21112005

Technology for 2nd Generation Biofuels

Petter Hieronymus Heyerdahl

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GOAL:

TO CONVERT

WASTES AND DIFFICULT BIOMASS

INTO

BIOFUELS AND VALUABLE PRODUCTS

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Pyrolysis: Braking down (lysis) of a material by heat (pyro)

Biomass is heated to

300 - 600 ºCin the

absence of air in

a gas thightreaction

chamber.

Biomass input

Gases: CO, CO2, H2, CH4

LiquidsMicrowave

energyinput

Vola-tiles

Char / Carbonand inert solid material

C

on

dense

r

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Microwaves are radio waves

+- OH

H

Radio waves travel through biomass Molecules are put into motion – that is heat

Frequency: 2450 MHz

Wavelength: 12 cm.

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Heating by microwaves

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Motor

To distillasjonor

condensationFeedstock10 kg/h

C + inert

3 x 1.5 kW-generators

Main components of the microwave pyrolysis reactor

Quarts glass window

Purge gas inlet

5 m

Ø 250 mm

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Properties of the continuous MWP plant:

Totally closed system

No air or oxygen added: – minimum gas volumes generated – high calorific value on gases

Low thermal masses of the reactor give short start and shut down times

Precise temperature control:- Low carry over of pollutants- Facilitates better product control

Small plants can be profitable

Electric input 5 – 25 % of feedstock energy content

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MWP of aspen

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MWP of municipal solid waste

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Why MWP? Conclusion

Powerful tool in concentration of hazardous

components in biomass and waste streams

Waste reduction and in-process separation

Conversion of biomass and bio wastes for

bio fuels, energy and bio chemicals

Attractive tool in education and international

collaboration

Development of new technology – industrialisation