TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER : - MOVING FROM

NEGOTIATIONS TO IMPLEMENTATION

WILLIAM KOJO AGYEMANG-BONSU

NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE COORDINATOR

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY, GHANA

UNFCCC WORKSHOP ON INNOVATIVE OPTIONS FOR FINANCING DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFER OF

TECHNOLOGIES, 27 – 29 SEPTEMBER 2004, INTERCONTINETAL HOTEL, MONTREAL, CANADA

OUTLINE OF PRSENTATION

• Elements of UNFCCC Technology Development and Transfer Framework

• Ghana’s Technology Needs Assessment

• Challenges

• What requires financing?

• Conclusions

Elements of UNFCCC Technology Development and Transfer Framework

1) Technology Needs Assessment– Information needs– Capacity building needs – institutional, human– Assessment of enabling environment – systemic capacities,

including barriers and actions to overcome them– Financing

2) Technology information3) Enabling Environment4) Capacity building5) Mechanisms for technology transfer – institutional

and financing aspects

Ghana’s Technology Needs Assessment

Goals of the TNA

• Contribute to global effort towards sustainable development and in particular the protection of the climate system.

• Communicate to COP under UNFCCC and the global community Ghana’s climate change technology requirements.

• Identify, analyze and prioritize technologies that can form the basis for a portfolio of ESTs projects and programmes

• Identify human, institutional and systemic capacity needs that ensure the smooth development, transfer and acquisition of ESTs

• Enlist interest and commitment from key stakeholders and forge partnerships to support investment or barrier removal actions for purposes of enhancing the commercialization or otherwise diffusion of high priority technologies

Immediate Objectives

Stakeholders

• Government• Quasi-Government• Business Associations• Financial Institutions• NGOs• Research/Academia• Development Partners

Resources for Ghana’s Needs Assessment

• Major funding from UNDP/GEF

• Technical support provided by NREL with funds from CTI/USDOE

Overview of Ghana’s Approach to Needs Assessment

• Development of background documentation • Stakeholder identification (national/international)• Organization of scoping meeting/stakeholder consultations• Establishment of Technology selection criteria• Choosing sectors/sub-sectors for assessment• Establishment of core/expert teams• Prioritizations of technologies• Holding donor consultations• In-depth analysis • Preparation of needs assessment report• Development of technology transfer implementation plan

Technology Priorities Setting

Selection Criteria Development benefits Market Potential Contribution Towards Mitigating

Climate Change Additional Attributes

Selection CriteriaDevelopment benefits

Job creationWealth creation for the poorCapacity buildingUse of local resourcesGDP growthGood effect on balance of trade Health ImprovementSkills development

Market PotentialInitial capital outlayAffordabilityInvestment sustainabilityLow maintenance – durabilityCommercial availability andReplicability

Selection Criteria

Contribution Towards Mitigating Climate Change No or low GHG emissions Minimal harm to the environment Low potential for “leakage” Enhance sinks and waste recovery

Selection Criteria

Additional Attributes Able to meet other social need(s) and are

socially acceptable Promote international trade in the context of

north-south and south-south cooperation Promote sub-regional cooperation with

respect to optimization in use of resources for development

Selection Criteria

Contents of the Needs Assessment Report

• Executive Summary• Technology Transfer Implementation

Plan – In-depth Analysis• National Environmental Context• Technology Priorities• Review of Legislative and Institutional

Framework• Conclusions and Recommendations

Technology Implementation Plan – In-depth Analysis

• Background of Technology - information

• Barriers to the development and transfer

• Suggested Actions to Remove Barriers Ghana Actions

Existing programmes and policies Additional actions

Actions expected from International Community

• Expected results of technology transfer• Development, Economic and Social Benefits• Market Penetration and sustainability• GHG reduction and other environmental benefits

• List of stakeholders• National• International (Informed by TT Clear website, CTI personal

communication and website)

• Capacity needs• Recommendations for the creation of enabling

environment and general conclusions

Technology Implementation Plan – In-depth Analysis

Top Priority Technologies

• Energy efficient lighting using compact fluorescent lamps

• Industrial energy efficiency improvements – demand side management including power factor improvement and boiler efficiency enhancement

• Methane gas capture from landfills• Use of bio-fuels (jatropha)

CHALLENGES“The sweetness of the pudding is in the eating”• Access to technology information• Development of bankable project portfolios• Developing implementation models and business plans

– capacity, barrier removal strategies• Creation of the enabling environment for sustained

technology development and transfer, including market transformation

• Building of business partnerships and identification of technology transfer intermediaries

• Financing – where (under UNFCCC and other donor sources), when, what and how?

What Requires financing?– A Case study

Promotion and use bio-fuels in GhanaBarriers• Inadequate awareness of the potential of bio-diesel• Uncertainty about the economics of production• Lack of know-how and infrastructure for efficient

and cost effective extraction process• Lack of capacity in purification and blending of

bio-fuels with fossil fuels• Competition of land for food crops

CONCLUSIONS• Technology needs assessment is the critical niche • The weakest link of the technology development and

transfer chain is the mechanism for technology transfer - including financing

• Technology transfer is not a formula but an innovative process, involving learning by doing

• Therefore there is the need for joint research and development as well as partnership development that will address the fear of loss of IPRs

• Opportunities for financing technology development and transfer arise from barrier identification and removal strategies identified during technology needs and needs assessment