AO-AG.96 437 FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH F/6 9/1SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTI CS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE PULSED CAPACITORS(U)FEB 81 V V KONOTOP. S M FERTIK

UNCLASSIFIED FTD ID AS)T 1959-8 AG

1&2 11112.

III III

MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHARTNATIONAL BURLAU OF SIANDARD', lqb0 A

FTD-ID(RS)T-1959-80

FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISION

III

00

tPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-VOLTAGE

PULSED CAPACITORS

by

V. V. Konotop and S. M. Fertik

DTIO 0V4

MAY 0 4 W81

Approved for public release;d i., trl'but ion urlimited.

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EDITED TRANSLATION

FTD-ID(RS)T-1959-8A 25 Fe' l

MICROFICHE NR: FTD-81-C-000187L

iLPECIFICWiARACTERISTICS OF 41GH-VOLTAGE• gULSED CAA-C ITORS,

By(j6V. V./Konotop:g S. M./Fertik

~~7ErrgI~W pages:-2

.. ElektrichestvolNr_. 6, June 1969,pp. - 1-7 3 6 4 A 6 k) Accession For

Country of origl - /aTIC TATb ' A , / TIC TAB&I

Translated by: j t2 i Unannounced 0Requester: FTD/TQT-. JustificationApproved for public release; distributionunlimited.

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THIS TRANSLATION IS A RENDITION OF TIHE ORIGI.NAL cOREIGN TEXT WITHOUT ANY ANALYTICAL OREDITORIAL. COMMENT. STATEMENTS OR THEORIES PREPARED BY:ADVOCATEDORIMPLIEDARETHOSE OFTHE SOURCEANDDO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THE POSITION TRANSLATION DIVISIONOR OPINION OF THE rOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DI. FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIVISIONVISION. WP.AFB, OHIO,

FTD-IDCQU)T-1959-80 Date 25 Feb 19 81

U. S. BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES TRANSLITERATION SYSTEM

Block Italic Transliteration Block Italic Transliterati,.

Aa A a A, a P p p p R, r

5 6 6 B, b C c C S, s

8 a B • VS v T T T m T, t

r r r G3 Yy y y U, u

A A 7 D, d (P ) 0 F f

E e E Ye, ye; E, e* X x X x Kh, kh

M m X Zh, zh LA A LI v Ts, ts

3 3 3 s Z' z q.4 V V Ch, ch

H i j a I, i W W LU wt Sh, sh

1 R * Y, y 14 U4 MI aq Shch, shch

H R K ic K, k b b l "

n J A L, 1 hbi b/M V Y, y

M it M, m b b b '

H H H ' N, n 3a 38 E, e

0 o 0 0 0, o H) W) O Yu, yu

n n 7 n P, p R F1 a Ya, ya

*ye initially, after vowels, and after b, b; e elsewhere.When written as 6 in Russian, transliterate as yl or 9.

RUSSIAN AND ENGLISH TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS

Russian English Russian English Russian Engll.:L.

sin sin sh sinh arc sh sithcos cos ch cosh arc ch cosh-tg tan th tanh arc th tanh_1ctg cot cth coth arc cth coth_.L

sec sec sch sech arc sch sech.

cosec csc csch csch arc csch csch

Russian English

rot curlIg log

DOC 1959 PAGP I

a1959,gv

SPECIFIC CHIARACTERISTICS OF HIGH-VOtTAGE PULSID CAPACITORSVo V. Konotop and S. N. FertikKhar'kov Polytechnical Institute inmeni V. 1. Lenin

Durability [life] is the most important technical and economicindicator of any industrial product, including high-voltage power

ca pac itors.

During a comparative evaluaticn of various types of capacitors

one should necessarily take this factor into account. Let us recall

that usually we use so-called specific qualitative characteristics of

capacitors which do not take life itito account. These includi

specific weight, unit cost and unit volume which are actual weight A.

cost S and volume V of the capacitor referred to its energy inder E

(1 and 2]. As the latter itactor for power capacitors oporating in

alternating current circuits, for example, cosine and series

capacitors, we use the reactive pcwer of the capacitor Q. and for

DOC " 1959 PAG! 2

pulsed and filter capacitors, stored energy V.

Thus* for power capacitors we have:

(1) A

(2) V

(3) SYA

Sometimes inverse values are used, for example:

(II) 3y= --

Such specific characteristics, however, are applicable for

comparative evaluation of capacitors only in the case when the

compared objects have am identical rated life.

Actually this is far fro the actual case. in particular for

pulsad capacitors uhich, depending on their designation, are

developed for one or atother life siquiticantly differing frou the

accepted average values of the life of power capacitors for general

application. Thus, high-vol'age j ulsod capacitors intended for

DOC u 1959 PAG! 3

physical investigations cf powerful magnetic fields or hot plasma are

often designed for a total of 1-2 thousand discharges. Alonq with

this capacitors for electrohydraulic installations or for forming

lines operating with a repetiticn frequency of 1-50 Hz must have an

average life of 100-10s discharges.

The individual approach to establishing the life of one or

another type of capacitor is determined not only by economics but

sometimes by purely technical considerations, inasmuch as a decrease

of the life makes it possible tc correspondingly reduce the weight,

volume, and inductance of the capacitor. Therefore for capacitors

having a different rated life sFecific indices must be introduced

which take the life into account as well as weight, coste and volume.

For pulsed capacitors one sbould take into account the rated and

average life (the nutber of charge-discharge cycles which the

capacitor will withstand before failure) and refer a specific

characteristic to a single discbarge. Then instead of (3) we obtain:

(5) li- ..ie

And likewise

DOC = 1959 PAGE 4

s rail% _(6) -j 4.1

The latter formula is very graphic. It expresses the component

cost of a single pulse (discharge) expendable for depreciation of the

capacitor referred to the energy stored in the capacitor.

The specific characteristics taking into account the life of a

pulsed capacitor could be designated and named: a - specific

economic weight, s - specific cost. v3A - specific economic

Let us examine the suggested specific characteristics in

somewhat more detail using the exarple of pulsed capacitors for

general a pplication.

For this we analytically express the specific characteristics of

the capacitor through the average life.

For establishing the connection between the average life and the

gradient for cosine capacitors In a relatively narrow range with

resp:,ct to lifo we use a formula ef the form [1]:

DOC - 1959 PAGE 5

where 9 - intensity of the electrical field in the dielectric;

t - average life with a gradient E;

k and a - coefficients, depending cn the mode of operation of the

capacitor, technology of its manufacture, peculiarities of

construction and a number of other factors.

Thus for example, for paper caFacitors iupregnated with liquid

dielectric operating with alterrating current, a may have the values:

7-8 [1], 10 (3], and 12-14 (4]. For capacitors operating with

direct current, m=16 (3].

The performed investigations shoved that for pulsed capacitors

with paper-oil insulation the dependence of the working gradiant on

the average life may be expressed by an analogous empirical formula

of the form [5].

where Be - intensity of the electrical field with which the

DC 1959 PAGI 6

capacitor could theoretically operate an infinitely long time; in a

narrow range with respect to life we may accept Eg* =0.

N - the average life of a capacitor with gradient E.

As is known the weight of the capacitor in kilograms may be

found approximately according tc the formula

(9) A = 1. 3 .1O'Y wk.11

where 9 - working gradient& V/csi

U - working voltage, V;

C - capacitance;

t- relative dialoctric constant:

k- coefruicie.t of filling of the volume of the capacitor with

7 - specific gravity of the dielectric, g/cm3 .

DOC " 1959 PAGI 7

Coefficient k2 is equal to the ratio of the weight of the active

part of tho working dielectric of the capacitor to its total weight

and depends both on the parameters of the capacitor (working voltage,

capacitance, life) and on the perfection of its construction.

Let us find a for which we substitute (9) into (5):

Having substituted the value of gradient E from expression (9)

into (10) we will obtain:

(11) aY.A_ IG. lO,0y N .m ,r "•y 2,6 1'T. AV K . I

In order to movo to the specific cost of the capacitor let us

note that inasmuch as we use forcula (9) and all those following it

for comparison of the same type of capacitors which are close to each

othcr in their paramecters, thku in the first approximation we may

cou.der k2 ai a corstant co-,fic!iert. nalogously, in the tirst

approximation it is possible to accept ithat the supply cost cf the

capacitor is proportional to the weight of the active part of the

dioloctric. A: shown by the cc5t enalysis of a number of doz:,stic

a

DOC 1959 PAGE 8

capacitors, the corresponding proportionality coefficient k 3 lies in

the limits of 0.15 to 0.4.

Then

-- , I

(12) S 2,26. 1,k-sO .V.asp~iO]'

KEY: rubles/J.discharge.

where P1 is the cost of the dielectric, rubles/kg.

It would be possible to write more accurate and more complex

equations expressing the dependence of the total weight and the

supply cost of the capacitor on the weight of the activo part of the

working dielectric. However, for the given qualitative investigation

this is apparently not required, especially as the value K3 is

affected by a number of othsr factors which are difficult to consider

(technological effectiveness of the construction, dogres of

mechanization of producticn, level of additional expenses, etc.).

Lot us hiie oKp',- ion (12) . Fron it, it follows that other

canditions beiiig equal the calculated sNA decroases in propcrtion to

the increase of N.

DOC 1959 PAGE 9

On the basis of analysis of the wholesale cost of capacitors of

type In producad by dorinstic plants, and also of capacitors produced

in small series at the Fhanrkcv Pelytechnical Institute, depending on

the rated (guaranteed) life, the figure shows plotted curves.

;oo , 501,

A 1.1/. 10Z KO. " .. t biA4 -35 O2) K tfM (3/l~OJ, KwAd-f o'SO/fo),

7o ~ Pf4 C I-(SO/ 10)---' .7 OM 20) -A- (0%M-3msO \k ,,,/,

M - f ", K6vr-.?25/o,510"

4 - 7010/,2

;ep:n::n::of ;respoblflicoui7;h ivreon th rated life of the

c~14cito#5 010,8a 5; M-t ×-S/ zE K specific ost7,

Vausof coeff~cicents u and k1 for capacitors turned out to

r'.'.:, . f r az: I L;-:',J aL k;-2.S.1O6'; for: area II, m=11 and10- F., 7 0i10 ar1 t7 I f178 h c fic fotOt

Deenene of :' th.er scsti pccfic cot of dicareo, qrtyedsif ofth

° i

DOC 1959 PAGE 10

capacitors with insulation of capacitor paper impregnated with

capacitor oil.

These curves enclose three areas:

Area I encompasses pulsed capacitors operating at an equivalent

load of more than 1 0, with a discharge repetition frequency not

greater than 0.1-0.01 Hz (for example, circuits of generators of

pulsed voltage and current in high-voltage electrical engineering

laboratories, and some electrohydraulic installations).

Area II encompasses pulsed capacitors operating at very small

equivalent loads on the order of 0.01-0. 1 9 (installations fcr some

physics research, for agneto-pulse treatment of metals. and co

forth). The repetition frequency Is usually not greater than 0.1 Hz.

Area III - capacitors discharging to loads on the order of 10

ohrs with a repetition frequency of 25-100 Hz (circuit of

high-voltage forming lines, some electrohydraulic installations,

It rVhOUld bo ccnsidarod that the avc~rage life~ of a capac'itor is

usually not lmss than 2-3 ties higber than the rated (guaranteed)

life.

01 f c..

DOC = 1959 PAGE 11

The relationships given abcve apparently relate to the case when

capacitors are always operated under nominal conditions with respect

to charge voltage and lcad. If under actual conditions, as this often

happens, the capacitor is used with various values of the charge

voltage U$<UH, then its work capacity will naturally increase.

Normally the operation of a capacitor is provided for at several

different (discrete) operating voltages Us, U2. o*-, Uk * ... , Vse

to which corresponds a life NZ, N, ., eg, Nk a 00, N" . If at each

voltage the capacitor operates p 0/0 of the time so that

pt+p2 .o+pk .. o P, =100 0/0 , then the rated life of the capacitor

is increased and will apparently be equal to:

(13) P14

where P - rated life of thei capacitor taking into account the

charging conditions in the given installation.

Taking into account that for a pulsed capacitor a relationship

of the form

_ _. _. -........ .. .. 2 .. .... .. ... .. ..,,, .. ...Ll t .--.. ... .. ... .... .. ..... .. , . 2 1. -2 .' "- " , .. A II

la ,

DOC = 1959 PEGI 12

(14) U)n A

is valid. and substituting (15) into (114) we obtain

100,V1,

_Ph ( 4)tl

where N. - rated life at the nominal voltage.

The relationships given abc'e cay be used by developers of

high-voltage pulsed capacitors and designers ef high-voltage pulspd

installations for technological purr'csas and for sciat~tific research.

LITERATURE

1. P e ii ii e 8 1 T, )'.WKT1Vwniiie KoiiellcaTopbl, rocsitepro-

2. )JCKTP04TCX)1111ieCX11f CHIMpaB01111K 10 pea A. r. roqosa-11OB3, IT. r. lpyAICK01o It AP., I0UoLlcproiI3.jaT, 1952.

3. Ka pric0o1 11. H., Ky 1 HIt C Kn r, . C. H TH io-ti a 0. B13..4~CON011o.1MTIe K1OIAt'HC81TC4PW 8 1130J111Pl')IKiHX KO-)Kyxiix, Tpy.'ut.711111, TextIIIKa 13LICO)KHX InaflpwhHeliiii, 1. rOC3HCp*ro3Aa1T, 1954.

4. B a p wu a D c x mi A1. C.. T1YTm "nimuiemhin K'icnua Cajio-

S. K o 11 0v Ti 0 . )1., j1.pj(iT .ai t ,1cfck,iiiime 4eK0T0Pu1XTHflOII lt.IC K0!10!!V,T!11,1X 11IMIIV.1tCM1 x r'lpo~tclB 11 x0H..sicarupoll

im im a.AiiIpwla Lctp.Lii iz1f, 9tj

DATE

FILMED

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