers my birthday./ He hardly ever goes to the museum. / It always eats meat in the morning. / We don't know each other./ His situation doesn't look good.

(Pode-se usar o Simple Present para afirmar ou negar uma opinio, algo que acredita-se ser verdadeiro ou no). You look great in this dress. / I don't think it's a good idea to lie. / Italians eat lots of pasta./ She doesnt know anyone in her neighborhood. / He never watches TV in the afternoon.

Existem algumas expresses indicadoras deste tempo verbal, que normalmente so:usually, frequently, often, every day, all the time. I thank God for my house every day. / She recently has a new apartment. / I sometimes do social work. / She usually does voluntary work. / I wash my car every weekend. / He washes his car very well all the time.

Interrogativa: Use os verbos auxiliares "do/doese no modifique o verbo. Do you like to play cards every weekend? / Where do you live? / Does she work with you all the time?/ What time does he go to school? / When do they leave home?

Negativa: Do not = don't (usados para: I, you, we, they) Does not = doesn't (usados para: he, she ou it). I do not like that kind of food. / They dont cry very often./ We dont get up late on week days. / Jack does not work here. / Paul doesnt play with his sons every day. / Cindy doesnt go to the gym at night.

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEO presente contnuo usado para expressar aes que esto acontecendo no momento da fala. geralmente empregado com os advrbios de tempo: now, at this moment, look, pay attention, listen! My sister and I are doing our homework now. / What is John doing at this moment? / Look! Jill isnt cleaning the bathroom. She is cleaning her bedroom. / Pay attention! I am explaining the grammar.

SIMPLE PAST TENSEThe simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action. Affirmative: I spoke. /Negative: I did not speak. Interrogative: Did I speak?For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add ed.Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed.Examples:After a final-eonly add-d: love lovedFinal consonant after a short, stressed vowel or as final consonant after a vowel is doubled: admit admitted/travel travelledFinal-y after a consonant becomes-i: hurry hurried Action in the past taking place once, never or several times: He visited his parents every weekend. Actions in the past taking place one after theother:Hecamein,tookoffhiscoatand sat down. Action in the past taking place in the middle of another action: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenly rang.

Tema 2 - How to use the Present Perfect tense in life?O Presente Perfeito usado para expressar:a) Aes que comearam no passado e continuam at o presente. I have lived here since 2009. / She has studied English for three years. / We have gone shopping by ourselves since2010.b) Aes que aconteceram num tempo indefinido no passado. (Se for mencionado ou sugerido o tempo exato em que a aoocorreu, usa-se o passado simples.) I have studied English (tempo indefinido) / I studied English yesterday. (tempo exato) c) Aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no passado. We have seen that film many times. / He has listen to that music several times.d) Aes que acabaram de acontecer. The plane has just landed. / The students have just asked their teacher a question.e) Unfinished time. I have visited my friends this week and I have gone to the supermarket this month.

Examples inPresent Perfect:a) Paul has written his name in my book. / b) I have visited Miami many times./ c) She has lived here all her life.d) They have read that story several times. / e) We have been to the zoo. / f) She has slept in the garden many times.g) Who has eaten my sandwich? / h) He has sung that song before. i) You have drunk much beer. / He has kept her photo in his drawer. / We have brought many sadwiches for our picnic. / They have built many new buildings by the lake./ My neighbor has caught the burglar by himself. / Someone has drunk all the wine from this bottle. / Charles has given me a nice present. / Have they already bought their house? / Have you painted your house yet? / My roomate has just come in the door. / Havent you ever checked the oil in this car? / We have been to the zoo twice. / The children havent slept yet. We have just met Helen./ The boys have already brought their books. / It has snowed since yesterday morning.

Examples inSimple Past:a) I won many prizes when I was young. /b) He drove home yesterday./ c) The phone was ringing when I arrived. /g) We spoke to the director last night. / c) He went to Miami last week. / e) We started studying German last year./ f) I had dinner an hour ago.

Agora sua vez1) Complete as frases com as palavras abaixo: breakfast go to bed evening finish weekenda) You have _______________ in the morning.b) You have dinner in the _______________.c) You _______________ at night.d) People _______________ work at six in the afternoon.e) Many people dont work on _______________.

2) Supply the correct form of the Present Continuous Tense of the following verbs: Study - read - try - sleep - wear - build1. Silence, please! The baby_________________2. Look at Jane! She___________ a red blouse.3. I __________ a book on ancient Greece.4. We ____ hard because we have a test tomorrow.5. The women _________ new dresses for the dinner party.6. The man who ______my house is a good engineer.

3) Put the verb in the present continuous, simple presentorsimple past.a) Where is Grace? She is having(she/have) a shower.b) After the party, __________ (we/go) home.c) How often ____________ (you/read) a newspaper?d) ______ (I/ want) to travel around the world.e) Jully ___________ (not/like) tea. ___________ (she/prefer) coffee.

4) Complete the sentences with since or for:a) I've studied guitar ______ 7 years.b) We've practiced basketball ______ we were children.c) We have known each other ______ a long time.d) They have tried to buy this house ______years.e) Rodrigo has lived in Montreal ______ 1998.

5) Complete the sentences with a verb in Present Perfect Tense: Invite forget see take buy reada) Gabriel has readthis magazine.b) I __________ some new shoes. Do you want to see them?c) I cant find my sweater. Somebody __________ it.d) Im looking for Bruno. __________ him?e) Livia is having a party tonight. She __________a lot of people.f) Im sorry. I__________ your name.

6) Supply the Simple Past, the Simple Present or the Present Perfect Tense.a) He always_________(give) me beautiful presents.b) John _______(come) to the party alone last night.c) He ____________(keep) her photo in his drawer.d) We _______(bring) many sadwiches for our picnic.e) They ____(build) many new buildings by the lake.

Finalizando1. O Present Perfect Tense usado para referir-se a algo que aconteceu no passado, mas que mantm algum tipo de conexo com o presente. I've broken my arm. (= My arm is broken now.)2. O "Present Perfect Tense", porm, no usado quando no se refere ao presente: I missed the bus yesterday.3. O Present Perfect Tense tambm usado quando se referir s consequncias que aes consumadas tm no presente:Suzy has had a baby.George has shot his girlfriend.4. O "Present Perfect Tense" tambm usado para afirmar e/ou perguntar/negar se algo j aconteceu alguma vez, se j aconteceu antes, se nunca aconteceu, se aconteceu at certa data, se no aconteceu at certo perodo, se algo ainda no aconteceu. Have you ever seen Elvis Presley? I've never seen Elvis Presley.5. O Present Perfect pode indicar aes que tiveram incio no passado e vm acontecendo at o presente: I've studied mathematics for years. / I've tried to call you since two o'clock. / She's known him since 1897.6. O Present Perfect nunca usado em sentenas em que existam advrbios de tempo definido, tais como: yesterday, lastweek, then, twenty years ago, in 1764.7. Ao referir-se s aes que comearam no passado e ainda continuam acontecendo, pode-se lanar mo de outro tipo deconstruo, alm do prprio Present Perfect, chamada Present Perfect Progressive. We've been studying since eight o'clock in the morning. Porm, o Present Perfect tem preferncia ao referir-se s aes mais duradouras. That huge castle's stood there for 1200 Years

Tema 3 Planning the Future Future: going to Grammar Explanations: Its used for planned or certain actions in the future. Use be going to + base form of the verb (change, be, have, etc) for the future.Examples: I am going to sleep earlier./ You are going to travel next weekend./ He is going to swim in the river./ They are going to visit their parents. / Jack is going to read his new book. / Paul isnt going to work until late today. / Jason and I arent going to have dinner together. Are you going to study for the English test? Yes, I am. // No, Im not. Is Bob going to spend his holiday in Bonito? Yes, he is. // No, he isnt. Is Tammy going to watch that film on TV tonight? Yes, she is. // No, she isnt. What are you going to do this weekend? Im going to rest a lot! Where is Tom going to have lunch? Hes going to have lunch at the cafeteria. How is Carl going to spend his money? Hes going to buy a brand new car . When is it going to be the test? Its going to be next class.

Future: will usado para expressar ao futura. Como se forma: will + verbo principal.Examples: Affirmative: They will study hard tomorrow. Negative: They wont (will not) study hard tomorrow. Interrogative: Will they study hard tomorrow? Abbreviated forms: ll (will); wont (will not)

- em promessas: - Dont worry, Ill take care. / - Ill talk to him when he get here. - para oferecer ou se propor a fazer algo: - The phone's ringing. / - Im starving! Ill make some sandwiches. - quando algo decidido na hora da fala: - Excuse me, will you have red wine or White wine? / - Will you marry me? /- Will she come visit her mother tonigh? / - Will we be back until 10 pm? / - Are you going to eat this salad? / - Is Patrick going to walk to school? / - Are we going to read this book? - I wont be here next weekend. / - My father wont let me go to your party . / - We wont go to the beach this Holiday. / - He is not going to ask somebody the way. / - I'm not going to borrow his T-shirt. / - Megan is not going to see the doctor thisevening.

WILL + TIME CLAUSESAs Time Clauses so oraes temporais que, seguidas de algumas conjunes, se ligam a outra orao. Correspondem, na Lngua Portuguesa, s oraes subordinadas adverbiais temporais. When you get back, I'll make you dinner ./ When you finish your studies, you will be a great doctor . / You will be a great doctor when you finish you studies. / Hell call me as soon as he get in Canada. / As soon as he get in Canada, hell call me. Before I leave, Ill take a shower . / Ill take a shower before I leave.

As principais conjunes usadas nesse tipo de oraes so: Before depois de / By the time quando / na poca em que / If se / Since desde que / Until/till at (que) / When quando / While enquanto / Whenever quando quer quer

Tema 4 Making Comparisons Adjetivos so palavras que modificam os substantivos dando-lhes alguma qualidade. Ex: He is an intelligent boy . Porm, h duas diferenas importantes entre o uso dos adjetivos em portugus e em ingls. Os adjetivos aparecem antes dos substantivos em ingls. Ex: She is a pretty girl. Os adjetivos em ingls so invariveis, ou seja, no possuem gnero nem plural como em portugus. Ex: There are big houses in this neighborhood. I bought a big car yesterday . Quando h mais de um adjetivo para o mesmo substantivo, eles aparecem na seguinte ordem: tamanho forma cor origem material funo. Ex: Its a big square brown French wooden dining table. Quando h mais de dois adjetivos para o mesmo substantivo, eles devem ser separados por vrgula. Ex: I need a large, square, wooden box. Se houver dois adjetivos da mesma categoria deve-se utilizar a palavra and (e) para fazer a ligao entre eles. Ex: It is a dark and cold room.

a) Expressa uma opinio: silly, beautiful, horrible, difficult. Ex.: It was a difficult test. This is a silly song.b) Expressa tamanho: large, tiny, enormous, little. Ex.: This is a large t-shirt. Your house is enormous. c) Expressa idade: ancient, new, young, old. Ex.: Europe is full of ancient buildings. My grandpa is very old. d) Expressa forma: square, round, flat, rectangular. Ex.: This is a rectangular flag.I like round cushion.e) Expressa cor: blue, pink, reddish, grey. Ex.: We have a blue ocean in Brazil. Barney is a black dog.f) Expressa origem: French, American, eastern, Greek. Ex.: Mc Donalds is an American restaurant. Jacque Chirac is French.g) Expressa material: wooden, metal, cotton, paper. Ex.: Theres a wooden table in the kitchen.That sculpture is made of metal. No so flexionados quanto ao nmero: A rich boy Rich boys / He is rich They are rich.

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDADE:Compara-se duas coisas de forma igualitria com a expresso: (as + adjetivo + as) e em oraes negativas o primeiro as pode ser substitudo por so. She is as tall as Jane. / She isnt so tall as Jane. / I am as tall as my sister . / I don't spend so much money on clothes as my sister .

COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDADE: usado para demonstrar a inferioridade de uma coisa em relao outra, usa-se a expresso: less + adjetivo + than. Some species are less adaptable than others. / You are less short than your father. / My car is less old than yours./ Your hair is less long than mine.

COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDADE: usado para demonstrar a superioridade de alguma coisa em relao a outra. Quando o adjetivo for monossilbico, usa-se: (adjetivo + sufixo -er + than). A Lion is stronger than a wolf. / I am taller than my sister. / This leather jacket is nicer than the wool one. Com adjetivos com mais de uma slaba, usa-se: (more + adjetivo + than). Julie is more beautiful than Lana.

Examples:1. He always arrives late because his house is FURTHER THAN from work. / 2. Today is HOTTER than yesterday . /3. He is YOUNGER than you. / 4. My car is MORE EXPENSIVE than your car . / 5. That house is BIGGER than this one. / 6. I am BUSIER now than before. / 1. His jacket is more expensive than mine./ 2. She is more intelligent than you. / 3. His office is more comfortable than mine. / 4. This road is more dangerous than the highway ./ 5. Mr . Jones is more successful than hisbrother .1. Jeremy is ten years old. Julia is eight years old. Jeremy is older than Julie.2. An ocean is larger than a sea.3. A rolls Royce costs a lot of money. A Twingo costs less money. A Rolls Royce is more expensive than a Twingo.4. Johns results were bad. Freds results were very poor . Freds results were worse than Johns.

SUPERLATIVO: usado para dar maior intensificao do adjetivo a algo. Quando o adjetivo for monossilbico, usa-se: (the + adjetivo + sufixo est). February is the shortest month of the year . / This is the nicest leather jacket. / I am the tallest in my family . Com adjetivos de mais de uma slaba, usa-se: (the most + adjetivo). This is the most efficient program of all. / This is the most beautiful jacket. / This is the most expensive cd-romnowadays.

AGORA SUA VEZ1) Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.1. When will you travel? (in June)__________2. Where will they work? (at home)________3. What will she do? (work)_______________4. How will Tom travel? (by plane)_________5. Where will you talk? (in the park)________

2) Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.1. What will we eat? (sandwiches)_________2. When will they come? (tomorrow)_______3. When will you study? (next week)_______4. What time will the stores open? (at 9 o clock)

3) Complete as frases com os adjetivos abaixo, usando o comparativo que se pede:Good pretty smart hard old fast1. Peter and Bill always get 10 on their tests. Peter is __________ his friend Bill. (igualdade)2. You have a Fiat 98 and I have a Ford 93. My car is __________ your car . (superioridade)3. Gisele and Daniela are top models but I think Gisele is _________ Daniela. (superioridade)4. Im very bad at History. Im good at Geography. Geography is not __________ History for me. (inferioridade)5. A Mercedes is __________ a BMW . (igualdade)

4) Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).a) The weather this summer is even __________(bad) than last summer . b) Which is ______ (big) animal in the world?c) My car is ________ (expensive) yours. d) This is _____ (interesting) movie I've ever seen.e) Fruit is ____________ (health) chocolat.

5) Write as or than:a) My hair is the same colour ______ yours.b) Brazil is bigger ______ Portugal.c) Tennis isnt as popular ____ football.d) Kelly cant wait longer _____ na hour.e) I play videogames as much ____ you.

6) Write the oposite:a) easier - __________b) heavier - __________c) colder - ____________d) more expensive - __________e) better - ____________

FinalizandoAdjectives/Superlative Interesting - the most interesting / Weak - the weakest / Funny - the funniest / Important - the most important / Careful - the most careful / Big - the biggest / Small - the smallest / Polluted - the most polluted / Boring - the most boring / Angry - the angriest Examples:1. This is the most interesting book I have ever read. / 2. Which is the most dangerous animal in the world? /3. Who is the richest woman on earth? / 4. He was the cleverest thief of all. / 5. The Alps are very high. They are the highest mountains in Europe. / 6. In the government of a country, the President is the most important person.1. Carla is fifteen. Angela is twenty. Carla is younger than Angela. / 2. Brazil is big. It is the biggest country in South America. /3. A Fusca is cheap. A Fusca is cheaper than a BMW. / 4. Peter results were terrible. He was the worst player in the team./ 5. New York is a large city, it is very important. It is the most important city in the USA.1. English is the least difficult subject I have. / 2. This car is the cheapest in the shop. / 3. Carol is the most beautiful girl in class. 4. Bob is as tall as Ted. / 5. History is less difficult than Math. / 6. Lucy is younger than Karen. / 7. Sue is more intelligent than Mary. / 8. Can Bob run as fast as Jack? / 9. A table is usually less heavy than a chair. / 10. She was the most popular than girl in school. /

Os adjetivos curtos so aqueles formados por uma ou duas slabas.Adjetivos - Comparativo de Superioridade - Superlativo :Tall taller than the tallest / Short shorter than the shortest / Small smaller than the smallest /Heavy heavier than the heaviest / Easy easier than the easiest / Hot hotter than the hottest / Big bigger than the biggestOs adjetivos longos so aqueles formados por trs ou mais slabas.Adjetivos Comparativo de Superioridade Superlativo: Beautiful more beautiful than the most beautiful/ Expensive more expensive than the most expensive/ Intelligent more intelligent than the most intelligent /Confortable more confortable than the most confortable

H ainda os adjetivos que possuem formas irregulares para os graus comparativo e superlativo de superioridade. Adjetivos Comparativo de Superioridade SuperlativoGood better than the Best / Bad worse than the worst / Little less than the least / Few fewer than the fewest / Much more than the most / Many more than the most / Far farther than/further than the farthest/ the furthest

Tema 5 Comparing Past Tenses Passado Simples NegativoPara o passado negativo, usa-se o verbo auxiliar did+not para todas as pessoas. Repare que se utiliza o auxiliar did not + infinitivo. I didnt play; He didnt come.

Passado Simples Interrogativo Did you like your teacher? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt. / Did he study Spanish? Yes, he did./ No, he didnt.Repare que se utiliza o auxiliar did + infinitivo.Did you play ?; Did he have?

Verbos Regulares AfirmaesOs verbos regulares no Simple Past so constitudos da partcula ed, no final do verbo, e para isso, deve-se seguir algumas regras:-Verbos j terminados em -E apenas ganham o -D: To dance = danced.- Verbos terminados em consoante + y, perdem o -Y e ganham -IED: To study = studied.- Verbos terminados em vogal + y, apenas ganham -ED: To play = played.- Verbos terminados em vogal + consoante, dobram a ltima consoante e ganham -ED: To stop = stopped.

Verbos Irregulares As frases afirmativas com verbos irregulares se compem do sujeito + passado simples do verbo: -I saw a ghost - She said lies.As interrogaes no Simple Past pedem ajuda do auxiliar DID (passado de DO) + a forma normal do verbo:- Did you drink? - Did she sleep?

Examples in Simple Past:a) I won many prizes when I was young. / b) He drove home yesterday . / c) The phone was ringing when I arrived. / g) We spoke to the director last night. / c) He went to Miami last week. / e) We started studying German last year . /f) I had dinner an hour ago.

PAST CONTINUOUSO Past Continuous o tempo verbal que usado para descrever uma ao que estava acontecendo em algum tempo no passado. Sua estrutura se d por sujeito + passado do verbo 'to be' + verbo -ing. I was watching tv last night. At this time last week, I was playing soccer .

When / WhileO When (quando) e While (enquanto) so utilizados em frases do past contnuos para demonstrar aes que estavam acontecendo quando alguma outra aconteceu, ou enquanto outra ao estava acontecendo. I was studing when John called me. / Daniel was washing his car while I was watering plants.

Simple Past x Past Continuous muito comum confundirmos esses dois tempos verbais, afinal, o sentido que eles passam so bem parecidos quando pensamos na nossa lngua. Porm, veja os exemplos.Simple Past Rita cooked yesterday .Past Continuous Rita was cooking when her husband arrived. I talked to Harrison last night. Simple Past I was talking to Harrison when my cell phone broke. Past continuous Megan cried tonight. Simple Past Megan was crying while his brother was talking to her . Past continuous

INTENSIFIERS Very, Too and EnoughOs intensifiers so usados para dar mais intensidade ao significado dos adjetivos. - Very significa 'muito' quando acompanhado de adjetivos. "very beautiful", "very expensive" e "very ugly". This girl is very beautiful! Im in love with her . Everybody thinks Danny is very clever. - O too usado quando queremos dizer que algo ou est mais do que o normal, como se o very representasse o muito e o too o est demais . This shoes are too big for me. It's too hot!- O enough usado para expressar que algo ou no (not enough) suficiente. Sally is old enough to go out with friends at night. My English isnt good enough to hold a conversation.

Tema 6 Active and Passive VoicesConjugation for the Passive VoiceWe can form the passive in any tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy , as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate theauxiliary verb. Present Simple: It is made. Present Continuous: It is being made. Present Perfect: It has been made.

Use of the Passive Voice We use the passive when: We want to make the active object more important. We do not know the active subject.

Construction of the Passive Voice The structure of the passive voice is very simple: subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle) The main verb is always in its past participle form. Voz ativa: Nobody recognized the woman. Voz passiva: The woman was not recognized.

importante sempre usar by quando mencionado o executor da ao: Voz ativa: Susan is cooking dinner . Voz passiva: Dinner is being cooked by Susan. Quando passamos a voz ativa para a voz passiva ocorrem algumas transformaes: O objeto da voz ativa torna-se o sujeito da voz passiva. O verbo to be usado no tempo em que estiver o verbo principal na voz ativa. O verbo principal sempre usado no particpio passado na voz passiva.Voz ativa: Anyone can plant a tree. Voz passiva: A tree can be planted by anyone. Give importance to active object (President Kennedy) Subject: President Kennedy Verb: was killed Object: by Lee Harvey Oswald. Active subject unknown: My wallet has been stolen. / Water is drunk by everyone./ 100 people are employed by this company ./ I am paid in euro./ We are not paid in dollars. / Are they paid in yen?

Simple Present Active: Rita writes a letter . Passive: A letter is written by Rita. Simple Past Active: Rita wrote a letter . Passive: A letter was written by Rita. Present Perfect Active: Rita has written a letter . Passive: A letter has been written by Rita. Future I Active: Rita will write a letter . Passive: A letter will be written by Rita. Active: Rita can write a letter . Passive: A letter can be written by Rita. Present Progressive Active: Rita is writing a letter . Passive: A letter is being written by Rita. Past Progressive Active: Rita was writing a letter . Passive: A letter was being written by Rita. Past Perfect Active: Rita had written a letter . Passive: A letter had been written by Rita. Future II Active: Rita will have written a letter . Passive: A letter will have been written by Rita. Conditional I Active: Rita would write a letter . Passive: A letter would be written by Rita. Conditional II Active: Rita would have written a letter . Passive: A letter would have been written by Rita.

Agora sua vez1) Mark 1 to Simple Past sentences and 2 to Past Continuous sentences.a) ( ) They were having a dring when I came.b) ( ) John sold his house.c) ( ) Me and my boyfriend found a dog this morning.d) ( ) She was running when I saw her .e) ( ) I was living in New York.f) ( ) We took a lot of photos.

2) Choose while or when in sentences below:a) ________ Sarah was living in Australia, she met many interesting people.b) We were travelling ________ Mike called for help.c) ________ I was talking on the phone, Kelly was making an apple pie.d) Lucas was speaking ________ they were studing.e) I had many problems ________ I was younger .

3) Fill in the gaps with very, too or enough.a) This tea is ______ hot, but I can still drink it.b) This coffee is cold. It's not hot ______.c) This milk is ______ hot. I cannot drink it.d) The bus stop is ______ close to my house.e) They were ______ poor . They didn't have ______ food to eat.

4) Put the verb in brackets in Simple Past or Past Continuous and complete the sentences.a) My mother _____________ (prepare) mybreakfast when I ________ (get) up.b) Will ________(play) videogame when I _____________ (call) him.c) While I _____________ (text), the school bus _____________ (arrive).d) The girl _____________ (notice) that the boy _____________ (stare) at her .e) I _____________ (listen) to the radio while I _____________ (prepare) my dinner .

5) Put the sentences in Passive Voice:a) Erika Leonard wrote Fifty Shades of Grey. b) My grandfather built this house in 1976. c) Mike is painting the house. d) They play baseball everywhere in the United States. e) People eat avocado with sugar in Brazil.

FinalizandoSimple Past x Present PerfectShe bought a new car last month. / She has bought a new car.He was in So Paulo last week./He has been to So Paulo already.Have you been to the Taj Mahal?Yes, I have. I went there in 1995. Quando o agente da voz passiva no for mencionado e tivermos que passar para a voz ativa, deveremos empregar um sujeito:Voz passiva: Those ships were destroyed.Voz ativa: They/Someone/Somebody destroyed those ships. It is said that power and ambition corrupt people. / It is reported that... / English is spoken in Australia. / A lot of rice is eaten in China. / A lot has been written about that. / One doesn't know exactly what happened that night. You never know what to do in a moment like this. / You can't work in such an environment. / You shouldn't believe everything you read./ They make Fords in Cologne. / Fords are made in Cologne. / Susan is cooking dinner . / Dinner is being cooked by Susan

Tema 7 Real Conditions in the Future Future: will usado para expressar ao futura. Como se forma: Sujeito + will + verbo principal (no infinitivo sem to).Examples: Affirmative: They will study hard tomorrow. Negative: They wont (will not) study hard tomorrow. Interrogative: Will they study hard tomorrow? Abbreviated forms: ll (will); wont (Will not)

O Future Real Conditional, refere-se a uma condio ou situao no futuro e o resultado dessa condio. Uma realpossibilidade que esta situao ocorrer. If I go to my friend's house for dinner tonight, I will take a bottle of wine or some flowers. When I have a day off from work, I AM going to go to the beach. If the weather is nice, she is going to walk to work. If rains today, Ill have to buy an umbrella.

ADVERBS OF MANNEROs advrbios de modo formam-se juntando um sufixo a um adjectivo, substantivo, ou advrbio de direco: (adjectivo) + LY beautifully / carefully / easily / quickly / slowly She spoke in a motherly way. / He spoke in a friendly manner. / They walked in an orderly fashion. Mais exemplos de adjectivos terminados em -ly: brotherly, elderly, fatherly, lively, lonely, lovely, silly, sisterly, ugly . Posio dos advrbios de modo: (verbo) + ADVERB He walks quickly. / She drives carefully. / They sing beautifully./ (Verbo + complemento) + ADVERB She read the letter quickly. / He left the room furiously. / She speaks English fluently.

Plural FormsSINGULAR PLURAL SPELLINGA book BookS + sAn engineer EngineerS + sA watch WatchES +es (after ch, x, s, sh, o, z) A fax FaxESA glass GlassESA potato PotatoESA country CountrIESConsonant + Y = - Y + ies

Irregular Plurals Child Children / Man - Men / Woman - Women/ Knife - Knives / Wife - Wives / Shelf - Shelves

USO DOS ADJETIVOS QUANTITATIVOS Many - My mother speaks many languages.Much - There is much work today .Few - There were few students in class.Little - We had little time to study .Some - There are some books in the bag.Any - There aren't any books in the bag.Are there any books in the bag? Little, Few e Enough , so expresses de quantifiers usadas para indicar e fornecer a quantidade de algo. Little e Few significam uma pequena quantidade de alguma coisa, mas Little usado para substantivos no-contveis e Few para substantivos contveis. Enough significa algo suficiente, pode ser usado para substantivos no-contveis e substantivos contveis.

Tema 8 Memories of the PastSimple Past talks about something that happened before. It happened and it finished. Some words are regular and just have -ed added at the end like walked, helped, and played. Others are irregular and have many variations like ate, began, and slept.The Past Progressive talks about something that was happening before, but for a period of time. It uses was or were + verb-ing like was eating or were playing. It gives a background for something that was happening while a different event happened. Example: While I was eating, the telephone rang.So, during the time I was eating (let's say from 6:30-7:00 p.m.) somebody called my house (let's say they called at 6:49 p.m.).One thing happened (simple past) during the period of time another thing was happening (past progressive.)Another example: They saw an old man as they were walking down the street. (You can think of walking as a video. You see the movement. You see the time passing. Think of saw as a photo. It is one point of time. You don't think of the time passing. )

Signal Words of Simple Past: yesterday , 2 minutes ago, in 1990, the other day , last Friday .The Simple Past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action.Affirmative: I spoke.Negative: I did not speak.Interrogative: Did I speak?For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add ed. Exceptions in Spelling when Adding ed.Examples:After a final -e only add d : love lovedFinal consonant after a short, stressed vowel or l as final consonant after a vowel is doubled: admit admitted travel travelledFinal -y after a consonant becomes i: hurry hurried

Use of Simple Past Tense Action in the past taking place once, never or several times: He visited his parents every weekend. Actions in the past taking place one after the other: He came in, took off his coat and sat down. Action in the past taking place in the middle of another action: When I was having breakfast, the phone suddenlyrang.

Past Progressive = Past Continuous TenseFunctions and Examples: We use the past continuous to say that an action was in progress at a particular time in the past. The action had already started at this time, but had not finished. I was having dinner at 6pm last night. What were you doing at midnight last night? We use the past continuous to say that an action was in progress at every moment during a period of time: You were working all day yesterday, weren't you? I was playing football all day yesterday. We use the past continuous together with the Past Simple. The past continuous refers to a "longer" or background" action that was in progress; the past simple refers to a shorter action that interrupted the longer action, or happened in the middle of it: - He was walking to work when he met John./ - She was eating when the phone rang. /- While I was working in the garden, I heard a woman scream. We use the Past Continuous to say that an action in the past was temporary: You were working in the Sales Department last month, weren't you? / They were living in Paris for a year .We use the Past Continuous with words such as always to talk about things that happened repeatedly . : Grandpa was always telling us funny stories about his life and cracking jokes.

Simple Past & Past Continuous Tenses1. While I was texting, the school bus arrived. / 2. Cindy broke her leg while she was snowboarding. / 3. He was listening to the radio while he was preparing breakfast. / 4. My father was driving at 70 km/h when a policeman stopped him. 5. The girl noticed that the boy was watching her .

Agora sua vez...01) Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.a) When will you travel? (in June)_________b) Where will they work? (at home)________c) What will she do? (work)______________d) How will Tom travel? (by plane)_________ e) What will we eat? (sandwiches)_________f) When will they come? (tomorrow)_______g) When will you study? (next week)_______h) What time will the stores open? (at 9 o clock)_________

02) Circle the adjective in each statement. Change the adjective to an adverb and write it on the line. Some adjectives and adverbs have the same form. Ex.: I ate my food quick. Quickly. a) I finished the work easy . _______________ b) They sold the house cheap. ____________ c) She waited for you patient. _____________ d) I didnt tie the rope secure. ____________ e) I want to pronounce words correct. ______ f) He held the baby careful. ____________ g) I didnt arrive late.____________________

03) Change the following adjectives to adverbs of manner . a) Quick____________________ b) Dangerous________________ c) Normal___________________ d) Safe_____________________ e) Rapid____________________ f) Fast_____________________ g) Constant_________________ h) Slow_____________________ i) Good____________________

04) Complete com much ou many:a) Sue drinks _____________ tea.b) Jim always puts _____________ salt on his food.c) You have _______________ friends.d) Do you know _______________ people?e) It costs _________________ money to repair the sofa.

05) Write first conditions sentences. Ex.: (she/go/France/have/learn French) If she goes to France, she'll have to learnFrench.a) (Daniel/ pass/exame/win a present) _____________________________________b) (not/rain/the studants/practice sports in the playground)_____________________________________c) (you/ wear/ seatbelt/ be/safe in an accident)_____________________________________

Finalizando... O used to usado para manifestar aes que costumavam ser feitas no passado e hoje no acontece mais. I used to work on saturdays. My family used to spend their Summer vacations in Recife. Now they go to different places. I used to be happy . WOULD Podemos usar o would como uma variao do used to, pois ambos tm a funo de falar sobre as coisas que aconteciam no passado e hoje no acontecem mais, como atividades, hbitos ou eventos. Porm, a diferena que o would no usado com o verbo to be na frase, logo ele no usado para falar de condies passadas ou estados. Nesses casos, aceito apenas o uso do used to. Magie would be very intelligent/ Magie used to be very intelligent. / I would have long hair ./ I used to have long hair . possvel usar o would apenas para variar o uso no used to quando estamos contando uma sequncia de fatos passados. bastante comum tambm usar a constrao d ao invs da palavra toda. We used to wake up early on Christmas morning. Then, wed go to the living room and wait for my mom to arrive.After she arrived, we would open the presents, and then we used to have breakfast. PAST PASSIVE VOICE Fbio opened the door . / The door was opened by Fbio. sempre importante lembrar que para construir uma frase na voz passiva a estrutura ser: Subject + finite form of to be + Past Participle (3rd column of irregular verbs). Somebody cleans this room every day ./ This room is cleaned every day . Somebody cleaned this room yesterday ./ This room was cleaned yesterday . Somebody is cleaning the room at the moment./ The room is being cleaned at the moment.

Tema 9 Learning about Modals

Modal Verb: Can It Express Ability / Possibility; Inability / Impossibility; Asking for permission; Request . They can control their own budgets. / We cant fix it. / Can I smoke here? / Can you help me?

Modal Verb: CouldAsking for permission; Request; Suggestion; Future possibility; Ability in the past. Could I borrow your dictionary? / Could you say it again more slowly? / We could try to fix it ourselves. I think we could have another Gulf War. / He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

MayAsking for permission; Future possibility.May I have another cup of coffee? / China may become a major economic power.

MightPresent possibility; Future possibility. We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. / They might give us a 10% discount.

MODAL VERBS: Can we leave for dinner?/ Could they work together?/ Must she must study hard?/ They couldnt work later. She cant go out./ You mustnt smoke here.TO BE ABLE TO He will be able to swim tomorrow./ He was able to read that letter yesterday ./ He is able to come today . He will be able to travel next year ./ He was not able to drive the car last night. CAN I can go with you./ He can speak English./ We can have a good time here./ I can walk to school in the morning. She can write beautiful letters./ My friends can play tennis.Must: Necessity / Obligation; Prohibition. We must say good-bye now. / They mustnt disrupt the work more than necessary.Ought to: Saying whats right or correct. We ought to employ a professional writer.Shall : Offer ; Suggestion; Asking what to do. Shall I help you with your luggage? / Shall we say 2.30 then? / Shall I do that or will you? Should: Saying whats right or correct; Recommending action; Uncertain prediction. We should sort out this problem at once. / I think we should check everything again. / Profits should increase next year. WILL: Instant decisions; Offer; Promise; Certain prediction. I cant see any taxis so Ill walk. / I'll do that for you if you like. / Ill get back to you first thing on Monday. Profits will increase next year.WOULD: Asking for permission; Request; Request; Making arrangements; Invitation; Preferences. Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me? / Would you pass the salt please? / Would you mind waiting a moment? / "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "Thatd be fine." / Would you like to play golf this Friday? / "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "Id like tea please.Meaning Exampleto express ability I can speak a little Russian.to request permission Can I open the window?to express possibility I may be home late.to request permission May I sit down, please?to express obligation I must go now.to express strong belief She must be over 90 years old.to give advice You should stop smoking.to request or offer Would you like a cup of tea?in if -sentences If I were you, I would say sorry . Can: pode ser usado para expressar permisso, possibilidade; habilidade, solicitao... Can I drink water? / I can speak English. / They can control their own budgets./ We cant fix it./ Can I smoke here? Can you help me? Could: empregado para expressar habilidade, s que no passado. usado com o sentindo de poderia, em umcontexto mais formal. I could ride a bike when I was 5 years old./ Could you bring me a sandwich and a coke,please? Could: Asking for permission. Request. Suggestion. Future possibility . Ability in the past. Could I borrow your dictionary?/ Could you say it again more slowly? / We could try to fix it ourselves./ I think we could have another Gulf War . He gave up his old job so he could work for us.

May: usado para expressar uma possibilidade no presente ou no futuro. Tambm pode ser usado para pedirpermisso, no entanto, may usado em contextos mais formais que o can. It may rain tomorrow. May I go to the bathroom? May I have another cup of coffee? China may become a major economic power .

Might: usado para expressar possibilidades no passado ou no presente. She might have come to the party ./ He might have lunch with us tomorrow. / We'd better phone tomorrow, they might be eating their dinner now. / They might give us a 10% discount.

Should e Ought to: usado para expressar um conselho. You should go to the doctor./ You ought to quit smoking. / We ought to employ a professional writer./ We should sort out this problem at once./ I think we should check everything again. / Profits should increase next year .

Must: usado para expressar obrigao. You must go to school. / She must study more. / We must say good-bye now. / They mustnt disrupt the work more than necessary .

Used to: empregado para expressar um hbito do passado. I used to watch cartoons when I was a child./ She used to play on the street when she was 8 years old.

Shall (More common in the UK than the US) : OfferSuggestion. Asking what to do. Shall I help you with your luggage? Shall we say 2.30 then?/ Shall I do that or will you?

WILL: Instant decisions. Offer . Promise. Certain prediction I cant see any taxis so Ill walk./ I'll do that for you if you like./ Ill get back to you first thing on Monday./ Profits will increase next year .

WOULD: Asking for permission. Request. Making arrangements. Invitation. Preferences. Would you mind if I brought a colleague with me?/ Would you pass the salt please? / Would you mind waiting a moment? / "Would three o`clock suit you?" - "Thatd be fine."/ Would you like to play golf this Friday? "Would you prefer tea or coffee?" - "Id like tea please."

Agora sua vez...01) Rewrite the sentences using may. a) Hes trying to explain it to her.___________b) Itll rain tomorrow.____________________c) Shes playing tennis in the afternoon._____d) The boys go to the mountains during their vacation.____e) My father finished his work._____________f) Ive received a letter.__________________

02) Rewrite the sentences using might. a) We will stay in Chicago.________________b) The next lesson is hard.________________c) There is someone in the garden._________d) There is a mistake in your composition.___e) I am going to L.A.____________________

03) Underline the modal verbs:When Helen was 6 years old her parents took her to Baltimore and then to Washington to famous doctors to find out if they could do something to make her hear and see again, but the doctors could do nothing. The childwas hopelessly deaf. Dr . Bell said the Kellers should address the Perkins Institution for the blind in Boston and ask if they could send someone to help the child.

04) I didnt feel very well yesterday .I ____ eat anything.a) cannotb) couldntc) mustnt

05) You ______ look at me when I am talking to you.a) couldb) shouldc) would

06) I was using my pencil a minute ago. It ______ be here somewhere!a)canb)couldc)mustd)Would

07) You really _______ be late again.a)must notb)dont have to be

08) If you dont start working harder, you ______ repeat the course next year .a)have tob)Mustc)will have to

09) His parents spoil him. Hes always ____ to do whatever he wants.a)been ableb)been allowed

Finalizando... May I use your umbrella? (Permisso) He may be in the library . (Possibilidade) Sorry , I can not understand what you are saying. (Capacidade) The students must behave as I say . (Obrigao) She must be very busy, since she has three children, a job and a house to take care. (Suposio) Shall we go for a drink after work? (Convite) Can I leave now? (Permisso - informal) Could I leave now? (Permisso - formal) It is late, you should go home. (Conselho) She can arrive after dinner. (Possibilidade) She must be at the beauty salon. (Deduo) You should see a dentist. (Conselho) Mustn't do something -> It's forbidden for someone to do something. Couldn't do something -> Someone is unable to do something. Don't have to do something -> It isn't necessary for someone to do something. Shouldn't do something -> It isn't a good idea for someone to do something. Should do something -> It's a good Idea for someone to do something. Might do something -> It's a possibility that someone might do something. I must go to the supermarket today . / You must be tired. / You must see the new film with Brad Pitt. / You mustn't work on dad's computer . / You may not work on dad's computer . / I needn't go to the supermarket, we're going to the restaurant tonight. / You ought to drive carefully in bad weather ./ You ought to switch off the light when you leave the room. / Shall I carry your bag? / You should drive carefully in bad weather . / You should switch off the light when you leave / Will you please shut the door? / I think it will rain on Friday . / I will stop smoking. / Would you shut the door, please? / Sometimes he would bring me some flowers.

Tema 10 Talking about Likes and Preferences Prefer e Would Rather: qual a diferena? Observe as duas possveis maneiras de expressar preferncias em ingls. A primeira com o verbo prefer. J a segunda seria com a locuo would rather, geralmente abreviada para d rather. I prefer to travel at night. / She prefers her coffee black. / Id rather stay here. / Shed rather go by bus.

Em ingls, usamos o verbo prefer quando nos referimos a preferncias em geral. Ou seja, aquela preferncia faz parte da minha vida, do meu modo de pensar, do meu modo de agir . Minhas escolhas so tomadas a partir daquela preferncia em geral. Assim, quando eu digo I prefer to travel at night, digo que se eu tiver que viajar em qualquer momento da minha vida a preferncia ser por uma viagem noturna. J o uso de d rather feito quando nos referimos a uma preferncia em determinada ocasio. Ou seja, o que eu prefiro naquele exato momento. Portanto, diante de uma situao envolvendo ir a algum local de nibus ou de txi, eu posso dizer Id rather go by taxi. Para facilitar, imagine que algum chega at voc e diz lets go partying tonight? Voc ento diz No, thanks! Id rather stay home and watch some TV . Neste caso o uso do d rather feito apenas para expressar a preferncianaquele momento. Refere-se quela ocasio especfica. Em resumo, use o verbo prefer para se referir s suas preferncias em geral [coisas que gosta, no gosta, quer, deseja, etc]. O uso de d rather ser feito quandoestiver expressando uma preferncia especfica em [ou para] determinada ocasio.

Both like more and like better (as in the sentence I like apples more/better than oranges) are widespread, but like more is preferred in British English whereas Americans are more likely to choose like better: I like apples more than oranges. I like apples better than oranges. (UK) Most speakers, however, consider like better somewhat less formal than like more, so it may be better to use like more in formal situations: I am deeply sorry for being late to work; I like using public transportation more than driving a car, but the driverswere on strike today (formal situations). Expressions to like most and to like best seem to be used interchangeably both in American and British English. Some people consider the variant with the less grammatical than the one without, but for most the expressions are equivalent: I like him best. (correct) I like him most. (correct, may sound slightly formal) I like him the most. (correct, considered less grammatical by some) I like him the best. (correct, considered less grammatical by some)Like Better These people like better the one they own, but they don't know they own it. Therefore I would like to recommend better alignment of the urban and rural issues. Meanwhile 28% of residents would like better relations with Russia.

Would rather vs. would prefer - to express a specific preference. When we speak about a specific preference, would rather and would prefer have the same meaning and are interchangeable. We went to the theatre yesterday . Today I would rather go to the cinema. We went to the theatre yesterday . Today Iwould prefer to go to the cinema. Would rather can be abbreviated to 'd rather. Would prefer can be abbreviated to 'd prefer. I'd rather go to the cinema today . I'd prefer to go to the cinema today .

Would rather is followed by the bare infinitive. Would prefer is followed by to + infinitive. I'd rather have water. I'd prefer to have fruit juice. We use a past tense after would rather when we speak about the actions of other people, even though that action may be in the present or future. I'd rather you took a taxi than walk - it's not safe on the streets at night. / The film is quite violent. I'd rather ourchildren didn't watch it. When making a comparison we say: would rather ... Than: It's such nice weather - I'd rather sit in the garden than watch TV . After would prefer we say: would prefer ... rather than It's such nice weather - I'd prefer to sit in the garden rather than watch TV . Prefer vs. would rather - to express a general preference. When we talk about general preferences we can use prefer or would rather. The meaning is the same. I prefer walking to cycling. / I'd rather walk than cycle. After prefer we use the verb in its ing form. After would rather we use than. I prefer using a keyboard to writing with a pen./ I'd rather use a keyboard than write with a pen. Would you rather have classes in the morning or in the afternoon? - Id prefer to be / Id rather be in schoolin the morning. / - How about pasta for dinner? - - Id rather have a sandwich. / Id prefer to have a sandwich.

Like Better Consumers would have to pay significantly more, and I am sure they would not like that any better. / And I had this idea that camp was going to be just like this, but better. / Look, if you're going to help me like that, is better if you do nothing / To learn what flowers or fruit smell like it is better to buy the natural article. / Looks like you better start showing the spaz some respect. / I know that it was not easy to reach, because we would all like something better, including your Commissioner . / Looks like I better do a lot more than apologize. / Countries which already have better systems - like my own country, Sweden - should be able to retain them./ If you like somebody, they look better to you.

Agora sua vez...1) Complete the sentences using like & better:a) Do not imagine that the alternative will be a slightly different government whose colours we ____ slightly _____.b) It is ________ that as we can take any points into consideration.c) This allows New Wave to go with the Avid flow in order to come up with more creative solutions that producers ________.d) If they vote ____ me, all the _____.

02) Quando se deve usar prefer ou would rather nas frases?

03) Choose the correct answer .Normally, we ______ going to the beach. I _______ buy the blue shirt.a) prefer/preferb) would rather/ preferc) prefer/ would rather d) would rather/ would rethere) prefer/ like

04) Choose the answer that complete more rightly the sentence.I fell tired this evening...a) They will understand.b) I'd prefer not to go to the club tonight.c) I prefer go out.d) Let's go out.e) So I'm going to play chess.

05) Zake prefers travelling by plane:a) to car .b) to ship.c) to travel by shipd) than a car .e) to travelling by ship.

06) Supply the sentences with Would Rather or Prefer:a) She ________ eat a salad than a hamburger .b) They _______ volleyball. They don't like soccer .c) We ________ watching basketball.d) I ________ stay home tonight.e) We all ________ have the meeting at 8pm.

07) Fill in the spaces with the correct words.a) I would rather ____________ (learn) French than Japanese.b) I would prefer __________ (have) dinner late tonight.c) Would you rather __________ (drive) a car or a truck?d) She would rather __________ (live) alone than with her cousins.

Finalizando... As expresses que expressam nossas preferncias: would rather e prefer to tm algumas diferenas. Quando queremos falar que preferimos algo entre em duas alternativas ou em uma situao especfica, usamos a expresso would rather ('d rather). Sua estrutura a seguinte: Would rather ('d rather) + verb The weather is lousy . I would rather stay home than go out, I dont want to get wet. Hed rather have lunch at home than at work. O prefer usado quando nos referimos s nossas preferncias em geral. Por exemplo, se algum diz "I prefer pop music" significa que o estilo de msica que ela mais gosta o pop. A estrutura dele : Prefer + verb + ing /Prefer to + verb. Veja: Jorge prefer dogs to cats. I prefer not traveling this year . Samuel prefer water to beer .

Perceba, com os exemplos citados, que, quando h mais de uma opo, o than acompanha o would rather e o toacompanha o prefer. possvel dizer tambm would prefer para falar sobre preferncia, do mesmo modo que would rather, pois eles tm exatamente o mesmo significado. Id rather stay here. / Id prefer to stay here. Shed rather go to bed. / Shed prefer to go to bed. Alm dessas, h outras expresses que indicam preferncia: Like better: Which fruit do you like better/prefer, mango or apple? Like more: Which color do you like more/prefer, brown or blue? Would rather x Had better H duas expresses comuns em ingls que expressam conselho e preferncia. A primeira had better, que pode ser traduzida como melhor, seria melhor e usada para indicar que se algum no fizer o que foi sugerido, algo ruim pode (might) acontecer . Youd better study harder for the Spanish test if you want to pass. / Ill get the reports ready by noon. / Youd better! / Id better go to bed, I have to get up real early tomorrow. Fazemos a negativa colocando a palavra not depois do better . Youd better not do that. / Podemos expressar preferncia com a expresso would rather . The weather is lousy . Id rather stay home than go out, I dont want to get wet. Would rather e had better so seguidos do infinitivo do verbo principal sem a preposio to . He would rather stay here. He had better take an aspirin.

1. Would rather expressa preferncia no presente. Tem o mesmo sentido do verbo prefer .She would rather take a taxi. / She prefers to take a taxi.2. Had better expressa conselho, recomendao.You look sick. You'd better see a doctor

Tema: Reviso de ContedoPrefer e Would Rather: qual a diferena? Observe as duas possveis maneiras de expressar preferncias em ingls.A primeira com o verbo prefer.J a segunda seria com a locuo would rather, geralmente abreviada para d rather. Would rather vs. would prefer to express a specific preference. When we speak about a specific preference, would rather and would prefer have the same meaning and are interchangeable. We went to the theatre yesterday . Today I would rather go to the cinema. We went to the theatre yesterday . TodayIwould prefer to go to the cinema. Would rather can be abbreviated to 'd rather. Would prefer can be abbreviated to 'd prefer. I'd rather go to the cinema today . / I'd prefer to go to the cinema today . Both like more and like better (as in the sentence I like apples more/better than oranges) are widespread, but like more is preferred in British English whereas Americans are more likely to choose like better: I like apples more than oranges. / I like apples better than oranges. (UK) I like him best. (correct) / I like him most. (correct, may sound slightly formal) I like him the most. (correct, considered less grammatical by some)/ I like him the best. (correct, considered less grammatical by some)

O Simple Present usado para expressar eventos, aes ou condies rotineiras, permanentes. I go to the gym every day . / She always remembers my birthday ./ He hardly ever goes to the museum. / It always eats meat in the morning. / We don't know each other . / His situation doesn't look good. / (Pode-se usar o Simple Present para afirmar ou negar uma opinio, algo que acredita-se ser verdadeiro ou no). You look great in this dress. / I don't think it's a good idea to lie. / Italians eat lots of pasta. / She doesn t know anyone in her neighborhood. / He never watches TV in the afternoon.Existem algumas expresses indicadoras deste tempo verbal, que normalmente so: usually, frequently, often, every day, all the time. I thank God for my house every day. / She recently has a new apartment. / I sometimes do social work. / She usually does voluntary work. / I wash my car every weekend. / He washes his car very well all the time.

Interrogativa: Use os verbos auxiliares "do/does e no modifique o verbo. Do you like to play cards every weekend? Where do you live?/ Does she work with you all the time? / What time does he go to school?/ When do they leave home?

PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSEO presente contnuo usado para expressar aes que esto acontecendo no momento da fala. geralmente empregado com os advrbios de tempo: now, at this moment, look, pay attention, listen!PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE My sister and I are doing our homework now. What is John doing at this moment? Look! Jill isnt cleaning the bathroom. She is cleaning her bedroom. Pay attention! I am explaining the grammar .

SIMPLE PAST TENSEThe simple past expresses an action in the past taking place once, never, several times. It can also be used for actions taking place one after another or in the middle of another action. Affirmative: I spoke. Negative: I did not speak.Interrogative: Did I speak?

For irregular verbs, use the past form. For regular verbs, just add ed .O Presente Perfeito usado para expressar:a) Aes que comearam no passado e continuam at o presente. I have lived here since 2009. She has studied English for three years. We have gone shopping by ourselves since 2010.b) Aes que aconteceram num tempo indefinido no passado. (Se for mencionado ou sugerido o tempo exato em que a aoocorreu, usa-se o passado simples. ) I have studied English (tempo indefinido) I studied English yesterday . (tempo exato)c) Aes que aconteceram vrias vezes no passado. We have seen that film many times. He has listen to that music several times.d) Aes que acabaram de acontecer . The plane has just landed. The students have just asked their teacher a question.e) Unfinished time. I have visited my friends this week and I have gone to the supermarket this month.

Future: going toGrammar Explanations: Its used for planned or certain actions in the future. Use be going to + base form of the verb (change, be, have, etc) for the future.Examples: I am going to sleep earlier./ You are going to travel next weekend./ He is going to swim in the river. / They are going to visit their parents. / Jack is going to read his new book. / Paul isnt going to work until late today. / Jason and I arent going to have dinner together.

Future: will usado para expressar ao futura. Como se forma: will + verbo principal.Examples: Affirmative: They will study hard tomorrow. Negative: They wont (will not) study hard tomorrow. Interrogative: Will they study hard tomorrow? Abbreviated forms: ll (will); wont (will not) - em promessas: - Dont worry, Ill take care. / - Ill talk to him when he get here. - para oferecer ou se propor a fazer algo: - Im starving! Ill make some sandwiches. - quando algo decidido na hora da fala: - Excuse me, will you have red wine or white wine? - I wont be here next weekend. - My father wont let me go to your party . - We wont go to the beach this Holiday. WILL + TIME CLAUSESAs Time Clauses so oraes temporais que, seguidas de algumas conjunes, se ligam a outra orao. Correspondem, na Lngua Portuguesa, s oraes subordinadas adverbiais temporais.When you get back, I'll make you dinner ./ When you finish your studies, you will be a great doctor . / You will be a great doctor when you finish you studies. / Hell call me as soon as he get in Canada. / As soon as he get in Canada, hell call me.Before I leave, Ill take a shower . / Ill take a shower before I leave.

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDADE:Compara-se duas coisas de forma igualitria com a expresso: (as + adjetivo + as) e em oraes negativas o primeiro as pode ser substitudo por so. She is as tall as Jane. She isnt so tall as Jane. I am as tall as my sister . I don't spend so much money on clothes as my sister .COMPARATIVO DE INFERIORIDADE: usado para demonstrar a inferioridade de uma coisa em relao outra, usa-se a expresso: less + adjetivo + than. Some species are less adaptable than others. You are less short than your father. My car is less old than yours. Your hair is less long than mine.COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDADE: usado para demonstrar a superioridade de alguma coisa em relao a outra. Quando o adjetivo for monossilbico, usa-se: (adjetivo + sufixo -er + than).A Lion is stronger than a wolf. I am taller than my sister. This leather jacket is nicer than the wool one. Com adjetivos com mais de uma slaba, usa-se: (more + adjetivo + than).Julie is more beautiful than Lana.

Agora sua vez!01) Supply the sentences with Would Rather or Prefer:a) She ________ eat a salad than a hamburger .a) They _______ volleyball. They don't like soccer .b) We ________ watching basketball.c) I ________ stay home tonight.d) We all ________ have the meeting at 8 pm.

2) Supply the correct form of the Present Continuous Tense of the following verbs:Study - read - try - sleep - wear - build1. Silence, please! The baby_________________2. Look at Jane! She___________ a red blouse.3. I __________ a book on ancient Greece.4. We ____ hard because we have a test tomorrow.5. The women _________ new dresses for the dinner party .6. The man who ______my house is a good engineer .

3) Answer the questions. Use the words in parentheses.1. When will you travel? (in June)__________2. Where will they work? (at home)________3. What will she do? (work)_______________4. How will Tom travel? (by plane)_________5. Where will you talk? (in the park)________

4) Complete as frases com os adjetivos abaixo, usando o comparativo que se pede:Good pretty smart hard old fast1. Peter and Bill always get 10 on their tests. Peter is __________ his friend Bill. (igualdade)2. You have a Fiat 98 and I have a Ford 93. My car is __________ your car . (superioridade)3. Gisele and Daniela are top models but I think Gisele is _________ Daniela. (superioridade)4. Im very bad at History . Im good at Geography . Geography is not __________ History for me. (inferioridade)5. A Mercedes is __________ a BMW . (igualdade)

5) Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).a) The weather this summer is even __________(bad) than last summer .b) Which is ______ (big) animal in the world?c) My car is ________ (expensive) yours.d) This is _____ (interesting) movie I've ever seen.e) Fruit is ____________ (health) chocolate.

6) Mark 1 to Simple Past sentences and 2 to Past Continuous sentences.a) ( ) They were having a dring when I came.b) ( ) John sold his house.c) ( ) Me and my boyfriend found a dog this morning.d) ( ) She was running when I saw her .e) ( ) I was living in New York.f) ( ) We took a lot of photos.

Finalizando As expresses que expressam nossas preferncias: would rather e prefer to tm algumas diferenas. Quando queremos falar que preferimos algo entre em duas alternativas ou em uma situao especfica, usamos a expressowould rather ('d rather). Sua estrutura a seguinte: Would rather ('d rather) + verb

1. O Present Perfect Tense usado para referir-se a algo que aconteceu no passado, mas que mantm algum tipo de conexo com o presente. I've broken my arm. (= My arm is broken now. )2. O "Present Perfect Tense", porm, no usado quando no se refere ao presente: I missed the bus yesterday .3. O Present Perfect Tense tambm usado quando se referir s consequncias que aes consumadas tm no presente: Suzy has had a baby . George has shot his girlfriend.4. O "Present Perfect Tense" tambm usado para afirmar e/ou perguntar/negar se algo j aconteceu alguma vez, se j aconteceu antes, se nunca aconteceu, se aconteceu at certa data, se no aconteceu at certo perodo, se algo ainda no aconteceu. Have you ever seen Elvis Presley? I've never seen Elvis Presley .

Degree of Adjectives:Os adjetivos curtos so aqueles formados por uma ou duas slabas.Adjetivos - Comparativo de Superioridade - SuperlativoTall taller than the tallestShort shorter than the shortestSmall smaller thanthe smallestHeavy heavier than the heaviestEasy easier than the easiestHot hotter than the hottestBig bigger than the biggest

Os adjetivos longos so aqueles formados por trs ou mais slabas.Adjetivos Comparativo de Superioridade SuperlativoBeautiful more beautiful than the most beautifulExpensive more expensive than the most expensiveIntelligent more intelligent than the most intelligentConfortable more confortable than the most confortable

H ainda os adjetivos que possuem formas irregulares para os graus comparativo e superlativo de superioridade.Adjetivos Comparativo de Superioridade SuperlativoGood better than the bestBad worse than the worstLittle less than the leastFew fewer than the fewestMuch more than the mostMany more than the mostFar farther than/further than the farthest/ the furthest

PAST CONTINUOUSO Past Continuous o tempo verbal que usado para descrever uma ao que estava acontecendo em algum tempo no passado. Sua estrutura se d por sujeito + passado do verbo 'to be' + verbo -ing. I was watching tv last night./ At this time last week, I was playing soccer .

When / WhileO When (quando) e While (enquanto) so utilizados em frases do past contnuos para demonstrar aes que estavam acontecendo quando alguma outra aconteceu, ou enquanto outra ao estava acontecendo. I was studing when John called me. Daniel was washing his car while I was watering plants.

Simple Past x Past Continuous muito comum confundirmos esses dois tempos verbais, afinal, o sentido que eles passam so bem parecidos quando pensamos na nossa lngua. Porm, veja os exemplos. Simple Past Rita cooked yesterday .Past Continuous Rita was cooking when her husband arrived.