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7/29/2019 Technological ethics
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Basic Framework of Normative
Ethics
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Normative Ethics
Normative means something that
guides or controls
Aims to discover what should bethe moral standards that are
supported by the best reasons
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Normative Ethics
in Management
Deontological
TheoryTeleological
Theory
EthicalEgoism
UtilitarianPrinciple Kantianism
UniversalismDistributive
JusticeAltruism
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Teleological theory
Derived from Greek word telos means
end
Determine ethics of an act by looking to
the consequences of the decision (The
Ends) Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice are
based on teleological approach
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Ethical Egoism
An action is good if it produces result tomaximize persons self-interest at the expense
of others. It denies that a person should help others
when the person will get nothing out of it.
Enlightened egoism is enlightened self interestconsiders the long range perspective of otheror humanity on the whole.
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Utilitarian Principle
Utilitarian
principle
Universalism Consequentialism
Maximalism Hedonism
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Strengths & Weaknesses of
Teleological theory They provide a relatively precise and objective method
for moral decision making
They are in accord with much of our ordinary moralreasoning; An action would provide some benefit orinflict harm. This is morally relevant reason for oragainst performing it.
Some moral reasoning are non-teleological incharacter
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Deontological Theory Derived from greek word deon means duty This approach believes we have a duty not to
do bad
Bribery is wrong by its very nature regardless ofthe consequences
It is non-consequential theory
Determine the ethics of an act by looking atthe process of the decision (The means)
Kantianism is based on deontological approach
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Deontology vs Utilitarianism
Principle inherent in action Outside the action
Individuals are valuable in
themselves
Criticized because it makes
sacrifice, some people for
sake of others
According to deontologistsutilitarian go wrong when they fix
on happiness as the highest good.
They point out that happiness
cannot be the highest good forhumans
Concerned with total amountof happiness
Theory asserts that there are some
actions that are always wrong, no
matter what consequences
Right or wrong are
dependent on consequences
vary with the circumstances
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Kantianism- Immanuel Kant For Bentham it is Happiness, for Kant it is
goodwill
An action is morally right only if the person
performing it is motivated by a good will andvice-versa.
A goodwill means action done for reasons of
principle from a sense of duty, nothing else.
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Kantianism vs UtilitarianismDetails Kantianism Utilitarianism
Explicit and direct appeal to
consequences in
determining right or wrong
Absent yes
Motive for action Sole importance Incidental
Permit sacrifice of
individuals or minorities to
collective self interest
No Yes
Ethics of: Duty Welfare
Theory: Non Consequentialism(Deontological) Consequentialism
Formulations on: Sense of Duty, Categorical
imperative maxim
Utility, Maximise happiness,
Hedonism
Common good must have
priority over every thing else
Yes No
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Strengths of Deontological Theory
This theory makes more sense in cases
where consequences seem to be irrelevant
It is the way they account for the role of
motives in evaluating actions
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Weaknesses of Deontological theory
Failure to provide a plausible account of howour moral obligations and resolve problems ofmoral conflict
Rules in Rosss theory is plausible; No reason isprovided in accepting these rule
Rosss rules are open to ethnocentrism
There is no order of priority to guide in cases
where they conflict
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Virtue Ethics- Aristotle
It asks What kind of person should we be?
It does three things
It defines the concept of virtue
It must offer some list of virtues It offers some justification of that list
and explain how we define what arevirtues and vices
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Virtue Ethics
Emphasizes on role of individual traits
Virtue is defined as a character trait thatmanifests itself in habitual action
For Greeks virtue means Excellence
Virtue Ethics= Excellence of Human
Character
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Strengths
Help to resolve Ethical Dilemmas
It takes into account the importance
of relationships.
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Ethical Relativism
There is no universal set of principles bywhich to judge morality
Each society has its rules and it isinappropriate to compare ethical rules ofone society with that of another
Relativists thus rule out possibility ofdiscussion across societies on ethical issues.
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Thank You