Telecommunication Group Project

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our deep gratitude to all those who have helped us to complete this

assignment. We are very grateful to our teacher Mr. Kaveesh Gunawardena whose help,

suggestions and encouragement helped us in the completion of this assignment.

We would like to thank Asia Pacific Institute for Information Technology (APIIT) for providing

us with computer laboratory facilities and library as well as the other necessary facilities which

was required for the completion of this assignment.

AICT005-3-2-TELE Asia Pacific Institute of Technology

Table of Contents

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...............................................................................................................2

1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................6

1.1 How and when HSPA was introduced...................................................................................6

2.0 Importance of the Technology...................................................................................................8

3.0 Criteria required for the successful implementation..................................................................9

3.1 Hardware Requirements.........................................................................................................9

3.2 Software Requirements..........................................................................................................9

3.3 Cost........................................................................................................................................9

3.4 Skilled People......................................................................................................................11

4.0 Circumstances on which the technology is implemented........................................................12

4.1 Security................................................................................................................................12

4.2 Regulations...........................................................................................................................13

4.2.1 Government Regulations..............................................................................................13

5.0 Where such technology is best suited for implementation......................................................14

5.1 Locality................................................................................................................................14

5.2 Industry based......................................................................................................................14

6.0 Implementation of Technology................................................................................................19

Figure 10: QPSK modulation scheme (Ron Waltman.2009)................................................21

6.1 Network diagram of HSPA implementation........................................................................27

7.0 The strengths of implementing HSPA.....................................................................................28

8.0 The problems of implementing HSPA....................................................................................31

9.0 Future enhancements in HSPA................................................................................................32

9.1 Dual – Cell HSPA................................................................................................................32

9.2 HSPA+.................................................................................................................................32

10.0 Conclusion.............................................................................................................................33

11.0 Appendix................................................................................................................................34

11.1 Gantt chart..........................................................................................................................34

11.2 Workload Matrix................................................................................................................35

11.3 Minutes of meetings...........................................................................................................36

2


12.0 List of References..................................................................................................................45

13.0 Bibliography..........................................................................................................................49

3


List of Figures

Figure 1: HSPA packages..............................................................................................................10Figure 2: HSPA models and costs.................................................................................................10Figure 3: Equipment cost...............................................................................................................11Figure 4: Mobitel GSM coverage map (Mobitel (Pvt) Limited n. d.)...........................................15Figure 5: Mobitel 3.5G coverage map (Mobitel (Pvt) Limited n. d.)............................................16Figure 6: Dialog 3G coverage map (Dialog Telekom PLC, n. d.).................................................17Figure 7: Airtel 3G coverage map (Bharti Airtel Lanka (Private) Limited 2010 n. d.).................18Figure 8: New transport and physical channels introduced by HSDPA (Simon Binar.2006).......20Figure 9: HSDPA specific transport and physical channels (Simon Binar.2006, Tektronix Inc). 21Figure 10: QPSK modulation scheme (Ron Waltman.2009)........................................................21Figure 11: Modulation scheme......................................................................................................21Figure 12: ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING (AMC)...............................................22Figure 13: HSPA mobile terminal categories................................................................................23Figure 14: HSPA network implementation...................................................................................27Figure 15: Service to user incident for different type of services for WCDMA...........................29Figure 16: Gantt chart....................................................................................................................34

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1.0 Introduction

HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) is the most worldwide deployed mobile broadband

technology in the world. HSPA is the technology used both HSDPA (High Speed Downlink

Packet Access) and HSUPA (High Speed Uplink Packet Access) technologies are deployed on a

network. (Andy 2007, p.4)

As a result of combination of the two technologies (HSDPA & HSUPA) simply get HSPA.

HSPA is strongly situation to be the main mobile-data technology for the rest of the world life.

World widely there are more than 265 commercial networks in 115 countries with HSDPA of

which 77 have been converted to HSPA. 2009 in America, there are 47 HSDPA networks in 23

countries. All UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and HSDPA networks are

hoped to be converted to HSPA. HSPA is a developed technology to 3G(Third

Generation)UMTS networks that developing the path in which data traffic is transmitted over

the radio interface between a base-station and its connected mobile users. (Andy 2007, p.4)

HSPA improves the path in which upload and download data is transmitted in data packets over

the radio interface, improves the peak data rates and improving network efficiency through the

dynamic allocation of resources. Within a sector (a number of cells), HSPA enabled networks

can offer a theoretical peak data rate of up to 14.4Mbps for downloads and 5.76Mbps for

uploads. HSPA also delivers data with less delay (latency) between a request and start of transfer

of data. HSPA makes mobile/wireless broadband a reality. (Andy 2007, p.4)

1.1 How and when HSPA was introduced

An improvement to old Universal Mobile Telecommunications System radio access networks,

the introduction of HSPA need the deployment of upgraded radio networks (base-stations and

radio network controllers (RNC)) and the usability of agreed user equipment. Additionally, in

other hand to support the higher data rates generated by the radio network, operators find that

they need to make improvements to their links. (Andy 2007, p.4)

HSDPA give power to base-stations that improve up to 7.2Mbps HSDPA have been

commercially deployed since 2005. HSUPA made changes for HSDP suitable equipment is due

5


to follow in 2007. RNCs from many merchant require only software upgrades to full HSPA

support. (Andy 2007, p.4)

So, most of the operator CAPEX connected with the elementary deployment of HSPA involved

to the establishment of HSDPA-enabled base-stations. In order to handle this CAPEX, many

current network operators are introducing HSPA in phases, starting with urban areas in which

requirements for data services is greatest. To accomplish backward-compatibility, HSPA enabled

networks carry on to support ownership UMTS handsets for voice and lower-speed data

connections. (Andy 2007, p.4)

6


2.0 Importance of the Technology

WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is form to allocate higher bit-rates and

throughput. The first step is to promote the downlink by introducing High Speed Downlink

Packet Access (HSDPA). The second step promotes the uplink by introducing Enhanced Uplink.

The combinations of these technologies are called as High Speed Packet Access (HSPA). So

these are the importance of HSPA. (Uen 2007, p.3 )

• Increasing the peak data rates to 14 Mbits in the download and 5.8 Mbits in the

Upload.

• Reducing the latency

• Controller up to five times more system capacity in the download and up to two times as much

system capacity in the upload, decrease the product cost for a bit. (Uen 2007, p.3)

7


3.0 Criteria required for the successful implementation

We have to identify recourses which we need to implement a new technology at the beginning. For an example we need to identify what are the required hardware and software, statistical data about the cost and the skilled people in related fields which we need to implement the HSPA

3.1 Hardware Requirements

We need to have much hardware such as towers, antennas, USB Stick (E70, Huawei E1550) to implement HSPA. To get connected to HSPA mobile phones don’t specifically asked for any hardware.

3.2 Software Requirements

Developers mainly consider about the security of data when they are implementing the new technology. So for that the developers should have a vast knowledge to implement such a technology and to maintain the security so that outsiders will not be able to hack in to the system. We can use Mac OS, Linux, and Windows to implement HSPA in computers. But to connect to HSPA through mobile phones we need to have that facility to enable that in our mobiles. For those mobiles the Software regarding to HSPA will come in a CD when you are buying a mobile that phone

3.3 Cost

If a company wish to have a good infrastructure telecom company should have a good financial background as each and every process of the telecom company will cost a lot. In Sri Lanka Sri Lanka Mobitel, Airtel and Dialog are the only telecom companies who provide the HSPA service as they cost a lot the other telecom provider don’t provide this service.

When we are downloading through GPRS it costs for the user for the data rate, but when we are downloading through HSPA that costs for the duration. That means it does not matter whatever the data rate which you downloaded in a certain time period you will be only charged for the hours you had used.

8


For an example Dialog Telecom had 5 broadband packages for HSPA users.

Package Type

Price (Rs)

2GB 690+VAT4GB 990+VAT7GB 1490+VAT10GB 1990+VAT15GB 2990+VAT

Figure 1: HSPA packages

(Dialog Axiata PLC.2010)

Telephone Company Brand Estimated Cost

Sri Lanka Mobitel PHS 100(HSDPA)E150(HSDPA)E70(HSUPA)E170(HSUPA)

Rs.12970.00Rs.1122.60Rs.50567.50 Rs.56073.71

Dialog HUAWEI E1550ZTEMF 100

Rs.11200.37Rs.2246.31

Figure 2: HSPA models and costs

On the above table it showed the cost of the devices which we have to fix when we are going to get connect to HSPA thought a computer.

(Ali Express.2010)

(Twenga.2010)

(Dubset.2007)

(Bidorbuy.co.za.2010)

(VR-ZONE.2010)

(Fones.com.2010)

9


Name of the Equipment Estimated Cost (Rs.)

Base station control cabinet 168826.00

Figure 3: Equipment cost

(Alibaba.com.2010)

3.4 Skilled People

To implement HSPA we need to have skilled people in different areas:

Technical Applications Engineer

Senior Software Engineer

Senior RF Systems Engineer

Cab mobile designer Engineer

3G / Wireless Protocol Stack Software Developer

Telecoms Product Implementation Engineer

Senior Systems Applications Engineer

Field Engineers

Telecom Design Engineer

System Engineer

Senior Test Engineer

4.0 Circumstances on which the technology is implemented

10

http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/248560238/Base_station_control_cabinet.html


HSPA technology should be implemented on a 3G (third generation) network, also now known

as 3.5G technology which is used for HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) protocol.

However HSDPA is not very easy to upgrade. The HSDPA protocol cannot be implemented

using any existing hardware, some parts of the HSDPA protocol can be implemented using

existing hardware, but as a whole it requires new hardware as it breaks into several deployed

architectures. Therefore, many of its base stations will require a considerable amount of upgrades

to deal with the increased data throughput. (David Maidment.2005)

The telecommunication companies implementing HSPA should have their requirements

specified, as to what technology is most suitable and the best location to set up the transmission

towers. All these considerations should be made in order to give their customers the best area

coverage and maximum throughput. Otherwise if a particular area is not well covered by the

telecommunication company, their customers will tend to experience low signals.

4.1 Security

Security of data is vital in today’s business environment, but even with your social browsing and

downloading you still would not want your personal information accessed by anyone. If the

subscriber is constantly on the move like a businessman, he would still attend to all business

matter through his mobile and would want to receive or transfer data safely. If this subscriber

moves away from the cell that covers HSPA and moves into an environment that does not have

enough coverage then he might have a chance of losing the data transfer.

Mobile subscribers will be authenticated by their SIM cards when accessing internet through

HSPA/HSDPA. (Sergei Lurie.2006)

However, since the use of mobile broadband networks is rising and large businesses require

more security for their sensitive data that are transferred over networks, telecommunication

providers have enhanced security of their mobile broadband networks. Telecommunication

providers such as “AT&T and T-Mobile provide High Speed Packet Access with a 128-bit

Kasumi encryption algorithm”. (Peter Rysavy.2009)

11

http://www.informationweek.com/authors/showAuthor.jhtml;jsessionid=5GKCUC1IJGR2RQE1GHOSKH4ATMY32JVN?authorID=1025


4.2 Regulations

4.2.1 Government Regulations

When it comes to implementing the Technology, the HSPA provider would have to abide by the rules and regulations of the Government before implementation. And as HSPA is considered as an internet broadband service, it is necessary to obtain an Authorized License from the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission of Sri Lanka.

12


5.0 Where such technology is best suited for implementation

3G technology can handle more voice channels and higher – bandwidth pipes. But while 3G

allows for high quality voice and media streaming services, it cannot handle high speed data

properly. HSPA technology is connecting the gap between 3G and the Internet. It is overlay for

existing protocol stack that enables high speed data to many users in a cell. This is not a simple

software upgrade for 3G. (The terms 3GPP 2010, 3G Americas n.d.)

5.1 Locality

Financial background of the telecommunication company should be important. Because

telecommunication companies should have good infrastructure facilities to handle the cost of the

day to day activities. In Sri Lanka there are four telecommunication companies such as Mobitel

(Pvt) Limited, Dialog Telekom PLC and Bharti Airtel Lanka (Private) Limited which provide

HSPA technology. Speed of the High speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) is 14.4 Mbps and

high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) is 1.98 Mbps. In local vice and industrial vice each

company should use the 3G network facility to use High speed packet access. (Mobitel (Pvt)

Limited n.d., Dialog Telekom PLC n.d.)

5.2 Industry based

Vodafone lead implementations

Vodafone is start to used 3G technology in 2005. Vodafone Company used their 3G network to

the HSPA. The high speed downlink packet access speed (HSDPA) of the data is 7.2 Mbs/s and

high speed uplink packet access (HSUPA) of the data is 21.1 Mbs/s. Vodafone Company

expected to start HSPA plus technology in the beginning if the 2010. Vodafone operates the very

first implementations to the HSPA plus technology (HSPA Evolution, Internet HSPA)

technology in New Zealand. HSPA plus is a wireless broadband standard defined in 3GPP. 3GPP

is the standard of the mobile broadband. (Anon 2010, The terms 3GPP 2010)

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Mobitel GSM and 3G HSPA Coverage

Mobitel is the one of the mobile service provider in Sri Lanka. This map shows the

implementation of GSM coverage map and HSPA 3.5G coverage map of Mobitel (Pvt) Limited.

Mobitel covers the major part of the Sri Lanka through their increasing network capacity. They

plan to establish the 2000 base stations end of the year 2009.

Figure 4: Mobitel GSM coverage map (Mobitel (Pvt) Limited n. d.)

14


Figure 5: Mobitel 3.5G coverage map (Mobitel (Pvt) Limited n. d.)

Dialog 3G Coverage.

15


Figure 6: Dialog 3G coverage map (Dialog Telekom PLC, n. d.)

Airtel 3G Coverage

16


Figure 7: Airtel 3G coverage map (Bharti Airtel Lanka (Private) Limited 2010 n. d.)

6.0 Implementation of Technology

17


HSPA technology is a 3G network architecture based on UMTS networks, which has two main

mobile telephony protocols HSDPA and HSUPA. HSDPA is also known as 3.5G, as it is a more

enhanced version than 3G.

Node B

“The Node B is the function within the UMTS network that provides the physical radio link

between the UE (User Equipment) and the network.” (Mpirical Limited.2010). Node b has radio

frequency transmitters and also receivers to provide services to their customers.

Node B also known as the base stations are responsible for handling the users and the network

traffic of its network. Since the base stations (Node B) handle the network traffic, it would

generate fewer network delays as most of the processing is done in the base station.

Radio Network Controller

“The Radio Network Controller (RNC) is the governing element in the UMTS radio access

network (UTRAN) responsible for control of the Node Base Stations (BS).” (Javvin

Technologies Inc. n. d)

In other words, RNC is mainly used to control node B, where the RNC would handle radio

resource management, mobility management, and encryption (for security). In encryption, the

data would be encrypted before it’s send from the users mobile. The RNC would also allow to

connect to the SGSN (Serving GPRS Support Node) and Circuit Switched Core Network

through Media Gateway (MGW) in the Packet Switched Core Network.

HS-DSCH

18


HS-DSCH (High-Speed Downlink Shared Channel) is a transport channel added to UMTS

network to increase the downlink data rates. This channel would be shared by a number of users

who use HSDPA.

Zahid Ghadialy (2004) stated that:

The High Speed Downlink Shared Channel is a downlink transport channel shared by several

UEs. The HS-DSCH is associated with one downlink DPCH, and one or several Shared Control

Channels (HS-SCCH). The HS-DSCH is transmitted over the entire cell or over only part of the

cell using e.g. beam-forming antennas.

Figure 8: New transport and physical channels introduced by HSDPA (Simon Binar.2006)

Other than the HS-DSCH, there are three more physical and transport channels that have been

included in HSDPA like HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH.

Additional to HS-DSCH more transportation and physical channels have been included like HS-

PDSCH, HS-DPCCH, HS-SCCH.

The following table from Tektronix Inc shows the new transport and physical channels

introduced in HSPA:

19


Figure 9: HSDPA specific transport and physical channels (Simon Binar.2006, Tektronix Inc)

Modulation schemes

HSPA mainly uses the QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shifting keying) modulation method for

download transmissions and also to attain higher data rates of 16 Quadrature Phase Amplitude

modulations (16 QAM).

Figure 10: QPSK modulation scheme (Ron Waltman.2009)

Figure 11: Modulation scheme

20


HSDPA implementation is a combination of Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ), fast cell search, and advanced receiver design. (Mobilecomms-technology.com.2010)

ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING (AMC)

Previously WCDMA had used to control the power levels control for link adaptation. But today HSDPA uses Adaptive Modulation and Coding as an alternative link adaptation method to provide a constant power level over TTI

When we are having on our Telecommunication system AMC users close to NODE B are assigned to higher order modulation with higher code rates but that get decrease as soon as when the distance between the user and the NODE B is getting increase. (Mobilecomms-technology.com.2010)

Figure 12: ADAPTIVE MODULATION AND CODING (AMC)

(Conniq.2010)

Hybrid Automatic Request (HARQ)

H-ARQ technology has been to increase the quality of HSDPA .H-ARQ helps to reduce the delay and improve the efficiency of retransmitting data by decreasing the Block Error Rate (BLER) rate into 10% to 20% after the first transmission. H-ARQ also helps to persists transmitting side on the transmission of the current block until it is fruitfully received to the user. . (Mobilecomms-technology.com.2010)

21


Terminals in HSPA

HSPA has 12 Categories of terminals which gives signals to UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network from a relevant category according to the signal.

HS-DSCH Category Number of HS-DSCH codes Peak Data Rate

Category 1 5 1.2Category 2 5 1.2Category 3 5 1.8Category 4 5 1.8Category 5 5 3.6Category 6 5 3.6Category 7 10 7.2Category 8 10 7.2Category 9 15 10.2Category 10 15 14.4Category 11 5 0.9Category 12 5 1.8

Figure 13: HSPA mobile terminal categories

(RYSAVY Research.2008)

22


Equipments which are used in HSPA implementation

BSC- Base Station Controller

(Technological Crux.2009)

GSM antenna which are placed all around the area.

(Bhumi Entech.2009)

HLR-Home Location Register

23


(Motorola, Inc.2010)

MSC-Mobile Switching Centre

(Legasys Intenational.nd)

24


VLR-Visitor Location Register

(Ismail Bahadir Aktan.2009)

25


6.1 Network diagram of HSPA implementation

Figure 14: HSPA network implementation

Above diagram is the 3.5G network diagram which inherited from 3G. Node B is the inborn

version of the Base Transceiver station and that is connecting too many mobile phones and

computers which have the HSPA facility.2G had used Base Station controller to control all the

Nodes. It assigned telephone calls to the nearest base station where the requested mobile is

located but today these duties are done by Radio Network Controller which is a inborn version of

2G’s Base Station Controller. Serving GPRS Support node is mainly work to manage the data

signals while Media gateway supports to send voice signals. The duty of the Gateway GPRS

support node is to get connects to other networks.

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7.0 The strengths of implementing HSPA

According to UMTS protocol (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) is under the HSDPA technology. Now - a - days UMTS networks are the most advanced mobile network. So these are the major advantages in UMTS networks.

1. Can get the high signal rate.2. High speed and good performance.3. Low cost of data transfer.4. An improvement of network capacity.5. Reducing time taken (round trip) for the data travelling.

(Lucent Technologies 2005)

Develop the end-user event. Develop the system capacity. A whole part of WCDMA.

Develop the end-user event.

With one of a telecommunications system, end-user outlook with HSPA depends upon on the

type of services of higher-layer application protocols. Suddenly, TCP (Transmission Control

Protocol), which is common used for packet data services, originally created for the wired

networks and includes slow start and jamming -avoidance mechanisms that strongly effect

performance. A better valuation of the whole performance of a particular service must include

these mechanisms. (Uen 2007, p.5)

And web browsing services as a example the prove data rates are every time limited by TCP and

not the air interface. TCP immigration include of instant crack of traffic conforming to by

relatively long inactive periods. Here upon system load from a user browsing the web is

relatively light. The main end-user benefit of HSPA is when small objects transported through

the TCP is reduced round- drop time. (Uen 2007, p.5 )

27


Figure 15: Service to user incident for different type of services for WCDMA

When disparity to web browsing the slow-start mechanism in TCP has little or no conflict on the

time it takes to download a huge file. Suddenly the aspect end-user outlook is largely head strong

by the data rate of the radio link. A single user downloading a huge file can engage an important

amount of the total cell capacity. Then system weight has a notable conflict on the perceived

outlook when end-users download huge files. Cheatingly shows that the fairly loaded system,

HSPA can decrease the time it takes to download huge files by a factor of 20 and to upload huge

files by a factor of 10. (Uen 2007, p.6 )

Develop the system capacity

More over advantages of HSPA is greater system capacity. For the operator means that Decrease

product cost per bit. HSPA multiplication the capacity in different ways. The first one is

Shared-channel transmission which results in clever use of available code and power resources

in WCDMA(Wideband Code Division Multiple Access). The second one is A shorter TTI

(Transmission Time Interval)which decrease round- drop time and develop the tracking of fast

channel difference. The next one is link adaptation, which maximally increase the channel usage

and assign the base station to operate close to maximum cell power. And the last one is fast

scheduling which prioritizes users with the most fair channel conditions. (Uen 2007, p.6 )

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A whole part of WCDMA

Another advantage of HSPA is that it is an whole part of WCDMA. Large -area mobile coverage

can be provided with HSPA. That means it does not want any extra spectrum or conductor.

Generally WCDMA can carry out simultaneous voice and data services (multi-services) to users

on the same Conductor. This also applies to HSPA means that spectrum can be used expertly.

(Uen 2007, p.7 )

29


8.0 The problems of implementing HSPA

HSPA download speed problem

If a group of users, for instance 20 users use a 14.4Mbps downlink and all the users are using the connection at the same time, this would increase network traffic. If here are more than 20 using users using the same downlink, then the users would tend to experience lower downlink speeds.

Downlink speed can also be limited by the service provider, for example in Dialog Telekom they have a customer policy called Shared Bandwidth policy, and where if a particular user exceeds the data rate assigned by the package that they use, and the speed would reduce after they exceed the limit.

Coverage

If HSPA by the particular provider like Airtel, Dialog, Mobitel does not cover some areas in the

country, the users in those regions would experience low frequencies.

Charges

Cost would be charged for the amount of data downloaded.

Cell breathing

HSPA subscribers most likely experience cell breathing. Cell breathing is when are certain cell

that the user is in gets heavily loaded with other users and the user would temporarily be shifted

to a cell that is more lightly loaded.

30


9.0 Future enhancements in HSPA

9.1 Dual – Cell HSPA

“Dual cell or DC – HSDPA is used for higher resource utilization and frequency. This

scheduling across two HSDPA carriers approach called DC-HSDPA offers both higher resource

utilization efficiency and frequency.” (Imprint n.d.)

9.2 HSPA+

High Speed Packet Access Plus is known as HSPA Evolution and Internet HSPA. This

technology was performed in 3GGP. HSPA+ is related techniques that maintained for Long

Term Evolution (LTE). It is a new radio platform technology which operates to expand the high

speed packet access networks. HSPA+ supports for real time interactivity servicers such as Push

- to - talk over Cellular (PoC), pictures and video exchanging, video and voice over internet

protocols (VoIP). (3G Americas, LLC n.d.)

31


10.0 Conclusion

The HSPA is one of the most popular mobile technologies among the world and demand for

HSPA is still rising.

According to our research, we have found out that HSPA currently offers its user’s the highest

downlink and uplink rates compared to few other mobile technologies. Since HSPA which is a

3.5G network, this is an enhanced version of the 3G network, its telephony protocol HSDPA

allows the faster downlink rates than normal 3G.

In our research project we have first described what HSPA technology is and when and how

HSPA was introduced. Then we have discussed the importance of the technology. When we

researched on the hardware, software and cost, we took into account facts from the mobile

service providers like Dialog, Mobitel and Airtel. Data encryption in HSPA in Sri Lanka is not

very clearly mentioned by the service providers, most of the security considerations of their

HSPA implementation were not given out to us since it would break regulations of the company.

Future enhancements of HSPA were also discussed such as HSPA+ technology.

Overall, HSPA is a faster, more reliable mobile telecommunication technology which offers its

users higher peak rates and lower latency (delays). If there were to be further improvements to

this technology it would be to have more enhanced security features.

32


11.0 Appendix

11.1 Gantt chart

Figure 16: Gantt chart

33


11.2 Workload Matrix

Topics Bhagya N Dumindi K K.D Bhagya Lahiru C

Introduction - - - 100%

Importance of the technology - - - 100%

Requirement consideration before implementation

- 100% - -

Circumstances on which it can be implemented

100% - - -

Where the technology is best suited

- - 100% -

Strengths of the technology - - 50% 50%

Problems of the technology 50% 50% - -

Implementation of HSPA and diagram

25% 25% 25% 25%

Conclusion 100% - - -

Workload 100% - - -

Gantt Chart - - 100% -

Minutes of meetings 100% - -

Group Members:

Bhagya Nirmalee Senanayake (CB003651): _________________________________

Dumindi Kalhari Kaduruwana (CB003636): _________________________________

K. D. Bhagya Subhashini (CB003737) : _________________________________

Lahiru Chathranga (CB003707) : _________________________________

34


11.3 Minutes of meetings

35


Minutes of meeting 1

Date : 22/07/2010Location : L3Duration : 14.30 - 15.30

Group members present: Bhagya Senanayake, Dumindi Kaduruwana, Bhagya Subhashini, Lahiru Chathuranga

Agenda

1. Discussion on the overall project2. Selecting a form of mobile telecommunication3. Distribution of Topics

Description

1. We began our meeting by appointing Bhagya Nirmalee as our group leader. Then a brief discussion was held after going through the Project hand out and the important points were highlighted.

2. Today we discussed the scenario of the telecommunication project and decided to select HSPA, as we were able to find more information to this standard.

3. After we discussed the scenario, we distributed the topics among the group members with their agreement.

We hereby assure that the above information of the meeting is true and exact to the best of our knowledge.

Lecture Signature : ………………………………………………………………………

Lecturer Comments : ………………………………………………………………............

………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………

36



Date : 28/07/2010Location : L6Duration : 04.00p.m –04.30p.m

Group members present: Bhagya Nirmalee, Bhagya Subashini, Dumindi Kaduruwana, Lahiru Chathuranga

Agenda

1. Review the distributed researched details which had been given in the last week

Description

1. Each student found a brief description about the topics which they got.


Lecture Signature : ………………………………………………………………….

Lecturer Comments : ………………………………………………………….............

………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………..

37



Date : 02/07/2010Location : L2-Study RoomDuration : 04.00p.m –04.30p.m


Agenda

1. Review the distributed researched details which had been given in the last week

Description

1. Each student described their topic to others so that everyone can take an idea about the whole topic and gave feedback to each other about their work piece.



Lecturer Comments : …………………………………………………………...........

………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………..

38



Date 10/08/2010Location : L6Duration : 03.45p.m –04.30p.m


Agenda

1. Review the given researched details which had been given in previous week

Description

1. Each student again describe their completed work to the other members discussed the issues that we faced while doing the research and together as a team found solutions to them




………………………………………………………………….

………………………………………………………………….

…………………………………………………………………..

39



Date 17/08/2010Location : L2-Study RoomDuration : 03.45p.m –04.30p.m


Agenda

1. Review the given researched details which had been given in previous week2. Topics completed and progressing topics

Description

1. Each student again explain their completed work to the other and discussed further more about the rest of the work which we have to complete.2. Introduction, what the technology is about, the importance of the technology nearly completed while the rest of the topics are progressing.




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Date :17/08/2010Location : L2-Study RoomDuration : 03.45p.m –04.30p.m


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12.0 List of References

3G Americas, LLC n.d., HSPA+: High Speed Packet Access Plus, [Online], Available: http://www.3gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=248 [Accessed 23 September 2010]Airtel Lanka (2010), New: Coverage Map as Of June 2010, [Online], Available: http://www.dialog.lk/support/mobile/coverage-service-points/3g-coverage-map/ [Accessed 12 September 2010]

Ali Express.2010, Signal Jammer from CDMA+GSM+ DCS + PHS 100 meters signal jammer 1pcs Mobile Phone,[Online],Available: http://www.aliexpress.com/product-fm/311408988-Signal-Jammer-from-CDMA-GSM-DCS-PHS-100-meters-signal-jmmer-1pcs-Mobile-Phone-wholesalers.html[Accessed 20th August 2010]

Alibaba.com.2010, Base station control cabinet, [Online], Available: http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/base-station-controller.html[Accessed 21st September 2010]

Andy Craigen.2007, The role and impact of user equipment in HSxPA networks, [Online], Available: http://www.icerasemi.com/downloads/UserEquipmentInHSxPANetworks_White%20Paper%20250107.pdf [Accessed 14th August 2020]

Anon. (2009), Vodafone, Lead Implementation HSPA Plus 21.1 MBits / s, [Online], Available: http://www.techcrunchie.com/vodafone-lead-implementation-hspa-plus-21-1-mbits-s/ [Accessed 04 October 2010]

Athulathmudali. K. (2009), HSDPA (Mobile Internet), [Online], January 18th 2009 Available: http://sinhala.kalingasblog.com/2009/01/18/why-hsdpa-sucks-in-sri-lanka/ [Accessed 21 September 2010]

Bhumi Entech.2009,GSM Antennna[Online],Available: http://bhumientech.com/gsm-atena-installation-maintenance.html[Accessed 18th September 2010]

Bidorbuy.co.za.2010, ** HUAWEI e170 HSDPA // HSUPA / 3G / EDGE / USB STICK MODEMS - 7.2MBPS @ LOW Prices!!! Very limited, [Online], Available: http://www.bidorbuy.co.za/item/25022097/_HUAWEI_e170_HSDPA_HSUPA_3G_EDGE_USB_STICK_MODEMS_7_2MBPS_LOW_Prices_Very_limited.html [Accessed 20th August 2010]

Conniq.2010, Internet Access Guide: WiMAX[Online],Available: http://www.conniq.com/InternetAccess_WiMAX-04.htm [Accessed 10th September 2010]

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David Maidment.2005, Understanding HSDPA's Implementation Challenges, [Online], Available: http://www.eetimes.com/design/embedded-internet-design/4009356/Understanding-HSDPA-s-Implementation-Challenges [Accessed 23rd August 2010]

Dialog Axiata PLC 2010, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Dialog Axiata PLC n.d., 3G Coverage Map, [Online], Available: http://www.dialog.lk/support/mobile/coverage-service-points/3g-coverage-map/ [Accessed 10 September 2010]

Dialog Axiata PLC n.d., Mobile Broadband, Available: http://www.dialog.lk/personal/broadband/hspa/ [Accessed 04 October 2010]

Dubset.2007, f/s HTC Shift X9500 Unlocked wholesale price,$ 450.00,[Online],Available: http://www.dubstepforum.com/f-s-htc-shift-x9500-unlocked-wholesale-price-450-00-t161246.html [Accessed 20th August 2010]

Emani,K.C.(2009).Technological Crux[Online].Available: http://technicalxlnc.blogspot.com/ [Accessed 18th September 2010]

Ericsson AB.2007, BASIC CONCEPTS OF HSPA, [Online], Available: http://www.dcc.fc.up.pt/~mrodrigues/teaching/wn0910/wn0708_additions3.pdf [Accessed 14th August 2020]

Fones.com.2010, ZTE MF100 MBB BLACK DONGLE O2 PAY AS YOU GO, [Online], Available: http://www.fones.com/mobile-accessories/zte-mf100-mbb-black-dongle-o2-pay-as-you-go-6033.html[Accessed 20th August 2010]

Imprint n.d., Dual-Cell HSPA and its Future Evolution, [Online], Available: http://www.nomor.de/home/technology/white-papers/dual-cell-hspa-and-its-future-evolution [Accessed 19 September 2010]

Ismail Bahadir Aktan.2009, VLR (Visitor Location Register) , [Online], Available: http://www.bahadiraktan.com/ [Accessed 19th September 2010]

Legasys Intenational.nd, Solutions : Wireless : Core Voice[Online],Available: http://www.legasys.com/n/solutions/wireless/corevoice.htm# [Accessed 18th September 2010]

Lucent Technologies (2005), More efficient and cost-effective use of precious bandwidth, [Online], January 2005 Available: http://www.3gamericas.org/documents/lucent_hsdpa_paper_2005.pdf [Accessed 22 September 2010]Mobilecomms-technology.com.2010, HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) Mobile Broadband [Online],Available: http://www.mobilecomms-technology.com/projects/hsdpa/ [Accessed 12th September 2010]

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Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd n.d., Data devices, [Online], Available: http://www.mobitellanka.com/broadband/devices.html [Accessed 16 September 2010]

Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd n.d., General, [Online], Available: http://www.mobitellanka.com/support/broadband_faq.html [Accessed 04 October 2010]

Mobitel (Pvt) Ltd n.d., Mobitel GSM and 3G Coverage, [Online], Available: http://www.mobitellanka.com/coverage/coverage.html [Accessed 08 September 2010]

Motorola, Inc.2010, Home Location Register ,[Online],Available: http://www.motorola.com/Business/XA-EN/Business+Product+and+Services/Cellular+Networks/HSPA/HSPA+Core/Home+Location+Register_GSM+Reach_Loc%253ALoc%253ASG-EN%252CXA-EN%252CIN-EN%252CMY-EN%252CHK-EN%252CTH-EN%252CID-EN%252CPH-EN%252CXP-EN [Accessed 21st September 2010]

Mpirical Limited.2010, mpirical Telecom Terms, LTE Training and HSPA+ Training, [Online], Available: http://www.mpirical.com/companion/mpirical_companion.html#UMTS/Node_B.htm [Accessed 29th 2010]

Peter Rysavy.2009, Tech Road Map: 3G Security Is Getting Better, but It's Still Incomplete, [Online], Available: http://www.informationweek.com/news/mobility/security/showArticle.jhtml?articleID=217600492 [Accessed 23rd August 2010]

Ron Waltman.2009, ATE facilitates WiMAX RF test and characterization, [Online], Available: http://www.tmworld.com/article/441163-ATE_facilitates_WiMAX_RF_test_and_characterization.php [Accessed 20th August 2010]

RYSAVY Research.2008,EDGE,HSPA and LTE Broadband Innovation[Online],Available: http://www.rysavy.com/Articles/2008_09_Broadband_Innovation.pdf [Accessed 18th September 2010]

Sergei Lurie.2006, HSDPA vs. WiMAX: Comparing Characteristics and Prospects of Datacom Technologies, [Online], Available: http://ixbtlabs.com/articles2/mobile/wimax.html [Accessed 24th August 2010]

Simon Binar.2006, Tektronix Inc, HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing, [Online], Available: http://www.tek.com/Measurement/App_Notes/2F_19851/2FW_19851_0.pdf [Accessed 3rd September 2010]

Simon Binar.2006, Tektronix Inc, HSDPA and HSUPA Functional Testing, [Online], Available: http://www.tek.com/Measurement/App_Notes/2F_19851/2FW_19851_0.pdf [Accessed 3rd September 2010]

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http://www.informationweek.com/authors/showAuthor.jhtml;jsessionid=5GKCUC1IJGR2RQE1GHOSKH4ATMY32JVN?authorID=1025


Twenga.2010, Huawei Technologies Modem, [Online], Available: http://www.twenga.co.uk/dir-Computers,Wired-Network,Modem-7331,[Accessed 20th August 2010]

VR-ZONE.2010, M1 Huawei E1550 HSDPA USB Stick $100 *NEW* REDUCED PRICE, [Online], Available: http://forums.vr-zone.com/notebooks-netbooks-garage/515729-m1-huawei-e1550-hsdpa-usb-stick-100-new-reduced-price.html [Accessed 20th August 2010]

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13.0 Bibliography.

3G Americas LLC (2010), HSPA: High Speed Packet Access, [Online], Available: http://www.3 gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=247 [Accessed 01 October 2010]

Cell Phone News and Phone Reviews: HotCellularPhone.com (2009), Rogers debuts High Speed Packet Access Plus wireless network, [Online], Available: http://hotcellularphone.com/rogers/rogers-debuts-high-speed-packet- network/ access-wireless- [Accessed 17 October 2010]

Lenovo (2010), Vodafone HSPA Embedded Mobile Broadband Option – Overview, [Online], Available: http://www-307.ibm.com/pc/support/site.wss/MIGR-69424.html [Accessed 05 October 2010]

Nomor Research GmbH n.d., (2009), White Paper – Dual Cell HSDPA and its Future Evolution, [Online], Available: http://www.nomor.de/uploads/1h/pA/1hpAccByjinAOWBDzTNt4w/WhitePaper_DC-HSDPA_2009-01.pdf [Accessed 20 September 2010]

The terms 3GPP (2010), 3GPP harvesting 73% of new Connections in the Americas, [Online], Available: http://www.3gpp.org/ [Accessed 30 September 2010]

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Telecommunication Group Project