TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED CAPABILITY DEMONSTRATION 4A

TECHNICAL REPORT AD ________________ NATICK/TR-15/003

TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED CAPABILITY

DEMONSTRATION 4A SUSTAINABILITY AND LOGISTICS-BASING: INITIAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND

SOLDIER READINESS USER ASSESSMENT

by Justine Federici Larry L. Lesher Jason Augustyn

and Jessica Howe

October 2014

Final Report March 2013 – May 2013

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U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center Natick, Massachusetts 01760-5020

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TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED CAPABILITY DEMONSTRATION 4A SUSTAINABILITY AND LOGISTICS-BASING: INITIAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLDIER READINESS USER ASSESSMENT

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Justine Federici, Larry L. Lesher, Jason Augustyn, and Jessica Howe

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14. ABSTRACT

This report documents an initial user assessment on Soldier quality of life (QoL) performed for the Technology-Enabled Capability Demonstration (TECD) 4A Sustainability and Logistics- Basing by the Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center (NSRDEC) on 15 May 2013 at the Maneuver Support Center of Excellence (MSCOE) at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri. The purpose was to collect data on what is critical to Soldier QoL in order to baseline, measure, and model QoL at contingency base camps. The assessment consisted of three portions: a computerized (i.e., tablet-based) survey followed by an after action review (AAR) and a focus group. Twelve male U.S. Army Soldiers with experience living in and operating base camps ranging from 50 to 1000 PAX participated in the survey, and 11 data sets were included in the final analysis. Due to the relatively small number of data sets, statistical significance could not be tested, but the data from the assessment provides insight on what attributes Soldiers believe are most important to contributing to their QoL when living in a base camp. Attributes concerning security were rated as contributing the most to a camp’s QoL score. Other important attributes identified were the quality of the latrines and having HVAC in Soldier billeting. It was also found that improving QoL services may lengthen the time Soldiers can perform at their full potential (i.e., days of readiness) and that leadership can both add to and detract from a Soldier’s QoL when deployed. Some of the next steps for the TECD 4A QoL effort will be to incorporate the Soldiers’ suggestions for improving the tablet -based survey. In addition, the TECD will collect data from a larger and more representative sample size. 15. SUBJECT TERMS

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TECD FORWARD AREAS WASTE REDUCTION COP(COMBAT OUTPOST) SUPPLIES SUSTAINABILITY ARMY SUSTAINMENT SUSTAINMENT LOGISTICS LOGISTICS PB(PATROL BASE) SOLDIER READINESS FUEL DEMAND REDUCTION RESUPPLY QUALITY OF LIFE CONTINGENCY BASES WATER DEMAND REDUCTION FIELD ARMY REPLENISHMENT SMALL UNIT SUPPORT FORWARD OPERATING BASES CAPABILITIES ARMY PERSONNEL UA(USER ASSESSMENT) SUSTAINMENT REQUIREMENTSTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED CAPABILITY DEMONSTRATION OPERATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS

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ContentsListofFiguresandTables..................................................................................................................iv1 Introduction................................................................................................................................12 Methodology...............................................................................................................................4 2.1 Participants....................................................................................................................................4 2.2 Procedure.......................................................................................................................................5 2.3 SurveyStructure..........................................................................................................................5 2.4 SurveyAnalysis..........................................................................................................................103 Results........................................................................................................................................12 3.1 SurveyResults............................................................................................................................12 3.1.1BaselineCamps...............................................................................................................12 3.1.2OverallQoLResultsbyMajorCategory................................................................12 3.1.3AttributeScoresbyMajorCategory.......................................................................13 3.1.4QoLBaselinePotential.................................................................................................17 3.2 AARResults..................................................................................................................................19 3.3 FocusGroupResults................................................................................................................204 Conclusions..............................................................................................................................225 Reference..................................................................................................................................23AppendixA:QoLLevelperBaselineCamp.................................................................................25AppendixB:OverallQoLperQoLLevel......................................................................................31ListofAcronyms..................................................................................................................................45

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ListofFiguresandTablesFigure1 LevelswithintheLatrineStructureAttribute.......................................................................3Table1 DemographicDataforSoldierParticipants............................................................................4Figure2 AttributeLevelRatingTask...........................................................................................................6Figure3 AttributeImportanceSortingTask.............................................................................................7Figure4 AttributeImportanceRankingTask...........................................................................................8Figure5 PairedComparisonTask.................................................................................................................9 Figure6 DaysofReadinessTask...................................................................................................................9Figure7 ExampleAttributeandLevelComparisonsBasedonAttributeLevelRatings.....10Figure8 ExampleAttributeandLevelComparisonsBasedonAttributeImportance

Ratings...................................................................................................................................................11Figure9 BaselineCampQoLScores............................................................................................................12Figure10 OverallQoLScoresbyMajorCategory....................................................................................13Figure11 SecurityAttributeScores..............................................................................................................14Figure12 BilletsAttributeScores..................................................................................................................14Figure13 FieldHygieneAttributeScores...................................................................................................15Figure14 MWRAttributeScores....................................................................................................................15Figure15 FieldFeedingAttributeScores...................................................................................................16Figure16 DFACAttributeScores....................................................................................................................16Figure17 TOCAttributeScores.......................................................................................................................17Figure18 MWRShelterAttributeScores....................................................................................................17Figure19 50PAXBaselineCampQoLImprovementPotential.........................................................18Figure20 300PAXBaselineCampQoLImprovementPotential......................................................19Figure21 1000PAXBaselineCampQoLImprovementPotential...................................................19

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TECHNOLOGY-ENABLED CAPABILITY DEMONSTRATION 4A SUSTAINABILITY AND LOGISTICS-BASING:

INITIAL QUALITY OF LIFE AND SOLDIER READINESS USER ASSESSMENT

1 Introduction

ThisreportdocumentsaninitialuserassessmentonSoldierqualityoflife(QoL)performedfortheTechnology‐EnabledCapabilityDemonstration(TECD)4ASustainabilityandLogistics‐Basing.TheuserassessmentwasperformedbytheNatickSoldierResearch,DevelopmentandEngineeringCenter(NSRDEC)on15May2013attheManeuverSupportCenterofExcellence(MSCOE)atFortLeonardWood,Missouri.

ThepurposeofthisassessmentwastocollectdataonSoldierQoLtopopulatethetechnologyassessmenttool(TAT)underdevelopmentforTECD4A.ItshouldbenotedthatduetotherelativelysmallnumberofSoldierswhoparticipatedinthisinitialuserassessment,statisticalsignificancecouldnotbetested.However,thedatafromthisassessmentcanbeusedtoprovideinsightonwhatattributesSoldiersbelievearemostimportanttocontributingtotheirQoLwhenlivinginabasecamp.TheexercisealsoprovidedanopportunitytoexploreestablishinganongoingpartnershipwiththeMSCOEtocollectadditionalQoLdatausedtoinformandguideTECD4AandtheArmycontingencybasingcommunityofpractice.

TECD4A,whichwasinitiatedinJuly2011,isamulti‐year6.3ArmyadvancedtechnologydevelopmentprogramthataimstoimproveSoldierreadinessthroughefficientandeffectivesustainmentcapabilitiesthatprovideimprovedleadershipoptionsatcontingencybaseshousing1000personnel(PAX)andbelow.Inaddition,TECD4Awilldemonstratereducedfuelresupplyby25%,reducetheneedforwaterresupplyby75%,anddecreasewastegenerationby50%whilemaintainingForceProvider‐likeQoLfortheresidentforces.EfficientandeffectivesustainmentcapabilitiescanenableSoldierreadinessandcampoperationaleffectivenessbyreducingSoldierrisksassociatedwithresupplyefforts,reducingmanpower(trooptotask)necessaryforcampsustainment,andprovidingleadershipwithgreaterabilitytoenhanceQoLfactorsthatincreaseSoldierreadiness.

ATATisbeingdevelopedundertheTECDthatwillcombinedataregardinganumberoffactorsthatinfluenceQoLandnon‐materialsolutions(e.g.,timedshowers,improvedcamplayout)withtechnicaldatafromtheTECDtechnologyportfolioinordertoassistwithselectionoftechnologiesfordemonstrationandtosupportfollow‐onbasecampdecisionmaking.

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Priortothisassessment,theTECDteamhadgatheredextensivebaselinedataoncurrentbasingtactics,techniques,andprocedures(TTPs)andcurrentlyfieldedequipmentusedincontingencybasingoperationsinAfghanistan.Thisinformationwasusedtocreatebaselinemodelsofcampsthatrangeinsizefrom“extra‐small”facilitiesaccommodating1to299PAXto“small”facilitiesaccommodating300to1,999PAX.ThisinformationisoneinputfortheTATmodel.

ExtensivedatahadalsobeencollectedconcerningtheQoLofSoldierswhohadlivedinextra‐smallandsmallbasecamps.BetweenMayandJuly2012,NSRDECconductedapproximately20interviewswithSoldiers,atvariouslocations,ofvaryingrank,MilitaryOccupationSpecialty(MOS),andyearsinservice.TheSoldiersdescribedthelivingconditionsintheircampsandexplainedhowtheybelievedtheseconditionsrelatedtotheirmissionperformance.TheSoldierswereaskedwhichattributes,e.g.,rationsavailable(inthefieldfeedingcategory),showers(fieldhygiene),andconditionswithinbilleting,hadthegreatestimpactontheirperformanceoutsidethewire.TheintentoftheseinterviewswastocreatealistofattributesthatarebothcommonandimportanttoallSoldierslivinginbasecamps;however,itwasevidentfromtheinterviewstherewerevaryinglevelswithineachattribute.Themajorcategoriesofattributesdiscussedduringtheinterviewsfellintothefollowingcategories:billets;diningfacilityadministrationcenter(DFAC);fieldfeeding;fieldhygiene;morale,welfare,andrecreation(MWR);MWRshelter;security;andtacticaloperationscenter(TOC).

Forexample,underthemajorcategoryoffieldhygiene,theattributelatrinefacilitiesorstructuresavailableatacampmaybelimitedtoonlyastraddletrenchandurinationtubes.Ontheotherhand,acampmayhaveaForceProviderlatrinesystemwithheating,ventilation,andairconditioning(HVAC)available.Therefore,asurveywascreatedtogetfeedbacknotonlyonattributespertainingtoQoLbutalsoontherangeofpossibilitiesorlevelswithinagivenattribute.Figure1givesanexampleofamajorcategory,anattribute,andassociatedattributelevels.

Thelistofcommonattributesandlevelswerethenverifiedwithover200SoldiersduringadatacollectionatFortCarson,ColoradoinAugust2012.SoldiersatMSCOEalsogavefeedbackontheseQoLattributesduringawargamingactivityheldduringOctober2012(Augustynetal.).Theseattributeswerethenrefined,andlevelswereestablishedforeachattribute,whichcanbetracedtothebaselinecampmodelsestablishedbytheTECDforextra‐smallandsmallcamps.

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Figure1:LevelswithintheLatrineStructureAttribute

Inadditiontothesedata,moredatacollectionswereneededinordertofinalizethesurveystructureandquestions.Therefore,apilotusereventwasheldatNSRDECon21March2013.TenUSArmypersonnel(bothactivedutyandretired)withexperiencelivinginandoperatingbasecampsrangingfrom50to1000PAXwereselectedtoparticipate.Recommendationsfromthepilotparticipantsprovidedthefeedbacknecessarytofurtherrefinethesurveyinstrumentfortheinitialuserassessmentsummarizedinthisreport.

FieldHygiene

LatrineStructure

ForceProviderlatrinesystemswithenforcedflushpolicy

ForceProviderlatrinesystems

Portapotties

Urinationtubesandburnoutlatrines

Urinationtubesandstraddletrench

Levels

Attribute

MajorCategory

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2 Methodology

Theuserassessmentconsistedofthreeportions:acomputerized(i.e.,tablet‐based)surveyfollowedbyanafteractionreview(AAR)andafocusgroup.ThischapterdescribestheSoldierswhoparticipatedinthisassessment,theproceduresfollowed,thestructureofthesurveyportion,andthemethodusedtoanalyzethesurveydata.

2.1 Participants

TwelvemaleU.S.ArmySoldierswithexperiencelivinginandoperatingbasecampsrangingfrom50to1000PAXwererecruitedfromMSCOE.ElevendatasetswereincludedinthefinalanalysisoftheQoLsurvey.Oneparticipantwasnotabletocompletethesurvey;however,heparticipatedinboththeAARandfocusgroup.Table1providesdetaileddemographicdataoneachoftheSoldiers.

Table1:DemographicDataforSoldierParticipants

Rank MOS YearsofService CurrentDP Last

DeploymentDPduringLastDeployment

O‐4 74A 13.75 BNXO Iraq CivilMilitaryOperations/CO

O‐3 31A 19.25 BNS‐3 AfghanistanRCEast

MPLiaison/PoliceTraining/PlatoonSergeant

O‐3 90A 8.17 MSCOEDeputyG‐4 Iraq PLE‐8 12Z 24.00 1SG Afghanistan

RCEast1SG

E‐6 12B 12.92 Instructor/Writer Iraq SquadLeaderE‐6 12B 13.42 BDEOperations

SergeantAfghanistanRCEast

OperationsSergeant

E‐8 88M 32.00 1SG AfghanistanRCEast

S‐3NCOIC

E‐5 92Y 8.17 S‐4NOC E‐6 74D 14.00 Instructor/Writer Iraq QRFO‐2 31A 7.00 XO Afghanistan

RCSouthPL/XO

E‐6 12C 13.25 TrainingInstructor Iraq SectionLeaderE‐7 12H 24.17 S‐3Construction Iraq BOMYardNCO

1SG=FirstSergeant MP=MilitaryPoliceBDE=Brigade NCO=Non‐CommissionedOfficerBN=Battalion NCOIC=Non‐CommissionedOfficerinChargeBOM=BaseOperationsManager PL=PlatoonLeaderCO=ComanndingOfficer QRF=QuickReactionForceDP=DutyPosition RC=RegionalCommandMOS=MilitaryOccupationalSpecialty XO=ExecutiveOfficer

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2.2 Procedure

TheparticipantsreceivedabackgroundbriefingonTECD4AandtheobjectivesandprocedurefortheInitialQoLandSoldierReadinessUserAssessment.Followingtheopeningbrief,Soldierscompletedademoonthetabletstobecomefamiliarwiththetechnologyandsurveytool.Atotalof11participantscompletedthecomputerizedsurveyregardingfactorsthatcanimpactQoLandthereforeSoldierreadinesswithinbasecamps.TheSoldiersweregiventhefollowinginformationpriortocompletingthesurvey:

PleaseanswerthequestionsbasedonwhatisimportantformaintainingyourQoL,ratherthanmaintainingQoLforanySoldiersunderyourcommand.

Youaredeployedtoaregionthatishotandhumid.Theaveragedaytimetemperatureis80°Fwith80%humidity.

Youcouldbestationedatacontingencybaseforupto180days.

Thissurveyutilizes“touch”technology.Ifyouprefer,youmayuseastylus.

Thesurveyhasbothwrittendescriptionsandimagesthroughoutthesurveyofvariousattributesandlevelsthatyoumayfindwithinabasecamp.

Acounterappearsatthetoprighthandofthescreentoinformyouofyourprogress.

Uponcompletionofthesurvey,theAARwasconductedinordertogetqualitativefeedbackonthesurvey.Topicsdiscussedincludedoveralleaseofuse/methodofatablet‐basedsurvey,appropriatenessoftheQoLattributes(i.e.,anyattributesmissingoranythatshouldnotbeinthesurvey?),andQoLlevelsanddescriptions(i.e.,weretheyclearandwouldtheybeeasilyunderstoodbyabroaderaudience?).

The,Soldiersthenparticipatedinfocusgroupdiscussionsinordertoenablecollectionofqualitativedatatosupplementthequantitativeresultsfromthetablet‐basedsurvey.Researchpsychologistsdesignedascriptthatwasusedasaguideduringthediscussions.Topicsincludedfactorsthatimpactopinionsofabasecamp(e.g.,leadership,personaltraining),motivationandmoraleboostersaswellasmoralebarriers(e.g.,food,contactwithhome),andspecificservices(e.g.,Chaplain,sacredspace)offeredatbasecamps.AmemberoftheQoLteamtooknotesonthefocusgroups,whichwerealsovoicerecorded.

2.3 SurveyStructure

Thesurveywascomprisedofsixsections:

Section1:Demographics

Section2:AttributeLevelRatingTask

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Section3:AttributeImportanceSortingTask

Section4:AttributeImportanceRankingTask

Section5:PairedComparisonTask

Section6:DaysofReadinessTask

Section1containeddemographicquestionswhichaskedtheSoldiersabouttheirmilitaryexperience,deploymenthistory,andexperienceoperatingoutofcontingencybases.TheresultsarepresentedinTable1asthedescriptionoftheparticipants.

Section2measuredtherelativedesirabilityofthelevelswithineachattribute.Thissectioncontainedalloftheattributeswiththeirassociatedlevels.Forexample,fortheattribute“breakfastration,”thelevelsFirstStrikeRation(FSR),Meal,ReadytoEat(MRE),MealColdWeather/LongRangePatrol(MCW/LRP),UnitizedGroupRation(UGR)Heat&Serve,UGR‐E,UGR‐A,andUGR‐A+wereshownonthescreen.TheSoldierswereaskedtoplacetheattributelevelsonavisualanaloglinescale.Theyplacedoneattributelevelatthe“worst”conditionandoneatthe“best”conditionanddistributedtheremaininglevelsalongthelineasappropriate.ThescreenshotinFigure2illustratesthistask:

Figure2:AttributeLevelRatingTask

InSection3,theSoldierswereaskedtosortalloftheQoLattributes(e.g.,breakfastration,showerduration)intothree“buckets”(displayedasthreecolumnsonthetablet

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screenshowninFigure3)labeled“highimpact,”“mediumimpact,”and“lowimpact,”basedonhowimportanttheybelievedtheattributesweretotheiroverallQoL.

Figure3:AttributeImportanceSortingTask

OncetheSoldierssortedtheattributesintothethree“buckets,”theywereaskedtosorttheseattributesbyrankorderonalinescale(seescreenshotinFigure4).ThistaskcanbereferredtoastheAttributeImportanceRankingTask(Section4).

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Figure4:AttributeImportanceRankingTask

DuringSection5ofthesurvey,thePairedComparisonTask,Soldierswereshownpairsofattributesalongwithtwocorrespondingbars,showninFigure5.TheSoldierswereaskedtoadjustthelengthofthebars(bydraggingthemforwardandback)toreflecthowimportanteachattributewasrelativetotheothers.

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Figure5:PairedComparisonTask

DuringSection6ofthesurvey,SoldierscompletedtheDaysofReadinessTask.TheSoldierssawabox(Figure6)withmultipletabsthatcontainedinformationregardingmajorcampattributecategories(e.g.,billets,combatrations)whichdescribedabasecamp’sprofile.Theboxconsistedofalistofalltheattributesandtheirlevelsforthatcamp.TheSoldierswereinstructedtoclickoneachofthetabsinordertoreadmoreinformationabouteachcampattributecategory.Atthebottomofthescreenwasabarwiththreecolors(green,amber,andred).TheSoldierswereasked:withallotherthingsbeingequal,howlongcouldtheyliveatthatcampbeforetheirreadinesswoulddeclinefromgreentoamber?Howmuchlongercouldtheylivetherebeforetheirreadinessleveldeclinedfromambertored?Thecolorgreenrepresentedanoptimalreadinesslevel,amberrepresentedadeclinedlevel,andredrepresentedagreatdeclineinreadinesslevel.ThistaskmapsthefunctionrelatingQoLtoSoldierreadinessmeasuredindays.Anumberofdayswasassignedtoeachofthecoloredbarsthatsummedto180,basedonthebarlength.

Figure6:DaysofReadinessTask

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2.4 SurveyAnalysis

ThedatafromSection1werenotanalyzed.Theywerecollectedmerelytoprovidebackgroundinformationontheparticipants.Thedatafromtheremainingsectionswereanalyzedtodetermine(1)theQoLscoreforthethreebaselinecamps(50,300,and1000PAX),(2)howtheSoldiersprioritizedeachoftheeightmajorcampattributecategories,(listedinChapter1)asawhole,(3)howSoldiersprioritizedthevariousattributeswithineachoftheeightmajorcategories,and(4)thepotentialforimprovementineachoftheeightmajorcategoriesforthethreebaselinecamps.TheresultsforeachoftheseanalysisgroupsarepresentedinSections3.1.1,3.1.2,3.1.3,and3.1.4,respectively.

TherelativedesirabilitydatacollectedfromSection2ofthesurveywerescaledfrom0to100,where0representedthe“worst”levelofagivenattributeand100representedthe“best”levelofthatsameattribute.Allotherrelativedesirabilitylevelsoftheattribute,whereapplicable,werescaledbetween0and100basedontheirrelativepositiononthe100point“worst”to“best”line(seeFigure7).Thissectionofthesurveyprovidedresearcherswitha0to100scaleddesirabilityvalueforeachlevelofanattributerelativetothe“worst”(0)and“best”(100)levelsofthatattribute.

Figure7:ExampleAttributeandLevelComparisonsBasedonAttributeLevelRatings

Sections3,4,and5ofthesurveywereusedtoestablishtherelationshipamongalloftheQoLattributesbasedonimportance.TheresultsoftheAttributeImportanceRankingTaskcollectedinSection4(whichwasacontinuationoftheSection3task)wereusedbytheresearcherstodeterminethepairsofattributespresentedinthePairedComparisonTask(Section5).Thedatacollected(barlengths)fromthePairedComparison

ExampleFromThisSection:

AttributeA

AttributeB

(100)

(0) (60) (100)Level1 Level2 Level3

Worst Best

BestWorst

Level1 Level2 Level3(0) (40)

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TaskwereusedtoscaletheimportanceofalloftheQoLattributesrelativetoeachother.Ifthebarlengthofattributexwastwiceaslongasthebarlengthofattributey,attributexwasdeemedtobetwiceasimportantasattributey.Foreachvolunteer,theoverallsumoftheseimportancevalueswas100.Theseimportancevalueswerethennormalizedacrossallstudyvolunteers.NormalizedattributeimportancevaluesfromthissetoftaskswerecombinedwiththerelativedesirabilitydatacollectedduringSection2(seeFigure8).ThesefinalscaledQoLvalues,commonlyreferredtoaspart‐worths,canbeusedtodirectlycomparelevelsofoneQoLattributetolevelsofanotherQoLattribute.ThesescaledvaluescanalsobeusedtoconstructtheoverallQoLscoreforanygivenbasecamp.

Figure8:ExampleAttributeandLevelComparisonsBasedonAttributeImportanceRatings

DatacollectedduringSection6wereanalyzedusingaregressionanalysistoestablishtherelationshipbetweenoverallQoLatagivencampandgreen,amber,andreddaysofreadinessatthatcamp.ThismodelexpressedtheQoLforagivencampasthesumoverallQoLattributesoftheimportanceofthejthattributetimesthedesirabilityofthekthlevelofthatattributeinplaceatthecamp:

Theregressioncoefficientsfromthisanalysis(Β0andΒ1)canbeusedtopredictgreen,amber,andreddaysofreadinessusinganygivenbasecampscenarioQoL.TheseregressioncoefficientscanalsobeusedtopopulateabasecampQoLandassociatedSoldierreadinessmoduleintheTAT.

ExampleFromThisSection:(AssumeAttributeAistwiceasimportantasAttributeBfromthepreviousexample)

AttributeA

AttributeB(0) (33)

Worst Best

Level2(20)

Level1 Level2(0) (27)

Worst

Level1

Level3(67)

Best

Level3

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3 Results

3.1 SurveyResults

3.1.1 BaselineCampsTheresultsfromtheanalysistodeterminetheQoLscoreforthethreebaseline

camps(50,300,and1000PAX)aredisplayedinFigure9.Again,itshouldbenotedthattheseresultscannotbetestedforstatisticalsignificanceduetothesmallsamplesize;however,theydoprovideinsightintowhatresultsmayrevealoncedatahavebeencollectedfromalargersamplesize.Asexpected,the50PAXcamp,whichhasthefewestnumberofassets(e.g.,noshowers,latrines,orkitchen),hadthelowestoverallQoLscore(39pointsoutofapossible100).Incontrast,the300and1000PAXcampshadhigherscoresthanthe50PAXandverysimilarscores(67and70,respectively)toeachother.Thisisnotsurprising,asthesetwocampshavesimilarbaselines.ThebiggestdifferencesbetweenthesetwocampsizesaretherationcyclesandavailabilityofMWRequipment.Thebaselineforthe1000PAXcamphastheSoldiersreceivingahotmeal(UGR‐A)fordinnerinadditiontobreakfast.The1000PAXcampalsohaslargernumbersofMWRequipment.RefertoAppendixAforacompletelistofattributesforthethreebaselinecampsizes.

Figure9:BaselineCampQoLScores

3.1.2 OverallQoLResultsbyMajorCategoryTheresultsoftheanalysistodeterminehowtheSoldiersprioritizedtheattributes

bytheeightmajorcampcategoriesaredisplayedinFigure10.TheyindicatethatattributesrelatingtocampsecurityhadthegreatestcontributiontowardsQoLonacamp,receivingascoreof34.6outofapossible100points.Billetingandhygienereceivedthenexthighest

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

"Best" 1000PAX 300PAX 50PAX "Worst"

QoL Score

Baseline Camp

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scores(13.9and12.9,respectively).TheseresultsareconsistentwiththeinformationgatheredduringtheMay20112interviewsconductedpriortothisassessment,aswellasthedatacollectionatFortLeonardWoodduringawargameinOctober2012(Augustynetal.).Duringthewargame,Soldiersspokeoftheirneedtofeelsecurewithinthecampandabouttheimportanceofhavingqualitybilletingandfieldhygienecapabilitiesavailablewhenlivinginsmallandextra‐smallcamps.

Figure10:OverallQoLScoresbyMajorCategory

3.1.3 AttributeScoresbyMajorCategory

Thefollowingseriesofgraphs(Figures11to18)displaystheresultsfromtheanalysisofhowSoldiersprioritizedthevariousattributesineachoftheeightmajorcategories..SeeAppendixBforacompletelistofattributesandassociatedlevels.

3.1.3.1SecurityThesecuritycategoryconsistsof17attributes.Figure11depictstheresultsofthetopnineattributes.BasecampperimeterwasthemostimportantattributewithaQoLscoreof6.3points.

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

MWR Shelter

TOC

DFAC

Field Feeding

MWR

Field Hygeine

Billets

Security

QoL Score

QoL Major Category

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Figure11:SecurityAttributeScores

3.1.3.2BilletsAsshowninFigure12,temperaturerangeandtemperaturecontrolwerethemostimportantbilletingattributes.Thisisagainconsistentwithpastinterviewsandthewargameeventof2012.Soldiersspokeabouttheimportanceofhavingairconditionedbilletingwhendeployedinahotenvironmentinordertoensurearestfulsleepcycle.Theamountofspacetostorepersonalitemsandlightingweretheleastimportantattributes.

Figure12:BilletsAttributeScores

3.1.3.3FieldHygieneSoldiersprioritizedthelatrinestructureaboveallotherfieldhygieneattributes(Figure13).

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Entry point of shelters

BAPL inside the wire

Overhead protection of guard tower

Overhead protection of TOC

Building material of guard tower

Sidewall protection of billets

Personnel bunkers

Sidewall protection of guard tower

Base camp perimeter

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Storage in billetsIndividual lighting in billetsOverhead lighting in billets

Noise level in billetsFlooring in billets

Ventilation in billetsConvenience power in billets

Humidity level in billetsPrivacy in billets

Building material of billetsBeds

HVAC temperature control in billetsHVAC temperature range in billets

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

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Figure13:FieldHygieneAttributeScores

3.1.3.4MWRHavingatelephoneavailabletomakepersonalphonecallswasthemostimportantMWRattribute(Figure14).Havingcontactwithhomeisatopicthatwasdiscussedduringthefocusgroupportionofthisassessment.OneSoldierstated:“Thatonephonecallmeanstentimesmoretomethanacoolbreezeonthebackofmyneck.IwouldtakethatcalloverACintheTOCanyday.”

Figure14:MWRAttributeScores

3.1.3.5FieldFeedingTheSoldiersprioritizedbreakfastrationsslightlyoverdinnerandlunchrations.Availabilityofsupplementalfooditems(e.g.,milk)andpogeybait(i.e.,

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Shower durationWater for hand washing

Water for shavingPerson doing laundry

Bags of laundry you can do each weekShower frequency

How often you can access laundry …Water for toothbrushing

Shower flow rateHVAC temperature control in showersHVAC temperature control in latrinesRange of shower water temperature

Latrine structure

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Who runs the PX/AAFES store

Access to barber shop

Range of MWR electronics available

Internet speed

Telephone type

Access to watch a TV

Range of PX/AAFES available items

Type of internet connection

Availability of telephone

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

16

foodpurchasedorbroughttothecampbyanindividual)wereratedasleastimportant(Figure15).

Figure15:FieldFeedingAttributeScores

3.1.3.6DFACThebuildingmaterialoftheDFAC(e.g.,softwalled,rigidwalledetc.)wasmostimportanttotheSoldiers(Figure16).

Figure16:DFACAttributeScores

3.1.3.7TOCTheSoldiersweremostconcernedwiththebuildingmaterialoftheTOC.NextwastemperaturerangeinsidetheTOC(Figure17).

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Availability of supplemental food …

Availability of pogey bait

Availability of water/beverage heating

Avaliability of enhancement food …

Availability of water/beverage …

Lunch rations

Dinner rations

Breakfast rations

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Convenience power in DFAC

Noise level in DFAC

Flooring in DFAC

Ventilation in DFAC

Humidity level in DFAC

Temperature range in DFAC

Temperature control in DFAC

Building material of DFAC

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

17

Figure17:TOCAttributeScores

3.1.3.8MWRShelterIngeneral,theSoldiersratedeachoftheeightMWRshelterattributesassimilarlyimportant(Figure18).

Figure18:MWRShelterAttributeScores

3.1.4 QoLBaselinePotentialFigures19to21showthepotentialforimprovementineachoftheeightmajor

attributecategoriesforthethreebaselinecamps.Theblueportionofeachbarrepresentstheactualscorethebaselinecampreceivedineachoftheeightcategories.TheredportionofeachbardemonstratesthegapbetweentheactualscoreandtheprioritySoldiersplacedineachmajorcategory,asshownanddiscussedinSection3.1.3ofthisreport.

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Flooring in TOC

Lighting in TOC

Convenience power in TOC

Temperature control in TOC

Noise level in TOC

Humidity level in TOC

Temperature range in TOC

Building material of TOC

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Flooring in MWR shelter

Ventilation in MWR shelter

Temperature control in MWR shelter

Noise level in MWR shelter

Building material of MWR shelter

Humidity level in MWR shelter

Convenience power in MWR shelter

Temperature range in MWR shelter

QoL Score

QoL Attributes

18

Forexample,theattributesregardingsecurityhadthegreatestoverallcontributiontowardsacamp’sQoLrating(34.6points);however,securityattributesandassociatedlevelswerenotoptimalatthe50PAXcamp,only17.3(Figure19).Hence,attributesconcerningsecurityshowsomeofthemostroomforimprovement,havingonlyreachedhalfofpotential(34.6vs.17.3).Fieldhygieneattributesshowedthegreatestpercentageforpotentialimprovement(currentlyatonlyapproximatelyone‐tenthofpotential)atthe50PAXcamp.Thisisnotsurprisinggiventhelimitedassetsregardingfieldhygienethatareavailableatthe50PAXbaselinecamp.

Figure19:50PAXBaselineCampQoLImprovementPotential

AsshowninFigure20,the300PAXcamphasthepotentialtogainthemostQoLpointsinthesecuritycategory(approximately13)followedbybilletsandDFAC.The300PAXbaselinecamphasreachedclosetofullpotentialineachoftheremainingcategories.

0 10 20 30 40

MWR Shelter

TOC

DFAC

Field Feeding

MWR

Field Hygeine

Billets

Security

QoL Score

QoL Major Category

Baseline

Potential

19


Asstatedearlierinthereport,the1000PAXbaselinecampcloselyresemblesthe300PAXbaselinecamp.Hence,asshowninFigure21,ittooshowsthepotentialtogainthemostQoLpointsinthesecuritycategory,followedbybilletsandDFAC.


3.2 AARResults

TheSoldiersprovidedvaluablefeedbackregardingtheQoLsurvey,tabletusage,testadministration,andQoLfactors.Overall,theSoldiersagreedthetabletwaspreferredtopenandpapersurveys.TheSoldierswouldlikethe2‐hoursurveytobeshortenedif

0 10 20 30 40

MWR Shelter

TOC

DFAC

Field Feeding

MWR

Field Hygeine

Billets

Security

QoL Score

QoL Major Category

Baseline

Potential

0 10 20 30 40

MWR Shelter

TOC

DFAC

Field Feeding

MWR

Field Hygeine

Billets

Security

QoL Score

QoL Major Category

Baseline

Potential

20

possible,butthoughtitwasareasonabletasktodoinonesittingprovidedthatfacilitatorsarepresentduringsurveyadministrationinordertomonitorprogressandanswerquestions.TheSoldiersagreedtheattributeswereclearandconcise.Theysaidthatthedescriptionsprovidedforsomeoftheattributelevelsneededtoberefined,specificallytheballisticandpre‐ballisticpanelsintheoverheadprotectionattribute.TheSoldiersrecommendedadding“varietyofcombatrationsavailable”asanadditionalattribute.(OneSoldiersaidhewasdeliveredonlytheCountryCaptainKitchenMRErepeatedlyforseveralmonths.)

TheSoldiersalsohadseveralsuggestionsrelatedtothesurveyprogramming,suchasaddinga“back”button,especiallyforthePairedComparisonTask,inordertoallowaparticipanttochangeorreviewanswersbeforemovingtothenextquestion.ItwasnotedthatitwouldbehelpfulifeachcolorportionofthebarontheDaysofReadinessTaskscreen“locked”inpositionwhiledisplayingthecorrespondingdaysforgreen,amber,andred.TwooftheSoldiersstatedthattheydidnotrealizethereweremultipletabsthattheyneededtoclickoninordertoreviewthefullcampprofile.TheSoldierssuggestedthattheinstructionsneedtoemphasizethattheparticipantmustclickonall11tabs.Inaddition,theyrecommendedlockingthesliderbaruntiltheparticipanttapsoneachofthe11tabs.

3.3 FocusGroupResults

Thefocusgroupdiscussionsprovidedvaluableinsightintotheparticipants’beliefsregardinghowlivingatabasecampwithlimitedassetsinfluenceshowlongtheycouldsustainormaintaina“readystate”atthatcamp.TheSoldierstalkedaboutseveraldifferentattributesthatcancontributetotheirexperiencewhendeployed.Someoftheseattributescouldbecategorizedasbeingdependentonsystemsormaterialsolutions(e.g.,qualityofshowers,latrines),andotherscouldbecategorizedasnon‐systemsornon‐materialfactors(e.g.experience,leadership,training).Thesediscussionscanbesummarizedbyfocusingonsomekeyrecurringthemes.

ThefirstthemewasthatleadershiphasagreatimpactonaSoldier’sQoLduringadeployment.OneSoldierstatedthat“leadershipaffectsyourqualityoflife1000%.”AnotherSoldierdescribedhisexperiencesandstatedthatjustseeinghisleadershipandknowingtheleaderwaspresentwascriticaltohismorale.Hesaidthat“youneedtohavealeaderyouseemore.”SeveraloftheotherSoldiersconcurredwiththisviewpoint.Theexperienceleveloftheleaderisalsocrucial.Oneparticipantstated,“havingacraftyleaderisimportant.”Conversely,anothertopicpointraisedwasSoldierneedordesirefor“beingawayfromthebrass.”Soldiersstatedthatnothavingtodealwith“politicalbureaucracy”wasimportantandimpactedtheirQoL.Thus,itseemsthereisanoptimallevelofleadershipengagementthatisnecessaryforhighQoL.

21

SeveralpointswereraisedbytheSoldiersduringthisinitialuserassessmentwhichwerealsoheardduringthedatacollectionatFortLeonardWoodduringthewargameinOctober2012(Augustynetal.,2012).Thefirsttopicwasthathavingsomethingandtakingitawayisworsethannothavingitatall.OneSoldierstated,“Don’tgiveittothemifyoucan’tkeepgivingittothem.”AnotherrecurringtopicthatissometimesdivisiveconcernstheoptimalleveloramountofaSoldier’scontactwithhome.ContactwithhomecanbeviewedasbothaQoLenhancementorasadistraction.

Finally,showerscontinuetobeaveryimportantcontributortoQoL.TheSoldiersmadestatementssuchas“Showerisratednumberoneornumbertwowithhotchowforqualityoflife.Itcouldbethatimportanttodoawholeseparatestudy.Qualityoftheshoweraffectsthewholething.Twominutefantasticshoweriswaybetterratherthanatenminutedribble.”

22

4 Conclusions

Thefollowingconclusionscanbedrawnfromthedatacollectedduringthisuserassessment:

Attributesconcerningsecuritycontributethemosttowardsacamp’sQoLscore.OtherimportantattributesarethequalityofthelatrinesandhavingHVACinSoldierbilleting.Theseresultsareconsistentwithwhatwasdiscussedintheinterviewsandthewargameconductedpriortothisassessment.

The50PAXcamp’soverallscorewasmuchlowerthanthe300PAXand1000PAXscores.Thisisnotsurprisinggiventhelimitedassetsata50PAXcamp.The300and1000PAXcampsreceivedsimilaroverallcampscores,whichisexpectedgiventhatthe300and1000PAXcampshaveverysimilarbaselines.

Themissionwillalwaysbecompleted,butimprovingQoLservicesmaylengthenthetimeSoldierscanperformattheirfullpotential(i.e.,daysofreadiness).

LeadershipcanbothaddtoanddetractfromaSoldier’sQoLwhendeployed.Thisinpartmaybeduetoaleader’slevelofengagementandleadershipstyle.

SomeofthenextstepsfortheTECD4AQoLeffortwillbetoincorporatetheSoldiers’suggestionsforimprovementtothetablet‐basedsurvey.Specifically,changeswillbemadetoensurethesurveyiseasytoadminister,understand,andcomplete.Inaddition,theTECDwillcollectdatafromalargerandmorerepresentativesamplesize.ItisimportanttocollectdatafromSoldierswhohaveawiderangeofMOS,yearsinservice,anddutypositions,withtheultimatepurposeofincorporationintotheTAT.

15/003

23

5 Reference

Augustyn,J.,Benasutti,P.,Bolduc,S.,Darkow,D.,Federici,J.,Haddad,R.,Howe,J.,McCarty,P.,&Mahoney,J.(2012).Technology‐EnabledCapabilityDemonstration4ASustainabilityandLogistics‐BasingBaselineWargame.InternalReport.Natick,MA:U.S.ArmyNatickSoldierResearch,Development,andEngineeringCenter.

24


25

AppendixA:QoLLevelsperBaselineCampA.1Security

WorstCamp 50PAX 300PAX 1000PAX BestCampSidewall

protectionofbillets

None HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriersPre‐detonationballisticpanels

Overheadprotectionof

billetsNone None None None

Pre‐detonationballisticpanels

Sidewallprotectionof

DFACNone HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers



DFACNone None None None


SidewallprotectionofMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)HESCObarriers HESCObarriers


OverheadprotectionofMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)None None


Sidewallprotectionof

TOCNone HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers



TOCNone

Overheadwoodwithsandbags




Buildingmaterialofguardtower

Woodentower Woodentower Concretetower ConcretetowerBallisticpre‐fab

tower

Sidewallprotectionofguardtower

Sandbags Sandbags Sandbags SandbagsPre‐detonationballisticpanels

Overheadprotectionofguardtower

None Sandbags Sandbags Sandbags Sandbags

Basecampperimeter

Berm HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers Cementbarriers

Basecampentrypoint

Berm HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers Cementbarriers

Entrypointofshelters

HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers HESCObarriers Cementbarriers

Perimeterlighting

NolightsPolemountedperimeterlights

Polemountedperimeterlights



Personnelbunkers

None NoneHESCOwithplywoodandsandbags

HESCOwithplywoodandsandbags

Ballisticpanels

BAPLinsidethewire

Level0 Level0 Level0 Level0 Level0

26

A.2Billets

WorstCamp 50PAX 300PAX 1000PAX BestCampBuildingmaterialofbillets

Softwalled Softwalled Softwalled SoftwalledBrickandmortarorprefabricated

buildingPrivacyinbillets

Openbaytent(noprivacy)




Individualprivatequarters

Noiselevelinbillets

Upto85dBA Upto75dBA Upto75dBA Upto75dBA Upto45dBA

Ventilationinbillets

Noairventilation

Moderateairventilation(e.g.circulatedair)



Wellventilated(e.g.filteredair)

Humiditylevelinbillets

Nohumiditycontrol(dry) Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol

Overheadlightinginbillets

Nooverheadlighting

(flashlightsonly)

Completeoverhead

fluorescentlighting

Completeoverhead

fluorescentlighting

Completeoverhead

fluorescentlighting

CompleteoverheadLEDlighting

Individuallightinginbillets

Noindividuallighting




Individuallycontrolledbunk

lightConvenience

powerinbilletsNoplugsavailable

Twoplugsavailableperperson

Two plugsavailableperperson

Two plugsavailableperperson

Fourplugsavailableperperson

HVACtemperaturerangeinbillets

80‐85°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 65‐70°F

HVACtemperaturecontrolinbillets

Notemperaturecontrol

Temperaturecontrolforentire

shelter


shelter


shelter

Temperaturecontrolforyourpersonalspace

BedsSleepingon

thefloor/ground

Sleepingononecotofbunkedcots



Sleepingonyourownbedwithmattress

Flooringinbillets

BaregroundIntegratedstyle

flooringIntegratedstyle


flooringRigidflooring

Storageinbillets

Nostorageinyoursleeping

area

Smallunsecurableareaaroundsleepingarea



Walllockerandathreedrawerchestwithlocksinyoursleepingarea

27

A.3FieldHygiene

WorstCamp 50PAX 300PAX 1000PAX BestCamp

Showerfrequency

Noshoweratyourbasecamp(showeravailableonlyduringR&

R)

Noshoweratyourbasecamp(showeravailableonlyduringR&

R)

Onceeveryday Onceeveryday Onceeveryday

Showerduration

N/A N/A10‐minshower

orless10‐minshower

orless15‐minshower

orlessRangeofshower

watertemperature

N/A N/AControl(coldto

hot)Control(coldto

hot)Control(coldto

hot)

HVACtemperaturecontrolinshowers

N/A N/AHVAC

temperaturecontrol

HVACtemperaturecontrol


Showerflowrate

N/A N/A Moderate Moderate High

Persondoinglaundry

Individualhandwashatbase

camp

Turn‐in(LOGPAC)for

offsitelaundering(7dayturn‐aroundtime)

Individualmachinewashandmachinedryatbasecamp

Turn‐inforonsitelaundering(2dayturn‐around

time)

Turn‐inforonsitelaundering(2dayturn‐around

time)

Howoftenyoucanaccesslaundry

capabilities

Scheduled N/A Scheduled Scheduled Wheneveryouwant

Bagsoflaundryyoucandoeach

week

Restricteduseforheavilysoiledgarmentsonly

Onelaundrybag Twolaundrybags TwolaundrybagsFourlaundry

bags

Latrinestructure

Urinationtubesandstraddle

trench

Urinationtubesandburnoutlatrines




HVACtemperaturecontrolinlatrines

NoHVACtemperaturecontrol

NoHVACtemperaturecontrol




Waterforhandwashing

Handwashstation

Handwashstation

Runninghotwater

Runninghotwater

Runninghotwater

Waterforshaving

Bottledwater BottledwaterRunninghot

waterRunninghot

waterRunninghot

waterWaterfortooth

brushingBottledwater Bottledwater

Runningcoldwater

Runningcoldwater

Runningcoldwater

28

A.4MWR


Accesstoweights

Noweightsavailable

DumbbellsonlyDumbbellsand

barbells

Weightmachines,dumbbellsand

barbells

Weightmachines,dumbbellsand

barbells

Accesstocardiomachines

Nocardioequipmentavailable

Nocardioequipmentavailable

Twiceaweekfor30minutes

Everydayfor30minutes

Everydayfor30minutes

Internetspeed N/A N/A Moderate(DSL) Moderate(DSL) Fast(high‐speed)AvailabilityofMWRcomputerswithinternet

N/A N/AOnceperdayfor30minutesor

less

Onceperdayfor30minutesor

less


lessTypeofinternetconnection N/A N/A

Hardwired(plugged‐in)

Hardwired(plugged‐in) WiFi

AvailabilityofSkypeorothervideochatservices

Novideochatavailable

Novideochatavailable

Videochatavailable

Videochatavailable

Videochatavailable

TelephonetypeLimiteduseofsatellitephone(Iridium)

Limiteduseofsatellitephone(Iridium)

Communal(e.g.phonebank)

Communal(e.g.phonebank)

Accesstocellnetwork

Availabilityoftelephone

Nophonesavailable

Onceperweekfor30minutesor

less


less


less

Twotothreetimesperweekfor60minutesor

lessAccesstobarber

shopNone None Trainedbarber Trainedbarber Trainedbarber

AccesstowatchaTV

None None CommunalTV CommunalTV CommunalTV

AvailabilityofMWRspace

NoMWRspaceavailable

Shared MWRspaceavailable

DedicatedMWRspaceavailable



Availabilityofsacredspace

Nosacredspaceavailable

Sharedspaceavailable

Sharedspaceavailable

Dedicatedsacredspaceavailable

Dedicatedsacredspaceavailable

Maildeliveryschedule

Nomailavailable Everysevendays Everythreedays Everythreedays Everyday

PX/AAFEShoursofoperation

NoPXon‐site NoPXon‐siteExtendedhours(12hoursorless)

Extendedhours(12hoursorless)

Extendedhours(12hoursorless)

RangeofPX/AAFES

availableitems

Noitemsavailable

Noitemsavailable

Limitedselectionofsundriesavailable

Wideselectionofsundriesavailable

Wideselectionofsundriesavailable

WhorunsthePX/AAFESstore

N/A N/A Soldiers Contractors Contractors

RangeofMWRelectronicsavailable

Noelectronicsavailable

Noelectronicsavailable

SixTVsandthreegameconsoles



29

A.5FieldFeeding

WorstCamp 50 PAX 300 PAX 1000 PAX BestCampBreakfastrations

MRE MRE MRE UGR‐A UGR‐A

Lunchrations MRE UGR‐E MRE MRE UGR‐ADinnerrations MRE MRE UGR‐A UGR‐A UGR‐AAvailabilityofsupplementalfooditems

Nosupplementalfoodavailable

Supplementalfoodavailable




Availabilityofenhancementfooditems

Noenhancementfooditemsavailable

Noenhancementfooditemsavailable

Enhancementfooditemsavailable



Availabilityofpogeybait

Nopogeybaitavailable

Pogeybaitavailable

Pogeybaitavailable

Pogeybaitavailable

Pogeybaitavailable

Availabilityofwater/beveragerefrigeration

Nowater/beveragerefrigerationavailable

Sunshadeavailable

Sunshadeavailable

Refrigerationavailablefor

water/beverages

Iceavailableforwater/beverages

Availabilityofwater/beverage

heating

Nowater/beverageheatingavailable

Nowater/beverageheatingavailable

Water/beverageheatingavailable



A.6DFAC

WorstCamp 50PAX 300PAX 1000PAX BestCampBuildingmaterialofDFAC

Softwalled Softwalled Softwalled SoftwalledBrickandmortarorprefabricated

buildingNoiselevelin

DFACUpto85dBA Upto75dBA Upto75dBA Upto75dBA Upto55dBA

VentilationinDFAC

NoairventilationModerateairventilation(e.g.circulatedair)




HumiditylevelinDFAC

Nohumiditycontrol(dry)

Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol

TemperaturerangeinDFAC

80‐85°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 65‐70°F

TemperaturecontrolinDFAC



shelter


shelter


shelter


shelterConveniencepowerinDFAC

Noneavailable Available Available Available Available

FlooringinDFAC

BaregroundIntegratedstyle




30

A.7TOC


BuildingmaterialofTOC

Softwalled Softwalled Rigidwalled RigidwalledBrickandmortarorprefabricated

buildingNoiselevelin

TOC Upto85dBA Upto65dBA Upto65dBA Upto65dBA Upto65dBA

HumiditylevelinTOC

Nohumiditycontrol(dry)

Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol

LightinginTOCNooverheadlighting

(flashlightsonly)

Completeoverheadfluorescentlighting



CompleteoverheadLED

lighting

ConveniencepowerinTOC

Noplugsavailable

Noplugsavailable

Noplugsavailable

Noplugsavailable

4plugsavailableperperson

TemperaturerangeinTOC

80‐85°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 70‐75°F 65‐70°F

TemperaturecontrolinTOC



shelter


shelter


shelter


shelter

FlooringinTOC BaregroundIntegratedstyle

flooringRigidflooring Rigidflooring Rigidflooring

A.8MWRShelter

WorstCamp 50PAX 300PAX 1000PAX BestCampBuildingmaterialofMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)Softwalled Softwalled

Brickandmortarorprefabricated

buildingNoiselevelinMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)Upto75dBA Upto75dBA Upto55dBA

VentilationinMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)




HumiditylevelinMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol Humiditycontrol

TemperaturerangeinMWR

shelterN/A

N/A(SharedspacewithDFAC)

70‐75°F 70‐75°F 65‐70°F

TemperaturecontrolinMWR

shelterN/A



shelter


shelter


shelterConveniencepowerinMWR

shelterN/A


Conveniencepoweravailable



FlooringinMWRshelter

N/AN/A(Shared

spacewithDFAC)Integratedstyle



31

AppendixB:OverallQoLperQoLLevel

B.1Security

Basecampperimeter

Cementbarriers6.267

HESCObarriers4.488

Berm2.413

Concertinawire0.000

Basecampentrypoint

Cementbarriers2.867

HESCObarriers2.360

Berm1.206

Vehicles0.431

Concertinawire0.000

Sidewallprotectionofguardtower

Ballisticpanels2.644

Pre‐detonationballisticpanels1.173

Sandbags0.000

OverheadprotectionofDFAC


Overheadsteelwithsandbags2.317


Overheadwoodwithsandbags1.576

None0.000

Personnelbunkers

Concretereinforced2.415

Concrete1.989


HESCOwithplywoodandsandbags1.714

None0.000

Perimeterlighting

Polemountedperimeterlights2.290

Handheldspotlight1.184

Nolights0.000

Sidewallprotectionofbillets

Cementbarriers2.268



HESCObarriers1.560

Sandbags0.884

None0.000

32

SidewallprotectionofTOC

Cementbarriers2.256

HESCObarriers1.972



Sandbags0.712

None0.000

Buildingmaterialofguardtower

Concretetower1.754

Ballisticpre‐fabtower1.412

Woodentower0.000

Overheadprotectionofbillets





None0.000

OverheadprotectionofTOC





None0.000

SidewallprotectionofDFAC

HESCObarriers1.372

Cementbarriers1.287



Sandbags0.721

None0.000

Overheadprotectionofguardtower

Sandbags1.180

None0.000

33

OverheadprotectionofMWRshelter





None0.000

BAPLinsidethewire

Level01.118

Level10.540

Level20.491

Level30.244

Level40.108

Level50.000

SidewallprotectionofMWRshelter

Cementbarriers0.820

HESCObarriers0.790



Sandbags0.328

None0.000

Entrypointofshelters

Cementbarriers0.615

HESCObarriers0.000

34

B.2Billets

HVACtemperaturerangeinbillets

65‐70°F1.905

60‐65°F1.489

70‐75°F1.433

55‐60°F1.109

50‐55°F0.744

75‐80°F0.482

80‐85°F0.000

HVACtemperaturecontrolinbillets

Temperaturecontrolforyourpersonalspace1.844

Temperaturecontrolforentireshelter1.761

Notemperaturecontrol0.000

Beds

Sleepingonyourownbedwithmattress1.428

Sleepingononebunkofabunkbed1.034

Sleepingonyourowncot0.958

Sleepingononecotofbunkedcots0.531

Hotswapping0.171

Sleepingonthefloor/ground0.000

Buildingmaterialofbillets

Brickandmortarorprefabricatedbuilding1.350

Rigidwalled0.993

Hybrid0.658

Softwalled0.000

Privacyinbillets

Individualprivatequarters1.282

Twomansleepingquarters1.020

Fourmansleepingquarters0.721

Sectionedareaopenbay0.320

Openbaytent(noprivacy)0.000

Humiditylevelinbillets

Humiditycontrol1.179

Nohumiditycontrol(dry)0.378

Nohumiditycontrol(damporhumid)0.000

35

Conveniencepowerinbillets

Fourplugsavailableperperson0.949

Twoplugsavailableperperson0.898

Oneplugavailableperperson0.508

Noplugsavailable0.000

Ventilationinbillets

Wellventilated(e.g.filteredair)0.814

Moderateairventilation(e.g.circulatedair)0.712

Minimalairventilation(e.g.doorsopeningandclosing) 0.362

Noairventilation0.000

Flooringinbillets

Insulatedflooring0.691

Rigidflooring0.648

Removableflooring0.481

Integratedstyleflooring0.398

Bareground0.000

Noiselevelinbillets

Upto45dBA0.662

Upto55dBA0.596

Upto65dBA0.371

Upto75dBA0.115

Upto85dBA0.000

Overheadlightinginbillets

Completeoverheadfluorescentlighting0.620

CompleteoverheadLEDlighting0.580

Nooverheadlighting(flashlightsonly)0.063

Blackoutlights0.000

Individuallightinginbillets

Individuallycontrolledbunklight0.587

Noindividuallighting0.000

Storageinbillets

Walllockerandathreedrawerchestwithlocksinyoursleepingarea 0.574

Walllockerwithlockinyoursleepingarea0.439

Footlockerwithlockinyoursleepingarea0.321

Smallunsecurableareaaroundsleepingarea0.173

Nostorageinyoursleepingarea0.000

36

B.3FieldHygiene

Latrinestructure

ForceProviderlatrinesystemsw/enforcedflushpolicy 3.183

ForceProviderlatrinesystems3.081

Portapotties1.633

Urinationtubesandburnoutlatrines0.047

Urinationtubesandstraddletrench0.000

Rangeofshowerwatertemperature

Control(coldtohot)1.719

Control(coldtowarm)1.642

Control(coldtolukewarm)1.122

Nocontrol(hotonlyinhotenvironment)0.266

Nocontrol(coldonlyincoldenvironment)0.000

HVACtemperaturecontrolinlatrines

HVACtemperaturecontrol1.183

NoHVACtemperaturecontrol0.000

HVACtemperaturecontrolinshowers

HVACtemperaturecontrol0.949

NoHVACtemperaturecontrol0.000

Showerflowrate

High0.851

Moderate0.700

Low0.000

Waterfortoothbrushing

Runningcoldwater0.687

Bottledwater0.000

37

Howoftenyoucanaccesslaundrycapabilities

Wheneveryouwant0.685

Scheduled0.000

Showerfrequency

Onceeveryday0.674

Onceperweek0.413

Onceeverytwoweeks0.327

Onceeverythreeweeks0.220

Oncepermonth0.118

Noshoweratyourbasecamp(showeravailableonlyduringR&R) 0.000

Bagsoflaundryyoucandoeachweek

Threelaundrybags0.661

Fourlaundrybags0.660

Twolaundrybags0.537

Onelaundrybag0.459

Restricteduseforheavilysoiledgarmentsonly0.000

Persondoinglaundry

Turn‐inforonsitelaundering(2dayturn‐aroundtime) 0.654Individualmachinewashandmachinedryatbasecamp 0.580Turn‐in(LOGPAC)foroffsitelaundering(3dayturn‐aroundtime) 0.472Individualmachinewashandairdryatbasecamp 0.440Turn‐in(LOGPAC)foroffsitelaundering(7dayturn‐aroundtime) 0.229

Individualhandwashatbasecamp0.000

Waterforshaving

Runninghotwater0.562


Individuallyheatedbottledwater0.179

Bottledwater0.000

Waterforhandwashing

Runninghotwater0.531


Handwashstation0.000

Showerduration

15minuteshowerorless0.528

Tenminuteshowerorless0.345

Fiveminuteshowerorless0.214

Twominuteshower0.000

38

B.4MWR

Availabilityoftelephone

Onceperdayfor30minutesorless1.893


Twotothreetimesperweekfor60minutesorless 1.390Twotothreetimesperweekfor30minutesorless 1.181

Onceperweekfor30minutesorless1.139


Nophonesavailable0.000

Maildeliveryschedule

Everyday0.985

Everythreedays0.774

Everysevendays0.271

Nomailavailable0.000

Typeofinternetconnection

WiFi0.871

Hardwired(plugged‐in)0.000

AvailabilityofMWRspace

DedicatedMWRspaceavailable0.771

SharedMWRspaceavailable0.561

NoMWRspaceavailable0.000

RangeofPX/AAFESavailableitems

Wideselectionofsundriesavailable0.690

Limitedselectionofsundriesavailable0.412

Noitemsavailable0.000

PX/AAFEShoursofoperation

Extendedhours(12hoursorless)0.686

Dutyhours(eighthoursorless)0.504

Limitedhours(sixhoursorless)0.253

NoPXon‐site0.000

AccesstowatchaTV

CommunalTV0.683

None0.000

AvailabilityofSkypeorothervideochatservice

Videochatavailable0.682

Novideochatavailable0.000

Telephonetype

Accesstocellnetwork0.599

Communal(e.g.phonebank)0.281

Limiteduseofsatellitephone(Iridium)0.000

39

AvailabilityofMWRcomputerswithinternet



Twotothreetimesperweekfor60minutesorless 0.468Twotothreetimesperweekfor30minutesorless 0.442



Nocomputerswithinternetavailable0.000

Internetspeed

Fast(high‐speed)0.555

Moderate(DSL)0.440

Slow(dial‐up)0.206

Nointernetavailable0.000

Availabilityofsacredspace

Dedicatedsacredspaceavailable0.509

Sharedspaceavailable0.383

Nosacredspaceavailable0.000

RangeofMWRelectronicsavailable

SixTVsandthreegameconsoles0.481

TwoTVsandtwogameconsoles0.362

TwoTVs0.173

Noelectronicsavailable0.000

Accesstoweights

Weightmachines0.477

Dumbbellsandbarbells0.363

Dumbbellsonly0.206

Noweightsavailable0.000

Accesstobarbershop

Trainedbarber0.463

None0.000

Accesstocardiomachines

Everydayfor30minutes0.435

Threetofourtimesaweekfor30minutes0.396

Twiceaweekfor30minutes0.281

Onceaweekfor30minutes0.159

Nocardioequipmentavailable0.000

WhorunsthePX/AAFESstore

Contractors0.376

Soldiers0.000

40

B.5FieldFeeding

Breakfastrations

UGR‐A+2.209

UGR‐A1.816

UGR‐E1.376

UGR‐H&S0.927

MRE0.327

FirstStrikeRation0.205

MCW/LRP0.000

Dinnerrations

UGR‐A+1.752

UGR‐A1.529

UGR‐E0.904

UGR‐H&S0.819

MRE0.358

MCW/LRP0.229


Lunchrations

UGR‐A+1.612

UGR‐A1.554

UGR‐H&S0.994

UGR‐E0.913

MRE0.337


MCW/LRP0.000

Availabilityofwater/beveragerefrigeration

Refrigerationavailableforwater/beverages1.324

Iceavailableforwater/beverages0.969

Water/beveragestoredinairconditionedspace 0.911

Sunshadeavailable0.348

Nowater/beveragerefrigerationavailable0.000

Availabilityofenhancementfooditems

Enhancementfooditemsavailable1.075

Noenhancementfooditemsavailable0.000

Availabilityofwater/beverageheating

Water/beverageheatingavailable0.927

Nowater/beverageheatingavailable0.000

Availabilityofpogeybait

Pogeybaitavailable0.821

Nopogeybaitavailable0.000

Availabilityofsupplementalfooditems

Supplementalfoodavailable0.689

Nosupplementalfoodavailable0.000

41

B.6DFAC

BuildingmaterialofDFAC


Rigidwalled1.638

Hybrid1.079

Softwalled0.000

TemperaturecontrolinDFAC



TemperaturerangeinDFAC

65‐70°F0.685

60‐65°F0.511

70‐75°F0.461

55‐60°F0.243

50‐55°F0.212

75‐80°F0.193

80‐85°F0.000

HumiditylevelinDFAC




VentilationinDFAC





FlooringinDFAC


Rigidflooring0.439



Bareground0.000

NoiselevelinDFAC

Upto45dBA0.453

Upto55dBA0.425

Upto65dBA0.342

Upto75dBA0.182

Upto85dBA0.000

ConveniencepowerinDFAC

Available0.401

Noneavailable0.000

42

B.7TOC

BuildingmaterialofTOC


Rigidwalled0.551

Hybrid0.205

Softwalled0.000

TemperaturerangeinTOC

65‐70°F0.905

70‐75°F0.829

60‐65°F0.751

55‐60°F0.423

50‐55°F0.348

75‐80°F0.309

HumiditylevelinTOC




NoiselevelinTOC

Upto45dBA 0.691

Upto55dBA 0.689

Upto65dBA 0.429

Upto75dBA 0.148

Upto85dBA 0.000

TemperaturecontrolinTOC



ConveniencepowerinTOC

Twoplugsavailableperperson0.599

Fourplugsavailableperperson0.553

Oneplugavailableperperson0.335

Noplugsavailable0.000

LightinginTOC

CompleteoverheadLEDlighting0.554

Completeoverheadfluorescentlighting0.525

Blackoutlights0.135

Nooverheadlighting(flashlightsonly)0.000

FlooringinTOC

Rigidflooring0.421




Bareground0.000

43

B.8MWRShelter

TemperaturerangeinMWRshelter

65‐70°F0.707

70‐75°F0.576

60‐65°F0.550

55‐60°F0.365

50‐55°F0.274

75‐80°F0.152

80‐85°F0.000

ConveniencepowerinMWRshelter

Conveniencepoweravailable0.665

Noconveniencepoweravailable0.000

HumiditylevelinMWRshelter




BuildingmaterialofMWRshelter


Rigidwalled0.388

Hybrid0.138

Softwalled0.000

NoiselevelinMWRshelter

Upto45dBA0.533

Upto55dBA0.499

Upto65dBA0.344

Upto75dBA0.148

Upto85dBA0.000

TemperaturecontrolinMWRshelter



VentilationinMWRshelter





FlooringinMWRshelter


Rigidflooring0.344



Bareground0.000

44


45

ListofAcronyms1SG FirstSergeantAAR AfterActionReviewBDE BrigadeBN BattalionCO CommandingOfficerDFAC DiningFacilitiesAdministrationCenterDP DutyPositionHVAC Heating,Ventilation,&AirConditioningMP MilitaryPoliceMSCOE ManeuverSupportCenterofExcellenceMWR MoraleWelfareandRecreationPAX PersonnelPL PlatoonLeaderPSG PlatoonSergeantRC RegionalCommandQoL QualityofLifeTAT TechnologyAssessmentToolTECD Technology‐EnabledCapabilityDemonstrationTOC TacticalOperationsCenterTTPs Tactics,Techniques,andProceduresUGR UnitizedGroupRation