TECHNOLOGIES. WHAT IS 3 G 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology,...
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3 G DATA ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES
TECHNOLOGIES. WHAT IS 3 G 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. To meet the growing demands
WHAT IS 3 G 3G is the third generation of mobile phone
standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. To meet
the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high
speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards
started evolving..
Slide 3
Technologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards
like:- GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used
worldwide.And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America.
3G Technologies:- WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System - Frequency Division Duplex)---Direct
Spread CDMA2000 - 1x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrier UMTS TDD (Time
Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous Code
Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code 4G Technologies:- Digital
Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide
area broadcasting Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)
Slide 4
Route to 3G 1G: analog 2G : 1st digital mobile telephony 2.5G:
transition from 2G to 3G 3G standard: IMT 2000
Slide 5
THE GENERATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES Wireless communication
revolution Changing the way we live Capabilities not possible in
the past
Slide 6
History of Mobile Telephony First Generation (1G) Early 1980's
Analog transmissions (Advanced Mobile Phone Service) 824 - 890MHz
Cellular modems Cellular Digital Packet Data (9600 bps) Motorola
DynaTAC 8000X AMPS Motorola MicroTAC 9800X AMPS
Slide 7
First generation:- 1.Almost all of the systems of this
generation were Analog systems where voice was considered to be the
main traffic. 1.1G wireless networks used analog radio signals.
Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of
about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers. This
is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access
(FDMA). 2.These systems could often be listened to by third
parties. 3.DRAWBACK OF 1G 1G compares unfavorably to its
successors. It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice
links, and no security at all since voice calls were played back in
radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted
eavesdropping by third parties.
Slide 8
History of Mobile Telephony Second Generation (2G) Early 1990's
Digital AMPS Personal Communications Service 1.9GHz band; 20-70Kbps
typical Utilized CDMA & TDMA Advantages o Compression o Less
power consumption o Short Messaging Service / MMS o Security
Disadvantages o Poor signal conditions o Lossy compression Motorola
StarTAC
Slide 9
Second generation:- 2G refers to second generation wireless
telecommunication technology. While its predecessor, 1G, made use
of analog radio signals, 2G uses digital radio signals. Based on
what type of multiplexing (the process of combining multiple
digital data streams into one signal) is employed, 2G technologies
may be categorized by whether they are based on time division
multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA).
Around 60% of the current market is dominated by standards. of
second Generation.
Slide 10
TDMA-based 2G standards It includes the following: Global
System for Mobile communications (GSM), used worldwide; Integrated
Digital Enhanced Network (IDEN), developed by Motorola and used in
the United States and Canada; Interim Standard 136 (IS-136) or
Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), used in North and
South America; and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), used in Japan.
IS-95, on the other hand, is CDMA-based. It was developed by
Qualcomm, and is alternately known as TIA-EIA-95 or cdmaOne.
Slide 11
ADVANTAGES OF 2G 2G cellphone units were generally smaller than
1G units, since they emitted less radio power. Another advantage of
2G over 1G is that the battery life of a 2G handset lasts longer,
again due to the lower- powered radio signals 2G also offered
additional services such as SMS and e-mail. Its lower power
emissions also made 2G handsets safer for consumers to use.
Slide 12
2G Wireless The technology of most current digital mobile
phones Features includes: - Phone calls - Voice mail - Receive
simple email messages Speed: 10kb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3
song: 31-41 min
Slide 13
2.5 Generation 2.5G, which stands for "second and a half
generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between
its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G. "2.5G" is an informal
term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G"
which are officially defined standards based on those defined by
the International Telecommunication (ITU). The term "2.5G" usually
describes a 2G cellular system combined with General Packet Radio
Services (GPRS), or other services not generally found in 2G or 1G
networks.
Slide 14
GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2.5G technology. It
has data transmission rates of 28 kbps or higher. Improved 2G
networks (GPRS) manages to support few of applications like web
browsing, emailing, video streaming, Multimedia messaging service
etc. therefore GPRS can also be said that it is 2.5 generation
technology. GPRS came after the development of the Global System
for Mobile (GSM) service, which is classified as 2G technology, and
it was succeeded by the development of the Universal Mobile
Telecommunication Service (UMTS), which is classified as 3G
technology.
Slide 15
2.5G Wireless The best technology now widely available Features
includes: - Phone calls/fax - Voice mail -Send/receive large email
messages - Web browsings - Navigation/maps - New updates Speed:
64-144kb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min
Slide 16
Slide 17
3G: Overview International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 850,
900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz bands Introduces packet-switching
(sharing) Increased security Typical speeds o 300Kbps - 1.4Mbps
download o 100Kbps - 800Kbps upload Streaming multimedia
Slide 18
Third generations:- 3G is the third generation of mobile phone
standards and technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G. To meet
the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high
speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards
started evolving. It is based on the International
Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the
International Mobile Telecommunications programmer, IMT-2000. 3G
technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range
of more advanced services. Services include wide-area wireless
voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a
mobile environment.
Slide 19
3G Wireless Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV Features
includes: - Phone calls/fax - Global roaming - Send/receive large
email messages - High-speed Web Navigation/maps Videoconferencing -
TV streaming - Electronic agenda meeting reminder. Speed:
144kb/sec-2mb/sec Time to download a 3min MP3 song:
11sec-1.5min
W-CDMA also known as UMTS CDMA2000 TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA UWC
(often implemented with EDGE) DECT STANDARDS USED IN THE 3G MOBILES
ARE FOLLOWING
Slide 23
CDMA basics Multiplexing - allowing multiple transmitters to
send data simultaneously using the same frequency Each transmitter
assigned a unique code to distinguish its transmissions over the
medium Allows for a larger bandwidth than TDMA (Time division
multiple access) and FDMA (Frequency division multiple access)
Slide 24
CDMA analogy A room full of people speaking to each other.
Methods to distinguish conversations: Speaking one at a time: TDMA
Speaking in different pitches: FDMA Speaking in different
languages: CDMA
Slide 25
CDMA2000 Developed By the Third Generation Partnership Project
2 (3GPP2) Defines an Air Interface- set of protocols used between
mobile units and their network A Form of Code Division Multiple
Access (CDMA) Used by over 250 Million Users world wide The first
version of CDMA2000 enabled up to 100 callers to share a single
1.25 MHz CDMA channel and provided a peak data rate of 153 Kbps
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) technology increased the peak data
rate to 3.1 Mbps per channel, with the average user experiencing
from 500 to 800 Kbps
Slide 26
UMTS Developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Projects Describes
a network topology o Builds on GSM o Adds additional functionality
o Complex network structure 3 physical layer (air interface)
protocols o W-CDMA o TD-CDMA o TD-SCDMA
Slide 27
W-CDMA Overview Initially developed by NTT DoCoMo in the late
1990's as the 3G air interface for their FOMA network o Later added
to the IMT-2000 family of standards o Chosen for UMTS Most widely
used UMTS air interface High service flexibility o Variable data
rates o Connections can use multiple channels Used as basis for
HSPA family of protocols
Slide 28
W-CDMA Technical Uses the 1920-1980, 2110-2170 MHz frequency
range 'W' stands for wide band- 5MHz wide channels Full duplex o
Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) o Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Uses CDMA protocol Originally was capable of speeds of 2 Mbps With
HSPA, rates of 14.4 Mbps have been achieved HSPA+ yields peak rates
of 58 Mbps
Slide 29
29 3G TD-SCDMA In china, more than 8 millions GSM subscribers
were added in just 1 month. chinas desire to craft its own wireless
vision. Chinese CATT and Siemens jointly submitted IMT-2000 3G
standard based on Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple
Access Relies on existing GSM infrastructure 1.6 MHz channel and
smart antennas to yield more spectral efficiency. 5 ms frames
divided into 7 slots allocated to single data only user or several
slow users TD-SCDMA allows easy upgrade to GSM.
Slide 30
High Speed Packet Access HSPA is built on W-CDMA o Software
construct- requires minimal base station upgrades o Provides much
faster data rates 14.4 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps uplink o System
capacity increased 5x for downlink and 2x for uplink Stands for 2
different protocols o HSDPA - downlink o HSUPA - uplink HSPA+ o
Evolved HSPA, 58 Mbps downlink 22 Mbps uplink Utilized by the
iPhone
Slide 31
3G Capabilities Voice quality comparable to the public switched
telephone network 144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles 384
Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly over small areas Up to
2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use Symmetrical/asymmetrical
data transmission rates Support for both packet switched and
circuit switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic
and real time video
Slide 32
THE EXPECTED GROWTH OF 3 G IN INDIA India is seeing an
unprecedented increase in the mobile users. According of one of the
latest TRAI reports released in November 2008, the total number of
mobile users in India has reached 325 million. In October 2008
alone, 10.42 million new subscribers added. These figures are bound
to shoot up with the launch of 3G network.
Slide 33
Slide 34
SERVICE PROVIDERS OF 3G IN INDIA Some of the major mobile
players in India are BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile, Reliance mobile
and Tata mobile. At one time Aircel mobile was leading the market;
however, it has now lost the market share to BSNL mobile, Airtel
mobile and other leading mobile players.
Slide 35
3G ENABLED HANDSETS IN INDIA Here are the top ten 3G phones of
2009 and their price in Indian Rupees 1. Nokia E 71 Rs. 19,700 2.
Apple iphone 3G Rs. 29800 3. Samsung Pixon Rs.30999 4. Nokia N85
Rs.22,000 5. Blackberry Bold Rs 34990 6. Blackberry Storm Rs 27990
(Only available bundled with Vodafone connection) 7. LG Secret Rs.
22000 8. INQ 1 (Price not available) 9. Sony Ericsson C905
Rs.31,000 10. Samsung Omnia Rs.31,200
Slide 36
3G in India by mid 2009 but with spectrum curbs With the
Government issuing guidelines for 3G, high speed mobile downloads
and live television on mobile will finally become a reality by
middle of 2009. But customers in Delhi or Mumbai may not have much
to look forward to. Due to spectrum constraints, there are merely
three Global System for Mobile (GSM) operators that can offer 3G
services. With one slot already reserved for MTNL and the other two
open for global bids, customers in Delhi and Mumbai may end up
missing the 3G bus if they dont switch operators.
Slide 37
ADVANTAGES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY The Operations Utilizing the
Technology Getting Info Faster Speed On Price
Slide 38
Utilization AT&T utilizes HSPA which yields speeds upwards
of 14.4 Mbps QUALCOMM companies utilize EV-DO which yields speeds
of 3.1 Mbps
Slide 39
DISADVANTAGES Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses
Numerous differences in the licensing terms Large amount of debt
currently sustained by many telecommunication companies, which
makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators
Expense of 3G phones Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new
3G wireless services GE
Slide 40
Features of 3G Key features of 3G systems are a high degree of
commonality of design worldwide, compatibility of services, use of
small pocket terminals with worldwide roaming capability, Internet
and other multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and
terminals.
Slide 41
3G Multimedia Applications Features of 3G that make it well
suited for multimedia: Always on data transfer Multiple directional
data transfer IP datagrams High data speeds
Slide 42
Always-on data transfer Previous generations used time based
connections 3G focused on data transfer, rather than time o Ability
to stay on the network o More suited for internet applications Done
primarily with IP based connection
Slide 43
Multiple directional data transfer 3G allows for sending as
well as receiving packets 2G does not support sending data packets
Allows for sharing content on the web Many modern apps rely on
uploading data
Slide 44
IP datagrams Communication on the internet is done primarily
using IP 3G communication can be done using IP datagrams This
allows for communication directly to the web without additional
translation or network complexity Mobile 3G devices look like
typical end users to servers
Slide 45
High data speeds 3G offers speeds up to 14.4 Mbps o Streaming
audio (128-320 Kbps) o MPEG-1 (1.2 Mbps) 2G only reached 20-70 Kbps
of data download
Slide 46
Outline History of Mobile Telephony 3G o Overview o CDMA basics
o CDMA-2000 & UMTS o 3GPP 3G Multimedia Application
Implementation of 4G o LTE & WiMAX o Communication Protocols
Application of 4G with Multimedia Conclusion
Slide 47
4G: The Next Generation LTE (Long Term Evolution) Advanced, A
more direct upgrade from 3G, currently a 4G candidate WiMAX
(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)[Available now
with Clearwire and Sprint]
Slide 48
Properties of 4G LTE uses 700MHz, while WiMAX uses 2.5GHz
Features of LTE and WiMAX: Orthogonal Frequency-Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) greater
bandwidth efficency along with greater reliability than 3G All
IP-Core, More Multimedia friendly, videos, games, etc. seamless
transition from 4G to 3G coverage areas State of the art encryption
Sprint: o Performance ~12 Mbps LTE 360 Mbps, WiMAX144 Mbps
Slide 49
Applications of 4G with Multimedia Live mobile Video Mobile
Gaming Cloud based video services More interactivity with use of
GPS As well as faster internet
Slide 50
Conclusion Multimedia will continue to be more ubiquitous in
mobile devices as time goes on To keep up with the improving
multimedia technologies, data rates and mobile devices will need to
evolve with it There will always be a desire for higher bandwidth
Market is constantly evolving, 4G is only the next step