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INTEGRAL WORLD: EXPLORING THEORIES OF EVERYTHING An independent forum for a critical discussion of the integral philosophy of Ken Wilber Ken Wilber wrote the essay "To See a World Art and the I of the Beholder " for an exhibition of Anselm Kiefer (see the October 21 entry in One Taste, pp. 260269). The November 12 entry contained some technical points related to that essay, which were deleted from the final version of One Taste. For the interested reader those points are published below for the first time, with permission of the author). To See A World Some technical points Ken Wilber "To See a World," which I wrote for the Anselm Kiefer exhibit, reminds me how difficult it is, at this point, to write short pieces. If I have anything new or fresh to say, it is because of the overall "big picture" that I have tried to develop; and yet, in order to use that big picture, I have to introduce it to the reader first. So I have to find short, simple ways to summarize what is, after all, rather complex material, and this is a very dicey game. I find that often I am forced to use not just simple, but simplistic, summaries—not just short and accurate but short and slightly inaccurate. In the Kiefer piece, for example, I say that each individual has available the entire spectrum of worldviews. That is fine as a simplistic summary, but technically, each individual has available the entire spectrum of basic structures (or the basic levels in the overall spectrum of consciousness, matter to body to mind to soul to spirit); but worldviews are collectively shared perceptions, and these do not reside in individuals alone; moreover, the surface features necessary to flesh out the deep features of the basic structures are provided only by cultural contexts, and those do not reside in individuals either. Nonetheless, each basic structure carries with it the main cognitive ingredients that will undergrid a particular worldview, and since I did not have the space to go into all these details, as a shortcut I simply said all individuals have available to them the entire spectrum of worldviews. What often happens is that, when somebody in our culture has a transpersonal peak experience, they will clothe that experience in the surface structures of our nontranspersonal culture, often with strange or sad results. This is why we await the new symbols of a future transpersonal religion, and this is where artists can—and will—help immeasurably. In the meantime, individuals still have access to these higher levels of the spectrum of consciousness, but they find little support for them in the culture at large, so their worldviews are usually shaped by various microcommunities in which they find themselves, and these microcommunities (such as the avant garde) are almost always alienated from the larger culture (precisely because, at their best, they are tapping into higher domains not officially recognized by conventional reality). So the general points of the essay are still accurate and the conclusion is still sound (I wouldn't have used the simplistic summary otherwise); but it does point up the difficulty of getting these ideas across in a short space. The Kiefer essay is based on the theory of integral semiotics that I outlined in The Eye of Spirit [chapter 3, note 12]. In linguistics, it is common to speak of signifiers, signifieds, referents, semantics, and syntax. For example, the word "dog." The written or material word "dog" is the signifier. What comes to your mind when you read the word "dog" is the signified. The actual dog is the referent. The semantics of the word "dog" is its meaning, its referent, or what the word actually "points to." The grammatical structure that the linguistic word "dog" exists in is the syntax. One of the main controversies in semiotics (or the overall meaning of a word) is how to relate these various symbolic entities. And my point is that these four main entities (signifier, signified, semantic, and syntax) are actually, precisely, the four quadrants of any sign. If this is true, then we will have, arguably for the first time, an "integral semiotics" that explicates these four ingredients, which are essential in creating all meaning and 2 people like this. Like Share

Technical Points on Transpersonalism by Ken Wilber

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INTEGRAL WORLD: EXPLORING THEORIES OF EVERYTHINGAn independent forum for a critical discussion of the integral philosophy of Ken Wilber

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  • 7/5/2015 ToSeeaWordSomeTechnicalPoints,byKenWilber

    http://www.integralworld.net/kiefer.html 1/6

    INTEGRALWORLD:EXPLORINGTHEORIESOFEVERYTHINGAnindependentforumforacriticaldiscussionoftheintegralphilosophyofKenWilber

    KenWilberwrotetheessay"ToSeeaWorldArtandtheIoftheBeholder"foranexhibitionofAnselmKiefer(seetheOctober21entryinOneTaste,pp.260269).TheNovember12entrycontainedsometechnicalpointsrelatedtothatessay,whichweredeletedfromthefinalversionofOneTaste.Fortheinterestedreaderthosepointsarepublishedbelowforthefirsttime,withpermissionoftheauthor).

    ToSeeAWorldSometechnicalpoints

    KenWilber

    "ToSeeaWorld,"whichIwrotefortheAnselmKieferexhibit,remindsmehowdifficultitis,atthispoint,towriteshortpieces.IfIhaveanythingneworfreshtosay,itisbecauseoftheoverall"bigpicture"thatIhavetriedtodevelopandyet,inordertousethatbigpicture,Ihavetointroduceittothereaderfirst.SoIhavetofindshort,simplewaystosummarizewhatis,afterall,rathercomplexmaterial,andthisisaverydiceygame.IfindthatoftenIamforcedtousenotjustsimple,butsimplistic,summariesnotjustshortandaccuratebutshortandslightlyinaccurate.IntheKieferpiece,forexample,Isaythateachindividualhasavailabletheentirespectrumofworldviews.Thatisfineasasimplisticsummary,buttechnically,eachindividualhasavailabletheentirespectrumofbasicstructures(orthebasiclevelsintheoverallspectrumofconsciousness,mattertobodytomindtosoultospirit)butworldviewsarecollectivelysharedperceptions,andthesedonotresideinindividualsalonemoreover,thesurfacefeaturesnecessarytofleshoutthedeepfeaturesofthebasicstructuresareprovidedonlybyculturalcontexts,andthosedonotresideinindividualseither.Nonetheless,eachbasicstructurecarrieswithitthemaincognitiveingredientsthatwillundergridaparticularworldview,andsinceIdidnothavethespacetogointoallthesedetails,asashortcutIsimplysaidallindividualshaveavailabletothemtheentirespectrumofworldviews.

    Whatoftenhappensisthat,whensomebodyinourculturehasatranspersonalpeakexperience,theywillclothethatexperienceinthesurfacestructuresofournontranspersonalculture,oftenwithstrangeorsadresults.Thisiswhyweawaitthenewsymbolsofafuturetranspersonalreligion,andthisiswhereartistscanandwillhelpimmeasurably.Inthemeantime,individualsstillhaveaccesstothesehigherlevelsofthespectrumofconsciousness,buttheyfindlittlesupportfortheminthecultureatlarge,sotheirworldviewsareusuallyshapedbyvariousmicrocommunitiesinwhichtheyfindthemselves,andthesemicrocommunities(suchastheavantgarde)arealmostalwaysalienatedfromthelargerculture(preciselybecause,attheirbest,theyaretappingintohigherdomainsnotofficiallyrecognizedbyconventionalreality).Sothegeneralpointsoftheessayarestillaccurateandtheconclusionisstillsound(Iwouldn'thaveusedthesimplisticsummaryotherwise)butitdoespointupthedifficultyofgettingtheseideasacrossinashortspace.

    TheKieferessayisbasedonthetheoryofintegralsemioticsthatIoutlinedinTheEyeofSpirit[chapter3,note12].Inlinguistics,itiscommontospeakofsignifiers,signifieds,referents,semantics,andsyntax.Forexample,theword"dog."Thewrittenormaterialword"dog"isthesignifier.Whatcomestoyourmindwhenyoureadtheword"dog"isthesignified.Theactualdogisthereferent.Thesemanticsoftheword"dog"isitsmeaning,itsreferent,orwhatthewordactually"pointsto."Thegrammaticalstructurethatthelinguisticword"dog"existsinisthesyntax.

    Oneofthemaincontroversiesinsemiotics(ortheoverallmeaningofaword)ishowtorelatethesevarioussymbolicentities.Andmypointisthatthesefourmainentities(signifier,signified,semantic,andsyntax)areactually,precisely,thefourquadrantsofanysign.Ifthisistrue,thenwewillhave,arguablyforthefirsttime,an"integralsemiotics"thatexplicatesthesefouringredients,whichareessentialincreatingallmeaningand

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  • 7/5/2015 ToSeeaWordSomeTechnicalPoints,byKenWilber

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    significance.Thus,signifiersareUpperRightquadrant(theexteriorwordsandwrittensymbols)signifiedsareUpperLeft(theinteriorideasandpsychologicalstatesevokedbysignifiers)syntaxisLowerRight(theformallinguisticsystemanditsgrammaticalstructures)andsemanticsisLowerLeft(collectiveculturalmeaning,values,referents,andworldviews).

    Allreferentsexistinaparticularworldvieworworldspace(LowerLeft),andartistscanpaint,depict,orotherwiseexpressthoseworldspaces(thisiswhatImeantby"magicobjects,""mythicobjects,""existentialobjects,"etc.).Inotherwords,thesemantics(thereferentormeaning)ofapaintingdependsupontheworldviewtowhichtheartisthasaccess.Byandlarge,anartistinamagicalworldviewwillpaintmagicalobjects,anartistinthemythicworldviewwillpaintmythicobjects,andsoon.Thisisbecausethereisnotasinglepregivenworld,butratheraspectrumofenacted(orcocreated)worldviews,inwhichdifferentperceptions,andthereforedifferentobjects,exist.Andartists,justlikeeverybodyelse,generallyexistwithinaparticularworldview,andbypaintingordepictingthoseworldviews,theyrenderthemmorevisible,oneoftheirgreatservices.

    Thisalsomeansthat,inorderforartiststopainthigherworldspaces,theyhavetodeveloptothosehigherdimensionsintheirownbeing.AsKandinskysaid,"Constructiononapurelyspiritualbasisisaslowbusiness.Theartistmusttrainnotonlyhiseyebutalsohissoul."Thishappensonlyaswetranscendindividuality,asMondrianknew:"Throughourintuition,theuniversalinuscanbecomesoactivethatitpushesasideourindividuality.Thenartcanrevealitself."Or,asMalevichputit,trueartcanbegin"onlyifthesuperconsciouswereaccordedtheprivilegeofdirectingcreation."

    Ifwelookspecificallyatthepsychic,subtle,causal,andnondualworldspaces,theideaisthatperceptionsinthosedomainscanbedepictedbyartistswhoarealivetothosedomainsintheirownbeing.Thatgivesusatleastfourlevelsoftranspersonalart.Further,withinthoselevelstherearedifferenttypesorwaysofdoingart.Therearedifferenthorizontalstylespossibleateachofthoseverticallevels.Wehavealreadylookedattheverticallevels(psychic,subtle,causal,andnondual)hereareafewofthemostimportantstyles:

    Transpersonalrealismthisinvolvesdepictingthetranspersonalterrainexactlyasoneseesit,moreorless.AlexGrey,forexample,oftendrawsthetranspersonalrealmspreciselyasheseesthem,inaveryrealisticfashion(aswellasdoingnumerouspaintingofamoresymbolicnature).ErnstFuchsandtheFantasticRealistsattempttopaintinnerspiritualvisionsexactlyastheyperceivethem.LikewisetheSurrealistsattemptedtodepictinnerrealitiesgraphically(some,butbynomeansall,ofwhichweretranspersonal).Theacupuncturemeridianlines,depictedonacupuncturecharts,areanexampleofarealisticmapoftheethericenergysystems(whichexistatthepraniclevelbuttendtobemoreeasilyperceivedatthepsychiclevel).MuchofTibetanBuddhistart,whichlookssymbolicormetaphorical,isactuallyarealisticdepictionofcertaintranspersonalrealities(suchasarchetypalyidamorspiritualforms)thatbecomedirectlyseenandexperiencedinadvancedmeditation(particularlyatthesubtlelevel).

    Transpersonalimpressionismthisisbasedonadirecttranspersonalperception,butdepictedinsoftertones,easierlines,thanthestarkerrealism.Nonetheless,impressionismisstillrelatedinasomewhatrealisticfashiontotheeventorperceptionitisdepicting.Zenpaintingsinwhichbambootrees,birds,lakesaredepictedassoft,foggy,andmistyarenotsomuchnaturerealismastranspersonalimpressionismthesoftimpressionoftheworldnolongerseendualistically.Butbeforewecantrulyunderstandimpressionism,weneedtocontrastitwith:

    Transpersonalexpressionismtheconventionaldistinctionbetweenimpressionismandexpressionismisthattheformerisbasedonanexternalperception(e.g.,alandscape),thelatteronaninternalperception(e.g.,anemotionalstate).Whilethereissometruthtothat,theunfortunateimplicationisthattheformeris"real"or"realistic"andthelatteris"merelysubjective"and"notreallyreal."But,statedassuch,thatisacompletelymisleadingdistinction.Allperceptionsexistinspecificworldviews:aphysicallandscapeexistsinthesensorimotorworldspace,emotionsexistinthepranic(oremotionalsexual)worldspaceorlevels1and2intheGreatChain.Bothareequallyreal.Sotypicalimpressionismandtypicalexpressionismarebothdepictingrealstates,oneexternal,oneinternal.Tosaythatimpressionismisrealistic(andthusbasedonsomething"reallyreal")butexpressionismis"merelysubjective"(andnotbasedonsomethingthatis"reallyreal"),issimplytovaluethesensorimotorworldspaceanddenytheemotionalworldspace,whereasinfacttheyarebothequallyrealandequallyexistinglevelsintheGreatHolarchyofBeing.(Infact,theGreatNesttheoristsareunanimousthatthepraniclevel,level2,isactuallymorerealthanthephysicallevel,level1,becauseithasmoredepthandthusisclosertoSpiritastranscendentalGoal.Onlyinflatland,onlyinthemodernwasteland,isthesensorimotorworldtheworldofscientificmaterialismandbodyismmadetheonlyandultimatereality.Thisisareductionisticnightmareweneednotshare.)

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    Likewise,thecommondistinctionnatureversusabstractwhichismadebyvirtuallyallartcriticsiscompletelymistakeninitsimplication,whichisthatnaturepaintingis"representational,"whereasabstractpaintingis"nonrepresentational."That'sveryincorrect.Alandscapepaintingrepresentsordepictsstatesofnature,anabstractpaintingrepresentsordepictsstatesofmind.Bothare,inthatsense,representational,becauseboththesensorimotorworldspaceandthementalworldspacearerealandexistinglandscapes.

    Nonetheless,thedistinctionisusefulinthissense:impressionism(bothconventionalandtranspersonal)isdepictingstatesthatarerelativelyobjectivetothepainter'sconsciousness,whileexpressionism(bothconventionalandtranspersonal)isdepictingstatesthatarerelativelysubjectivetothepainter'sconsciousness.

    Thatistrueforbothconventionalandtranspersonalart.Tofocusonthelatter:Inallcasesofgenuinetranspersonalartwhetherrealist,impressionist,orexpressionisttheartistisattemptingtodepictorconveysomespiritual,transrational,supraindividualstate,feeling,awareness,orinsight,throughthechosenmedium(music,painting,dance,poetry,etc.).Butwithtranspersonalexpressionism,thesestatesarestill"tooclose"tobeseenmoreobjectivelyorrealistically,andthusartistsoftenfeeltheyaretryingtoconveysomethingforwhichtheydon'tquitehavethevocabulary.Unliketranspersonalimpressionismandrealism,wheretheeventsorstatesareseenfairlyclearly,transpersonalexpressionismalwayshasasenseofastruggletoconvey.Occasionally,transpersonalexpressionismsimplycommunicatesstatesthatintrinsicallydonotlendthemselvestoobjective,impressionistic,orrealisticmodes.MuchofRumi'spoetrysomeofthepaintingofKandinsky,Mondrian,Malevich,andRothkoandmanyspiritualhymnsaregoodexamplesoftranspersonalexpressionism.

    Technicalpoint:thereasonthishasalwaysbeenanincrediblyslipperydistinctionimpressionismversusexpressionism,theformerbeingobjectiveandthelatterbeingsubjectiveisthatinthegrowthanddevelopmentofconsciousness,whatissubjectatonestagebecomesobjectatthenext.Thus,theinfantstartsoutidentifiedwithhisbodyhissubjectiveselfishissensorybodyhecannot"objectify"thebodyorseeitasanobject.Butwhenthemindemerges,thechildidentifieswithit:themindbecomesthenewsubject,whichcanthenwitnessthebodyasanobject.Whenthesoulemerges,itbecomesthenewselforsubject,whichcanthenwitnessboththemindandthebody.Finally,withtheemergenceofII,orthepureemptyWitnesswhichistheprimordialSelforAbsoluteSubjectivitythesoul,themind,andthebodycanallbeimpartiallywitnessed:onehasceasedidentifyingexclusivelywithanyofthem,sothatwithOneTasteonecanidentifyaswellwiththeentireworld.Ineachcase,wedisidentifywithalowerlevel(whichbecomesanobjectofawareness),identifywithahigherlevel(whichbecomesthenewselforsubjectofawareness),onlytoeventuallydisidentifywiththat.Thus,whatissubjectatonestagebecomesobjectatthenext,untilbothsubjectandobjectareexhaustedandOneTastealoneshines.(ThisisjustanotherexampleofWhitehead'sdynamicofprehension,whichIconsiderfundamental:thesubjectofthismomentbecomestheobjectofthenextmoment'ssubject.HumanmacrodevelopmentthebroadstagesofhumangrowthanddevelopmentfollowWhitehead'smicrodevelopmentthemomenttomomentunfoldingofexperienceaswewouldexpect,sincebotharesimplyexamplesofthemajordynamicofevolutionitself,whichistoholarchicallytranscendandinclude.)Butthismeansthatwhatartistsmightrenderexpressionistically(orsubjectively)atonestageoftheirdevelopment,theymightrendermorerealisticallyorimpressionistically(orobjectively)atthenextstagepreciselybecausetheirsubjectiveworldhasnowbecomemoreobjective:theyhavetranscendedtheearlierworldspacedisidentifiedwithit,detachedfromittosomedegreeandthustheycanseeitmoreclearly.Theyarenolongerexpressingalowersubject,butrealisticallylookingatitasanobject.Atthesametime,theyarenowidentifiedwiththenexthigherworldviewthenexthigherselforsubjectwhich,being"tooclose"toseeclearly,theywillmostlikelyhavetoexpressinsubjective,expressionistictones.Thisiswhythelinebetweenexpressionismandimpressionismisalwayssliding:thelinebetweensubjectiveandobjectiveislikewisesliding(thesubjectofonestageistheobjectofthenext).Still,itisausefuldistinction,andoneIwillretain.

    Traditionally,anartistwishingtodepictthetranspersonaldomainfirstenterstheappropriatestateofconsciousnesspsychic,subtle,causal,ornondualandthensimplydepictswhatheorshesees(usingthechosenmediumpoetry,music,dance,narrative,painting,etc.andaccordingtoachosenstyle).Thisresultsintranspersonalrealism,transpersonalimpressionism,ortranspersonalexpressionisminpoetry,music,dance,narrative,painting,andsoonacrossthetranspersonalspectrum.Butinallcasesofgenuinetranspersonalart,theartistenterstheappropriatehigherstateandthenattemptstoconveythatstateartistically.

    Themainpointofdoingsoisnotmerelyorevenespeciallyselfexpression,buttohelpelicitorevokethesehigherstatesintheviewersoftheart.Thisiswhyallmagnificentarthasamoraldepthtoit:ittalkstousfromourownhigherpossibilities,itpullsustoourowngreaterdestinies,itcallstousfromwhatwecanbecome.

  • 7/5/2015 ToSeeaWordSomeTechnicalPoints,byKenWilber

    http://www.integralworld.net/kiefer.html 4/6

    Transpersonalrealism,impressionism,andexpressionismarethethreemainstylesofauthentictranspersonalart(whetherexpressedinpoetry,music,dance,narrative,painting,etc.).Whatrendersthemauthenticisnotthecontentperse,butthedepthoftheartistconveyingthem.Tobeauthentic,theartistmustbespeaking,inwhateverstyle,directlyfromthehigherstateitself(psychic,subtle,causal,ornondual).Andacriticcanjudgethisifandonlyifthecriticisalivetothesehigherdomainsaswell.

    Thatgivesusagridofthreestylesacrossfourlevels,ortwelvedistinctivetypesofauthentictranspersonalart.ButbeforeIgiveexamplesofeach,thereisoneothermajorstyle,lessprofoundbutmuchmorecommon,thatneedstobediscussed,andthatistranspersonalsymbolism.

    Atranspersonalsymbolisasymbolwhoseactualreferentisinanyofthetranspersonallevelsorrealms.Wordslike"spirit,""buddhanature,""deity,"and"emptiness"arewrittensymbols(orsignifiers)ofactualrealities(orreferents)thatcanbeknowndirectlyinthetranspersonalrealmsofdevelopment.Butuntilthoserealitiesareexperienced,thewordsremainsymbolsonly.

    Itisoftensaidthatmysticalexperiencesareineffable.Absolutelynottrue.Orrather,nomoretruethanforanyotherexperience.Sexisineffable,thetasteofacakeisineffable,listeningtoBachmusicisineffable,watchingasunsetisineffable.Youknowtheactualmeaningofthosewords,notbylisteningtothewords,butbyhavingtheexperiencestowhichtheyrefer.IfIsay"orgasm,"andyou'vehadthatexperience,thenyouwillknowwhatthewordmeans.Ifnot,not.Likewisewith"spirit,""godhead,""cessation,""interiorluminosity"ifyouhavehadthoseexperiences,youwillknowwhatthosewordsmean.Ifnot,not.Wordsarejustasadequate,orinadequate,formysticismasforsexoranyotherexperienceit'sjustthatmysticalexperiencesarerarerthanorgasmsandsunsets,sopeoplesayyoucan't"talk"aboutthematall,whichissillyofcourseyoucan,ifyou'vehadtheexperience.ZenmasterstalkaboutEmptinessallthetime!,andtheyknowexactlywhattheymeanbythewords(andthewordsarequiteadequate),becausetheyhavehadtheexperience.

    Sowecansay:allexperiencesareequallyineffable,inthesensethatwordswillneversubstitutefortheexperienceitself(insex,sunsets,orsatori)butifyou'vehadtheparticularexperience,wordsdojustfineinsymbolicallyrepresentingthem(insex,sunsets,andsatori).Thekeyis:youmusthavetheexperiencetoknowwhatthewordsactuallymean(technically,youneedthedevelopmentalsignifiedinordertoknowthecorrespondingreferentoftheparticularsignifier).Asymbolorsign,inallcases,simplyrepresentsanexperienceinsomedomain(gross,subtle,orcausal).

    Thus,forexample,theword"sunset"representsanexperienceinthesensorimotorworldspace."Anger"representsanexperienceinthepranicoremotionalsexualworldspace."TheVirginMary"representsanexperienceinthemythicworldspace.Themathematicalsymbol"negativeone"representsanexperienceintherationalworldspace."Kundalini"isanexperienceinthepsychicworldspace.Thewords"completementalcessation"representanexperienceinthecausalworldspace.Andsoon.

    Thus,"transpersonalsymbolism"meansanysymbolorsignwhosereferentisinthetranspersonaldomains(psychic,subtle,causal,ornondual).

    Now,itisinthenatureofallsymbols(conventionalandtranspersonal)thattheydonotactuallylooklikethatwhichtheysymbolize.Thesymbol"dog"doesnotlooklikearealdog.Theword"Spirit"doesnotlooklikeSpirit.Symbols,remember,standfor(orrepresent)adirectexperience,andassuch,theythemselvesdonotlooklike,norcantheysubstitutefor,thatexperience.

    Inart,thisleadstoseveralimportantdistinctions.Let'ssaythatIwishtopaintapicturethatprotestshumanaggression.IfIdothisrealistically,Imightactuallypaint,say,afiringsquadshootingaman(asGoyadid).Thepaintinglooksmoreorlessliketherealscene.Itisnotsymbolic,itisrealist(orimpressionist).ButIcanalsodoasymbolicpainting,whichwilluseotherimagesinasymbolicfashionperhapsdovesfallingtotheirdeath,orheartswithswordspushedthroughthem,andsoon.ThesesymbolsdonotlookliketherealsituationIamprotesting,buttheystandfor,orsymbolicallyrepresent,whatIhaveinmind,namely,thehorrorsofhumanaggression.

    Thesameistruefortranspersonalrealismandtranspersonalsymbolism.Theformerlookslikewhatitdepicts,thelatterdoesnot.Thus,thepaintingofaluminoustunnelofvibrantlightextendingaboveandbeyondthecrownoftheheadisanexampleoftranspersonalrealism,becausethatisamoreorlessdirectdepictionofacommonexperienceinthesubtledomain.ButthehermeticdrawingsofRobertFludd,forexample,aremerelyatranspersonalsymbolismthedrawingslooklikenothingintheactualtranspersonaldomainstheyaremerely

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    mentalsymbolsrepresentingthefactthathigherdomainsexist,buttheydonotthemselvesnecessarilystemdirectlyorimmediatelyfromthosehigherdomains.

    Thisdistinctionbetweenrealismandsymbolismisimportantintranspersonalart,because1)themeaningofasymbolistheexperienceitstandsfor,2)transpersonalsymbolsstandforexperiencesinthetranspersonaldomains,3)fewpeoplehavethoseexperiences.Thatmeansthatmosttranspersonalartremainsmerelysymbolicformostpeopletheyknowonlythesymbols,nottheexperiencesthatgivetheactualmeaning.

    Sotranspersonalsymbolismis,asitwere,adiluted,weakerformoftranspersonalart.Itsymbolizeshigherrealms,butdoesnotitselfdirectlydepictthoserealms,becauseitlookslikenothinginthosehigherrealms.Itisamentalsymbolthatremindspeoplethattherearehigherrealms,butitgivesnoindicationwhatthosehigherrealmsareactuallylike.Forthisreason,transpersonalsymbolism(unlikerealism,impressionism,andexpressionism)doesnot,generallyspeaking,havethepowertoelicitthosehigherrealmsinviewers.Itisforgedinthementaldomainandremainsconfinedtothementaldomain,butatleastitpointstohigheranddeeperoccasions,andtothatextentisavalid,usefulformoftranspersonalart.

    Eachofthosefourstyles(realism,impressionism,expressionism,symbolism)canbeappliedtoeachofthefourmajortranspersonalrealms(psychic,subtle,causal,nondual).Thisgivesusagridofsixteentypesoftranspersonal(TP)art.Hereareafewquickexamplesfromseveralofthem:

    SymbolicMosttypicaltranspersonalart,myths,parables,andnarrativesaresymboliconlytheyarenotdirectdepictions(realistorimpressionist)ofthetranspersonaldomains,butmerelysymbolsthatsuggestorhintatthetranspersonaldomains.ThisisalsotrueformanyJungianarchetypesandcommonmythologicalmotifs.Ofcourse,notallmythsandarchetypesareevensymbolicofthetransrationalrealmsmost,infact,aresymbolicoftheprerationalrealms(aconfusionofwhichisstillrampantinspiritualcircles),andtheyexertnotatransgressivebutaregressivepullinconsciousness.Much"religioussymbolism"(MosespartingtheRedSea,theVirginbirth,theearthrestingonaHinduserpent,etc.)hasitsreferentinthemagicandmythicnotpsychicandsubtleworldviews.

    Nonetheless,authentictranspersonalsymbolismcanbefoundinmanyoftheTantras(EastandWest),whereextensivesymbolismisusedtorepresenthigherstagesoftranspersonaldevelopment.Likewise,the"emptycircle"drawnbyZencalligraphersisTPsymbolicofthecausal(orpurecessationthecircledoesnotlooklikeEmptiness,itmerelyrepresentsit).Similarly,"OneStroke"inTibetancalligraphy(asingle,bold,downwardmarkonthepaper)isTPsymbolicofAtiorthenondual.

    ImpressionistManymandalasareaTPimpressionismofthesubtledimension(incontemplation,theinwardeyeoftenperceivessymmetrical,billowing,luminouspatternsinotherwords,mandalasusuallytheseareimpressionistic,butinVajrayanatheyarerenderedinanextremelyrealistfashion,withminutelydetailedaspects,ascanbeseeninmostthangkapaintingsthesearenotsymbolic,theyarerealist,fortheydepictinnerrealitiesthatcanbedirectlyperceivedinmeditation).TheblueblackbackgroundofmanyTibetanthangkasisaTPimpressionismofthecausal(instatesofpurecessationorunmanifestabsorption,oneisdirectlyimmersedinavast,infiniteseaofunmanifestor"black"unbornreality,whichisoftenimpressionisticallyrenderedasablueblackcolorinthangkassimilarly,Samantabhadra,the"AtiBuddha,"isalwayspaintedblueblack,shornofallornamentsormanifestqualities,givingtheimpressionofnakedawareness).ThebestofZenlandscapesareaTPimpressionismofnondualSuchness(Suchnessisnotarealityapartfromotherrealitiesbutthe"isness"or"thusness"ofanyandalldomainsZenartistsoftendepictnatureinitssuchness,andtheydosoinimpressionistic,notharshrealist,terms,becausenatureitselfisnotSpiritbutamanifestationofSpiritspecifically,natureistheNirmanakaya,nottheDharmakaya,buttheformerisamanifestationofthelatterandthusafittingobjectofa"Suchnesspainting").

    ExpressionistMondrian,Kandinsky,Malevich,Brancusi,andRothkoareoftenaTPexpressionismofthementaltopsychicdimension(astheseartiststhemselvesmadeclear,theywereattemptingtoexpressinternalmentalstatesorideas,particularlyastheyvergedontranspersonal,spiritual,oruniversalthemes).SomeofBach,Mozart,andlaterBeethovenareaTPexpressionismofthesubtle(the"musicofthespheres").ThereisadualemotionaltoneinmanyZenlandscapes(calledsabiandwabi)thatisaTPexpressionismofEmptiness(whichisvaguelyintuitedandgivenamorphousexpressioninthesedualtones).

    RealistThechakrameridianmapsareaTPrealismofthepsychicdimension.Apaintingofthe"bluepearl"isaTPrealismofthesubtle(i.e.,thebluepearlisadirectandunmistakableperceptionincertainsubtlestagesofkundalinimeditation).AlexGrey,ErnstFuchs,andFantasticRealistsareTPrealistsinmanyinstances.Most

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    meditativetextsandsutrasareaTPrealism(descriptivephenomenology)ofthetranspersonalrealmstheyarenotsymbolic,theyarerealist!Andhere'sasuperbTPrealismofnondualSuchness(fromBasho):

    Stillpond,Afrogjumpsin,

    Plop!