International Centre for Transformational Entrepreneurship

Technology and Entrepreneurial Education Past, Present, and FutureDr Kelly SmithSenior Lecturer and ISBE Vice President for Education and Practitioner Learning

For Students

For Business

ForEducators

Technology for who?

Quick History of Learning Technology

Learning Technology – 1970s

PLATO from the University of Illinois

Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations

Supported several thousand graphics terminals distributed worldwide by late 1970s

Basis of many concepts in multi-user computing e.g. forums, message boards, online testing, e-mail, chat rooms, picture languages, instant messaging, remote screen sharing, and multiplayer games

Talkomatic, a multi-user chat room application, is created using PLATO in 1973

http://www.bitsavers.org/pdf/univOfIllinoisUrbana/plato/X‐20_The_Plato_IV_Architecture_May72.pdf

Learning Technology – 1980s

Usenet

Concept introduced in 1979 and launched in 1980 Worldwide distributed discussion system a decade before WWW was created Users read and posted messages called articles or posts - collectively termed

news - to one or more categories, known as newsgroups Introduced concepts such as ‘FAQ’, ‘flame’ and ‘spam’

Usenet

“Usenet has been full of surprises from the beginning. The originators of Usenet underestimated the hunger of the people. As the initial intentions were to produce an easy method of communicating with other users at the same site, the programmers thought people would want to have local bulletin boards. However, people were attracted by the possibility of communicating with others outside the local community as well....Usenet grew as a grassroots connection of people. The people who utilized Netnews wanted to communicate, and communicate they did! People have a fundamental need to communicate and Usenet aptly fills the bill.”

http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/book/ch106.x03

Learning Technology – 1990s

World Wide Web created at CERN in 1989 Software made public in April 1993

http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html JISC and ALT set up in the UK in 1993 1995 sees launch of early VLEs including Lotus Notes, Firstclass, WebCT

Boddington, and… Wolverhampton Online Learning Framework (WOLF) to deliver training

materials to local SMEs (adopted as the University's VLE and sold to Granada Learning in 1999; rebranded as Learnwise) Blackboard launched in 1997; Moodle in 2002

The First Social Media Platform?

Ran 1997 to 2001 Named after the six degrees of separation concept

Users listed friends, family members and acquaintances External contacts were invited to join the site Users could send messages and post bulletin board

items to people in their first, second, and third degrees

Could map their connection to any other user on the site

The Rise of Social Media

Launch of AOL Instant Messenger (AIM) in 1997 (closed down on December 15th 2017)

Launch of Yahoo! Messenger in 1999 (still going!)

Launch of MSM Messenger in 1999 (closed in 2014; continued in China until 2015)

Launch of one the first blogging sites – LiveJournal (sold to a Russian media company in 2007)

The Rise of Social Media Continued

Friendster launches in 2002

LinkedIn launches in 2002

MySpace launches in 2003

Skype launches in 2003

Facebook launches in 2004 and in 2006 to anyone over 13 years old

Bebo launches in 2005

YouTube launches in 2005

Twitter launches in 2006

Sina Weibo launches in 2009

…

Second Life – Created in 2003

Something happened in 2007…

Before and after the iPhone

Entrepreneurship Education 2006

McKeown, J., Millman, C.,  Sursani, S., Smith, K., and Martin, L. (2006) "Graduate entrepreneurship education in the United Kingdom", Education + Training, Vol. 48 Issue: 8/9, pp.597‐613, https://doi.org/10.1108/00400910610710038

“The Future” seen from 2011Technology Outlook for UK Tertiary 

Education 2011‐2016 NMC Horizon Report2011 Global Edition

2010 NMC Horizon ReportAustralia‐New Zealand Edition

Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: One Year or Less

Cloud Computing  Cloud Computing  Cloud Computing

Mobiles Collaborative Environments Electronic Books

Open Content Electronic Books  Mobiles

Tablet Computing  Mobiles Social Networking

Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: Two to Three Years

Game‐Based Learning  Augmented Reality Augmented Reality

Learning Analytics  Game‐Based Learning Game‐Based Learning

New Scholarship  Open Content  Open Content

Semantic Applications  Visual Data Analysis  Virtual Worlds

Time‐to‐Adoption Horizon: Four to Five Years

Augmented Reality  Brain‐Computer  Interfaces  Gesture‐Based Computing

Collective Intelligence  Gesture‐Based Computing Semantic Web

Smart Objects  Learning Analytics  Telepresence

Telepresence  Semantic Applications  Visual Data Analysis

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/E

D532399.pdf

The Importance of Digital Literacy

JISC’s Seven Digital Literacies for Students

https://www.jisc.ac.uk/guides/developing‐digital‐literacies

JISC’s Six Digital Capabilities

For Staff

https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-teacher-questions-HE.pdf

https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-teacher-questions-FE.pdf

Students

https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-HE-student-digital-capability-questions.pdf

https://digitalcapability.jiscinvolve.org/wp/files/2017/11/Jisc-discovery-tool-FEandSkills-student-digital-capability-questions.pdf

JISC’s Discovery Tool

DIGCOMP – 5 Areas of Digital Competence1. InformationIdentify, locate, retrieve, store, organise and analyse digital information, judging its relevance and purpose.

2. CommunicationCommunicate in digital environments, share resources through online tools, link with others and collaborate through digital tools, interact with and participate in communities and networks, cross-cultural awareness.

3. Content-creationCreate and edit new content (from word processing to images and video); integrate and re-elaborate previous knowledge and content; produce creative expressions, media outputs and programming; deal with and apply intellectual property rights and licences. http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC83167.pdf

DIGCOMP – Areas of Digital Competence

4. SafetyPersonal protection, data protection, digital identity protection, security measures, safe and sustainable use.

5. Problem-solvingIdentify digital needs and resources, make informed decisions as to which are the most appropriate digital tools according to the purpose or need, solve conceptual problems through digital means, creatively use technologies, solve technical problems, update one's own and others' competences

http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC83167.pdf

Fake or Real News Headlines?

Man Plans Homemade-Rocket Space Voyage to Prove Earth is FlatREALhttp://fortune.com/2017/11/22/man-plans-homemade-rocket-space-voyage-to-prove-earth-is-flat/

Tearful Trump Puts Down Ladle, Walks Out of Soup Kitchen After Learning Charitable Foundation Shutting DownFAKE (Satire) https://politics.theonion.com/tearful-trump-puts-down-ladle-walks-out-of-soup-kitche-1820652734

Confirmed by NASA: Planet Nibiru is Heading Towards Earth and Will End All LifeFAKEhttp://www.disclose.tv/news/nasa_confirms_planet_nibiru_is_coming_toward_earth__nibiru_will_be_a_life_ending_event/131025https://www.snopes.com/nasa-warns-nibiru-is-headed-straight-for-earth/

Conspiracy Theories, Hoaxes, and Dark Posts

http://mashable.com/2016/12/05/pizza‐gate‐fake‐news‐community‐fights/#_rh2.fG14kqD

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/11/06/us/shooting‐texas‐hoaxes.html

https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2017/nov/25/vote‐leave‐dominic‐cummings‐online‐guru‐mystery‐letter‐dark‐ads

There’s ‘News’ and ‘News’!

https://www.facebook.com/vanessa.otero.9619

Useful Resources

http://www.newsnow.co.uk/h/

https://www.snopes.com/

https://reverse.photos/

The CRAAP Test

Currency/Date The timeliness of the information

Relevancy/Coverage The importance and scope of the information

Accuracy The reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information

Authority The source of the information

Purpose The reason the information exists

http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/research/how‐to‐evaluate‐info/

Example Current Learning Technologies

PowerPoint

Value or cost of sales

Output Volume

Fixed Costs

Variable Costs

Total Cost

Turnover

Break Even Point

Burns (2016) Chapter 11

Break-Even Point

PowerPoint

Value or cost of sales

Output Volume

Fixed Costs

Variable Costs

Total Cost

Turnover

Break Even Point

Burns (2016) Chapter 11

Break-Even Point

VideoScribe

https://www.videoscribe.co/en/

https://youtu.be/IrsZ‐z_zE7c

Microsoft Sway

YouTube

https://youtu.be/Ot4sMM_hglo

Other example tools and resources…

Socrative – polls and answer visualisation https://www.socrative.com/

Padlet – collaboration toolhttps://padlet.com/

IPO Dragon’s Den Bloghttps://dragonsden.blog.gov.uk/

Financial Timeshttps://enterprise.ft.com/en-gb/services/group-subscriptions/education/tertiary/

The Future?

Accredited Online Programmes of Study

https://www.futurelearn.com/degrees

https://www.coventry.ac.uk/study-at-coventry/online-learning/

Key Trends Accelerating Technology Adoption in Higher Education

Long-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for 5+ years

Advancing Cultures of Innovation Deeper Learning Approaches

Mid-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for the next 3-5 years

Growing Focus on Measuring Learning Redesigning Learning Spaces

Short-Term Trends: Driving Ed Tech adoption in higher education for the next 1-2 years Blended Learning Designs Collaborative Learning

http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf

Significant Challenges Impeding Technology Adoption in Higher Education

Solvable Challenges: Those that we understand and know how to solve

Improving Digital Literacy Integrating Formal and Informal Learning

Difficult Challenges: Those that we understand but for which solutions are elusive Achievement Gap Advancing Digital Equity

Wicked Challenges: Those that are complex to even define, much less address

Managing Knowledge Obsolescence Rethinking the Roles of Educators

http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf

Important Developments in Educational Technology for Higher Education

Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 1 Year or Less

Adaptive Learning Technologies Mobile Learning

Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 2-3 Years The Internet of Things Next-Generation LMS

Time-to-Adoption Horizon: 4-5 Years

Artificial Intelligence Natural User Interfaces

http://cdn.nmc.org/media/2017‐nmc‐horizon‐report‐he‐EN.pdf

JISC Horizon Scanning

Key topic areas:

Blockchain Cloud computing Data-driven decision making Open by default Artificial intelligence

https://www.jisc.ac.uk/rd/projects/horizon‐scanning