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Western Wind and Solar Integration Study: Scenarios and Data Inputs. Technical Review Committee Meeting May 16, 2011 Debra Lew National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, Colorado USA. Agenda. Status update Scenarios Data refinements. Status. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC
Technical Review Committee Meeting May 16, 2011
Debra Lew
National Renewable Energy LaboratoryGolden, Colorado USA
Western Wind and Solar Integration Study:
Scenarios and Data Inputs
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 2
Agenda
• Status update• Scenarios• Data refinements
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 3
Status
• Contracts underway or being processed with Wind Wear, and Intertek/APTECH (cost shared with WECC)
• GE contract being scoped• DOE approval of wind/solar scenarios• Plexos model up and running• WECC 2020 database completed and being tested
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 4
Scenarios
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 5
Proposed Scenarios
Penetration by Energy
High Wind Intermediate High Solar
11% WECC TEPPC 20208% wind3% solar
22%
33% 25% wind8% solar
16.5% wind16.5% solar
8% wind25% solar
Use NREL ReEDS model to expand generation fleet subject to geographical and electric power system constraints (and select regional distribution)
Solar consists of 40% CSP and 60% PVCSP has 10 hours of storage
*note that related side sensitivity analyses in FY12 may include Plexos runs of various penetrations of solar with various PV/CSP ratios
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
High wind (25% wind, 4.8% PV, 3.2% CSP)
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Intermediate (16.5% wind, 9.9% PV, 6.6% CSP)
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
High solar (8% wind, 15% PV, 10% CSP)
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Scenario Development Tasks
• Select locations of wind and solar sites based on capacity factor and proximity to transmission
• Map sites to HV buses• Run unconstrained and constrained transmission cases
in Plexos• Develop transmission expansion plan to accommodate
33% wind/solar• Run a final iteration in Plexos to determine if
transmission expansion is adequate
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 10
Transmission zones
• Run zonally initially. Nodal runs at a later date for deeper dives.
• Propose to use these 20 TEPPC zones. Aiming at more rather than less zones to better approximate actual current operations.
• Commit and dispatch within each zone with hurdle rates between zones to allow for interzone transfers.
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 11
Data Refinements
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 12
Wind “Actuals” Dataset3TIER Western Wind Resources Dataset• Increased variability at 3-day seams – was not found to be a problem with hourly
MAPS simulations in WWSIS1. Every 3rd day was removed from statistical analysis in WWSIS1. We will use this for hourly Plexos simulations for WWSIS2. Subhourly analysis will have to be evaluated to see if seams create problems.
• Capacity factors differ from measurements in some areas, eg CO – Impact will be on geographic diversity because more sites will be needed to get at the same energy penetration. This is not deemed to have significant impact.
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 13
Wind Forecast Dataset
x < -4500-4500 <= x < -4000-4000 <= x < -3500-3500 <= x < -3000-3000 <= x < -2500-2500 <= x < -2000-2000 <= x < -1500-1500 <= x < -1000-1000 <= x < -500-500 <= x < 00 <= x < 500500 <= x < 10001000 <= x < 15001500 <= x < 20002000 <= x < 25002500 <= x < 30003000 <= x < 35003500 <= x < 40004000 <= x < 4500x >= 4500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
MW Error
Num
ber o
f Hou
rs
Western wind dataset has a positive bias in the day-ahead forecasts
Use measured wind forecast error distributions to correct bias
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 14
Solar “Actuals” Dataset
• Utility-scale PV• Existing WECC PV dataset has 50 MW PV plants modeled for
10km grid cells• Filter function under development to model utility-scale PV
plants up to 500 MW. We will need to size and site these. Propose 50/50 split between metropolitan and remote areas.
• DG PV• Use DG rooftop PV dataset from WWSIS1• Distribute generation identical to load in each load bubble
• CSP• Rerun CSP profiles for 10 hours of storage• Select best sites
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 15
Solar Forecasts Dataset
• Obtaining solar forecast error distributions• Check existing solar forecast dataset against measured
forecast error distributions• Refine existing solar forecast dataset as necessary to
match measured distributions
NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Heat rate penalties (heat input or CO2)
Unit type Part-load penalty
Ramping penalty
Startup penalty
Coal 5.1% 0.4% 110%
Gas CC 15.6% 0.3% 32%
Gas CT 12.4% 0.3% 32%
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NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY
Other emissions (NOx,SO2)
Unit type Part-load penalty
Ramping penalty
Startup penalty
Coal (NOx) 1.2% 2.8% 290%
Gas CC 30%** 0.7% 950%**
Gas CT 19% 0.8% 670%**
Coal (SO2) 5.4% 13.4% 270%
**These numbers are highly sensitive to input assumptions (percent loading) and/or a small number of extreme outliers (some are bad fits).
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NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY 18
Retirement Scenarios
• Other analysis shows plant retirements to have significant impact on cycling/ramping costs
• Data options• WECC TEPPC DWG retirements are based on CAISO 33%
study• GE analysis on plant retirements