Technology development of Nissan's Electric Vehicle and

(C) Copyright NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. 2010 All rights reserved.

1

2010.3.4Nissan Motor Co., Ltd

Fellow Haruyoshi KUMURA

Technology development of Nissan's Electric Vehicle

and future vision


2

1. Background on the Electric Powertrain

2. Development of Nissan’s EV

3. Preparation for Widespread EV

Adoption

4. Approach to Future Mobility


3

1850 1900 1950 2000 2050

10000

20000

30000

40000

Century of Energy Transformation

*Calculated based on BP figures, WBCSD SMP reports, IEA WEO, and JPDA sources

Consu

mption (

M b

bl)

1908Ford Model T

1859First Modern Oil Well

Oil ConsumptionOil Consumption

Oil Consumption for VehiclesOil Consumption for Vehicles

Oil ProductionOil Production

Oil production has reached its peak.A hundred years have passed since the Ford Model T was first produced. Now is an era of new energy for automobiles.


4＊EIA：Petroleum “International Data” & IEO2009

Oil：Changes in oil pricesPrice hike in fossil fuel No major changes in the price of electricity

Oil

pri

ce （

Do

llars

per

Barr

el）

US

pri

ce o

f ele

ctri

city

（C

en

ts p

er

Kil

ow

att

ho

ur）

0

20

0

50

100

150

200

1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

History Projections

High scenario

Average scenario

ElectricityOil


5

Nissan’s scenario for CO2 reduction

40

60

80

100

0

20

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050

40

60

80

0

20

100

90% Reduction

450ppm450ppm

Need 90% reduction by 2050 to remain at 450ppm(from the 2000 level)

Zero emission vehicleZero emission vehicle

New

car’

s W

ell T

o W

heel

CO

2em

issi

on

s (%

)

Well t

o W

heel C

O2

Em

issi

on

R

ed

uct

ion

by F

utu

re P

ow

ert

rain

(%

)

HEV EV FCVICE


6

Electricity

Zero-emission energy

Energy : Electricity for powertrainsDependence on fossil fuel to energy diversification. A major part of energy is used as electricity.

Oil

Biomass

CoalNatural gas

Nuclear

hydroelectric, wind, solar


7

1. Background on the Electric Powertrain


2-1．LEAF, newly Developed EV

2-2．Core Technologies for Competitive EV

3. Preparation for Widespread EV Adoption



8

Launch JPN, US, EUR in FY10Expand globally in 2012

LEAF unveiled in August 2009


9

Seating capacity： 4-5 adultsCruising range : over 160km (US LA4)Motor : 80kW, 280NmBattery : 24kWh Li-ion (produced by AESC)

LEAF overview


10

EV dedicated IT support systemEV dedicated IT support system

LEAF overview


11

モータ回転数 [rpm]

トル

ク[N

m]

90％

95％

モータ回転数 [rpm]

トル

ク[N

m]

90％

95％

90％

95％

EV creates new driving pleasure.

Zero-emissionZero-emissionCharged at home Filled-up every morning

Charged at home Filled-up every morning

High Energy EfficiencyInexpensive Fuel Price

Quietness w/o engine noise

Quietness w/o engine noise

Exhilarating Acceleration Feel Smooth Start

Exhilarating Acceleration Feel Smooth Start

To

rqu

e

Motor Rotation

Change Attraction of Vehicles


12

Quick acceleration with equal performance to 3L gasoline vehicle

Time [sec]

LEAF

Hypermini

FUGA

30ｍ

3L gasoline vehicle

10ｍ 20ｍ

3.7 sec

3.7 sec

3.7 sec

LEAF

Acc

ele

rati

on

[G]

LEAF acceleration


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0 50 100 150 2000

20

40

60

80

100

Average range (km) per day

Perc

en

tag

e (

%)

Cruising range for a fully charged Nissan EV is over 160km (US LA4)Covers daily commute for most major cities in urban areas

Cruising range sufficient for daily use


14

充電

Charging Level

0 1/2 Full

Autonomy Range

１２３ｋｍ※Estimation

Charging Start !OFF

80%

ON

充電

Charging Level

0 1/2 Full

Autonomy Range

１２３ｋｍ※Estimation

Charging Start !OFF

80%

ONON

Driving range

Nearby charging stations

Fully charged notice

Off-board support On-board support Off-board support

Before driving Driving After driving

Trip review

Pre-cooling system Charging timer

IT supports charging for both on-board and off-board

24 hours IT EV charging support


15

1. Background on Electric Powertrain


2-1． LEAF, newly Developed EV





16

＜Power Module＞Motor,Inverter

Electronic components are main constituent, and highly possible to reduce cost. Modularization will make progress.

＜Battery Module＞Laminated Li-ion Battery

Others30% Over 70%

Others

Electronics

Electric VehicleGasoline Vehicle

Electronics

Change Structure of Vehicles


17

Po

wer

perf

orm

an

ce

kW

/kg

1997 Li-ion battery(Cylinder type)

1992 Ni-MH battery1900- Lead-acid battery 2003 Li-ion battery(Laminated type)

1

2

0

3

‘80 ‘90 ‘00

Lead-acidbattery Ni-MH battery

Li-ion battery

In this 15 years, performance of automotive battery significantly improved, enabling EV introduction to the market.

Battery evolution


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140Wh/kg*> 2.5kW/kg*½ the Size

Charge

Discharge

* after durability test * after durability test

Cylindrical(2000)

Laminated

LaminatedCylindrical

Stable crystal structure materialHigher cooling efficiency by laminated structure

Nissan is the first to believe in the potential of Li-ion batteries for automotive applications and has begun development since 1992Nissan has developed a commercially viable automotive

battery with high performance and reliability

High reliability

Twice the energyTwice the power Halved size and flexible packaging

Cylindrical(2000)

Laminated

Performance of laminated Li-ion battery


19

Advanced battery installed under vehicle floor, which results in improved cabin space

Mounting image

Year 2000

Lead-acid battery Li-ion battery

1600L

200L

CurrentMotorMotor InverterInverter BatteryBattery

eg) Capacity for storing 20kwh of energyeg) Capacity for storing 20kwh of energy

Evolution of vehicle


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Charger

Battery packs

Inverter

Motor

Regeneration braking

Electric air-conditioner

Electric power steering

All major components of EV are electric, including powertrain, power steering and air-conditioner

LED headlights

Electric parts on EV


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22

ドイツ中国

米国New YorkNew York

Los AngelesLos Angeles

Chicago

San San FranciscoFrancisco

Philadelphia

Dallas Atlanta

Houston

Detroit

Sao Paulo

BeijingBeijingTokyo

MoscowParisParis

London

Madrid

5000k -

3000k -2000k -

1000k -

Shanghai Yokohama

Lisbon

Manchester

Singapore

Seattle

Phoenix

San Diego

Portland

Seoul

EV Market：Potential demand of 100M unitsin urban areas

*Number of automobiles counts only the city holds over 1 million units of passenger vehicle (CY2006)

Initial customers are users in urban areas, with a daily commutes within the charging station networkApproximately 100 million units or 15 % of the global automobile market is in urban areas


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Type Power source Charging time

Single-phase100V

Single-phase200V 8h

~15A

Three-phase 200V

16h

30min

~20A

Ordinary charge

Quick charging

Charge on the roadCharge at destination

Ordinary charge

Home charge

Quick chargingChoose ordinary or quick charge depending on how long stay

Charging methods

EVuses

Charging network

ChargerCharger

Charger

ChargerShort distance Short / middle distance Long distance

Basic concept of charging infrastructureCharging network

Charging type


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Nissan is developing a network of charging points with multiple partners

Today 2010 Target

Quick charger

23(current)

100

Ordinary

charger

160(planned)

1000(～2014)

10 km

10

km

Kanagawa prefecture

YokohamaYokohama

Urban area

Quick charger

Potential sites for ordinarycharging station

As of March 2009 Number of public charging facilities in Kanagawa pref.

Ex:Infrastructure in Kanagawa Pref.


25

0

Houses with 200V power panelboards are now common due to the increase in electronics, IH heater and air conditioner. Once increased capacity is completed, supplying power to the EV for these homes will be easy.Over 80% of detached homes are equipped with outside wall plugs.

power panelboard

200V home electronic

equippedequipped:84%:84%

unequippedunequipped:16%:16%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

outside wall plug

outside wall plug

200V

Charging infrastructure:Easy to install home chargers in detached houses


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New mobility business• Car sharing• Cooperation with public

transportation facilities

Business related to EV parts• Expansion of power electronics components

• Equipment related to infrastructure

Charging infrastructure• Amplification of charging stations• Synergy with service industry

Management of electricity• Expansion of natural energy use• “Smart House”• Secondary use of battery

EV creates new business opportunities.

Change Surrounding Industries


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solar batterypanel

storage battery (Li-ion Batt.)

converter

V2H H2V

switchboardAC

DC

ACDC

Storage

Selling

Smart houseSmart house

nighttimeelectricity

Resulting in ultimate energy savings for the household, possible to deliver more clean energy through solar power and EV battery

Effective utilization of clean energy:Smart House


29

Increase facilities and houses with high energy

self-sufficient rate

Power sharing among facilities and

network

Connection with clean power basement

mega solar wind

Evolution to smart house, smart communityand smart grid

smart house smart community smart grid

Introduction scenario for smart grid


30

quick chargeDC/DC

storage

selling

charge

50kW

Created battery storage facility through EV located on parking area Integrated solar electric generation for emergency power and quick charging station

general load

battery storage（EV on parking area）

168kWh

solar battery panel

switchboard

Solar electric charging station demonstration(started 2009)


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Zero CarbonZero CarbonZero Carbon

Low CarbonLow CarbonLow Carbon

Popularization of EVPopularization of EV

Spread of eco-drivingSpread of eco-driving Improvement of traffic jam

Improvement of traffic jam

For the most suitable mobility：

YOKOHAMA mobility “Project ZERO”Began examination that aims for a model low carbon cityDivided areas in order to provide suitable mobility andreduce the city’s overall CO2 levels


32

Partnership

Oregon

CaliforniaArizona

Tennessee

U.S.A(2010)

Washington

North. CarolinaIsraël(2011)

Monaco(2011)

UK

Japan(2010)

Singapore

China(2011)Portugal(2011)

Ireland

Australia

*) As of the end of August, 2009

Switzerland(2011)

France(2011)

(EV introduction year)

Approximately 30 partnerships worldwide

Global partnership for EV popularization


33

Thank you

Documents

Technology development of Nissan's Electric Vehicle and