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Telecommunication Needs for the Internet Telecommunication Needs for the Internet Infrastructure in BangladeshInfrastructure in Bangladesh
Presentation at the Workshop on Presentation at the Workshop on Nationwide Internet Access & Online ApplicationsNationwide Internet Access & Online Applications
Dhaka, BangladeshDhaka, Bangladesh
Professor Saifur Rahman, Professor Saifur Rahman, DirectorDirectorManisa Pipattanasomporn, Graduate StudentManisa Pipattanasomporn, Graduate Student
Alexandria Research InstituteAlexandria Research InstituteVirginia TechVirginia Tech
23 May 200423 May 2004
IT Facts in BangladeshIT Facts in Bangladesh
50 telephone lines and 3 Internet users per 10,000 population
High installation charge of roughly $200 for a new telephone line
Long waiting time for a new connection of 2-4 years
Themes for DiscussionThemes for Discussion
Review existing IT infrastructures in Bangladesh
Review various access technologies
Identify least-cost ICT solutions for Internet access in Bangladesh
Broad Benefits from ICTBroad Benefits from ICT
ICT for Education
ICT for Health
ICT for Economic Opportunity
ICT for Empowerment and Participation
ICT for EducationICT for Education
Wireless web reaches village children
““Using computers to assist in Using computers to assist in teaching mathematicsteaching mathematics””
“ Primary school children are introduced to computers using multimedia CDs.”
Source: BBC News
Source: BBC News
Schools in remote villages can serve as a venue for adult education, health care and small business activities
ICT for HealthICT for Health
New horizons for Bangladeshi doctors
Online medical centers to provide better care for the sick
CD-ROMs to show how to better treat patients
Transmission of tests to the hub in the capital city for analysis
“The telecentre in Sonagazi”
Source: BBC News
ICT for Economic OpportunityICT for Economic OpportunityICT can contribute to better marketing
opportunities through access to information on:
WeatherWeather
Farming best practiceFarming best practice
Crop statusCrop status
Global market priceGlobal market price
ICT for Empowerment and ParticipationICT for Empowerment and Participation
ICT contributes to fostering empowerment, and making government processes more efficient.
State of Madhya Pradesh, IndiaState of Madhya Pradesh, India
Faster and more transparent access to Faster and more transparent access to government services.government services.
Farmers can get copies of land titles for 10 Farmers can get copies of land titles for 10 cents (previously $100 from corrupt officials).cents (previously $100 from corrupt officials).
Existing IT Infrastructure in BangladeshExisting IT Infrastructure in Bangladesh
Satellite
Microwave Links
Optical Fiber Links
Cellular Coverage
Satellite &Satellite &Microwave LinksMicrowave Links
Satellite is the only way to communicate internationally
Microwave links are the major communication backbone of the country
Microwave speed range from 34-155 Mbps
Source: BTTB Annual Report 2001
Backbone is transferred from microwave links to optical fiber links
Roughly 1,800-km fiber is installed along 2,900-km railway track
Leased by Grameen telephone to spread telecom footprint across the country
Grameen Coverage as of March 2004
Source: www.gsmworld.com
Fiber Links &Fiber Links &Cellular CoverageCellular Coverage
Railway lines
Internet Access AlternativesInternet Access Alternatives< 35km > 35km
Last-Mile TechnologiesWireline: POTS, DSL, Cable ModemWireless:
Fixed Wireless (WLL, LMDS, MMDS, VSAT)Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN)Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
POTS/DSLPOTS/DSL
POTS: simplest way to connect to Internet, just modem and PCDSL: a high-speed connection via a telephone lines
POTS = Plain Old Telephone Service (56 Kbps)DSL = Digital Subscriber Line (768 Kbps)
InternetRouter Modem
ISP
PSTN
Telephone
Computer
Modem
Cable ModemCable Modem
A splitter splits the signal to TV outlets and the cable modemCable modem connects directly to the PC
Delivering high-speed Internet services over cable TV systems (0.5-1Mbps)
CorDECT WLLCorDECT WLL
WLL provides:
Simultaneous telephone and Internet connection (35-70kbps)
Source: www.srtelecom.com
CorDECT WLL = Wireless Local Loop based on DECT standard
CorDECT WLL has been used extensively in India for rural telecommunication
Base Station
Repeater
End user
End user
MMDS/LMDSMMDS/LMDS
MMDS: support max 3.2Mbps per base station, maximum coverage of 20-km NLOS
LMDS: support max 155Mbps, maximum coverage of 3 km with LOS connection
Wireless Local Area Network Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN 802.11)(WLAN 802.11)
Operates in unlicensed bands
Provides speed of up to 54Mbps with 802.11a and up to 11Mbps with 802.11b
Coverage 100-300 meters
Access Point Wireless Card
WMAN WMAN 802.16802.16
802.16 provides path between subscriber sites and a core network
It can provide 60 customers with T-1 speed, range of 50km
802.11 can add mobility to users in the building
Recently introduced, late 2003
Up to 50 km
Mobile Broadband Mobile Broadband (WMAN 802.20)(WMAN 802.20)
802.20 seeks to boost real802.20 seeks to boost real--time data transmission rate to time data transmission rate to 1 Mbps or more. 1 Mbps or more.
Cell ranges of up to 15 Cell ranges of up to 15 kmskms or more. or more.
Deliver speed to mobile users traveling at speeds up to Deliver speed to mobile users traveling at speeds up to 250 km/h. 250 km/h.
Availability: 2005 or later Availability: 2005 or later
WWANWWANWWAN uses cellular networks to enable Internet
connection from cellular phones.
22--10 Mbps10 Mbps3G3GWCDMAWCDMA2 Mbps2 Mbps3G3GCDMA2000CDMA2000
384 Kbps384 Kbps2.5G2.5GEDGEEDGE171 Kbps171 Kbps2.5G2.5GGPRSGPRS14.4 Kbps14.4 Kbps2G2GCDMACDMA9.6 Kbps9.6 Kbps2G2GGSMGSM
Require infrastructure changes, e.g. new base station add-on and software upgrade and new handsets
VSATVSAT
VSAT = Very Small Aperture Terminal
2.4 m or smaller disk
Provide connection in areas with no infrastructure
Cost of ownership
Evaluating LastEvaluating Last--Mile OptionsMile Options
Data rate
Coverage distance
POTS
DSL
Cable Modem
WLL
MMDS
LMDS
802.11
802.16
802.20
VSAT
POTS
DSL
Cable Modem
WLL
MMDS
LMDS
802.11
802.16
802.20
VSAT
Evaluating LastEvaluating Last--Mile OptionsMile OptionsW
LL
1000 lines1 lineCost of ownership
USD 53,324
USD 10,000USD 34
USD 340
USD 13,350
USD 29,600
USD 10,000USD 34,000
Annual Fees to Government**Spectrum fee estimated Tk.30 per year per site per 1kHz for UHF2(20MHz band); Tk.2000 per set per year of Tx/Rx (24dBm).
USD 340,000Customer equipment*Subscriber unit, power pack adapter, patch antenna, lightning protector
USD 13,350Misc.*PC, power supply for base station, O&M software
USD 470,830Total
USD 73,480Base station* Base station controller, PSTN interface module, base station interface card, omni directional antenna, installation kit, RAS, lightning protector, router, hubs and accessories, network management software (for 1000 lines)
Coverage distance 10-35kmData rate 35/70 kbps
* Bangladesh FOB price based on a quote from an Indian company (2003)
** Data from “Licensing New Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Operators in Private Sector in Bangladesh”, BTRC (2003)
Evaluating LastEvaluating Last--Mile OptionsMile Options1000 lines1 lineCost of ownership
USD 239,950
USD 1,500USD 50
USD 550
USD 13,350
USD 224,500
USD 1,500USD 50,000
Annual Fees to Government **Spectrum fee estimated Tk.30 per year per site per 1kHz for UHF2(3MHz band); Tk.3,000 per set per year of Tx/Rx (29dBm).
USD 550,000Customer equipment*Indoor customer premise equipment, power pack adapter, patch antenna, lightning protector
USD 13,350Misc.*PC, power supply for base station, O&M software (estimated)
USD 839,350Total
USD 224,500Base station* Base station, base station interface card, antenna, installation kit, lightning protector (for ¼ sector cell), router, hubs and accessories
Coverage distance 25kmData rate Max 3.2Mbps
* Price based on a quote from a US company (2003)
** Data from “Licensing New Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Operators in Private Sector in Bangladesh”, BTRC (2003)
MM
DS
Evaluating LastEvaluating Last--Mile OptionsMile Options1000 lines1 lineCost of ownership
USD 36,258
USD 3,400USD 8
USD 1,500
USD 13,350
USD 18,000
USD 3,400USD 8,333
Annual Fees to Government**Spectrum fee estimated Tk.20 per year per site per 1kHz for SHF (10MHz band); Tk.500 per set per year of Tx/Rx (17dBm).
USD 1,500,000Customer equipment*Libra 5800 – CPE point-to-multipoint system, includes integrated antenna
USD 13,350Misc.*PC, power supply for base station, O&M software (estimated)
USD 1,543,090Total
USD 18,000Base station* Libra 5800 – Access point for point-to-multipoint system, includes mounting bracket and power supply, router, hubs and accessories
Coverage distance 35kmData rate 24Mbps effective
* Price based on a quote from www.jts.net/724-36MicrowaveRadio.htm (2004)
** Data from “Licensing New Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Operators in Private Sector in Bangladesh”, BTRC (2003)
802.
16
Evaluating LastEvaluating Last--Mile OptionsMile Options1000 lines1 lineCost of ownership
USD 70,200
USD 24,000USD 1,700
USD 4,500
USD 40,000
USD 24,000,000USD 1,700,000
Annual Fee Internet Provider*Annual Fee to BTTB **
USD 4,500,000Misc.*Router, hubs and accessories (estimated)
USD 70,200,000Total
USD 40,000,000VSAT Disk *
Coverage distance few km with copper wireData rate 64kbps – 2Mbps
* Price based on Sustainable Development Networking Program (SDNBD) www.sdnbd.org/sdi/issues/IT-computer/IT_Revolution_A_Millennium_Opportunity.htm
** Data from “Licensing New Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) Operatorsin Private Sector in Bangladesh”, BTRC (2003)
VSA
T
Costs ComparisonCosts Comparison–– user perspectiveuser perspective
n/an/a☺1 GbpsFiber
n/an/a☺140 MbpsMicrowave
70,200*70,200☺2 MbpsVSATLong-Haul
1,543*36,258☺☺☺24 Mbps802.16
47053,324☺☺☺35/70 kbpsWLL
840239,950☺☺3 MbpsMMDSLast-Mile
1000 lines1 line>35 km
20-35 km
10-20 km
0-10 km
Cost/line (USD)Distance from LEData Rate
Options
* Sharable bandwidth
Access charge to use PSTN from BTTB: BTTB charges a one-time registration fee of Tk10,000; installation and testing fee of Tk30,000 at 2Mbps; and a rental fee of Tk76,000 per annum.
Personal Wireless Services: these may include wireless design services, site survey services, wireless engineering services, installation and maintenance support.
Other costs: these may include cost of towers, recurring costs, end-user equipment, housing infrastructure and power supply.
Other CostsOther Costs
ICT Solution for BangladeshICT Solution for Bangladesh
With existing infrastructures, WLL or 802.16 are least-cost options. In any case, backbone must be able to support data needed at base stations
Area: 144,000 km2 - Flat terrain
Population: 133 million people (925 persons/km2)
Infrastructure: optical fiber, cellular tower, microwave station
Take a closer look at a target country: Bangladesh
Possibility for Possibility for Nationwide TelecomNationwide Telecom--andand--Internet Access in Internet Access in
Bangladesh Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, about 90% of the population could be served by as few as 25 towers with multiple base stations using WLL or 802.16 technologies.
35 km coverage
ConclusionsConclusions
LeastLeast--Cost Cost ICT Solution for Bangladesh
Recommend WLL or 802.16 for Bangladesh. Per unit cost will depend on number of clients that can be served from one location
To this end, the proposed solutions will vary depending on the available ICT infrastructure, applications, speed
requirements, and ability to pay for the services.