0

Lfl

N OFFICE OF NAVAL RESEARCH

IContract: N00014-85-K-0222

Work Unit: 4327-555

Scientific Officer: Dr. Richard S. Miller

Technical Report No. 22

BLOW-OUT OF RUBBER BLOCKS DUE TO INTERNAL HEATING

by

A.N. Gent and M. Hindi

Polymer Engineering CenterThe University of Akron ,

Akron, Ohio 44325

November, 1989

Reproduction in whole or in part is permitted for

any purpose of the United States Government

Approved for public release; distribution unrestricted

89 12

SECURITY CL.ASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE OW$N- S-. 4 Enfr.__

I READ DLSTRUCTIONSREPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFORE CCMPLE724G FORM

1. REPORT NUMBER 2, GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT'S CATALOG NUMBER

"Lchni I. Re 1 ,;rr X.', 22

4. TITLE (anc SblIil.) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED

Blow-out of Ro,ibber B cOc('- ie t lhlical Report

6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER

7. AUTHOR(#) I. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(@")

A."'. (',nt anI I.d . i cl i "0001l-6-j- -K-0222

I. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADORESS 10. PROGRAM '.-E " TASK

olvner E,,i eerin, a 'nttr ARLA A WCRK UNiT NUMBERS

Flh University i Akro; 7-5Akr., Oio 4",325

II. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADCRESS 1Z. REPORT DATE

. avai Rose a c Vemb" r 1989

13. NUMBER OF PAGES

.rMi: .ton, VA 221 7-3000 1714. MONITORING AGENCY NAME & AODRESS-(I dllfefrl ro. CMnmit llnj 0tflc.) 35. SECUJRITY CLASS. (of LhII. repot)

Unclassi r ied

isi. CECLASSI FICATION/ DOWNGRADINGSCEDUL E

16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Lhis Report)

According to attached distribution list.

Approved for publ"ic release; distribution unrestricted.

17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of Lh.e absr rct .,t.,d In ftlock 20, If dtaffrt frm Report)

1I. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES

-ubmitted to: lournal of Applied Polymer Science

It. KEV WORDS (Continue on reve..s aide I1 moce.aw7. a Idently b hlock rmbo,)

B low- ut, BtIr; tinv, Decompostion, Elast omers, }at'igue, leat Build-Up

Rubber , The rma I Dtecompo-, t 4 oil

20. ATSI RACT (C iImin- . "w es id If noese..a mild Idenfrify b i b

hocA nm br)

Boubber blocks undcrg o explosive blIow-cit when hatd a mi rowave

yen ,n. '['he process appears to be the same as th i ow-out . aused by

ie, O,, ted v-anp lie d, ,ovr ,. -,re ssive ],,;ids. -t a It-rihuLteLl to higbInternal pressures lelera ted 4-v I voiatije Rroduct or thermal decompos t ion.

(over)

DD , Nf. 1473 EDITION OF I NOV .- . OLE I

S/N 0102- LF- 011- 6601 &ECU ITY CLASSIFICATION OF TwIS PAGE (AC lh- D e * )

3 Lr s ti a~~)ci iL tr rcr4'Ar P.1 :-, t :14

tfl ut l11Q - -i 0 1 L 11 ~1 :1: I C K d 1 V '114 11 1 1 'I A?. .- : 1)v4I 111-

i-ubbr, 11bouL I.SO de)1,r>>-. In. mBR .- I:.1 f:n) pI mp1I11 t. I; XB m

-Accesst on For

NTIS ~A~DM2, TA?

p -!

SNC 107- LF- 014- 6601

SECURITY CL ASSIFICAT;CN OF T,,IS P AGEfl4I,- D.Im Enr.,.d)

2

BIcw-Cut C,: Ru bber 71CC. s .iue 77zer:a ean

nx t.

Instituate off Pclxvner Sc.-ence *:aiovmer anee rinq Ca_-nter

Th n- :ersiJt' afni 4kon Aon 3i -12

~Nen ruber Is cieformed, cart of t-e work or iscna7Cn:

transc~ed in o 'eat. -3ecalise r,.bor-er is a rather zoor ccrr:nuctc--

of:; heat, the internal temn=erature under rnael-'

ce or-ataocns can reach hich ye] uies. oes-ecaallv fcr hi c

ar icles. Ta4re treads and tank track ac can 'becc-,, so hot a

'blow,-out." 3ut the mecn-anaqsn or failu:re is not well -understocca-

7t h-as been attraztuted to 7nechanical fatigue [11 , and ba~,

tensile fracture acgravated b y high temperature (2,31 . n on

trast, it is attributed here to high internal pressure of

volatile substances, sufficient to burst ccen the surrocunding

material. The volatiles are thoucht to be a product of thermal

decc77.positaor.,. Zha ow that blocw-out can be P -cd~uced !b;y d4irect

neatano: of rub;ber co.-rzounds in. a macrowave oven, and to sc-e

extent by internal heating a rnboer sheets by embedded

resistance hezating wires,.,:ithout any -nechanical stressing.

2. 7xzerarental dle:

Vulcanized rubber .:ylinders, 5anhich and 17.-'-.-n in

u-ameter, and sheets of various thicknesses were made in a corn-

cression :rold using conventional recipes. Atypical mix formu-

lataon ."as as folloJjWsr. in parts by wei-cet: SB'R 1502, 100; car!bon

black, (N330, Vulcan 3, Cabot Corp.) , 53; ::,7 cxace, E; stearic

ici. , 2; processing oil (Sundlex 7 9OT, Sun~ oen Cj .) , 5 ;

sulur,1;accelerator (S antocure MCR, >onsanto Co.), 35.-

I:laiztc IC'~ efe1e by htiCT ror ,3 in at 1500C.

Values of %ouno's modulus S were etermne from streSs-

strain relations in comzression, at a mient and elevated

temperatures.

Cylindrical specimens were subjected to reneated ccmnresscn

using a Goodrich Fexoi~eter, as described in ASTM D623 - 67 [4].

The freuency cf loading was 30 Wz and the double-am" i,4 e t:

oscillation was 6.35mm. Static compressive loads of either 32 cc

43 kg were acolied to the sample by attaching weichts to the

macnine beam. Experiments were terminated when the sample faile

by blow-out, typically within !5 min. Veasurements cf blow-cut

temperature were made by means of a orobe tnermocci.e 7 nsert d

into the samole immediately after blow-out.

Other samples were heated in a microwave oven without

imposing any deformation. Blow-out similar to that obtained with

the Goodrich Flexometer occurred in less than one minute.

Some vulcanized sheets, about 6-m thick, were heated by

passing an electric current through a fine straight cooper wire,

about 125m long and 160 'm in diameter, embedded in the center

of the sheet before vulcanization. The pcower nput was adjusted

to heat the sample at about the same rate as in the microwave

oven, 3-5cC/sec. Internal temperatures were determined from the

measured resistance of the wire and the temperature coefficient

of resistance of copper. At temperatures between 200 and 300cC,

the rubber sheet showed surface discoloration, followed soon

aft. rwar~s by apearance of a blister, which is ccnsocren

ecuivalent to blow-out.

Thermocravimetric analysis was carried cut on sone cc:oOunds.

and the volatiles released by hblow-out were isolated and onalyzeA

by -as chromatography and -ass spectrometry.

(i) Blow-out ':rnm repea- e. :!cmressicn a=nd so~le-ly tron heatz:ng

Blow-out temceratures for Gloodrich flexometer sam'.Des are

-vn n Table 1 . They reached values of 7CO'C or more,

Ecutcs _ng Lhat bDIuw-QuL ias d consequence of thermal d3econ7Osa-4

tion of t".3 Lolvoer.

Blow-out temperatures for sanwol.es subjected to ',irect

neatang in the microwave c-:en -were a Droximately the- same, Table

1, arnd the a-.Dearce or t-oe failed sann,.les was also cuitle

-'. r I n i re1. -hu:- e criterion for blocw-out seems -: be

a sac-ae one: -hintr'c c z: te sample ou,,st reach a critical

tem,.erature. VMeco-nicaI vworkinq is only a means or: cenerating

heat internally; -it is not essential for blow-out.

Significant differences were noted in the anpearance of:

sarnoles . F :lexed saac-oles became barral-shaoe d, due to cconpression

set, Ficure 1, and decomcosition was concentrated in the center.

in contrast, nacrowave sa-noles deconnosed over larcer internal

recions, \-serever seveore '-.ating h-ad occurred.

(i4i) Elc-w-o'.t teno :era=tu res -for typicztl rubb-!er coroncu nd s

Blow-out tenerat-.:ros are given in Table 1. They ranged

fromn about l800C to about 250--c, 4epcencing u:pon th-e poly.7er a-nd

the mix formulation.

Two coeneral featuro:s -,.ere noted. First, the ilow-outl

teorature was higher for harder materials. For example, con-

rounds _R2 and S3R3 had d~ifferent amounts :E lfuz _n ccel-

erator, while :;1 nd s3? 3 d iffered in carbDon black content,

ga:-:cang v-ulcana.zate:S of th - so-me nolvoer with -ar*-edb,' different

eIeS t Ic od ulu'_s . Bwottook plaoe at hicher temeratu.res rr

a ycu;;_ a nodulIS H 3 tQ-creratureS Icse to

blcw- out temoerature are inciuded in Table i; they; ccnfrm this

ceneral conclusion. Moreover, this feature _ s consastent wath

the proposed mechanism o: low-out. The critical pressure at

which a small internal cavitv in a rubber block w;ill excand

indefinitely as uiven apprrximately by 5E/6 (5,6]. Thus, a

harder material would be expected to withstand higher internal

pressures without rupturiiq.

Some materials appeared to soften markedly at high tempera-

tures and undergo blow-mut at the same time. For example, butyl

rubber compounds turned into a soft, buttery consistency at the

blow-out temperature, about 18O'C. in contrast, NBR and SR com-

pounds were found to be stiffer than others initially and to

retain their stiffness at high temperatures. They were found to

have higher blow-out temperatures also.

Natural rubber compounds became soft and sticky as a result

of thermal decomposition, whereas NBR and SBR compounds remained

relatively dry. In both cases, however, blow-out took place

explosively, especially for NR materials with C-C or monosulfide

crosslinks (,,R2 a;;d NR4) which blew out at relatively high

temperatures, Table 1.

Polybutadiene compounds did not undergo blow-out, even after

long periods of heating in the microwave oven. instead, the

samples softened, swelled, and became porous in the interior,

Ficure 2. Apparently, the vapor pressure of the products of

decomposition is significantly lower for this polymer. "Blow-

cut" temoeratures were taken as the temperatures at which

7rcnounced swelling occurred.

Thus, two factors appear to govern the susceptibility of

rubber compounds to blow-out. The first is their propensity to

cenerate high-vapcr--pressure volatiles. The second is their

6

tenrnyo soften on -e at Ing and tnus I cse r es Is _,Cance

sion cf a oressurized internal cavitv.

(iii) Possible nature orf volatiles causing bo-u

Certain ingredients in rubber formulations would b-e exnecte8

to volatilize at hich temneratures and create a nn,: internal

pressure. For examole, If water is present, high internal pres-

sures woulId be generated at L -mperatures mu,,ch abcve 100'C. In

order to test this tossibility, 0.5 operceiit cK salt was included

4n several mix formulat-4ons and the vulcanized samoles werc

Qcaked in water :oc _-e." -ral days befcre testing, so that they

ar-soro-ed 1-21, *z; weiarht of water. Blow-out took< place at

virtually tie s ame temroerature as for dry samo.les, indicatinq

t"hat absorbed water is not the main cause of blow-out.

Another 0:ossible volatile ingredient of many rubber com-

pounds is a hydrocarbon proce ssing oil. However, when an other-

wise identical formulation was prepared with no processing oil,

blow-out took place at ab)out the same tem;eratu,,re as before.

Thus, the p-rocessing oil itself was not resoonsiblte for b-low-out.

A.nother possibility iS dissolved air. Samoles that h-ad been

stored in vacuo for four weeks were foun:-d to h'-;:.e sicnificantli

nigne r blow-out temperatures, by about 30'C, Table 2. COn exposing

them to air again for several weeks, the blow,-out tempcratures

were reduced almost back to the original values. TLhese results

suQuest that air is at least partially responsible for blow-out,

pcably by catalyzing thermal decomoopsition.

Different formuolations are known to differ in susceptiboility

to tner7mal decomposition. For exa-mole, 'ulcanizates with ccolv-

Gsulfide crOsslankzs will soften at lower, temteratures than those

with 7onosulfide or with carbon-carbon crosslir.;,s because of the

lower strenath of such linkaces. IfI crosslink rupture Is also

7

a cc c.7an Ied 2:cv 1oie I=ccto of a vol atrle subsoa-:I:onb Z

z;L ~ x ace when a significan: -.ecree o: c:asstn.,:

ruzct"re Occurs. -7n accord with this hvnothesls, c Er c;: _ -e

rec-, es, x'e dn aC -C c r oss 1 i ks , a nd 7,o r cs u 1f __5e (sl re ss)

recipes cave the highest b~cw-out temeratures, Table 1,

ar~zro acnhirg the temperatures at which zoivmer dcr~oiincl

be exoected. I-nd differences observed between ela stooers can, '-e

attribut_-ed to differences In stabZility of the crcsslin k s-cm-

wotnonr them.

-- as, oalthouzh he-eact natu,.re or: the vojato -

is not clear, the hxyzothesis that it is a caseous cof --he

3ecoozosltion of crcssln]- accou.nts -for the main _za__rsc

bDlow-outz, namely, the general temperature rance -4n w-toch it

oc-curs, its close relatioo~shiD with softening -eatrote

lower tlwottempzeratures fcr - terials ccntaiunc cx sooo

crcsslin}:s i.n compcarison with C-C crosslinks, and the markle-

4ifferences observed between cj.::"erent cjolvcmers.

(!'.) Decom-csition by he ating with an --mbecoeo resootan_=cewre

Temneratures of surface discoloration are coven in oe-

l~~r ccr~d ~=4t t '---u-reS or t 'e cr-oer

of 5001C. These temneratu.res are much noon)-er tohan toose :or

blow-out tut they are considered to be over-estimates so:

actlual t=-,erature because of heat losses t-roucoa te

rubber and severe d ecoocs it ion of rubber in the ot'oate

wocnit C'o thewie

: eOCoS1-ton temnzer: tures measured on tnos waw were fotu no

'_o be less reproci=ble than -ccrowa'e blo1w-out temoeratu;res and

th:,ey cended stroncly on the rate of heating. Thus, althouch

the wiore-heati~nq 7-etod is a:ooealincly simple,' :oe -to'-

-ess satlsfactcr: --,-an -,.crowave heating for determininz:

s I I- Ca 2 I <:' I

2 C .... __..W, at

-~~~ ~ s-- - - n---. C-. tC f u n.-d

7- , . V-: .e .r n_21 5

CCC t- 7 eV r eswee -

C 3 Sc e1 e 7C n I

77. r rec tc -.

aren== Ced~ to 7. .I c-r120_,t, cC2:stIf 200203 ..

_nc S er cser .- :f r tsc:1.fer e n ec -

i I e a t e ecz ,Du n2j~a~ a - r I.

e pr n, -j00 cas cw- t 4s t*-e ceneraticn c

I le, 51 c-;e c0512: C: ca7tc z.2. C l n:r: e

-'C: e a nd t zr~t

icse resistance to cavity ex,-ansion.

Differc-7 eatn r .2.'rtdifrn

9

- ~~~~~~~~~~ ... ca7r:s c .... n ru "z c ~ ' s Ico'" cu t r l t ''i" .

te.cera-" s at tS0C, 0 C w e- eas BR asd SE , cc2 o'rnas R1:'w cut

2 a t f r e s cfa'-- t c' C or .- n C- r vz a lene c

c U:-,ns i , d 1 c bc w cut c sister. they 4eve c e i r n a

a : te s -at crew I sze ns -zbr ....dmer t. ever burst Z;e t o the

xte r , '- ecau se t'-e va-cr cres sre neaver reachcd

s wrk s s,,; crteubh The £ffizecf cava

&r-' ) nd a :rant-!n- a .. . . -

.e a crh s .re lso n4etc -d o 2r . . Pcrter, . c

n- ;trczIer f: 1 -, 7 :e

w.- as resented at t'e Szsring tee2in.. (D t-e-

-eican Chemical Society, :al'as, Acrsl 19-22, 198 -

i. J. E. 7 u.:h ]n .7 r ,-nscn, Tranns. ,t . R h . i d 7

C32s -a a .....

,3 : 941).

i.~~~~~~~~~~~~~ c. 2.n c: 1- m -o - s=:, Tlrc -- i ''r n,- ...

t - - X... . . ... . . . . t " . .

*'er .OZ. , T <r.n o [a. -* 9

_.__.___ea , _5. __inh 2 2~ 5cL c anr, j %2art,'A7olm. ?ln 7 .

-., .- Z 19 7)

-- - .. . . t * -- C.. .. . .

. .. .. . .. .,: , E' . . . zj OC. I_.n .), e. .

I-:-.I6. :. :. en an D. A. 'c cki s, . .7-) .cch y.i. _, }-O r c{9

anz .xiscoc ra -c -- - . '~e: .... ,- -- - * ...,:- -

-W C> -t C . - ,,- .i . - -i -sci --r -

R4.5 .2 2 1-

gR2 {-.n-.su!-

cil x <re 15 4 5 2

':R4~ ~ 4 er:.ii

fii- }:r&-5 - - 1-- - - -

5 2 2.5 -4 2-- .

5 R2 3.6 .5. 7: 0 ..

-, c._ 4 A f7.e s- 1- . ; r

c., E 4 --

4 4

}RI ~4 1 3 .. 0 C 3 9 'i

2-= 2 2 ! 2 4 ..

(a) (b)

cure_ Samnlies ~fNR2 after blw-u. a)F'exoreter,

(b,) Xicrcwave iieating.

r-iaure 2. Cross-section or PB sample after mricrcwave h'

Revised January 1985

12

(DY:)DISTRIBjUTON LIST

Dr. R.S. Mtiller Dr. L.V. Schmidt

Office of Naval Research Office of N'aval Technology

Code 432P Code 07CT

Arlington, VA 22217 Arlington, VA 22217

(10 copies)

Dr. J. Pastine JHU Applied Physics Laboratcry

Naval Sea Systems Command ATTN: CPIA (Mr. T.W. Christian)

Code 06R Johns Hopkins Rd.

Washington, DC 20362 Laurel, MD 20707

Dr. Kenneth D. Hartman

Hercules Aerospace Division Dr. R. McGuire

Hercules Incorporated Lawrence Livermore Laboratory

Alleghany Ballistic Lab University of California

P.O. Box 210 Code L-324

Cumberlana, MD 20502 Livermore, CA 94550

Mr. Otto K. Heinev P.A. Miller

AFATL-DLJG 736 Leavenworth Street, 16

Elgin AFB, FL 32542 San Francisco, CA 94109

Dr. Merrill K. King Dr. W. Moniz

Atlantic Research Corp. Naval Research Lab.

5390 Cherokee Avenue Code 6120

Alexandria, VA 22312 Washington, DC 20375

Dr. R.L. Lou Dr. K.F. Mueller

Aerojet Strategic Propulsion Co. Naval Surface Weapons Center

Bldg. 050L5 - Dept 5A00 - MS 167 Code R11

P.O. Box 15699C White Oak

Sacramenta, CA 95813 Silver Spring, MD 20910

Dr. R. Olsen Prof. M. Nicol

Aerojet Strategic Propulsion Co. Dept. of Chemistry & Biochemistry

Bldg. 05025 - Dept 5400 - MS 167 University of California

P.O. Box 15699C Los Angeles, CA 90024

Sacramento, CA 95813Mr. L. Roslund

Dr. Randy Peters Naval Surface Weapons Center

Aerojet Strategic Propulsion Co. Code RiOC

Bldg. 05025 - Dept 5400 - MS 167 White Oak, Silver Spring, MD] 20910

P.O. Box 15699C

Sacramento, CA 95813 Dr. David C. Sayles

Ballistic Missile Defense

Dr. D. Mann Advanced Technology Center

U.S. Army Research Office P.O. Box 1500

Engineering Division Huntsville, AL 35807

Box 12211

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211

Revised January 198513

(DY )

DISTRIBUTCN T LIST

Mr. R. Geisler DirectorATTN: DYiMS-24 US Army Ballistic Research Lab.AFRPL ATTN: DRXBR-IBDEdwards AFB, CA 9352 Aberdeen Proving Ground, YD 21005

CormanderNaval Air Systems Command US Army Missile CommandATTN: Mr. Bertram P. Sobers ATTN: DRSMI-RKL

NAVAIR-320G Walter W. !..hartonJefferson Plaza 1, P! 472 Redstone Arsenal, AL 35898Washington, DC 20361

Dr. Ingo W. MayR.B. Steele Army Ballistic Research Lab.Aerojet Strategic Propulsion Co. ARRADCOMP.O. Box 15699C Code DRXBR - BDSacramento, CA 95813 Aberdeen Proving Ground, ,M 21005

Dr. E. ZimetMr. M. Stosz Office of Naval TechnologyNaval Surface Weapons Center Code 071Code RIOB Arlington, VA 22217'White OakSilver Spring, 1D 20910 Dr. Ronald L. Derr

Naval Weapons CenterMr. E.S. Sutton Code 389Thiokol Corporation China Lake, CA 93555Elkton DivisionP.O. Box 241 T. BoggsElkton, MD 21921 Naval Weapons Center

Code 389Dr. Grant Thompson China Lake, CA 93555Morton Thiokol, Inc.Wasatch Division Lee C. Estabrook, P.E.MS 240 P.O. Box 524 Morton Thiokol, Inc.Brigham City, UT 84302 P.O. Box 30058

Shreveport, Louisiana 71130Dr. R.S. ValentiniUnited Technologies Chemical Systems Dr. J.R. WestP.O. Box 50015 Morton Thiokol, Inc.San Jose, CA 95150-0015 P.O. Box 30058

Shreveport, Louisiana 71130Dr. R.F. WalkerChief, Energetic Materials Division Dr. D.D. DillehayDRSMC-LCE (D), B-3022 Morton Thiokol, Inc.USA ARDC Longhorn DivisionDover, NJ 07801 Marshall, TX 75670

Dr. Janet Wall G.T. BowmanCode 012 Atlantic Research Corp.Director, Research Administration 7511 Wellington RoadNaval Postgraduate School Gainesville, VA 22065Monterey, CA 93943

Ser 432/84/211DY-IRevised January 1985 14

(DYN)

DISTRIBUTION, LIST

R.E. Shenton Brian WheatleyAtlantic Research Corp. Atlantic Research Corp.7511 Wellington Road 7511 Wellington Road('ainesville, VA 22065 Gainesville, VA 22065

Mike Barnes Mr. G. EdwardsAtlantic Research Corp. Naval Sea Systems Comand7511 Wellington Road Code 62R32Gainesville, VA 22065 Washington, DC 20362

Dr. Lionel Dickinson C. DickinsonNaval Explosive Ordinance Naval Surface Weapons CenterDisposal Tech. Center White Oak, Code R-13Code D Silver Spring, ,D 20910Indian Head, MID 20340

Prof. J.T. Dickinson Prof. John DeutchWashington State University MITDept. of Physics 4 Department of ChemistryPullman, WA 99164-2814 Cambridge, MA 02139

M.H. Miles Dr. E.H. deButtsDept. of Physics Hercules Aerospace Co.Washington State University P.O. Box 27408Pullman, WA 99164-2814 Salt Lake City, UT 84127

Dr. T.F. Davidson David A. FlaniganVice President, Technical Director, Advanced TechnologyMorton Thiokol, Inc. Morton Thiokol, Inc.Aerospace Group Aerospace Group3340 Airport Rd. 3340 Airport Rd.Ogden, UT 84405 Ogden, UT 84405

Mr. J. Consaga Dr. L.H. CavenyNaval Surface Weapons Center Air Force Office of ScientificCode R-16 ResearchIndian Head, MD 20640 Directorate of Aerospace Sciences

Bolling Air Force BaseNaval Sea Systems Command Washington, DC 20332ATTN: Mr. Charles M. Christensen

NAVSEA-62R2 W.G. RogerCrystal Plaza, Bldg. 6, Rm 806 Code 5253Washington, DC 20362 Naval Ordance Station

Indian Head, MD 20640

Mr. R. Beauregard Dr. Donald L. BallNaval Sea Systems Command Air Force Office of ScientificSEA 64E ResearchWashington, DC 20362 Directorate of Chemical &

Atmospheric SciencesBolling Air Force BaseWashington, DC 20332

2er -,.234/2..... N

:evised January 1985 15

(DY;)

Dr. Anthony J. .:usz':r Dr. H.G. AdoichAir Force Office -f Scientific :"esearch Naval Sirface UTeapons Center

Directorate of Chemical & Atmospheric Code R!

Sciences White Oak

Bolling Air Force Base Silver Sprino, "D 2C9!0Washington, DC ' )33

Dr. Michael Chavkovskv U.S. Army Research OfficeNaval Surface WNeanons Center Chemical Z Piological Sciences

Code R11 Division

White Oak P.O. Box 12211

Silver Sprin z , "D 1CI0 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709

J.J. Rocchic Dr. John S. Wilkps, Jr.

USA Ballistic Research Tab. FJSRL/NC

Aerdeen Prcvinc 7raunc, ? XO05-5066 USAF Academ,, . CG 2084o

Dr. H. Rosenwasser

AIR-32CR

Naval Air Systems Command

Washington, DC 20361

B. Swanson Dr. Joyce J. Kaufman

'NC-,i MS C-346 The Johns Hopkins University

Los Alamos National Laboratory Department of Chemistry

Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 Baltimore, NI 21218

Dr. James T. Bryant Dr. A. Nielsen

Naval Weapons Center Naval Weapons Center

Code 3205B Code 385

China -ake, CA 93 China Lake, CA 93555

Dr. L. Rothstein

Assistant DirectorNaval Explosives Dev. Engineering Dept.Naval Weapons Station

Yorktown, VA 23691

Dr. M.J. Kamlet

Naval Surface Weapons Center

Code R11

T4nite Oak, Silver Spring, MD 20910

Dr. Henry Webster, III

Manager, Chemical Sciences Branch

ATTN: Code 5063

Crane, IN 47522

Dr. A.L. Slafkosky

Scientific Advisor

Commandant of the Marine CorpsCode RD-I

Washington, DC 20380

Ser 432,84/340 16

Revised January 1985

(DYN)

DISTRIBUTION LIST

K.D. Pae Prof. Edward PriceHigh Pressure Materials Research Lab. Georgia Institute of Tech.

Rutgers University School of Aerospace Engineering

P.O. Box 909 Atlanta, CA 30332

Piscataway, NJ 0S854

J.A. Birkett

Dr. John K. Dienes Naval Ordnance StationT-3, B216 Code 5253KLos Alamos National Lab. Indian Head, -ID 20640

P.O. Box 1663Los Alamos, NM 75 4

Prof. R.W. ArmstrongUniversity of Maryland

-A.N. Gent Dept. of Mechanical Engineeringinstitute Polymer Science College Park, }! 20742

University of AkronAkron, OH 44325

Herb Richter

Dr. D.A. Shockey Code 385

SRI International Naval Weapons Center333 Ravenswood Ave. China Lake, CA 93555

Menlo Park, CA 94025

J.T. RosenbergDr. R.B. Kruse SRI InternationalMorton Thiokol, Inc. 333 Ravenswood Ave.

Huntsville Division Menlo Park, CA 94025

Huntsville, AL 35807-7501

G.A. ZimmermanG. Butcher Aeroject Tactical SystemsHercules, Inc. P.O. Box 13400

P.O. Box 98 Sacramento, CA 95813

Magna, UT 84044

Prof. Kenneth Kuo

W. Waesche Pennsylvania State University

Atlantic Research Corp. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering

7511 Wellington Road University Park, PA 16802

Gainesville, VA 22065

T.L. BoggsDr. R. Bernecker Naval Weapons Center

Naval Surface Weapons Center Code 3891

Code R13 China Lake, CA 93555

White OakSilver Spring, MD 20910

17Ser 432/84 /340Revised January 1985

(DYN)

DISTRIBUTION LIST

J.M. CulverDr. C.S. Coffer Strategic Systems ?rojects (OfficeNaval Surface Weapons Center SSPO/SP-2731Code R13 Crystal Mall 143, RN l0ASYite Oak Washington, DC 20376

Silver Spring, .D 20910

Prof. G.D. DuvallD. Curran Washington State UniversitySRI International Department of Physics333 Ravenswood Avenue Pullman, WA 99163Menlo Park, CA 94025

Dr. E. Martin

7.L. 1hrockmorton Naval Weapons Center

Code SP-2731 Code 3858Strategic Systems Program Office China Lake, CA 93555Crystal Mall #3, RM 1048Washington, DC 23076

Dr. M. Farber135 W. Maple Avenue

R.G. Rosemeier Monnovia, CA 91016Brimrose Corporation7720 Belair RoadBaltimore, MD 20742 W.L. Elban

Naval Surface Weapons CenterWhite Oak, Bldg. 343Silver Spring, 'M 20910

C. GotzmerNaval Surface Weapons Center Defense Technical Information CenterCode R-11 Bldg. 5, Cameron StationWhite Oak Alexandria, VA 22314Silver Spring, MD 20910 (12 copies)

Dr. Robert PolvaniT j National bureau of SLandardb

3251 Hanover Street Metallurgy DivisionB204 Lockheed Palo Alto Research Lab Washington, D.C. 20234Palto Alto, CA 94304

R.A. Schapery Director

Civil Engineering Department Naval Research Laboratory

Texas A&M University Attn: Code 2627

College Station, TX 77843 Washington, DC 20375(6 copies)

Dr. Y. Gupta Administrative ContractingWashington State University Officer (see contract forDepartment of Physics address)Pullman, WA 99163 (1 copy)