Technological Developments Impacting Future … Developments Impacting Future Spectrum PolicyImpacting Future Spectrum Policy Law Seminars International Fifth Annual Conference on

Technological DevelopmentsImpacting Future Spectrum PolicyImpacting Future Spectrum Policy

Law Seminars InternationalFifth Annual Conference on Spectrum Management

September 18 & 19, 2008

Julius P KnappJulius P. KnappChief

Office of Engineering and TechnologyFederal Communications Commission

Note: The opinions in this presentation are those of the author and may not necessarily represent those of the Federal Communications Commission

Spectrum Management

Spectrum management is a mix of:– Public Policy– Engineering– Law– Economics– Diplomacy (International)

Presentation focuses on various technological developments and their

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technological developments and their impact on spectrum management

Law Seminars International | Spectrum Management | 09/18/08 in Arlington, VA

Considerable Spectrum Made Available for New Services

Broadband OverPower Lines

255 MHz for unlicensed inaddition to existing 300 MHz

3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz2 GHz0 GHz

Power Lines

800 MHz PublicSafety Rebanding

1 GHz

MSS/ATC

New BroadbandCommunicationsService

TV White Spacesaddition to existing 300 MHz

50 MHz forPublic Safety

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3 GHz 4 GHz 5 GHz 6 GHz2 GHz0 GHz

900 MHz PrivateRadio Flexibility

1 GHz90 MHz for AWS

New Licensed ServiceAt 3650 – 3700 MHz

75 MHz for IntelligentTransportation Services

Note: This chart is not all-inclusive

700 MHz: Commercial; Public/Private Public Safety;Broadband Open Access, etc.

Digital Television Transition

CHS CHS CHS CHSCHS.2-4

CHS.5-6

CHS 7-13

CHS14-69

Analog TVBecause digital TV is a more efficient technology, the same number ofstations can offer digital service in less spectrum than for analog service

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CHS.2-4

CHS.5-6

CHS 7-13

CHS14-51

CHS52-69New

Services

Digital TV DTV Act set firm deadlineFor transition: Feb 17, 2009


700 MHz Band PlanFor Commercial Services

A B C D E A B C C A D Public Public SafetySafety B C A D Public Public

SafetySafety B

WT Docket No. 06-150

CH. 52

CH. 53

CH. 54

CH. 55

CH. 56

CH. 57

CH. 58

CH. 59

CH. 60

CH. 61

CH. 62

CH. 63

CH. 64

CH. 65

CH. 66 CH. 67

CH. 68

CH. 69

698 704 710 716 722 728 734 740 746 752 758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806

Lower 700 MHz Band Upper 700 MHz Band(Channels 52-59) (Channels 60-69)Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type Licenses

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Block Frequencies Bandwidth Pairing Area Type LicensesA 698-704, 728-73412 MHz 2 x 6 MHz EA 176B 704-710, 734-74012 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734C 710-716, 740-74612 MHz 2 x 6 MHz CMA 734*D 716-722 6 MHz unpaired EAG 6*E 722-728 6 MHz unpaired EA 176C 746-757, 776-78722 MHz 2 x 11 MHz REAG 12D 758-763, 788-79310 MHz 2 x 5 MHz Nationwide 1**A 757-758, 787-7882 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52***B 775-776, 805-8062 MHz 2 x 1 MHz MEA 52****Blocks have been auctioned.**Block is associated with the 700 MHz Public/Private Partnership.

• ***Guard Bands blocks have been auctioned, but are being relocated.

700 MHz BandPlan for Public Safety Services

763 769 775 793 799 805

Commercial

Allocatio

Public Safety Allocation

Commercial Allocation

Public Safety Allocation

Broad- G Narrow- Broad- G Narrow-Allocation band B band band B band

CH. 62 CH. 63 CH. 64 CH. 65 CH. 66 CH. 67 CH. 68 CH. 69

758 764 770 776 782 788 794 800 806

The new rules also established a framework for a 700 MHz Public Safety/Private Partnership between the licensee for one of the commercial spectrum blocks and the licensee for the public safety

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commercial spectrum blocks and the licensee for the public safety broadband spectrum.

Further developments:– Auction was unsuccessful– Further rule making initiated– En Banc Hearing held in NYC– Further proposal contemplated with tentative final rules


Spectrum Reallocations For Advanced Wireless Services

Auction Bids for AWS 1: Approx. $ 14 B

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Reallocated 45 MHzFrom Federal Operations

Under Trust Fund Legislation

Reallocated 45 MHzFrom Non-Federal Operations

Under Emerging Technologies Policy

Recent Further Proposal AWS 2 & 3

DARS-WCSProceeding pending to address potential interference between the Wireless Communications Service (WCS) and the Digital Audio Radio Service (SDARS)

WCS seeks changes to technical rules to facilitate mobile broadband service

SDARs seeks technical rules to facilitate deployment of terrestrial repeaters

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2.5 GHz RebandingInstructional Television Fixed Service and Multi-Point Distribution Service

were reconfigured to create the new Educational Broadband Service and the Broadband Radio Service

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3650 MHz:A Hybrid Licensing Approach

FCC designated 3650 – 3700 MHz for nationwide, non-exclusive licensed operations:

Avoids licensing via auction– Avoids licensing via auction– No first-in-time right of interference protection

Licensees register fixed and base stations in public database

Licensees must cooperate in selection and use of frequencies to avoid harmful interference with other nearby licensees

Equipment must use a contention-based protocol (CBP):– Establishes rules by which each device is provided a reasonable opportunity

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Establishes rules by which each device is provided a reasonable opportunity to operate

– Defines the events that must occur when two or more devices attempt to simultaneously access the same channel

FCC has authorized equipment and issued more than 400 licenses

Industry developing CBP standards: 802.11y & 802.16h


Mobile Satellite ServiceAncillary Terrestrial Component

Satellite provides ubiquitous coverage, including rural areas

Terrestrial base

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Terrestrial baseStations providecoverage in areaswhere satellite signalsmay be weak

Expanding Use of the Upper Reaches of the Spectrum

Technology is making it possible for some applications to operate at higher frequenciesat higher frequencies

FCC allocated 70-80-90 GHz spectrum and adopted rules based on “licensing light”– Fixed pencil-thin beams carrying

Gigabits of data over relatively short distances(Line-of-Sight)

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– No auction – non mutually exclusive

– Relatively simple coordination

– “Green light” rapid coordination with federal government users


Medical Devices

FCC has initiated a rule making to expand g pspectrum for medical implant communications service

Proceeding includes Notice of Inquiry on

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yadditional spectrum requirements for medical devices

New Technologies ForMobile Wireless Service

The major “incumbent” technologies – GSM, CDMA, etc. - -have established evolutionary paths towards faster data yspeeds and an expanded array of services

The improvements make use of an array of technology advances in compression, modulation, smart antennas, etc.

All appear headed long term to use of OFDM

Fi d/M bil i i

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Fixed/Mobile services are converging

Implications: Continuing improvement in spectrum efficiency to the benefit of consumers & businesses


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Long Term Evolution (LTE)

Fourth generation mobile communications technology, essentially a wireless broadband Internet system with voice and other services built on toppPeak download rates of 326.4 Mbit/s for 4x4 antennas, 172.8 Mbit/s for 2x2 antennas for every 20 MHz of spectrum. Peak upload rates of 86.4 Mbit/s for every 20 MHz of spectrum At least 200 active users in every 5 MHz cell Sub-5ms latency for small IP packets Increased spectrum flexibility, with spectrum slices as small as 1 25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W CDMA

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as 1.25 MHz (and as large as 20 MHz) supported (W-CDMA requires 5 MHz slices)Optimal cell size of 5 km, 30 km sizes with reasonable performance, and up to 100 km cell sizes supported with acceptable performance Co-existence with legacy standards


WiMAXWiMAX: Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

WiMAX i ith IEEE 802 16WiMAX is synonymous with IEEE 802.16

IEEE 802.16 was initially developed as a standard for fixed broadband wireless access, first above, then below 11 GHz; extension of standard for mobile use is under development

Can operate on a licensed or unlicensed basis: FCC Rules Parts 22, 24, 27, 101, etc.

Licensed rules assure interference protection

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Licensed rules assure interference protection

Theoretically can operate in almost any spectrum, but industry is focused on several bands

WiMAXAn exciting new technology that was built from the ground up to becompatible with the Internet. Extremely versatile.

Business Business Access &Access &BackhaulBackhaul

HotspotHotspotBackhaulBackhaul

WiWi--Fi Distribution Fi Distribution Inside BuildingInside Building

Portable Devices

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WiWi--FiFiDirectly to Directly to

Indoor ModemIndoor ModemWiWi--Fi Distribution Fi Distribution

Inside BuildingInside Building


Trend Towards Combined Devices

Original cell phones operated in one service and frequency band 800 MHz

Personal Communications Service in mid-1990s brought us multi-band (800/1900 MHz) multi technology phones

Today cell phones are being combined with Wi-Fi and Bluetooth

800/1900 MHzCDMA/GSM

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Anticipate this trend will continue and expand, providing devices that are increasingly versatile

AWS?WiMAX?VoIP?UWB?

800/1900 MHzCDMA/GSMWi-FiBluetooth

Note: Networks themselves are evolving from homogeneous models to hybrid networks that draw on all the options in the tool box

Other DevelopmentsFemto-Cells

Distributed Antenna Systems

Femto-cell

Connects to cellularnetwork via the Internet

Cellular

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Signals are transmitted& received over the air

Signals are distributedthroughout the buildingvia amplifiers/antennas


Flexible Licensing:Secondary Markets

FCC has amended its rules to allow licensees to enter into spectrum leasing arrangements with other usersinto spectrum leasing arrangements with other users

Spectrum leasing is permitted in all exclusively licensed commercial wireless services– Licensees may lease any or all of their spectrum on a short-

term or long-term basis, up to the term of the license– Different procedures depending on how much control over the

spectrum is retained by the licensee

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spectrum is retained by the licensee– Public safety licensees may lease to other public safety and

critical infrastructure entities – Allows licensees to make spectrum available to others on a

“private commons” basis

Unlicensed Devices:Update on Wi-Fi

M t lit & C it

Business & home networking

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Metropolitan & Community Networks – WISPs

“Hot Spots” at coffee shops, hotels, airports, etc.


Ultra-Wideband (UWB)Rules adopted just a few years ago

Technology is still developing for commercial applications

Niche applications have continued to evolve: Ground penetrating radars, surveillance & security

t

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systems

Wireless USB & applications suitable for short-distance, fast data & low power consumption

Software Defined Radio (SDR)

Analogous to the leap from the typewriter &Analogous to the leap from the typewriter & calculator to the personal computer

Software

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Defined Radio

An SDR radio couldbecome any of these

simply by changing software

A personal computer can takethe place of other devices

simply by changing software


Cognitive RadioAt any given location and time, much of the spectrum is “unused”

A cognitive radio could potentially identify the “unused” spectrum and adapt itself to operate without causing harmful interference Radio finds the holes and sizes

itself to use themCognitiveOr Smart Radio

25Frequency

SpectrumUsers

Cognitive Radio Enabled Access to Additional Spectrum for Unlicensed Devices

• FCC made available an additional 255 MHz of spectrum for unlicensed devices based on cognitive radio technology

50 mW 250 mW 1 W

for unlicensed devices based on cognitive radio technology

250 mW

Device detects radarand moves to an unoccupied channel

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Indoor Use Only

5150 5250 5350 5725 5825Frequency (MHz)

5470

Existing Existing ExistingNew


Cognitive Radio As Potential Enablerfor Access to TV “White Spaces”

FCC First R&O and Further NPRM (ET Docket 02-380) adopted 10/12/06Permits fixed devices on certain TV channels after the DTV transition, explores a number of issues such as whether to permit personal/portable devices and makes proposals towards adopting final rulesSpectrum below 900 MHz is particularly well suited for penetrating buildings

Device has cognitive or sensing

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capability to identifyvacant channels

“White Spaces”Are channels left

vacant in each marketTransmits in

vacant channel

TV White Space Testing

Public Notice in January 2008 announced FCC Lab conducting further tests on

Adaptrumconducting further tests on TV White Space Devices

Four devices were tested: Adaptrum; I2R; Motorola and Philips

Lab tests and field tests

I2R

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Lab tests and field tests open to the public

Currently preparing report

Motorola

Philips


Broadband Over Power LinesHigh Voltage Medium Voltage Low Voltage

LV Distribution

~ MVolts ~ 1kVolts to 40 kVolts ~ 120/240 Volts

Power Line Interface Device Located In Home

Transformer

Access BPL

PowerGeneration

Plant Substation

RepeaterCoupler

Backhaul Point

(Gateway)

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AggregationPoint

Internet

BPL signals are extracted here & converted into/from traditional communication packets for appropriate communication direction

In some Access implementations,these physical links are replaced by wireless links

Low data rate, low power devices in unlicensed bands

Applications: Lighting controls; automatic meter reading;

http://www.z-wavealliance.orghttp://www.zigbee.org

wireless smoke detectors; HVAC control; blind, drapery & shade control; medical sensing & monitoring; universal remote control to a set-top box that includes home control; industrial and building automation

Employ mesh technology (each device is a relay point) to cover the entire home

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LightingHVAC Control

AccessControl Security

ApplianceControl Remote

Control


RF ID & Sensory Networks

Smart Labels(Barcodes)

Access ControlLibrary

Anti-Theft &Inventory

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ElectronicPassportsAnti-CounterfeitingTire Tag Inserts

Conclusion

Thank you!

[email protected]

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j @ g


Documents

Technological Developments Impacting Future … Developments Impacting Future Spectrum PolicyImpacting Future Spectrum Policy Law Seminars International Fifth Annual Conference on