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Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Africa – A diverse Continent
The climate of Africa ranges from
tropical to sub arctic on its highest
peaks. Its northern half is primarily
desert or arid, while its central and
southern areas contain both savanna
plains and very dense jungle
(rainforest) regions. In between, there (rainforest) regions. In between, there
is a convergence where vegetation
patterns such as sahel, and steppe
dominate. Africa is the hottest
continent on earth; drylands and
deserts comprise 60% of the entire
land surface. 56°C The record for the
highest temperature recorded was set
in Libya in 1922.
Diverse Climate, geographical locations and availability of resources needs diverse energy
solutions
Electrification in Africa
• Total Installed capacity in
Africa is about 106 GW
• East Africa, West Africa and
Central Africa has per capita
consumption of only
65kWh/year, 155kWhr/year
and 151 kWhr/ year and 151 kWhr/ year
respectively.
• North Africa and South
Africa have higher
consumption Rate of
1767kWhr/year and 953
kWhr/year
• Africa has divers geographical conditions and has rich and
diverse primary energy resources
• North Africa has rich oil and gas reserves, Sahara region has
high concentration of solar radiations, Southern Africa has
rich coal reserves
Need for Electricity Infrastructure
rich coal reserves
• Africa Needs Energy and meeting the energy challenge is of
fundamental importance to Africa’s economic growth and their
efforts to raise level of human development.
• Open cycle gas turbines, Combined cycle gas turbines, Solar
energy, Coal based thermal power plants are suitable
technologies for different parts of the continent
Technologies Suitable for Different Regions of Africa
• Gas & Oil rich region : Combined Cycle & Open Cycle
Gas Plants
• Arid region (Sahara, Sub-Sahara) : Open Cycle Gas
Turbine Plants, Solar Thermal, Solar Photovoltaic, Coal Turbine Plants, Solar Thermal, Solar Photovoltaic, Coal
based Thermal Plants with Air cooled condensers
• Coastal region : Supercritial/ Subcritical Coal based
Thermal Plants with once through condensers
• Eastern & Central region : Ultra Supercritical with
imported coal
• Southern region : Coal based
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
NTPC Presence in
India
RIHAND
(2,000 MW)
RIHAND
(2,000 MW)
SINGRAULI
(2,000 MW)
SINGRAULI
(2,000 MW)
FARIDABAD
(430 MW)
FARIDABAD
(430 MW)
DADRI
(817 MW)
DADRI
(817 MW)
NCTPP
(840 MW)
NCTPP
(840 MW)
ANTA
(413 MW)
ANTA
(413 MW)
AURAIYA
(652 MW)
AURAIYA
(652 MW)
UNCHAHAR
(840 MW)
UNCHAHAR
(840 MW)
TANDA
(440 MW)
TANDA
(440 MW)
KAHALGAON
(840 MW)
KAHALGAON
(840 MW)
FARAKKA
(1,600 MW)
FARAKKA
(1,600 MW)VINDHYACHAL
(2,260 MW)
VINDHYACHAL
(2,260 MW)GANDHAR
(648 MW)
GANDHAR
(648 MW)
KOLDAM
(800 MW)
KOLDAM
(800 MW)
TAPOVAN VISHNUGAD
(520 MW)
TAPOVAN VISHNUGAD
(520 MW)
RAMMAM III
(90 MW)
RAMMAM III
(90 MW)
LOHARINAG PALA
(600 MW)
LOHARINAG PALA
(600 MW)
LATA TAPOVAN
(162 MW)
LATA TAPOVAN
(162 MW)
RUPSIABAGAR KHASIABARA
(260MW)
RUPSIABAGAR KHASIABARA
(260MW)
BARHBARH
BTPS
(705 MW)
BTPS
(705 MW)
Region Coal Gas Total
Northern 8015 2312 10327
Western 7520 1293 8813
Southern 4100 350 4450
Eastern 7900 - 7900
JVs 1924 1940 3864
Total 29459 5895 35354
KORBA
(2,100 MW)
KORBA
(2,100 MW)
KAWAS
(645 MW)
KAWAS
(645 MW)
TALCHER KANIHA
(3,000 MW)
TALCHER KANIHA
(3,000 MW)
RAMAGUNDAM
(2,600 MW)
RAMAGUNDAM
(2,600 MW) SIMHADRI
(1,000 MW)
SIMHADRI
(1,000 MW)
KAYAMKULAM
(350 MW)
KAYAMKULAM
(350 MW)
TALCHER Thermal
(460 MW)
TALCHER Thermal
(460 MW)
GAS POWER STATIONS
THERMAL POWER STATION
HYDRO POWER PROJECTS
ONGOING PROJECTS
SIPATSIPAT
As on date in MW
NTPC’s Expertise
• Engineering of Power Plants with various fuel options
including renewables
• Project Management
• Operation & Maintenance• Operation & Maintenance
• Wide Experience in Advanced Power Plant Technologies
NTPC’s Experiencein Advance Technologies
• Coal Based
– Subcritical Technology
– Adv. Subcritical Technology
– Supercritical Technology
– HCSD Ash Disposal– HCSD Ash Disposal
– Ash Utilisation
• Gas Based Combine Cycle Power Generation
• Coal Mining
• Hydro Power
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Super Critical Technology
What is supercritical Technology
Supercritical Power Plant operates at pressure higher than critical pressure (225.56
Kg/cm2) as compared to conventional power plant (at operating pressure of 180
Kg/cm2)
Advantages of supercritical Technology
• Improvement in plant efficiency (For supercritical plants under construction, 1%
point higher than that for 500 MW sub-critical units)
• Reduction in CO2 emission (0.1million T/year for one 660 MW Unit)
• Low emission of pollutants like carbon dioxide, sulfur oxides, Nitrogen oxides.
Supercritical Technology in NTPC
• NTPC has rich experience with Supercritical Technology for Unit size ranging from
660 MW to 800 MW.
• Sipat-I (3 x 660 MW) – Operational ; Various projects are under advanced stage of
Construction & Engineering
• We have experience of high reheat (565 °C temperature)
design (170/537/565)
• This gives improved efficiency compared to normal sub-
critical units.
• We have zero discharge design Power plants with 30
Advanced Subcritical Technology
• We have zero discharge design Power plants with 30
cusec/1000 MW power plants
• dry condenser design are available for power plants in arid
regions
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Benefits of a Gas Turbine Plant
• Higher Combined Cycle Efficiency (around 60%) v/s
40% of Coal plants
• Lesser Capital Cost
• Shorter Gestation Period
• Quick Startup and loading
• Less water requirement .
• Less emissions
Types of Gas Turbine
Heavy Duty Industrial
• Large Machines of higher Capacity (up to 375 MW)
• Less efficient in open Cycle (32-40%)
Aero derivative
• Comparatively of Smaller Capacity.
• Adapted from Aircraft Gas Turbines(32-40%)
• Well Suited for Combined Cycle plants
Turbines
• Posses Higher Open Cycle Efficiency (around 44%)
• Capable of Quick Start Up& loading.
• Well suited for Peak load plants
Combined Cycle v/s Open Cycle
40
50
60
70
Eff
icie
ncy (
%)
Open Cycle
Aero derivative
• Although less efficient, open cycle
gas turbine plants are suitable for
regions with acute water scarcity.
• Best suited as peaking load plants
due to high load ramp up rate, low
cost of installation and expensive
0
10
20
30
40
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Capacity (MW)
Eff
icie
ncy (
%)
Open Cycle
Combined Cyclefuel
• Aero derivative Gas turbines have
good efficiency
• Combined cycle plants with air
cooled condenser can also be
thought for arid regions
• Conventional Combined cycle plants
can be installed where water
availability is not a problem
Fuels Generally employed in GT*
• Natural Gas /RLNG
• LPG
• Gasification fuel
• Process gases
• Light Fuel Oil
• Heavy Fuel Oil
• Crudes & Residual Oils
*Compatibility of fuel with particular GT model to be established with OEM
NTPC Experiencein Gas Power Plants
• Anta (3 GT + 1 ST) : 419.41 MW
• Auraiya (4 GT + 2 ST) : 663.36 MW
• Kawas (4 GT + 2 ST) : 656.20 MW
• Dadri (4 GT + 2 ST) : 829.39 MW
• Jhanor-Gandhar (3 GT + 1 ST) : 657.39 MW
• Kayamkulam (2 GT + 1 ST) : 359.58 MW
• Faridabad (2 GT + 1 ST) : 431.59 MW
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Solar Power
Solar
Power Solar Thermal[Generally used for Bulk
Power Generation]Solar Photovoltaic
[Generally used for Distributed
Power Generation]
Solar
Solar Thermal Technology OptionsLow Eff
~ 1%
Solar
Power Solar Thermal[Generally used for Bulk
Power Generation]Solar Photovoltaic
[Generally used for Distributed
Power Generation]
Solar
Solar Thermal Technology OptionsLow Eff
~ 1%Parabolic
Trough
Parabolic
DishHeliostat
Solar
Chimney
& Pond
Stand Alone /
Independent
Deployment
Hybridization /
Integration with
the existing Power
Cycle
Deployment Options
Parabolic
Trough
Parabolic
DishHeliostat
Solar
Chimney
& Pond
Stand Alone /
Independent
Deployment
Hybridization /
Integration with
the existing Power
Cycle
Deployment Options15 MW Solar Thermal
Power Project at Anta is in
Advanced stage of
Tendering.
NTPC is in the process of
executing various projects
up to 100 MW capacity.
Contents• Africa – A diverse Continent
• NTPC’s Expertise & Experience
• Thermal Generation Technologies
– Coal based technologies
• Super critical • Super critical
• Sub critical
– Gas/ Liquid Fuel based technologies
– Solar Thermal Technologies
– Other Clean Coal technologies
• Conclusion
Pollution Control Technologies
• High efficiency ESP capable of limiting particulate emission up to 50
mg/NM3
• Retrofitting ESPs for flue gas conditioning for pollution control
• Use of low NOx burners is being planned
• FGD for SOx reduction
– Presently Installed at Tata Power
– Planned at Bongaigaon
Ash Handling and UtilizationHigh level of Ash Utilization
• Dry ash handling plant at Dadri
• HCSD Disposal operational at Jhajjar and planned at many other
stations
• Large scale Ash Utilization in following areas
– Manufacture of portland pozzolona cement (ppc), sintered – Manufacture of portland pozzolona cement (ppc), sintered
aggregate, blocks etc.
– Manufacture of flyash bricks
– Sub-base formation for roads and embankments
– Reclamation of low lying area by filling ash
– Back filling in the open cast mines
– Application in agriculture
Conclusion
India has a variety of Efficient Thermal
Power and Green Technologies available for
partnership.
Critical Point
Pr = 225.56 kg/cm2
T = 374.15 Deg.C
538 Deg C
Supercritical
Supercritical Parameters
Entropy
Subcritical
6
8 4.3
3.6
5.2
8.0
6.5
3.2
Supercritical TechnologyApproximate Increase in Efficiency
0
2
4
6
300 246 169
538/538
538/566
566/566
566/593
600/610
Pressure (Bar)
1.7
2.5
3.3
1.8
2.8
3.6
0.5
1.1
2.7
Base case : 500 MW subcritical unit
Combined Cycle v/s Open Cycle
40
50
60
70
Efficiency (%)
Open Cycle
Aero derivative
0
10
20
30
40
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Capacity (MW)
Efficiency (%)
Open Cycle
Combined Cycle
FBC/CFBC Technology
• Fluidized Bed Combustion technology is a matured and
proven clean coal technology for power generation operative
up tp 300 MW size
• It is suitable for burning low grade high ash fuels
• AFBC technology offers advantage over conventional PC • AFBC technology offers advantage over conventional PC
technology in terms of lower SOx and NOx emissions but not
in terms of efficiency
• CFBC, with efficiency levels compatible with that of
conventional PC technologies is possible
• 2 x 145 TPH of CFBC based cogeneration plant was set up by
INDAL at Hirakud in 1992.
• Other CFBC units have also been set up and being successfully
operated by Tata chemicals, Indian Rayon, Birla Copper, Kanoria
Chemicals, etc. with fuels such as coal and/or lignite.
CFBC Technology : Indian Experience
• First major 250 MW (2 x 125 MW) CFBC based power plant has
been set up by GIPCL near Surat, Gujarat with lignite as a main fuel
in 1999.
• Similar lignite based CFBC Power Plant of 2 x 125 MW capacity is
under commissioning / operation at Akrimota, Gujarat.
• First 100% Petcoke based 25 MW CFBC boiler was commissioned
in 1999 at Rain Calcining , Vizag, Andhra Pradesh.