Technical Speciﬁcation · 14 1. Air Permeability Standards EN 12207 239 15 2. Water Tightness Standards EN 12208 240 16 3. Wind Load Resistance Standards EN 12210 241 17 Weather

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ContentNo. Title Page1 Physical properties 221

2 1. Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys 2213 2. Dimensional Tolerances 2234 Metal Finishing 2275 1. Anodizing 2276 2. Powder Coating 2297 Gaskets 2318 1. Gasket and Rubber Sealant 2319 GSystems Performance Summary 236

10 1. Casement System – C40 23611 2. Sliding System – S40 23712 3. Curtain Wall System – CW50 23813 Weather Performance Tests (EN EUROPEAN NORMS) 23914 1. Air Permeability Standards EN 12207 23915 2. Water Tightness Standards EN 12208 24016 3. Wind Load Resistance Standards EN 12210 24117 Weather Performance Tests (ASTM AMERICAN NORMS) 24318 1. Air Inflation Standard ASTM E283-91 (99) 24319 2. Water Penetration Standard ASTM E331-96 (Static Pressure) 24420 3. Water Penetration Standard AAMA 501.1-94 (Dynamic Pressure) 24521 4. Wind Resistance Standard ASTM E330-96 (Serviceability & Safety) 24522 General Material Data & Useful Information 24623 1. Basic Charteristics of Aluminium Verses other Materials 24624 2. Thermal Expansion 24725 3. Contact with other metal 24826 4. Glass Specification 25027 5. Quick List – International Standards Respected by GSystems 251

Technical Specification

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1. Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys

products are extruded and produced to meet the following standards and customer specification.

1.1 EN 573-3:2003: Aluminum and aluminum alloys. Chemical composition and form of wrought products.

1.2 DIN EN 755-2:2008: Aluminium and aluminium alloys - Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles - Part 2: Mechanical properties.

1.2.1 This standard specifies the mechanical property limits resulting from tensile testing applicable to aluminium and aluminium alloy extruded rod/bar, tube and profile.

1.2.2 Technical conditions for inspection and delivery, including product and testing requirements, are specified in

DIN EN 755-1. Temper designations are defined in DIN EN 515.

1.2.3 The chemical composition limits for these materials are given in DIN EN 573-3.

1.3 B.S. 1474: 1972: Specification for wrought Aluminum and Aluminum alloys for general engineering purposes - bars, extruded round tube and sections which specifies the minimum aluminium thickness as 16 swg=1.6 mm.GSystems profiles have a nominal thickness that falls in between 1.6 to 2.2mm.

1.4 DIN EN 12020-2:2008: Dimensions and shapes tolerances are in accordance with DIN EN 12020-2:2008 which is applicable for high precision architectural section in 6063 alloy; T6-temper.

1.4.1 This is the European standard that specifies tolerances on dimensions and form of extruded precision profiles, in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 manufactured with and without a thermal barrier.

1.4.2 It applies to extruded products supplied without further surface treatment. Precision profiles covered in this

standard are distinguished from extruded profiles for general applications covered in BS EN 755-9 by the following characteristics:

1.4.2.1 They are mainly for architectural applications which meet more stringent requirements regarding the surface condition of visible surfaces with a maximum diameter of the circumscribing circle CD is 350 mm. They are made to closer tolerances on dimensions and form.

1.4.2.2 In the case of profiles, which, due to the complexity of their design, are difficult to manufacture and specify, then special agreements between supplier and purchaser may need to be reached.

1.4.2.3 The effect of the thermal barrier material on the dimensional tolerances is covered by this document although the actual thermal barrier material itself is not (see BS EN 14024).

1.4.2.4 BS EN 12020-2:2008 supersedes BS EN 12020-2:2001, which has been withdrawn.

1.5 Mechanical Properties

Minimum Ultimate Tensile Strength 195 N/mm2

0.2% Proof of Stress 160 N/mm2

Hardness (Brinell) 75 BHNElongation on 50 mm 8%Density 2.7 g/cm3

Melting Range 600-650 CModulus of Elasticity 70000 N/mm2

Physical propertiesTechnical Specification

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1.6 Alloy Composition

Alloy Code 6063.33 6063.42Element (wt%) Min/Max Min/Max% Silicon 0.42/0.47 0.37/0.43% Iron 0.16/0.22 0.16/0.22% Copper 0.02 0.02% Manganese 0.03 0.03/0.06% Magnesium 0.52/0.57 0.45/0.51% Chromium 0.03 0.01% Nickel 0.02 0.02% Zinc 0.02 0.01% Titanium 0.005/0.024 0.005/0.024

1.7 Tensile Strength (N/mm2)

Alloy Code6063.33 6063.42Min/Max Min/Max

Rod/Bar 195/215 195/215Tube 215 215Profile 195/215 195/215

1.8 Yield Strength (N/mm2)

Alloy Code6063.33 6063.42Min/Max Min/Max

Rod/Bar 160 160/170Tube 170 170Profile 160 160/170Elongation Min 6-8 6-8Brinell Hardness 70 70Webster Hardness 10 10

1.9 Aluminium Hardness

T4 Tempered Naturally Aged (soft extrusion) suitable for bending. Hardness = Brinell 46.T6 Temper Heat Solution Treated and Artificially Aged (harder extrusion). Hardness = Brinell 73.

Physical properties Cont.

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Physical properties Cont.2. Dimensional Tolerances:

2.1 BS EN 12020-2:2008 Aluminium and aluminium alloys. Extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063. Tolerances on dimensions and form.

2.2 BS EN 12020-2 is the European standard that specifies tolerances on dimensions and form of extruded precision profiles, in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063 manufactured with and without a thermal barrier. It applies to extruded products supplied without further surface treatment. Precision profiles covered in this standard are distinguished from extruded profiles for general applications covered in BS EN 755-9 by the following characteristics:

n They are mainly for architectural applications.n They meet more stringent requirements regarding the surface condition of visible surfaces.n The maximum diameter of the circumscribing circle CD is 350 mm.n They are made to closer tolerances on dimensions and form.

In the case of profiles which, due to the complexity of their design, are difficult to manufacture and specify, then special agreements between supplier and purchaser may need to be reached.

2.3 Tolerance of diameter or width

Diameter Width (d) Tolerance

p

p

d 2

d 3

d 1

d 4

w

h

t

th

w

Over (mm) Up to & Including (+/- mm)- 10 0.15

10 15 0.2015 30 0.2530 45 0.3045 60 0.4060 90 0.4590 120 0.60120 150 0.70150 180 0.90180 240 1.10240 300 1.40

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2.4 Tolerances of Thickness

For Solid Sections

Wall Thickness (t) Tolerance

p

p

d 2

d 3

d 1

d 4

w

h

t

th

w

Over (mm) Up to & Including (+/- mm)- 1.5 0.151.5 3.0 0.203.0 6.0 0.256.0 10.0 0.3010.0 15.0 0.4015.0 20.0 0.5020.0 30.0 0.6030.0 40.0 0.70

For hollow/semi hollow sections

Wall Thickness (t) Thickness for tolerance (+/- mm) for different width (w) of section (mm) p

p

d 2

d 3

d 1

d 4

w

h

t

th

w

Over (mm)

Up to & Including (mm)

Up to 75 Over 75 up to 130

Over 130 up to 250

- 1.5 0.20 0.25 -1.5 2.0 0.20 0.25 0.302.0 3.0 0.25 0.30 0.353.0 6.0 0.35 0.40 0.506.0 9.0 0.50 0.55 0.709.0 12.0 0.60 0.70 0.8512.0 15.0 0.70 0.80 1.0015.0 20.0 - 1.00 1.20


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2.5 Tolerance on Open End Dimensions

Width/Diameter (w)

Tolerance of Open End dimensions (p)Based on depth of opening (h)

Over (mm)

Up to & Including

(mm)

Up to & Including

18 mm deep (+/- mm)

Over 18 mm up to & including 30 mm deep

(+/- mm)

Over 30 mm up to & including

40 mm deep (+/- mm)


(+/- mm)


(+/- mm)

Over 80 mm deep

(+/- mm)

- 10 0.22 0.30 - - - -10 18 0.28 0.36 0.41 0.47 - -18 30 0.35 0.48 0.55 0.64 0.78 0.9130 40 0.43 0.56 0.63 0.72 0.86 0.9940 60 0.54 0.61 0.68 0.77 0.91 1.0460 80 0.59 0.66 0.73 0.82 0.96 1.0980 100 - 0.86 0.95 1.09 1.26 1.44100 - - 1.01 1.10 1.24 1.41 1.59

2.6 Tolerance of Flatness (Straightness in transverse direction)

Width (w) Flatness Tolerance (e)(Concavity/Convexity)

(+/- mm)

L300mm

w

e

S S 1

Over (mm) Up to and including (mm)

- 25 0.12525 50 0.2050 75 0.2575 90 0.4090 120 0.45120 150 0.55150 180 0.65180 210 0.70210 240 0.75

2.7 Tolerance of Straightness (in longitudinal direction)

L300mm

w

e

S S 1


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Sectional Length (L) – (mm)Up to3000

Up to4000

Up to5000

Up to6000

Over6000

Localized Kink of 300 mm

Straightness of tolerance (s) (+/- mm)

1.8 2.2 2.6 3.0 3.5 0.3

2.8 Tolerance of Angularity

Thickness of leg (t)Angularity Tolerance (θ)

(+/- degree)

t

d

θ

δ

Over (mm) Up to and including (mm)

- 1.60 2.01.60 5.00 1.55.00 - 1

2.9 Tolerance of Twist

Diameter of Circumscribing Circle (d)

Twist Tolerance (δ) per 300 mm

run

Twist Tolerance (δ) per length

t

d

θ

δ

Over (mm) Up to and including

degrees degrees

- 20 3 720 40 1 540 80 0.5 380 - 0.25 2

t

d

θ

δ

2.10 Tolerance on cut length of profiles

+/- 2.5 mm

2.11 Tolerance of Mass

The limit deviation for mass drive from the limits of size.


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profiles surface finishing follows the International global standards for the following categories:

1. AnodizingThe purpose of the anodizing process is to produce an aluminium oxide protective layer on the aluminium. This protective coating consists of two layers – a very thin but dense inner barrier layer and porous thick outer layer.

The produced aluminium oxide layer is extremely hard and wear resistant and possesses excellent corrosion resistant properties as well. This layer can, in turn, be coloured by depositing pigments or dyes in the pores.

Before the aluminium is anodised, dirt and grease as well as the natural oxide layer need to be removed from the surface. Profiles are anodised for natural silver colour or electro coloured for bronze, gold or other colours. After anodising the layer must be sealed. The pores are blocked to ensure the continued resistance of the profiles to handling, corrosive elements and weather.

Quality anodised finish surfaces follows a specific process standard parameters, which include sequence of stages, temperature of baths, immersion time of the load and current density of the anodising step.

Criteria Test StandardQuality of Sealing Scott Spot Test ISO 2143Quality of the Anodic Oxide Layer Nitric Acid Test ISO 2932Quality of Sealing Phospho – Chromic Test ISO 3210

Anodising process follows the below standards:

1.1 Anodising in accordance with DIN 17611.

1.2 EN 12373-1:1998: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys- Anodising Appearance and Colour – Part 1: Method for specifying decorative and protective coatings.

Metal Finishing

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1.3 EN ISO 2360:2003: Thickness of anodic layer using Instrument for Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic basis metal-measurement of coating thickness – Eddy current method.

1.4 QUALANOD: 2004 section 2.2.1: Specifying the Thickness of anodic layer.

1.5 EN 12373-4:1998: Sealing Test Standards (Dye Spot Test)- Aluminum and aluminium alloys-Anodizing-Part 4: Estimation of loss of absorptive power of anodic oxidation coatings after sealing by due test with prior Acid treatment.

1.6 EN 12373-7:2002: Sealing Test Standards (Weight Loss Test)- Aluminum and aluminium alloys-Anodizing-Part 7: Assessment of quality of sealed anodic oxidation coatings by measurement of the loss after immersion in phosphoric acid /chromic acid solution with prior acid treatment.

1.7 QUALANOD 2004 – Appendix IV: Abrasion Test for anodic oxidation coating using glass coating paper, Grade 00(240 grit) This test is performed for orders following Class 20 & 25 of QUALANOD (i.e. above 20m anodic thickness orders).

1.8 ISO 2135:1984: Aluminum and aluminium alloys anodizing – Accelerated test of light fastness of coloured anodic oxide coatings using artificial lights.

1.9 ISO 9227:1990: Acetic Acid Spray resistance Test – Corrosion Tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt Spray Test.

1.10 EN-12373-9:1998: Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Anodizing – Part 9: Measurements of wear resistance and wear index of anodic oxidation coatings using an abrasive wheel wear test apparatus.

Metal Finishing Cont.

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2. Powder CoatingPolyster Powder coating on aluminium extrusions offers an excellent protection and wide range of colour choice. Special polyesters resins, which have proven record of corrosion protection and resistance against UV radiation, are used along with binders and pigments.

The polyster powder is electrostatically sprayed on chemically cleaned and chromated surface of aluminium profile, and then thermally cured.

Both the process and product of powder coating used for G-System products, conform to local and international standards, such as QUALICOAT, DIN, BS, ASTM and ISO.

Powder coating process strictly follows the below standards:

2.1 Powder coated in accordance with B.S. 6496.

2.2 QUALICOAT 11th Edition – (Section 3.2.1): Surface Cleaning prior to chromating.

2.3 QUALICOAT: Pre-treatment procedures (conversion layers).

2.4 QUALICOAT 11th Edition – (Section 2.1): Appearance and colour – visual colour matching and surface assessment.

2.5 EN ISO 2360 & QUALICOAT 11th Edition (Section 2.3): Thickness of coating layer.

2.6 ISO 2813: Gloss Assessment Standards.

2.7 EN ISO 2409 & QUALICOAT 11th Edition (Section 2.18): Adhesion Tests.

2.8 EN ISO 2815: Hardness Tests.

2.9 EN ISO 1520, EN ISO 1519 & ASTM D 2794-93: Resistance to cracking.


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2.10 QUALICOAT 11th Edition (Section 2.11): Specified for Corrosion Resistance, resistance to boiling water and curing and chemical resistance.

2.11 ISO 9227-1990: Acetic Acid Spray resistance Test – Corrosion Tests in artificial atmospheres – Salt Spray Test.

2.12 EN ISO 11341-2005: Accelerated Weathering Resistance.

2.13 Decoration Addition (Wood Finish)

2.13.1 Authorised Applicators follows the QUALIDECO Standards for visual colour matching and surface assessment.

2.13.2 EN ISO 2360 and QUALIDECO Standards: Coating Thickness for Non-conductive coatings on non-magnetic basis metal-measurement of coating thickness – Eddy current method.

2.13.3 ISO 2813: Gloss assessment measures.

2.14 Quality Control Test

Products are inspected after curing for the following properties as per the highlighted standards

Criteria Standard Acceptable Values/ResultsGloss ISO 2813 Matt = 30 +/-5 Semi Gloss =

77 +/-7Glossy = 90 +/-10

Powder Film Thickness ISO 2360 60 - 120µ On Exposed SurfaceVisual / Surface Finish BS: 6496-1984 No Scratches, Blisters, Craters shall be visible from a

distance of about 1M.Adhesion (Cross Hatch) ISO 2409 No crosshatched squares should be removed when tape

is applied and pulled off.Cupping Test ISO 1520 No film cracking or detachment of coating.Impact Test ASTM D2794

5/8” BallNo film cracking or detachment of coating.

Drilling, Milling & Sawing Test

No Flaking of Coating


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1. Gasket and Rubber Sealant

1.1 EPDM Rubber Gaskets

EPDM rubber is the abbreviation of (Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (M-class) rubber) which can be defined as a type of synthetic rubber.

This element is classified as an elastomer, which is characterized by a wide range of applications. The E refers to Ethylene, P to Propylene, D to diene and M refers to its classification in ASTM standard D-1418. The “M” class includes rubbers having a saturated chain of the polymethylene type. The diene(s) currently used in the manufacture of EPDM rubbers are DCPD (dicyclopentadiene), ENB (ethylidene norbornene) and VNB (vinyl norbornene).

The ethylene content is around 45% to 75%. The higher the ethylene content the higher the loading possibilities of the polymer, better mixing and extrusion. Peroxide curing these polymers give a higher crosslink density compared with their amorphous counterpart.

The amorphous polymer is also excellent in processing. This is very much influenced by their molecular structure. The dienes, typically comprising between 2.5 wt% up to 12 wt% of the composition serve as crosslinks when curing with sulphur and resin, with peroxide cures the diene (or third monomer) functions as a coagent, which provide resistance to unwanted tackiness, creep or flow during end use.

Mechanical PropertiesHardness, Shore A 40 - 90Tensile Failure Stress, Ultimate 25 MPaDensity Can be compounded from 0.90 to > 2.00 gcm-3

Thermal PropertiesCTE, linear 68°F 875 µm m-1 °C-1

Maximum Service Temperature, Air 100-120 °CMinimum Service Temperature, Air -54 °CGlass Temperature -54 °C

1.2 ASTM D 2240: Standard Test Method for Rubber Property—Durometer Hardness

1.2.1 This test method covers twelve types of rubber hardness measurement devices known as durometers: Types A, B, C, D, DO, E, M, O, OO, OOO, OOO-S, and R. The procedure for determining indentation hardness of substances classified as thermoplastic elastomers, vulcanized (thermoset) rubber, elastomeric materials, cellular materials, gel-like materials, and some plastics is also described.

1.2.2 This test method is not equivalent to other indentation hardness methods and instrument types, specifically those described in Test Method D1415.

1.2.3 This test method is not applicable to the testing of coated fabrics.

1.2.4 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, or dimension shall have traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organizations parallel in nature.

Gaskets

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1.2.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated dimensions in SI are direct conversions from the U. S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.

1.2.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Significance and Use

This test method is based on the penetration of a specific type of indentor when forced into the material under specified conditions. The indentation hardness is inversely related to the penetration and is dependent on the elastic modulus and viscoelastic behavior of the material. The geometry of the indentor and the applied force influence the measurements such that no simple relationship exists between the measurements obtained with one type of durometer and those obtained with another type of durometer or other instruments used for measuring hardness. This test method is an empirical test intended primarily for control purposes. No simple relationship exists between indentation hardness determined by this test method and any fundamental property of the material tested. For specification purposes, it is recommended that Test Method D785 be used for materials other than those described in 1.2.1.

1.3 ASTM D412: Standard Test Methods for Vulcanized Rubber and Thermoplastic Elastomers-Tension

1.3.1 These test methods cover procedures used to evaluate the tensile (tension) properties of vulcanized thermoset rubbers and thermoplastic elastomers. These methods are not applicable to ebonite and similar hard, low elongation materials. The methods appear as follows:

1.3.1.1 Test Method A-Dumbbell and Straight Section Specimens.

1.3.1.2 Test Method B-Cut Ring Specimens.

Note These two different methods do not produce identical results.

1.3.2 The values stated in either SI or non-SI units shall be regarded separately as normative for this standard. The values in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore each system must be used independently, without combining values.


1.4 ASTM D573 - 04(2010) Standard Test Method for Rubber—Deterioration in an Air Oven

1.4.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the influence of elevated temperature on the physical properties of vulcanized rubber. The results of this test method may not give an exact correlation with service performance since performance conditions vary widely. This test method may, however, be used to evaluate rubber compounds on a laboratory comparison basis.

1.4.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

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1.4.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use


Rubber and rubber products must resist the deterioration of physical properties with time caused by oxidative and thermal aging. This test method provides a way to assess these performance characteristics of rubber, under certain accelerated conditions as specified.

1.5 ASTM D395 - 03(2008) Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property—Compression Set

1.5.1 These test methods cover the testing of rubber intended for use in applications in which the rubber will be subjected to compressive stresses in air or liquid media. They are applicable particularly to the rubber used in machinery mountings, vibration dampers, and seals. Two test methods are covered as follows:

1.5.1.1 Compression Set Under Constant Force in Air.

1.5.1.2 Compression Set Under Constant Deflection in Air.

1.5.2 The choice of test method is optional, but consideration should be given to the nature of the service for which correlation of test results may be sought. Unless otherwise stated in a detailed specification, Test Method B shall be used.

1.5.3 Test Method B is not suitable for vulcanized harder than 90 IRHD.

1.5.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.



Compression set tests are intended to measure the ability of rubber compounds to retain elastic properties after prolonged action of compressive stresses. The actual stressing service may involve the maintenance of a definite deflection, the constant application of a known force, or the rapidly repeated deformation and recovery resulting from intermittent compressive forces. Though the latter dynamic stressing, like the others, produces compression set, its effects as a whole are simulated more closely by compression flexing or hysteresis tests. Therefore, compression set tests are considered to be mainly applicable to service conditions involving static stresses. Tests are frequently conducted at elevated temperatures.

1.6 ASTM D2137 - 10 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Property-Brittleness Point of Flexible Polymers and Coated Fabrics

1.6.1 These test methods cover the determination of the lowest temperature at which rubber vulcanizates and rubber-coated fabrics will not exhibit fractures or coating cracks when subjected to specified impact conditions.

1.6.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

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These test methods cover the evaluation of rubber materials or fabrics coated therewith subjected to low-temperature flex with an impact under well-defined conditions of striker speed. The response is largely dependent on effects of low temperatures such as crystallization, incompatibility of plasticizer, or the inherent dynamic behavior of the material itself. Data obtained by these test methods may be used to predict the product behavior in applications where the conditions are similar to those specified in these test methods.

These test methods have been found useful for specification and development purposes but do not necessarily indicate the lowest temperature at which the material may be used.

1.7 ASTM D1149 - 07 Standard Test Methods for Rubber Deterioration-Cracking in an Ozone Controlled Environment

1.7.1 These test methods are used to estimate the effect of exposure, under surface tensile strain conditions, either dynamic or static, in an atmosphere containing specified levels of ozone concentration, expressed as partial pressure, on vulcanized rubber, rubber compounds, molded or extruded soft rubber, and other specified materials, or as may be determined empirically. The effect of naturally occurring sunlight or light from artificial sources is excluded.

1.7.2 Previously published ASTM documents Test Method D 518 and Test Methods D 3395 have been included in these test methods, D 1149, in 2007.

1.7.3 Test Method D 518 and Test Methods D 3395 have henceforth been withdrawn and superseded by Test Methods D 1149. When Test Methods D 1149 is cited, or otherwise referenced, a notation shall be included to this effect.

1.7.4 The specified conditions of exposure to ozone in the controlled environments are accelerated in comparison to outdoor exposure. These accelerated ozone test methods may not give results, which correlate with outdoor exposure tests or service performance.

1.7.5 All materials, instruments, or equipment used for the determination of mass, force, dimension, ozone concentration, partial pressure, temperature, velocity, and gas exchange rate shall have direct traceability to the National Institute for Standards and Technology, or other internationally recognized organization parallel in nature.

1.7.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. Many of the stated SI units are direct conversions from the U.S. Customary System to accommodate the instrumentation, practices, and procedures that existed prior to the Metric Conversion Act of 1975.

1.7.7 This standard involves hazardous materials, specifically ozone. It may also involve hazardous operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

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The significance of these test methods lies in the ability to differentiate between the degrees of ozone resistance under the limited and specified conditions of the accelerated tests. The degree of resistance being judged by the appearance and magnitude of the formation of cracks in the surface of the subject material.

In service, rubber materials deteriorate when exposed to ozone. It is imperative to have test methods in which simple, accelerated time/exposure, comparisons of the material’s ability to resist cracking caused by ozone exposure can be empirically evaluated. Such tests can be used for producer/consumer acceptance, referee purposes, research, and development.

These methods are not necessarily suited for use in purchase specifications as there may be no correlation with service performance as actual service conditions (outdoor exposure) vary widely due to geographic location and, therefore, may not yield repeatable or reproducible results.

General Physical Properties

Properties Specifications Testing StandardsHardness (Shore A) 70 + / - 5 ASTM D 2240Tensile Strength (MPa) 12.4 Min. ASTM D 412Elongation Break % 200 Min ASTM D 412Hardness Change % 0 to +10 ASTM D 573Tensile Change % 15 Max ASTM D 573Elongation Change % 40 Max ASTM D 573Compression Set-22 Hours @ 70° C 30% Max. ASTM D 395Low Temperature Flexibility Up to - 40° C ASTM D 2137Ozone Resistance 20% Stretch 40°C 100 PPM 96 Hrs No Cracks ASTM D 1149

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1. Casement System – C40

Type A. E. V. European Standards ES

TILT -AND-TURN

INWARD OPENING1 LEAF

INWARD OPENING2 LEAVESWINDOW

FRENCH DOOR

ITALIAN**

A*4.E9A.V*A5 EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

A*4.E9A.V*A5 EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

A*4.E9A.V*A4 EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

A*4.E8A.V*A3 EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

A*3.EE.VE EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

ACOUSTIC INSULATIONMeasured on 1 leaf tilt-and-turn window Dimension H 1400 mm X W 1450 mm

Glazing Acoustic reduction

Road Traffic Noise Pink NoiseCONTRASONOR (4/6/4)CONTRASONOR 33/16 (4/6/6)CONTRASONOR 38/23 (8/6/9)

29dB(A)32dB(A)36dB(A)

31dB(A)34dB(A)39dB(A)

* A: Air Tightness – E: Water Tightness – V: Wind Loading Resistance** Results are based on previous French standards equivalent to ES A*3.Exxx. VAExxxx

Performance Summary

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2. Sliding System – S40


BIRAIL 2 LEAVES**

A*3.E*2.V*E EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211

ACOUSTIC INSULATIONMeasured on 2 leaves Bi-rail Dimension H 1480 mm X W 1460 mm

Glazing Acoustic reduction

Road Traffic Noise Pink NoiseCONTRASONOR 33/16 (4/6/6) 30dB(A) 32dB(A)

* A: Air Tightness – E: Water Tightness – V: Wind Loading Resistance** Results are based on previous French standards equivalent to ES A*3.E4A. VAExxxx

Performance Summary Cont.

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3. Curtain Wall System – CW50


CONVENTIONAL CURTAIN WALL

2-SIDED STRUCTURAL CURTAIN WALL

4-SIDED STRUCTURALCURTAIN WALL

SKYLIGHT

A*3.EE.V*C2 EN 1026 – EN 1027 – EN 12211& French Standard NFP 20-501




ACOUSTIC INSULATIONMeasured on 1 Italian Opening Dimension H 3335 mm X W 3320 mm

Glazing Acoustic reductionRoad Traffic Noise Pink Noise

CONTRASONOR 35/20 CONTRASONOR 35/20

35dB(A)37dB(A)

33dB(A)40dB(A)

Tests were held in accordance with the standard XP P 28-004 dated June 1995.

3.1 Air Permeability

3.1.1 Test was carried out according to levels defined by the standard XP P25-004 up to 700Pa.

3.1.2 Opening Parts has been tested according to NFP 20-501.

3.1.3 Fixed parts testing respects the negative pressure and negative pressure Curves.

3.2 Water Tightness

3.2.1 Test was carried out according to levels defined by the standard XP P25-004 up to 500 Pa and continued to up to 700 Pa.

3.2.2 No water penetration has been recorded.

3.3 Wind Resistance

3.3.1 Test was carried out under a positive and negative pressure and under safety positive and negative pressure.

3.3.2 The Mock up sample was exposed to an increased wind pressure with consistent intervals up to 700 Pa.

3.3.3 For negative and positive safety pressure, the mock up was exposed to a pressure of 1225 Pa.

3.3.4 For negative and positive wind pressure, the mock up was exposed to a pressure of 1500 Pa.

Performance Summary Cont.

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is in compliance and tested for air permeability, water tightness, and wind load resistance according to the European Standards:

1. EN 12207 For Air Permibality Test

2. EN 12208 For Water Tightness Test

3. EN 12210 For Wind Load Resistance Test

The system weather proofing is provided through the EPDM gaskets with provision for pressure equalization drainage and the peripheral rebate gaskets which ensures the air and the water tightness and improves the acoustic insulations.

Surface treatment and finishing is done in accordance with international QUALANOD and EWAAEURAS Standards and the French NFA 91450 Standard for anodising. Powder coating conforms to QUALICOAT seal and/or British Standard BS6496.

1. Air Permeability Standards EN 12207

Windows and doors - Air permeability - DIN EN 1026, defines the conventional method to be used to determine the air permeability of completely assembled windows and doors of any material, when submitted to positive or negative test pressures.

This test method is designed to take account of conditions in use, when the window or door is installed in accordance with the manufacturer’s specification and the requirements of relevant European Standards and codes of practice. The document does not apply to the joints between the window or doorframe and the building construction.

Classification

Classifications are based on a comparison of the air permeability of the test specimen related to overall area recorded as m³/h.m² and the air permeability related to the length of the opening joint recorded as m³/h.m².

Test Type Classification Definition

Air Tightness

A*1 Air penetration/infiltration should be ≤ 62 m³/h.m² under a wind pressure ranging from 100 Pa up to 150 Pa.




Weather Preformance Tests (EN EUROPEAN NORMS)

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2. Water Tightness Standards EN 12208

Windows and doors – Water tightness - DIN EN 1027, defines the conventional method to be used to determine the Water tightness of completely assembled windows and doors, Leakage tests, Construction systems parts, Environmental testing.

Classification

Classifications are based on the results obtained after utilizing test method PrEN 1027 that determines the limit pressure Pmax that is applied to the specimen for a certain period of time beyond which water penetrates.Note: Method A is appropriate for fully exposed productsNote: Method B is appropriate for partially exposed products

Test PressurePmax in Pascals

Classification Water SprayingTime - MinutesTest Method A Test Method B

0 E1A E1B 1550 E2A E2B 20100 E3A E3B 25150 E4A E4B 30200 E5A E5B 35250 E6A E6B 40300 E7A E7B 45450 E8A - 50600 E9A - 55

>600 Exxx -

Above 500 Pa in steps of 150 Pa with duration of 5 minutes extra for each step.

Note:

Specimens that are watertight to test pressures ‘ 600 Pa for a minimum of 5 minutes shall be classified Exxx where Exxx is the maximum test pressure.

Weather Preformance Tests (EN EUROPEAN NORMS) Cont.

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3. Wind Load Resistance Standards EN 12210

Windows and doors – Wind load resistance - DIN EN 12211, defines the conventional method to be used to determine the resistance to wind load for completely assembled windows and doors of any materials when submitted to positive and negative test pressures.

This test method is designed to take account of conditions in use, when the window or door is installed in accordance with the manufactures specification and the requirements of relevant European Standards and codes of practice. This Standard does not apply to joints between the window or doorframe and the building construction. This Standard is not intended to evaluate strength of the glass.

Classification

Classifications take in to consideration the bending of the profiles under different loads and the increase in air permeability as determined by EN12207 due to successive wind loads.

Requirements

No visible failure when viewed by normal or corrected vision at a distance of 1m in natural light.

Classification Wind LoadRelative frontal deflection of the most deforming framing member under the corresponding wind load - Shall be < Than

V*A1 400 Pa

1/150

V*A2 800 PaV*A3 1200 PaV*A4 1600 PaV*A5 2000 PaV*AExxxx xxxx Pa


V*B1 400 Pa

1/200

V*B2 800 PaV*B3 1200 PaV*B4 1600 PaV*B5 2000 PaV*BExxxx xxxx Pa


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V*C1 400 Pa

1/300

V*C2 800 PaV*C3 1200 PaV*C4 1600 PaV*C5 2000 PaV*CExxxx xxxx Pa

n Experimental and Research Centre for Buildings and Public Works Studies – France.

n Technical and Scientific Centre for Building/ Construction for Buildings and Public Works Studies.


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In addition, other tests were conducted in accordance with the AAMA & ASTM organisation. The results were as follows:

Weather Performance Tests (ASTM AMERICAN NORMS)

1. Air Inflation Standard ASTM E283-91 (99)

1.1 This is the standard test method for determining the rate of air leakage through exterior windows, curtain Wall and doors under specified pressure differences across the specimen.

1.2 This test method provides a standard laboratory procedure for determining the air leakage rates of exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors under specified differential pressure conditions across the specimen. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen.

1.3 This laboratory procedure is applicable to exterior windows, curtain walls, and doors and is intended to measure only such leakage associated with the assembly and not the installation. The test method can be adapted for the latter purpose.

Note 1-Performing tests at non-ambient conditions or with a temperature differential across the specimen may affect the air leakage rate. This is not addressed by this test method.

1.4 This test method is intended for laboratory use. Persons interested in performing field air leakage tests on installed units should reference Method E783.

1.5 Persons using this procedure should be knowledgeable in the areas of fluid mechanics, instrumentation practices, and shall have a general understanding of fenestration products and components.

1.6 Throughout this test method, SI units are listed first in accordance with E-6 metric policy, and shall be considered the primary units. Non-SI units are provided in parenthesis.

1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

1.8 Referenced Documents: ASTM Standards E631 Terminology of Building Constructions E783 Test Method for Field Measurement of Air Leakage Through Installed Exterior Windows and Doors

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2. Water Penetration Standard ASTM E331-96 (Static Pressure)2.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air

to or exhausting air from the chamber at the rate required to maintain the test pressure difference across the specimen, while spraying water onto the outdoor face of the specimen at the required rate and observing any water penetration.

2.2 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior windows, curtain walls, skylights, and doors to water penetration when water is applied to the outdoor face and exposed edges simultaneously with a uniform static air pressure at the outdoor face higher than the pressure at the indoor face.

2.3 This test method is applicable to any curtain-wall area or to windows, skylights, or doors alone.

2.4 This test method addresses water penetration through a manufactured assembly. Water that penetrates the assembly, but does not result in a failure as defined herein, may have adverse effects on the performance of contained materials such as sealants and insulating or laminated glass. This test method does not address these issues.

2.5 The proper use of this test method requires knowledge of the principles of pressure measurement.

2.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound equivalents of SI units may be approximate.

2.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

Weather Preformance Tests (ASTM AMERICAN NORMS) Cont.

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Weather Preformance Tests (ASTM AMERICAN NORMS) Cont.3. Water Penetration Standard AAMA 501.1-94 (Dynamic Pressure)

4. Wind Resistance Standard ASTM E330-96 (Serviceability & Safety)

4.1 This test method consists of sealing the test specimen into or against one face of a test chamber, supplying air to or exhausting air from the chamber according to a specific test loading program, at the rate required to maintain the test pressure difference across the specimen, and observing, measuring and recording the deflection, deformation and nature of any distress or failures of the specimen.

4.2 This test method describes the determination of the structural performance of exterior windows, curtain walls and doors under uniform static air pressure differences, using a test chamber.

4.3 This test is applicable to curtain wall assemblies including, but not limited to, metal, glass, and masonry and stone components.

4.4 This test method is intended only for evaluating the structural performance associated with the specified test specification and not the structural performance of adjacent construction.

4.5 The proper use of this test method requires knowledge of the principles of pressure and deflection measurement.

4.6 This test method describes the apparatus and the procedure to be used for applying uniformly distributed test loads to a specimen.

Type Criteria American Standards

CONVENTIONAL CURTAIN WALL

2-SIDED STRUCTURAL CURTAIN WALL

4-SIDED STRUCTURALCURTAIN WALL

SKYLIGHT

Air infiltrationWater PenetrationWater PenetrationWind ResistanceWind ResistanceThermal CyclingCertified by

ASTM E283-91 (99)ASTM E331-96 (Static Pressure)AAMA 501.1-94 (Dynamic Pressure)ASTM E330-96 (Serviceability)ASTM E330-96 (Safety)AAMA 501.5-98/CWCGHD and Al Futtaim Bodycote.

All the above tests are verified and certified by:

n Tests were conducted by and Al Futtaim Bodycote.

n Other independent testing centres and facilities around the world.

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1. Basic Charteristics of Aluminium Verses other Material:

MATERIAL Module of Elasticity

Coefficientof Linear Expansion

Ultimate Tensile Strength

Yield Strength

Units (N/mm2 , GPa) (m/m.K°) (N/m2 , Mpa) (N/m2 , Mpa)

Symbol E α Su Sy

Aluminium 69 X 109 22.2 X 10-6 110 X 106 95 X 106

Steel 200 X 109 13.0 X 10-6 400 X 106 250 X 106

Stainless Steel - 302 17.3 X 10-6 860 X 106 502 X 106

Copper 16.6 X 10-6 220 X 106 70 X 106

Bronze 100 - 125 X 109 18.0 X 10-6

Glass 50 - 90 X 109 9.0 X 10-6 50 X 106

(compression)

Concrete 30 X 109 14.5 X 10-6 40 X 106 (compression)

Acrylic 3.2 X 109 81.0 X 10-6 70 X 106

ABS Plastics 2.3 X 109 73.8 X 10-6 40 X 106

Polystyrene 3 - 3.5 X 109 70.0 X 10-6 40 X 106

Carbon FiberReinforced Plastic 150 X 109

Marble 5.5 - 14.1 X 10-6 15 X 106

General Material Data & Useful Information

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2. Thermal Expansion:A linear expansion coefficient of a fixed unit is the expansion for the length unit for a temperature variation of 1 degree (expansion taken to the length unit). In this way the linear expansion coefficient of the glass is 9X10-6 between +20 °C and +220 °C and the aluminium coefficient is 23X10-6.

∆ In

temperature

K

Coefficients in mm by meterWood Frame Bricks Glass Steel Cement Aluminum PVC

Expansion Coefficients in mm by meter K4X10-6 5X10-6 9X10-6 12X10-6 14X10-6 23X10-6 70X10-6

100 0,40 0.5 0.9 1.2 1.4 2.3 7

95 0,38 0.48 0.85 1.14 1.33 2.19 6.65

90 0,36 0.45 0.81 1.08 1.26 2.07 6.3

85 0,34 0.42 0.77 1.02 1.19 1.96 5.95

80 0,32 0.4 0.72 0.96 1.12 1.84 5.6

75 0,30 038 0.68 0.9 1.05 1.73 5.25

70 0,28 0.35 0.63 0.84 0.98 1.61 4.9

65 0,26 0.33 0.58 0.78 0.91 1.5 4.55

60 0,24 0.3 0.54 0.72 0.84 1.38 4.2

55 0,22 0.28 0.49 0.66 0.77 1.27 3.85

50 0,20 0.25 0.45 0.6 0.7 1.15 3.5

45 0,18 0.23 0.41 0.54 0.63 1.03 3.15

40 0,16 0.2 0.36 0.48 0.56 0.92 2.8

35 0,14 0.18 0.32 0.42 0.49 0.81 4.45

30 0,12 0.15 0.27 0.36 0.42 0.69 2.1

25 0,10 0.12 0.23 0.3 0.35 0.58 1.75

20 0,08 0.1 0.18 0.24 0.28 0.46 1.4

General Material Data & Useful Information Cont.

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3. Contact with other metalBasically and electronic tension and an oxidation are the most electro-negative forces on different nature metal when combined together in a humid environment.Aluminum is electro-negative with most of the commonly used metals. The standard reduction potentials/electrode potential for these elements at 25°C are as follows:

Electrode E (Volt)Au +1.35Ag +0.80Cu +0.34H 0.00Pb -0.12Sn -0.14Ni -0.24Fe -0.44Cr -0.60Zn -0.76Al -1.67Mg -2.39Na -2.71Ca -2.87

3.1 Contact With Steel

According to STS 36, all metal objects and structures in contact with Aluminium structures are metalized (class Zn80) or galvanized (NBN 657) and are then covered with a first coat of zinc chrome. It is always recommended that aluminium and steel should not be in direct contact. Direct contact between steel and aluminium can lead with certain conditions to intermetalic corrosion.

3.2 Contact with Stainless Steel

The contact resistance between Aluminum and stainless steel is possible due to steel passivity. The contact with non-magnetic stainless steel, e.g. 18/8, has not caused any difficulties until now.

3.3 Contact with Copper

The contact with copper and its alloys (bronze, brass) is dangerous. It is absolutely necessary to separate these two metals.

3.4 Contact with Lead

Due to the high electro-positive characteristics of the Lead, which is higher than the Aluminum, no problems were observed during contact. Nevertheless, it is always recommended to foresee a minimum separation in between using a coat of zinc chrome for example.


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3.5 Contact with Wood

Most type of wood does not have any effect on Aluminium, except for those that produce acid (like Oaks and walnut tree), which can affect the metal incase of cleaning and in a humid atmosphere.

3.6 Contact with plaster and cement

Utilization of fresh plaster of cement in a humid environment has a superficial effect on the Aluminium. This can be represented in appearance of white spot after cleaning, even for anodized surfaces. These superficial spots do not have any effect on the mechanical properties of the metal. Composition based on oxichlorine-magnesium, like those used for floor covering, are very corrosive for metal. Any contact with such composition must be prevented.

3.7 Contact with other metal

In most applications, the synthetic materials do no have any effect on the aluminum. The normal putty based on lime and linseed oil for the windows causes no problems at all.


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4. Glass Specification The table below shows the limits of glazing thickness based on the the size of the glazing surface area. This table is for general guidance.

Glass Combination Air Gap Max Length Max Width Maximum Area3 + 3 6 mm 2.00 m 0.09 m 1.60 m2

4 + 4 6 mm8 mm10 mm12 mm

2.20 m2.20 m2.50 m2.50 m

1.10 m1.10 m1.30 m1.50 m

2.00 m2

2.00 m2

2.50 m2

3.00 m2

5 + 5 6 mm8 mm10 mm12 mm

2.50 m2.50 m3.00 m3.00 m

1.20 m1.20 m1.50 m1.70 m

2.50 m2

2.50 m2

3.00 m2

4.00 m2

6 + 6 6 mm8 mm10 mm12 mm

3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m3.00 m

1.20 m1.20 m1.70 m2.10 m

3.00 m2

3.00 m2

4.00 m2

4.50 m2

8 + 8 6 mm8 mm10 mm12 mm

4.00 m4.00 m4.00 m4.00 m

1.70 m1.70 m2.10 m2.40 m

4.00 m2

4.00 m2

5.00 m2

6.50 m2

10 + 10 6 mm8 mm10 mm12 mm

4.50 m4.50 m4.50 m4.50 m

2.10 m2.10 m2.40 m2.40 m

6.00 m2

6.00 m2

8.00 m2

10.00 m2

Note:

n Maximum Sizes for tempered glass is W 2800 X L 6000*n Maximum Sizes for laminated glass is W 2600 X L 5100*


*As per glazing suppliers in Bahrain, for other markets place consult your glazing suppliersApril 10, 2011252

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5. Quick List – International Standards Respected by GSystems

EN 573-3:2003 Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys. Chemical Composition and form of Wrought products.

DIN EN 755-1:1997 Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 1: Technical conditions for inspection and delivery - Products & Testing requirements.

DIN EN 755-2:2008 Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys. Extruded rod/bar, tube and profiles – Part 2: Mechanical Properties.

DIN EN 515:1993 Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys wrought products temper designations.

DIN EN 573-3:1995 Aluminium & Aluminium Alloys. Chemical Composition and form of wrought products limits.

B.S. 1474:1972 Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys. General engineering purposes for minimum profile thickness.

DIN EN 12020-2: 2008 Aluminium & Aluminium alloys extruded precision profiles in alloys EN AW-6060 and EN AW-6063- Part 2. Tolerances on dimensions and forms.

BS 3987: 1991 British Standard Specification for: Application of Powder to Aluminum for Architectural Purpose.

BS 6496: 1984 British Standard Specification for: Application of Powder to Aluminum for Architectural Purpose.

QUALICOAT QUALICOAT Specifications for a quality label, for Powder Coating on Aluminium for Architectural Applications 11th Edition.

QUALANOD QUALANOD Specifications for a quality label, for Anodic Oxide Coating on wrought aluminium for Architectural Applications, October 1999.

QUALIDECO QUALIDECO Specifications for a quality label, for Wood Finish Coating on Aluminium for Architectural Applications.


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G Systems P. O. Box: 10299Manama - Kingdom of Bahrain

T +973 1759 0589F +973 1759 1589

[email protected]