1. Technologies to Reduce WaterConsumption in the EnergyIndustryAndrew ShapiroAnthony KuGE Global Research24 Feb 2012

2. Global Challenges Mega TrendsCustomer Needs 2 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

3. GE Water portfolio Chemical & Monitoring Engineered Systems Solutions Water Chemical Industrial UF/MBR/ Services Process Process ABMet RO/ED Thermal/ZLD Mobile/BOO Analytical and Monitoring Solutions Filters & Membranes 3 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

4. Sustainable solutions Conserve Reuse New water GE EcoWater GRC desalination 25% usage GE New Water thrust 50% cost reduction by Reuse Initiative reduction by 2020 2012 4 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

5. Energy-Water Nexus Water for Power Water for Fuel Power for Water

6. Water for Power

7. Global electrical supply 7 GE Title or job number 10/10/2012

8. Steam turbine cycle Evaporated water Turbine/generator High pressure steam Low pressure steam Heat source Cooling tower Feed water Condenser Blowdown water 8 GE Title or job number 10/10/2012

9. Combined cycles save fuel and water Steam turbines Gas turbines Ratio cooling/electricity ~1 Ratio cooling/electricity ~0 Electricity 33% Electricity 40% Fuel Fuel energy Exhaust 33% energy (100%) (100%) Exhaust Cooling 33% 60% water Combined cycle Ratio cooling/electricity ~1/3 Electricity 40% 60% Fuel Electricity 20% energy (100%) Exhaust 20% 20% Exhaust 60% Cooling water 20% 20% Gas turbine Steam turbine 9 GE Title or job number 10/10/2012

10. Coal Power: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle August 2005 Power Plant Water Usage and Loss Study published by NETL 10 GE Title or job number 10/10/2012

11. Water for Fuel

12. Advanced solutions GE Process Target Portfolio Innovation Application + + Chemicals Hybridization SAGD/Frac Water Monitoring Novel operation modes Mining UF/MBR/Filtration Chemical/equipment Food & Beverage RO/ED/EDR/EDI synergy Refinery Thermal/ZLD Process integration Power/steel Industrial It is a SOLUTION that differentiates! 12 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

13. SAGD Process Chemical Solutions Equipment Solutions Emulsion breaking chemicals aid Skim Tank, Induced Gas with the separation of oil & water Floatation & Walnut Shell in Free Water Knockout Drums & Filters reduce oil in water to < Treaters producing Sales Oil and 1ppm. water with ~ 300 ppm oil. Water goes to Thermal Evaporator for re-use.Oil + Water Oil Sands SAGD Steam injected in sand to melt bitumen 13 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

14. Reuse solutions: Oil sands/SAGD Deoiling Silica Removal Salt Removal Waste Disposal Today Flotation/absorption Chemical Blowdown Thermal ZLD precipitationTomorrow Ceramic Electro-coagulation Next Gen RO Non-aqueous ZLD membrane Benefit Reliability Performance Regulation Energy/Regulation Path to market 2010 2011 2012 2013 VOC Pilot Commercial demo 14 Water Reuse: 80% (today) => 95+% (future) DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

15. Reuse solutions: Shale gas Today Tomorrow Transport & Disposal Treatment & Reuse Drivers on site treatment Cost ~100% reuse Environment surface water quality Water Scarcity trucking cost limited sites GE Technology traffic disposal cost Ready for offering Reuse by Blending Path to Market Thermal ZLD 2010: VOC Mobile Evaporator 2011-12: Piloting Chemicals Fresh Water 2012-13: reduced cost Commercial demo Technology Pipelines Reuse of potential well Pretreatment (NORM) Frac blended performance issue Green Chemicals Water water logistics for reuse Membrane Distillation System monitoring & control 15 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

16. Example: Membrane Distillation Basic Principle Potential Advantages Compared to RO: Lower operating pressure Higher rejection (99~100%) Higher water recovery Warm Cold Compared to MSF/MED: SeawaterApplications: Freshwater Less vapor space/footprint Low cost heat available Low material cost (plastic vs stainless) Tough to treat water Can be scaled-downExamples: Frac water Risks/Challenges RO brine management Membrane fouling, scaling SAGD Loss of hydrophobicity Food and beverage water reuse 16 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

17. Power for Water

18. Desalination roadmap $$ NEAR TERM High flux membrane systems Chem/membrane/equip integration Advanced pretreatment Next-generation electrical processes Nanotechnology-enabled processes Solar & low grade heat integration High efficiency membrane materials Renewable energy integration LONG TERM Nanotube active transport Additive particulate separation 2008 2020 18 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

19. How to cut the cost of RO in half RO processe s New elements Waste heat water recovery Nano high fluxCost/m3 membrane s 2003 2020 19 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012

20. Multidisciplinary efforts Membranes Elements SystemsPerformance benefits Higher Flow Lower Cost Capital Cost Higher Rejection Operational Efficiency Reliability Robustness OPEXGRC Technical Programs Low Energy New Element Design Novel Low-Fouling Skids/Systems 20 DRI Conference 24 Feb 2012