Teleo to Final - Lang2

8/8/2019 Teleo to Final - Lang2

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VANESSA C.SALILIG FATIMA MAE P.BASTASA

DEEAN URSULA

G. CATIS


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Teleological

Theory

BY: FATIMA MAE P.

BASTASA, RN


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TELE O

LOGICAL

T HEORY

02

Greek word telos, teleos meaningpurpose or end

the end justifies the means Focus on the consequence of an act A.K.A - CONSEQUENTIALIST

MEAN MEAN MEAN


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A. DOES NOT LISTEN

NO IDEA FAIL INEXAM

SPEAKER GETSDISTRACTED

WASTE TIME TEACHER CALLS YOUR

ATTENTION CLASSMATES WILL

THINK THAT YOU SUCK

B. LISTENS

UNDERSTANDS THELECTURE AND GET AHIGH GRADE

CLASSMATES WILL NOTBE BOTHERED

COMPLIMENT TO THESPEAKER

TEACHER WILL GIVE YOUHIGH GRADE INCONDUCT

03

WHICH CONSEQUENCE IS MOREFAVORABLE?

THEREFORE, THE ACT/MEAN ISETHICAL .

CONSEQUENCES


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04

3 DistinctClassifications of

Consequentialist


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05

HAPPYME

Egoist say: ONE SHOULD ALWAYS ACT TO PRODUCE THE GREATEST RATIOOF HAPPINESS OVER UNHAPPINESS

FOR THE ONE ACTING

1. Ethical Egoism


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06

2. Ethical Altruism

MORE FAVORABLE THANUNFAVORABLE TO EVERYONEEXCEPT THE MORAL AGENT


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07

3. Ethical Utilitarianism

MORE FAVORABLE THAN

UNFAVORABLE TO EVERYONE


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UT IL ITA R IA NISM

08To a utilitarian, thechoice that yieldsthe greatest benefitto the most peopleis the choice that isethically correct.

UTILITARIANISMUTILITARIANISM

Everyone should perform that act or follow that moral rule which will bringabout the greatest good for everyone

concerned

PLEASURE VS.PAIN

HAPPINESS VS.UNHAPPINESS


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10

THE GREATEST HAPPINESSTHE GREATEST HAPPINESSFOR THE GREATESTFOR THE GREATESTNUMBERNUMBER


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10 Consider the following scenario:A doctor is working in the Accident and Emergency

Department of a hospital. A homeless man is brought in with braindamage sustained in a road traffic accident. The doctor recognises him; the man has no family and is in reasonablephysical, if not mental, health. The doctor knows there is still timeto save the mans life. He also knows that if he does not starttreatment, the man will suffer brain death and his organs couldpossibly be used to improve the quality of or even save severalother peoples lives. Assuming there is no penalty associated witheither choice, what would a strict utilitarian do?

Save the mans lifeContact the transplant team to ready them to harvest any availableorgans


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11 TWO TYPES OFUTILITARIANISM

ACT UTILITARIANISM RULE UTILITARIANISM


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12

Morality of any action isdependent upon itsconsequences

Explore all possibilities

Choose the action thathas the greatest utility

Rule is freedom

Rule is morally right if theconsequences of adopting the rule are

more favorable thanunfavorable to everyone


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13 Imagine the following scenario.A prominent and much-loved leader has been rushed to the

hospital, grievously wounded by an assassins bullet. He needs a heart

and lung transplant immediately to survive. No suitable donors are

available, but there is a homeless person in the emergency room who is

being kept alive on a respirator, who probably has only a few days to live,

and who is a perfect donor. Without the transplant, the leader will die; the

homeless person will die in a few days anyway. Security at the hospital is

very well controlled. The transplant team could hasten the death of the

homeless person and carry out the transplant without the public ever

knowing that they killed the homeless person for his organs. What

should they do?


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14 Utilitarian View:

-For act utilitarians , the situation

is more complex. If secrecy

were guaranteed, the overall

consequences might be such

that in this particular instance

greater utility is produced by

hastening the death of the

homeless person and using his

organs for the transplant.

For rule utilitarians , this isan easy choice. No onecould approve a generalrule that lets hospitals killpatients for their organswhen they are going to dieanyway. Theconsequences of adoptingsuch a general rule wouldbe highly negative andwould certainly underminepublic trust in the medicalestablishment.


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15 Euthanasiaa good deathActive, Passive,Voluntary, Involuntary

Both Bentham and Mill arguedthat euthanasia should be allowedfor certain reasons

WHAT DO THE THEORIESTHAT WE HAVE STUDIEDSAYABOUT EUTHANASIA?

concerned withconsequences, not with acts

themselves Less pain only interested in happiness

BUT,Act and rule utilitarianism

would, (probably!) notallow

involuntary euthanasia


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16

A BRAIN-DEAD MOTHER GIVESBIRTH

ROSA J suffered a fatal seizure while she was 23 weeks pregnant.

After the seizure, Rosa J was placed on life-support systems but was declared

brain-dead the next day. She was kept on life-support systems for nine weeks,

however, until she gave birth to a healthy baby girl by caesarean section.During this time, the physicians used steroids to help the lungs of the fetus

mature and monitored fetal growth with ultrasound examinations. Rosa j was

fed intravenously and given antibiotics for infections when necessary. After the

birth, the life support systems were disconnected. The baby was given anexcellent chance to survive, although she weighed only three pounds. From the

time of the seizure, all decisions about Rosa J and the fetus she was carrying

were made by physicians in consultation with Rosa Js family.


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CRIT ICIS MS

17 CRITICISMSCRITICISMS

Future consequences are difficult to predict

Measuring and comparing the 'goodness' of

consequences is very difficult

It ignores things we regard as ethically

relevant

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Teleo to Final - Lang2