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TECHNICAL MANUAL
07 / 2007
PROLOGUE
This Manual has been prepared for technicians, to offer a comprehensive information booklet, principally technical, as a guide to be consulted for daily use. We recommend that the instructions in this Manual be followed carefully, and we ask all Technicians to report back about any anomaly found during installation or maintenance, so that we can correct any difficulties that may arise. Technical Services Department always welcomes observations and suggestions, with the intention of the constantly improving the quality of our products and services to the customer.
TECHNICAL STANDARDS
Coffee machines comply with standards set out by the Ministry of Industry and Energy of Spain, according to ITC certificate MIE AG-11 of the regulations for Pressure Appliances and ITC MIE AG-11 regulations for Gas-fueled Appliances, duly certified as corresponding to official standards of the European Community.
WARNING: The espresso coffee machine incorporates a high-temperature pressure boiler. This may only be serviced by qualified technicians.
GUARANTEE
Only Authorised Technical Service, can give service under guarantee. Only genuine spare parts may be used to for the machine's proper repair and durability.
The GUARANTEE includes only the free replacement of defective parts. In no case will the entire machine be replaced.
The following are excluded from the GUARANTEE: normal wear and tear; glass, rubber and plastic components; electrical components which may cause imperfections or affect the function of other components through variations in the power supply.
The Technician must send all defective parts which have been replaced to S.A.T. together with the worksheet setting out said parts and reference numbers, and details of the machine under guarantee (no., date of installation, date of repair) WARNING: Failure to send the registration GUARANTEE card to S.A.T. will invalidate
the general conditions thereof.
PROLOGUE
1
Date July 2007
* INSTALLATION
Before installing the machine:
- Make sure that electricity and water supplies are properly installed, in compliance with current regulations in the country of installation.
- Check that the electric voltage and current match the specification plate of the machine.
- Check that the electrical circuit is properly grounded.
- No responsibility will be accepted by the manufacturer in case of non- compliance with these
standards.
TRANSPORT
Espresso Coffee Machines leave the factory carefully packed, to the most exacting standards; however, occasionally, poor handling in transit can cause some slight damage, so it is VERY IMPORTANT to remember:
- Delivery of the goods is the responsibility of the carrier. If there is any damage, it must
be claimed from the carrier, retaining the packaging for inspection.
- Make sure that on delivery the goods are still properly packed.
- If damage should appear on unpacking the goods, a claim should be made to the carrier in writing, requesting an inspection of the damage, within 15 days of receipt.
- Always claim promptly.
- DO NOT return the damaged goods to S.A.T. without previous advice.
INSTALLATION Date July 2007
2
1. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
2. PRESENTATION & RANGE OF MODELS
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
4. BODYWORK
5. FLOW GROUPS
6. WATER HEATER & CIRCULATION SYSTEM
7. HEATING & CONTROL SYSTEMS
8. WORKING PRINCIPLES
9. INSTALLATION
10. WATER SOFTENER
11. ELECTRIC WATER PUMP
12. WATER PRESSURE REDUCER
13. DAILY CARE AND MAINTENANCE
14. MALFUNCTIONS & POSSIBLE CAUSES
15. ELECTRIC CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS
INDEX
3
Date July 2007
1 Top-cup warner 11 Filter holder2 Cup-warner tray 12 Coffee group switch3 Rear plate 13 Water supply control knol
14 Boiler water level indicator15 Hot water outlet16 Pressure gauge17 Water faucet service18 Coffee group control panel
9 22 Gas lighter10 Upper tray 23 Gas tap
24 Flame inspection window
4 Steam faucet service5 Lateral6 Steam outlet7 Pilot light8 Main switch
Draining tray
1-, GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS
4
2224
16 14
23
4
12
17
15
13
57
6
714
8
12
3
91011
ON
A
A
A
18
Figure 1
Figure 2
R
(According to model)
2. PRESENTATION & RANGE OF MODELS
The Standard coffee machine is compact in shape and very practical, the casing is of stainless steel with aluminium alloy side panels. The traditional advantages of the well-known "Ariete" have been maintained, with increased service and reliability, with efficiency and simplicity.
Automatic filling system, The boiler is filled automatically by an electronic level control device. When the water in the boiler ceases to be in contact with the stainless steel probe, the electro-valve and pressure pump relays are activated, and the boiler is filled, even when there is no water main pressure or water is supplied from a container.
Manual filling system The machine has a little manual valve situated inside. If needed, remove the drain tray to access (Fig. 3)
Outer tap of manual charge (See.4 pos.1) In semiautomatic coffee machines without automatic filling system, are provided with a water inlet tap, acting on the pulser (1) we opened the tap, which assures the entrance water in the boiler
The working pressure of the heater, and of the pump, is monitored by means of a double scale pressure gauge.
Hot water and steam are obtained by special outlet pipes, controlled by separate taps
The group head is heated by the traditional Ariete system, using a thermo-siphon to keep the group thermo-regulated at a constant and uniform temperature.
Water is heated in the boiler by a double element, controlled by a pressure switch, maintaining the water at uniform temperature.
The heat exchangers, which pass transversely through the boiler and which supply the group heads, are protected from excess pressure in the thermo-siphon circuit by an relief valve.
The machine is also provided with a check valve to prevent the backflow of hot water to the water network.
PRESENTACION & RANGE OF MODELS JULY 2001
Figure 3
Date
July 2007
5
OFF
ON
2.1 SEMI-AUTOMATIC MACHINE (ELECTRIC GROUP) (Fig. 1)
The is a semi-automatic coffee machine with a manual dosage system, controlled by switch.
The group heads are actioned by a solenoid valve.
The action of the manual dosification switch connects the solenoid valve of each group giving a continuous flow until the position of the switch is changed.
2.2 AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC MACHINE (Fig.2)
The electronic is an automatic coffee machine with a patented electronic system of measured volume dosage. The group heads are actioned by a solenoid valve.
Simply by pressing a button, previously regulated to give a measured amount of water (from 0 to 500 cc.), the electronic system is started. The Central Unit (C.U.), through two independent relays, starts the solenoid valve of the group and the electronic pressure pump. At this moment the infusion of coffee begins so that, when this is finished, the espresso coffee is dispensed.
The meter passes information on the volume of water passing through it to the C.U.; when this coincides with the amount programmed by the button panel, the C.U. automatically disconnects the solenoid valve and pump relays, and the coffee flow ceases.
Four different doses of coffee can be selected in each group, with the possibility of cancelling or changing the selection by pressing another button. For details concerning programming dosification please refer to section 8, Working Principles later in this guide.
A continuous flow button is also provided in the control panel, the flow continues until this button is pressed again.
3. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
Model STANDARD SEMIAUT. – ELCTRONIC GENOVA COMPACT XL Number of groups 1 Gr. 2 Gr. 2 Gr. 2 GR 2 Gr. Widht 58 cm 74 cm. 74 cm. 58 cm. 58 cm. Height 42 cm 47 cm. Depth 52 cm Weight 45 Kg. 54 Kg. 49 Kg. 49 Kg. 50 Kg. Water supply 3/8” Gas
Single-phase 230V. 50/60Hz 230V. 50/60Hz 230V. 50/60Hz
Three-phase 230V. 50/60Hz 230V. 50/60Hz
Power Supply
Trif. phase + Neutre 380V. 50/60Hz 380V. 50/60Hz
Wattage 3.000 W. 2.600 W. 2.600 W. 3.000 W. 3.000 W. Boiler capacity 8 Lts. 13 Lts. 13 Lts. 8 Lts. 8 Lts.
MACHINES FILTED FOR THE USE OF GAS
HEATING CAPACITY Kcal/h per burner
No.groups
CONSUMPTION Nm3 /h Per no. groups
m-m.c.d.a working pressure GAS
1 Gr. 2Gr. 1 GR. 2 Gr. Butane /propane 820 1.890 0,039 0,075 280/270 Natural 990 1.890 0,274 0,209 180
PRESENTATION & RANGE OF MODELS
6
Date July 2007
Date July 2007
7
BODYWORK
1
5. ELECTROVALVE GROUP (Fig. 6)
In this group the infusion, coffee flow and discharge of the pressure accumulated in the filter holder are carried out by the action of the solenoid valve (9).When the coil (10) of this solenoid valve is electrically activated, it displaces the plunger (8), closing the discharge valve (2) and opening the flow valve (7), which allows water to pass towards the diffuser (4) through the sprinkler (3). At this point the slow heating of the coffee (infusion) begins. The infusion time (between 5 and 7 seconds) is determined by the aperture of the injector (6).
A bubbling effect is produced by the interchange of the air in the bubble which forms in the chamber (5) with the water which gradually increases its pressure on the bubble. The resulting mixture of air and water progresses to the coffee, previously moistened by the infusion. When the electrical supply to the coil (10) ceases, the plunger (8) returns to its rest position through the action of the built-in spring. The coffee flow then stops and the pressure in the filter holder is discharged through the discharge valve (2). The atomizer (1) directs the discharge water to the drain, so that it does not splash the exterior.
Date
July 2007 FLOW GROUPS
Figure 6
8
6. BOILER AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
6.1 BOILER
The boiler is constructed of 1.5 mm. copper plate, and normally works at a pressure of between 0.7 and 1.0 bar.
6.2 SAFETY VALVE
The safety valves prevent the boiler pressure from exceeding the set limits.
The safety valve discharges steam when the pressure in the boiler exceeds 1.65 bar.
VERY IMPORTANT: In accordance with current legislation, and as stipulated in the Regulations for Pressure Appliances and the corresponding ITC referring to the rapid preparation of coffee MIE AP-14, the safety valve bears a seal carrying the name of the manufacturer and any manipulation of it is prohibited.
6.3 COMPENSATION VALVE
This valve prevents loss of pressure in the boiler, and avoids the presence of air when heating begins.
6.4 PRESSURE GAUGE
This has a double scale one scale of 0 to 2,5 bar. gives the steam pressure in the boiler and the other from 0 to 16 bar. gives the electric pump pressure.
6.5 WATER LEVEL SIGHT GAUGE
Shows the boiler water level, which must always be maintained between the limits marked on the front panel of the machine.
6.6 CHECK VALVE
This prevents a back-flow into the water mains, from the boiler or from the heat exchangers, in the event of the water mains pressure being low.
6.7 RELIEF VALVE
Ensures that excessive pressure is not created in the separate circuit of the thermo-siphon, due to expansion produced by the reheating of the water. It operates at a pressure of approximately 10-11 bar. and discharges directly into the drain tank.
Figure 7 Adjustment of the expansion valve (Fig. 7): - The expansion valve must open at about 10-11 bar. - If the valve opens at a lower pressure, it could open during the flow period. - If the valve opens at a higher pressure, this could cause rapid wear of the flow valve seal. - To adjust the pressure until the correct value of 10-11 bar. is obtained, tighten or slacken
the tension spring (R), as desired, to increase or lower pressure.
Date
July 2007 BOILER AND HYDRAULIC SYSTEM
9
Button
7. HEATING AND CONTROL SYSTEMS
7.1 AUTOMATIC AND SEMIAUTOMATIC MACHINES 7.1.1 HEATING ELEMENT
The heating element is a nickel-chrome spiral, insulated and housed in a copper casing. Function: Placed longitudinally in the boiler and controlled by the pressure-switch, it keeps water at the required temperature automatically.
7.1.2 GAS BURNER (in the gas-fired models) Situated under the boiler for heating water. Controlled by the gas modulator pressure-switch, to keep water at the required temperature.
7.1.3 SAFETY THERMOSTAT (Fig. 8)
Connected in series with the pressure-switch, it protects the heating element when the water level into the boiler is lower, and the heating element is not covered. To rearm the thermostat, push in the red button once the heating element has been covered with water
7.1.4 PRESSURE-SWITCH
Automatically controls and regulates the steam pressure in the boiler, acting on the heater. Adjustment of the pressure-switch (Fig.9), starting with the machine cold and without pressure:
a) Once the coffee machine is connected electrically and hidraulically, turn
the switch on to position 2 ; the automatic filling system will start to work until the boiler reaches the required level of water.
b) Turn switch on to position (1) just after of this moment the heater is connected and the water in the boiler will start to heat. Wait until the pressure gauge needle reaches the required value (1 bar)
c) For gas machines, when the pressure reaches 0,2 bar, lower than the trip pressure normally 1 bar, turn off the gas to leave only the electric element working.
d) 1. If the pressure-switch is correctly adjusted it will disconnect the electric heater when the pressure gauge needle reaches the required value, (1 bar)
2. If disconnection occurs at a lower value than is required, tighten the adjusting nut (A) slowly until the pressure-switch disconnects at the correct level.
3. If the pressure-switch disconnects at a higher value than required, discharge the boiler pressure partially. Loosen the adjustment nut (A) slowly, and check that the heater is disconnected when the pressure gauge marks the value desired. Continue the adjustments until the correct value is obtained.
Figure 8
A
Date
July 2007 HEATING & CONTROL SYSTEMS
10
Figure 9
7.5 GAS MODULATOR PRESSURE-SWITCH (for gas-fired models)
Controls and regulates the vapour pressure in the boiler, increasing or decreasing the burner flame according to boiler pressure. The pressure variations act on a rubber membrane which operates the regulating valve. This opens and closes the main supply. Tapped off the main gas supply is a minimum supply which allows a small amount of gas to circulate, even when the main is off.
NOTA: From time to time, tighten the minimum supply screw right down (2 or 3 full turns); this keeps the supply line clean, as it can become obstruted by deposits from the gas flow.
Adjustment of the gas modulator pressure-switch (Fig.10), starting with the machine cold and without pressure: a) Fill the boiler to minimum. b) Close the minimum gas supply screw (+) of the
modulator pressure-switch completely and open the milled trip adjuster screrw (*).
c) Switch on and light the gas.
d) When the pressure is at 0,2 bar, lower than is required to trip the switch normally 1 bar,
disconnect the electric heater, leaving the gas lit. e) 1º.- If the gas modulator pressure-switch is correctly adjusted, the gas flame will be
extinguished when the needle of the pressure gauge reaches the required value
2º.- If the gas flame is extinguished at a lower value, loosen the millet screw and relight the burner. Repeat this operation until the flame goes out when the pressure gauge reaches the correct level.
3º.- If the switch is tripped at too high a reading, the flame will go out at levels higher than
are required. Allow the pressure in the boiler to discharge, tighten the milled screw, and relight the burner.
f) Repeat the operation until the switch trips at the correct level. g) Now adjust the minimum screw.
1º.- Loosen the minimum flow screw and relight the burner.
2º.- Loosen the screw gradually until the flame is about 15 mm. above the level of the floor of the burner.
3º.- Check that the pressure gauge reading remains constant with this flame.
NOTE: Normally, in the case of a combined gas /electric machine, since gas is more convenient, the pressure-switch should be set at 0,8 bar, and the gas modulator pressure-switch at 1 bar
Date July 2007
11
Figure 10
HEATING & CONTROL SYSTEMS
8 WORKING PRINCIPLES 8.1 THERMO-SIPHON CIRCULATION (Fig.11)
The thermo-siphon circulation is made up of: 1. Heat exchanger pipe crossing the boiler (T). 2. Hot water entry pipe to group (N). 3. Circulation within the group (P). 4. Return from group to heat exchanger (R).
Each group has its own independent Thermo-siphon circuit, kept at the proper temperature
for making coffee.
Principle of the thermo-siphon circuit: 1. Water in the heat exchanger is heated by conduction by the water in the boiler. 2. The heated water, less dense, expands through the group, passing heat to it, and keeping
it thermo-regulated. 3. The water, having lost its heat, is cooler and more dense, returns by the return pipe (R),
maintaining the continuous circulation.
8.2. ELECTRONIC MODEL
8.2,1 COFFEE DOSING TOUCH BUTTON (Fig. 12a,12b,12c) (According to model)
This is formed by five push-buttons (A,B,C,D, and E) the buttons A,B,C, and D, correspond to the selection of four possible doses of water, button E is for continuous flow. To interrupt the flow (STOP), press any of the buttons (A,B,C,D, and E).
Date
July 2007
A C F
12
B D E
A B C D E F
Figura 12b
ON
A B C D E F
Figura 12a
Figura 12c
WORKING PRINCIPLES
Figure 11
8.2.2 AUTOMATIC FLOW
Press one of the four push-buttons (A,B,C, and D) for automatic flow or button (E) for continuous flow, according to the dosage required.
Once the group is activated, the infusion period begins, lasting 3 to 5 seconds, and then the brewing begins.
The flow terminates automatically in the case of the buttons A,B,C, or D. If the continuous flow button (E) has been pressed, this can be stopped by pressing any one of the five buttons. The automatic flow, using any of the four buttons (A,B,C,and D), can be stopped at will, by pressing any of the five buttons.
The machines leave the factory adjusted to give the following quantities, approximately: - Expresso coffee: 70 cc. water - Regular coffee: 85 cc. water - Two expresso coffees:115 cc. water - Two regular coffees: 130 cc. water
It has to be borne in mind that these amounts have been measured without any coffee in the filter holder; with coffee they are slightly less.
8.2.1 HOW TO ADJUST OR CHANGE THE COFFEE DOSE;
a) ENTER PROGRAMME MODE:
a1) Turn the main switch (8) to the “OFF” position ( See page 4 )
a2 Press the “continuous” button (A) on the left panel (18 ) and hold, simultaneously
turn the machine main power (8) to position (ON). Wait aprox. 5 sec. for the front panel to flash.
b) PROGRAMMING:
b1) Put coffee in the 1 cup coffee filter and insert it in the group head.
b2) Press the button for 1 short coffee (left keypad) and wait until the electrically
operated valve is activated, and release the button.
b3) Wait until the amount of coffee reaches the desired level in the cup and press the button again to stop.
NOTE: Adjust the other selections by following the same steps for 1 long black, 2 short blacks, and 2 long blacks, respectively.
C) EXIT FROM PROGRAMME MODE:
c1) Turn the main switch (8) “OFF” (position 0) and then “ON” (position 1) again.
Date July 2007
WORKING PRINCIPLES
02
1
02
1
MAIN SWITCH
13
02
1
8.3 SECURITY WARNINGS
8.3.1 DOSAGE IMPULSE ALARM
This alarm is activated if for any reason the impulses from the flowmeter are not registered by the Control Unit, or if there is an interval of more than 15 seconds between impulses. With the group in operation (the pilot light of A,B,C, or D on steadily), it will stop working and all four pilot lights will flash. The following should be checked: - Coffee too finely ground. - Possible obstruction to the coffee outlet (soiled diffuser, the group injector blocked,
etc.). - Flowmeter connections. - Group solenoid valve. - Solenoid-valve connections. - Flowmeter working. - Possible damage to the electric pump.
To eliminate the alarm indicators, press any button on the control panel of the group concerned; however, if the trouble persists, on pressing a programmed dosage, the alarm will appear again. The warning does not affect the working of continuous flow.
8.3.2 SAFETY LEVEL
The machine is fitted with an automatic level safety device, that is activated when for any reason the stainless steel probe has not detected water during a determinate time, the lights on all the keypads begin to flash. The machine will only operate by pressing the “continue” button. To cancel the alarm, switch the machine off and on again.
WARNING: It has to kept in mind that this warning will be activated, quite normally, on
filling the boiler from completely empty or with a very low water level (in the case of repairs or the starting up of a new machine)
Date
July 2007 WORKING PRINCIPLES
MAIN SWITCH
02
1
02
1
02
1
14
FUS.1
FU
S.2
118
109
76
54
2
1
GND
014
PU
MP
U. C
.
LEV
EL
02
03
01
04
05
06
07
08
09010
011
TRA
NS
FO
RM
ER
HO
TW
ATE
R
SE
T /
ON
GR
-1
GR
-2
GR
-3
GR
-4
FUS.3
CONNECTION TOBUTTON PANELS
8.4 CONTROL UNIT (C.U.)
8.4.1 CONTROL UNIT (ELECTRONIC AND SEMIAUTOMATIC) (Fig.13)
This component analyses and controls all the information which it receives from the panel of push buttons and the flowmeters, activating the various relays which operate the different solenoid valves and the electric pressure pump. The connections of the C.U., as shown in the diagram, are divided into two sets. On one side, the connections which are marked with numbers these are the supply power connections and outlets. On the other side, the connections marked with a number starting with zero are the input and output of the information circuits from the flowmeters, the electronic level control and electromechanical counter On the other side, there is a single connection for a flat 10 conductor cable which connects to the panels of push buttons.
KEY 1 Neutral 01 Ground /GND 2 Phase 02 Input flowmeter1 (O) or (OUT) 4 Solenoid valve GR-1 03 Supply flowmeter 1 5 Solenoid valve GR-2 04 Input flowmeter 2 (O) or (OUT)
6 Solenoid valve GR-3 05 Supply flowmeter 2 7 Solenoid valve GR-4 06 Input flowmeter 3 (O) u (OUT) 07 Supply flowmeter 3 9 Level solenoid valve 08 Input flowmeter 4 (O) u (OUT)
10 Motor pump 09 Supply flowmeter 4 010 Output (+) electromechanical counter Fus.1 Motor pump 011 Output (-) electromechanical counter
Fus.2 Solenoids valves and contactor 014 Connection to level probe Fus.3 Supply C.P.U.
Figure 13
Date July 2007
WORKING PRINCIPLES
15
8.5 PUSH BUTTON CONNECTIONS (Fig.14)
All the push button circuit plates are similar. They only need to be codified according to the place they occupy in relation to the groups. The numerical order of the groups (1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th ) is determined from left to right looking at the front of the machine.
1 2 3 4
Circuit plate
Connection for cable
Terminals in which the bridge should be placed according to
the group (*)
(* )
1 GR.st 2 GR.nd 3 GR.rd 4 GR.th
Back view with lid removed
Figure 14
Date July 2007 WORKING PRINCIPLES
16
9. INSTALLATION
9.1 PREPARATIONS FOR INSTALLATION (Fig. 15)
In the site selected for installation of the machine, the following must be provided: * 1-, Water waste pipe of internal diam. not less than 35 mm. * 2-, Water supply 3/8" pipe from stopcock to the decalcifier (Provided with the
machine) * 3-, Water stopcock 3/8" * 4-, Electric supply: earthen connection (4).The installation should be protected by a
magneto-thermic circuit breaker. *5-, Water 3/8” pipe from the decalcifier to the water pump (Provided with the
machine) For gas machines:
6 Gas supply pipe to coffee machine 7 Gas tap 8 Gas supply pipe
17
Date July 2007
Figure 15
INSTALLATION
7
1
6
8432
5
9.2.1 INSTALLATION OF THE COFFEE MACHINE
When the machine is unpacked, proceed as follows: 1.- Check that the incoming voltage is the same as on the specification plate and the
identification papers. 2.- Open the water stopcock (3) and allow water to flow, to see that it is not soiled. 3.- Connect the water softener to the water main network and open the upper tap of this
to clean it of the possible resin sediments. 4.- Place the machine on the work surface and connect the electric supply and water from
the lower tap of the softener to the inlet of the pump and place the drain pipe into the water waste pipe.
5 Operate the rapid regeneration programme of the water decalcifier. 6 While the regeneration is going on, fix the electrical connections. 7.- As the regeneration has been finished, Turn main switch º(8) on to position 2,(figure
16) the led ON/OFF will light up, as well as the water level led (See page 4) and the automatic filling system will begin to act until the water in the boiler reaches the normal level.
8.- For machines equipped for gas and to be installed for the use of this fuel, it must be kep in mind that the machines is prepared for the use of butane gas; if this is the type to be used, connect the machine to the supply.
In the case of usine another type of gas (natural or town gas), change the injector for one of a suitable type according to the following table, and for town gas fit the pressure regulator
BUTANE GAS NATURAL GAS
Gr Code ∅ mm. Code ∅mm.
1 08047706 0,50 08048100 0,80
2 08047805 0,75 08048209 1,15 9.- Set The main switch to position (1.) check the pump pressure is 9 bar 10.- Test the boiler working pressure to be around 1 bar. 11.- With the machine up to pressure, the first coffees may come out cold; do not vary the
settings. Operate the flow group controls so that hot water circulates through and the base temperature is reached.
12.- Adjust the degree of coffee grinding so that the coffee infusion time is 3 to 5 seconds. (Always test with two coffees).
13.- Check that all the joints are tight and the pipes do not leak; if the are loose, tighten the nuts.
14.- After testing, instruct the customer in the working of the machine. 15.- Fill in the documents and complete formalities for delivery to the customer.
18
Date July 2007
Figura 16
INSTALLATION
1
2
0
Main Switch Positions0 - Machine disconnected1 - Machine connected2 - Heater disconnected
13
8
7
10. WATER SOFTENER
It is always advisable, and in hard water areas essential, to fit a water softener. The stainless steel water softener contains cationic resin which removes calcium salts from the water; otherwise scale deposits will form in the boiler. It is fitted with a fibreglass filter which prevents solid particles from reaching the pump, the inside of the boiler and the coffee flow groups. The softener protects:
1) The boiler.
Short periods of working with hard water (not softened) are enough to reduce the efficiency of the boiler considerably. The scale deposits formed are completely eliminated by the action of the softener.
2) The flow group. Working with soft water gives better coffee, as the substances contained in the coffee can be drawn out more. On the other hand, scale deposits in the group block the passages, gradually reducing efficiency so that the coffee comes out less hot.
3) The volumetric pump. The filtering action of the softener avoids the entry of sand and other microscopic particles which are normally found in drinking water. These can damage the pump and impair its efficiency considerably.
WATER SOFTENER Date
July 2007
19
10.1 HOW THE SOFTENER WORKS
Without a softener, or if the softener is not cared for calcium and magnesium carbonates contained in the water are precipitated during boiling and form deposits and incrustations on the internal surfaces of the boiler, the heat exchangers and the groups. The cationic resin changes the calcium and magnesium carbonate in the water passing through the softener into sodium carbonate, a salt which does not precipitate and does not cause deposits or incrustations. The cationic resin imparts sodium ions to the water, taking from the water calcium and magnesium ions, until it is exhausted. The spent resin does not soften the water and it must be replaced with coarse salt (sodium chloride). The chlorine in the salt combines with the calcium and magnesium absorbed in the resin and forms calcium chloride and magnesium chloride, which are eliminated with the regeneration water. The liberated sodium remains on the resin and returns it to its initial active condition.
10.2 REGENERATION OF THE SOFTENER
The softener, installed with machines, transforms lime scale contained in water which produces scale deposits, into harmless substances. In order to do this, the cationic resin in the softener imparts particles to the water. After a certain period of time it is exhausted. Regeneration promptly carried out returns it to its original state. It is important not to forget to carry out the regeneration at regular intervals.
HOW TO REGENERATE THE SOFTENER
- Have some coarse salt (1 or 2 kg.) ready. - Place the drain pipe in a container of suitable size for two litres of water, put the upper
tap to position-2 - With water contained in the softener discharged, open the top and introduce 1or2 kg.
salt, according to whether it is a 1/S or 2/S. Clean the contacting parts carefully and replace the top.
- Attach a tube to the outflow and lead it to the drain. - Put the taps in position 3 and allow water to flow until it comes out soft and clear. - Return the taps to position 1.
NOTE: During the regeneration do not fill the boiler or operate the coffee groups
Position - 1 Position - 2 Position - 3 (UPPER TAP)
(LOWER TAP)
WATER SOFTENER Date
July 2007
20
Hard water to 20º French
SOFTENER TYPE
1S
2S
Up to 250 Regenerate monthly
Up to 600 Regenerate fortnightly Regenerate monthly
DAILY
COFFEES Up to 1200
Regenerate fortnightly Salt needed 1 Kg 2 Kg
REGENERATION Regeneration time 30 ' 50'
11. ELECTRIC PUMP
To gain access to the pump situated inside of the machine, remove the left side (see page 7) The pump raises the water main pressure to the level necessary for coffee flow (8-9 bar.)
It works automatically when the flow group is operated. It is made up of a stainless steel rotor which turns in an outer graphite ring which is eccentric with respect to the rotor. In the rotor are four 90o cavities, with four graphite blades fitted to them, which with the rotation of the rotor transport the water from the eccentric area of the intake chamber to the outflow, creating the needed pressure.
11.1 ADJUSTMENT OF THE PUMP (Fig. 17)
The pump works at 8-9 bar. With lower or higher pressures the coffee produced does not have the proper creamy quality (see faults and possible causes). Calibration of the pump is done by acting on the by-pass valve. Remove the blind nut (X) and turn the adjusting screw (*)clockwise to increase the pressure. Turning the adjusting screw anti-clockwise reduces pressure. When adjustment is finished, replace the washer and blind nut, tightening firmly so that air does not enter the pump.
12. PRESSURE REDUCER
This must be used when the water main pressure is more than 5 bar. Higher pressure could affect the working of the machine or cause damage to the water circulation. The pressure reducer is installed to the supply pipe, before the purifier. It automatically reduces the water main pressure so that the whole installation will work properly.
ELECTRIC PUMP & PRESSURE REDUCER
Date
July 2007
Figure 17
21
13. DAILY CARE AND MAINTENANCE
13.1 CLEANING
Every night, or at least once a day, you should: a) Rinse the filters and filter holders in hot water or, even better, put them into hot water
and leave them to soak through the night to dissolve the greasy deposits from the coffee.
b) The groups should be rinsed with the blind filter, partially coupled, and making several flows.
c) Clean the diffusers with a cloth or sponge.
Regularly: Clean the outside of the machine with a cloth dampened in clean water. Never use detergents or abrasives. The drain tray should be cleaned to remove the dregs of coffee that collect at the bottom, to avoid any fermentation which could cause disagreeable odours.
13.2 GENERAL INFORMATION FOR THE BETTER FUNCTIONING OF THE MACHINE
a) The coffee blend:
With regard to the selection of a blend of coffee, this is naturally affected by the preferences of the area. Bear in mind, in any case, that in general a blend with a high proportion of Central and South American coffees gives a coffee of soft and agreeable flavour. A blend with a high proportion of African, Arabian or Indonesian coffee gives a stronger flavour.
b) How to keep coffee beans:
Do not keep large quantities of roasted coffee beans; in any case, store coffee in a hermetically sealed container, away from the machine and in a dry place.
c) How to keep ground coffee:
1. Do not keep ground coffee in quantity. 2. Always use coffee freshly ground. Try to use what has been ground before closing
at night.
d) The coffee grinder: 1. Make sure that the blades of the grinder are cutting correctly. To check this, put a
little coffee in the palm of your hand, spreading it out, see that the proportion of finer to coarser grains is low.
2. Adjust the grinder if the thickness to the touch is very high. 3. If, after adjusting the grinding, the grain is still not satisfactory, change the
blades.
e) The cup-warmer tray: 1. Always keep the cup-warmer tray full of cups so as to serve the coffee hot, even
although it is not a busy time. 2. The cups should not be very thick, as these draw heat from the coffee.
3. Medium-sized cups improve the creaminess; on falling from the spout the coffee has just the right amount of turbulence, so that the cream rises easily to the surface.
4. It is advisable to keep spoons in hot water.
DAILY CARE AND MAINTENACE Date
July 2007
22
TROUBLESHOOTING Date
July 2007
23
14 .1 MALFUNTIONS AND POSSIBLE CAUSES ( Semiautomatic model )
MALFUNCTION
POSSIBLE CAUSE
OBSERVATIONS
Pump is noisy.
Pump faulty. Not enough water in the mains supply Blockage of water supply pipe.
Flow slow, coffee tastes burnt.
Pump wrongly set. Pump intake reduced.
Groups at rest. Continuous loss of cold water to the discharge cup.
Relief valve wrongly set or not working properly.
Groups at rest. Flow valve joint wears rapidly. Loss of water through discharge pipe. Coffee flow normal (Malfunction observed in all groups).
Relief valve set very high (over 10-11 bar.).
Flow slow. Coffee cold, tastes burnt. Cream very dark, with tendency to form pores.
Coffee ground too fine. Pump pressure low. Injector filter dirty, partially blocked.
Flow rapid, coffee insipid.
Pump badly set, valve by-pass blocked.
Group in operation. Loss of cold water to the discharge cup. Coffee insipid. Flow slow.
Relief valve not properly set (opening at less than 9 bar).
TROUBLESHOOTING Date
July 2007
24
14.2 (ELECTRONIC MODEL)
MALFUNCTION
POSSIBLE CAUSE
OBSERVATIONS
None of the groups works, in automatic dose or continuous, and the pilot lights remain off.
No electric current to the control unit Button panel cable disconnected. Control unit damaged.
Check that the control unit has current. Check the current in the control unit fuse.
One group does not work, in automatic or continuous, and no indicator light shows when button is pressed.
Button Push cable disconnected. Button Push damaged.
One group does not work in automatic, but does in continuous flow.
Button Push connector is disconnected. Button Push damaged.
TROUBLESHOOTING Date
July 2007
25
BGND
1
4
1
101
GND
2 3 4 5 6 7 98
14
9
1
EV N9
1
14 10 9 2 1
EV 1GR
13
2
7
4
3
13
0-1-2
b
a
c
d
2
1
3
4
GND
4
11
9 GND
7
2
h
e
8
5
230 V
N
R(F+N)
1
5
2GREV
2
10
2
1
5
1
2
1
2
10
1
10
1
2
10
10
ELECTRONIVEL AUTONIVELO ELETTRO. ELEC. SELF LEVEL NIVEAU ELECTRON. RESEEINIVEAUREGELCE
LEVEL SPRING
PRESSURE SWITCH
TERMIC CUT OUT
DOSE PUSH BUTTON
SOLENOID VALVE LEVEL
GROUP SOLENOID VALVE
ELECTROVALVULA NIVEL
ELECTROVALVULA GRUPO
(F) FASE
PILOTO
BOMBA
NEUTRO
INTERRUPTOR
PRESOSTATO
TERMOSTATO
RESISTENCIA
4
(N)
1
2
3
5
6
7
8
SONDA NIVEL
PULSADOR DOSIS
REGLETA
11
10
9
12
ELETTROVALV.NIVELLO
ELETTROV. GRUPPO
FASE
SPIA
POMPA
NEUTRO
INTERRUTTORE
PRESSOSTATO
TERMOSTATO
RESISTENZA
PHASE
NEUTRAL
SWITCH
PILOT
HEATER
PUMP
SONDA DI LIVELLO
PULSANTE SELEC.DOSE
ATACCO ELETTRICO REGLET
FULLSTANDSSONDE
PUMPE
PHASE
NULL LEITER
SCHALTER
DRUCKSCHALTER
TEMPERATURBEGRENZER
HEIZKORPER
TASTER-DOSIS
ELECT.VENTIL NIVEL
ANSCHLUSSLEISLEN
ELECT.VENTIL GROUPE
SIGNALISATER 0PTIQUE
CONDUCTOR NEUTRE
INTERRUPTEUR
PRESSOSTAT
PROTECTEUR THERMIQUE
RESISTANCE
ELECTROVANNE NIVEAU
ELECTROVANNE GROUPE
PHASE
POMPA
PILOT
SONDE NIVEAU
POUSSOIR DOSAGE
REGLETTE
13
SEGUN MODELOA SECONDO MODELLO ON MODEL JE NACH TYPSELON MODELE
14
FILTRO RC FILTRO RC FILTER RC FILTRE RC FILTER RC
CONDENSADOR CONDENSATORE CAPACITOR CONDENSATEUR KONDENSATOR
6
12
8
2
109
7
2
3
4
5
1
11
A
14
A
15. Semiautomatic
T
26
12
ELECT.VENTIL GROUPEELECTROVANNE GROUPEGROUP SOLENOID VALVEELETTROV. GRUPPOELECTROVALVULA GRUPO
ANSCHLUSSLEISLENREGLETTEREGLETATACCO ELETTRICOREGLETA
9
ELECT.VENTIL NIVELELECTROVANNE NIVEAUSOLENOID VALVE LEVELELETTROVALV.LIVELLOELECTROVALVULA NIVEL8
7
TASTER-DOSISPOUSSOIR DOSAGEDOSE PUSH BUTTONPULSANTE SELEC.DOSEPULSADOR DOSIS
6
HEIZKORPERRESISTANCEHEATERRESISTENZARESISTENCIA5
TEMPERATURBEGRENZERPROTECTEUR THERMIQUETERMIC CUT OUTTERMOSTATOTERMOSTATO
4 DRUCKSCHALTERPRESSOSTATPRESSURE SWITCHPRESSOSTATOPRESOSTATO
3
2
SCHALTERINTERRUPTEURSWITCHINTERRUTTOREINTERRUPTOR1
NULL LEITERCONDUCTOR NEUTRENEUTRALNEUTRONEUTRO(N)
PHASEPHASEPHASEFASEFASE(F)
10
11
BOMBA POMPA PUMP POMPA PUMPE
UNIDAD ELECTRONICA CENTRALINA ELETTRICA COUNTER ELEC.UNITY UNITE ELECTRIQUE ELECTRON-EINHERT
CONTADOR VOLUMETRICO CONTAT.VOLUMETRICO VOLUMETRIC COUNTER COMPTEUR VOLUMETRIQ. VOLUM ZAHLER
13
PILOTO SPIA PILOT SIGNALISATER 0PTIQUE PILOT
SONDA NIVEL SONDA DI LIVELLO LEVEL SPRING SONDE NIVEAU FULLSTANDSSONDE
28.06.06
SELON MODELE JE NACH TYPON MODELSECONDO MODELLOA SEGUN MODELO
15.1 Electronic
T
27
LED BOILER WATER LEVEL
LED BOILER WATER LEVEL1 GR
2 GR
LED LIGHT
LED LIGHT
14
12
ELECT.VENTIL GROUPEELECTROVANNE GROUPEGROUP SOLENOID VALVEELETTROV. GRUPPOELECTROVALVULA GRUPO
ANSCHLUSSLEISLENREGLETTEREGLETATACCO ELETTRICOREGLETA
9
ELECT.VENTIL NIVELELECTROVANNE NIVEAUSOLENOID VALVE LEVELELETTROVALV.LIVELLOELECTROVALVULA NIVEL8
7
TASTER-DOSISPOUSSOIR DOSAGEDOSE PUSH BUTTONPULSANTE SELEC.DOSEPULSADOR DOSIS
6
HEIZKORPERRESISTANCEHEATERRESISTENZARESISTENCIA5
TEMPERATURBEGRENZERPROTECTEUR THERMIQUETERMIC CUT OUTTERMOSTATOTERMOSTATO
4 DRUCKSCHALTERPRESSOSTATPRESSURE SWITCHPRESSOSTATOPRESOSTATO
3
2
SCHALTERINTERRUPTEURSWITCHINTERRUTTOREINTERRUPTOR1
NULL LEITERCONDUCTOR NEUTRENEUTRALNEUTRONEUTRO(N)
PHASEPHASEPHASEFASEFASE(F)
10
11
BOMBA POMPA PUMP POMPA PUMPE
UNIDAD ELECTRONICA CENTRALINA ELETTRICA COUNTER ELEC.UNITY UNITE ELECTRIQUE ELECTRON-EINHERT
CONTADOR VOLUMETRICO CONTAT.VOLUMETRICO VOLUMETRIC COUNTER COMPTEUR VOLUMETRIQ. VOLUM ZAHLER
13
PILOTO SPIA PILOT SIGNALISATER 0PTIQUE PILOT
CONTADOR CAFES CONTACAFFE COFFEE COUNTER COMPTEUR DE CAFES KAFFEEZAHLER
A SEGUN MODELO SECONDO MODELLO JE NACH TYPSELON MODELEON MODEL
SONDA NIVEL SONDA DI LIVELLO LEVEL SPRING SONDE NIVEAU FULLSTANDSSONDE
18.07.05
14
6
12
3
2 2
4
1
7
5
8
13
10
A
A
A
11
1GR
CV 1 CV 2
B 1
03
GND
B 2
13
6
12
9
11
146
10
8
2 GND
1
2
7 3
13
12
7
2
EV
0-1-2
e
h
d
c
b
a
5
8
4
3
2
1
N
R
S
R
S
T
N
R
(3F+N)
400 V
(3F)
230 V
(F+N)
230 V
-+
EV N
B
EV 2GR
9
9
2
1
14
GND
GND
01
1
9
4
0 1 2 3 4 5
0
02 05+
-0
04
1
5
1
01
05
3 GR
4 GR0908
0706
1 GR
2 GR04
0302
14
RS232+-
98 10
7 6 5 4 2 12
01 -
+
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
+
+
-
-
14
4
15.2 COMPACT / XL
T
28
