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Comparability
ComparabilityTell your story using numbers and wordsSusan Andre, Title I CoordinatorEast Baton Rouge Parish School SystemfairimpartialunprejudicedequitableobjectivereasonableunbiasedequaljustmoderateWordsDistrict-wide salary schedulePolicy for equivalent staffingPolicy for equivalent instructional materials and suppliesNumbersStudent/instructional staff ratiosStudent/instructional staff salary ratiosExpenditures per pupilResource allocation plan based on student characteristics#1: Is a written assurance filed with the SEA sufficient to demonstrate comparability?No
In addition to the written assurance, there must be
Documentation that policies were implemented and that they resulted in equivalence among schools.
Documentation that comparability was determined using a measure such as student/staff ratios, etc.
WordsRoles and ResponsibilitiesHuman ResourcesStudent Information SystemsInstructional TechnologyLEA Federal Programs OfficeFinance OfficeLEA Legal CounselWords#2: Must an LEA determine comparability every year?Yes
Demonstrating comparability is a prerequisite for receiving Title I funds
Because Title I allocations are made annually, comparability is an annual requirement
WordsRemain InformedPolicy changesProcedure changesKey Personnel changesWords#3: When should comparability be determined?As early as possible
The process must allow the LEA to identify and correct non-comparable schools during the current school year
The SEA may establish deadlines
WordsLEA TimelineImportance of NumbersNumbers both test and prove the policies
LEA is required to test annually
SEA is required to collect at least once every two years
NumbersOrganization ExampleNumbersSource Data: Student EnrollmentLocationTotal of Student_IDTotal EnrollmentStudents in Poverty% PovertySample School A85857992.9%Sample School B51851847591.7%Sample School C1129112985876.0%Sample School D1060106085280.4%Sample School E39039032783.8%NumbersTIP: Gather all of your data before you begin working with it!NumbersYesSchools with fewer than 100 students
An LEA with only one grade span per level
Charter schools that are their own LEAs
#4: Are there circumstances where comparability does not apply?Source Data: Instructional StaffENameCertPositionGLNOLocNameDegdefLast0, FirstXTeacher
01xxxSample School ABachelorLast1, FirstPara01xxx..Sample School AHigh SchoolLast2, FirstXAsst. Principal01xxxSample School AMaster+30Last3, FirstXTeacher
20xxxSample School AMasterLast4, FirstXPrincipal
01xxxSample School AMaster+30Last5, FirstXLibrarian
01xxxSample School AMasterLast6, FirstSchool Clerk01xxxSample School AAssoc #5: Which staff members should be included or excluded?Depends on the procedures established by the LEA (or SEA, as appropriate)
Instructional staff: teachers and others who provide direct instructional services or services that support instruction
Be consistent! Include the same categories of staff members in the ratios for both Title I and non-Title I schools
NumbersNumbers#6: What is the position of ED on the inclusion of paraprofessionals?Paraprofessionals may only provide instructional support under the direct supervision of a teacher
we urge SEAs and LEAs to consider carefully whether a paraprofessional supported with State and local funds should be considered equivalent to a teacher or other instructional staff
Do not include aides not involved in providing instructional support
NumbersNoOnly if the State considers preschool to be part of elementary and secondary education
#7: Should preschool staff and student enrollment be included?NumbersIf the LEA continues to track its funds separately, calculations are the same as for targeted assistance schools
Determine the percentage of Federal funds to the total funds available in a schoolwide program school
Use a method for determining comparability that is not dependent on identifying instructional staff paid with State and local funds.
#8: How can the LEA determine which staff are paid with State and local funds in a schoolwide program?Source Data: AAS InformationAttendance Area Selection (AAS)
Title I and non-Title I schools (if any)
Skipped schools?
NumbersAttendance Center
SW/TANot ServedPublic Low IncomeLow Income PercentPublic AllocationPer Pupil AmountGrade SpanES #1SW360100.00%132,120$367K-5ES #2SW30799.68%112,669$367K-5MS #3SW48998.19%173,595$3556-8MS #4SW87392.87%284,598$3266-8HS #5SW69591.09%219,620$3169-12Source Data: AAS InformationWhat information is needed from the Attendance Area Selection?
NumbersAttendance Area SelectionTitle I & non-title I schoolsTitle I schools onlyComparing Title I schools to non-Title I schools
Guidance methods:Example 1Example 2
Comparing higher-poverty schools to lower-poverty schools
Guidance methods:Example 3Example 4Example 5Example 6
Numbers#9: Should skipped schools be included in comparability calculations?Yes
In order to be skipped, a school must be comparable
Exclude any supplemental State and local funds in skipped schools that make it eligible to be skipped
Treat the skipped school as a Title I school
Numbers CalculationsApply the method chosen
Determine if the schools are comparable
If not, further refine the calculationsNumbersGuidance: Example 1NumbersTitle I and non-Title I elementary schools are compared
Annually compares student/instructional staff ratios for its non-Title I schools
110% of Student FTE ratio for non-Title I schools (12.8 x 1.1)NumbersYes, butThere should be a significant difference in the enrollments of schools within the grade span
Example, if the largest school has an enrollment that is two times that of the smallest school
#10: Does the LEA have the option to divide grade spans into large and small groups?Guidance: Example 2Large and small Title I and non-Title I elementary schools are compared
The LEA serves 12 of its 21 elementary schools
Divides its elementary schools between large and small
Then compares student/instructional staff ratiosNumbersNumbersYes
If all schools are served with Title I funds, the LEA must use State and local funds to provide services that are substantially comparable in each school
#11: If all schools in an LEA (or grade span grouping) are Title I, must the LEA demonstrate comparability?Guidance: Example 3All LEA schools are Title I schools
Different grade spans are compared
Method 1: LEA determines if all schools fall between 90 and 110 percent of the student/instructional staff average
NumbersGuidance: Example 3Further refinement is necessary
Divides schools into grade spans
Grade spansElementary SchoolsMiddle SchoolsHigh Schools*
*There is only one high school in the district, so a comparability calculation is not required
NumbersNumbersNo, butThe number of grade spans should match the basic organization of schools in the LEA
#12: Are there limitations on the number of grade spans an LEA may use?Guidance: Example 4All elementary schools are Title I
Large and small schools are compared
Method 1: LEA determines if all schools fall between 90 and 110 percent of the student/instructional staff average
NumbersGuidance: Example 4Further refinement is necessary
Divides schools into larger and smaller
Largest school = 641 students, yet the example uses a break point of 420 (as opposed to 50% or 320).NumbersThere are rules we have been taught that are not necessarily in place when the examples are closely examined!!!!33Guidance: Example 5All elementary schools are Title I
Method 1: LEA determines if all schools fall between 90 and 110 percent of the student/instructional staff average
NumbersGuidance: Example 5Further refinement is necessary
High-poverty schools are compared to high-poverty schools
Low-poverty schools are compared to low-poverty schoolsNumbersGuidance: Example 6All elementary schools in the LEA are Title I schools
Each high-poverty school is compared to a limited comparison group of low-poverty schools
Logical breakpoint: significant differences in poverty levelsNumbersGuidance: Examples 7 & 8Example 7: the LEA uses the per-pupil amount of State and local funds allocated to schools as the basis for comparison
Example 8: similar to example 7, but the LEA further refines by grade spansNumbersNumbersCharters Under the LEA UmbrellaGuidance provides one example (question B-8)
Gives the option of using two different methods
Traditional schools: compare Title I to non-Title I using student/instructional staff ratios
Charters Under the LEA UmbrellaCharter schools: Per-student amount of State and local funds in Title I charters to the traditional non-Title I schools
Note: charter schools under the LEA must be included in the comparisons with traditional schools. They may not be treated separately.
Numbers