Advantages to Organizations UsingE-Commerce, organizationcanexpandtheir market tonational andinternationalmarkets with minimumcapital investment. An organization can easily locate morecustomers, est suppliers and suitale usiness partners across the gloe. E-Commercehelps organization toreduce thecost tocreate process,distriute,retrieveand manage the paper ased in!ormation y digitizing the in!ormation. E-commerce improves the rand image o! the company. E-commerce helps organization to provide etter customer services. E-Commerce helps to simpli!y the usiness processes and make them !aster and e!!icient. E-Commerce reduces paper work a lot. E-Commerce increased the productivity o! the organization. "t supports #pull# type supplymanagement. "n #pull# type supply management, a usiness process starts when a re$uestcomes !rom a customer and it uses %ust-in-time manu!acturing way.Advantages to Customers &'x( support. Customer can do transactions !or the product or en$uiry aout anyproduct)services provided y a company any time, any where !rom any location. *ere &'x(re!ers to &' hours o! each seven days o! a week. E-Commerce application provides user more options and $uicker delivery o! products. E-Commerceapplicationprovides user more optionstocompare and selectthecheaperand etter option. A customer can put review comments aout a product and can see what others are uyingor see the review comments o! other customers e!ore making a !inal uy. E-Commerce provides option o! virtual auctions. +eadily availale in!ormation. A customer can see the relevant detailed in!ormation withinseconds rather than waiting !or days or weeks. E-Commerceincreasescompetitionamongthe organizationsandas resultorganizationsprovides sustantial discounts to customers.Advantages to ,ociety Customers need not to travel to shop a product thus less tra!!ic on road and low air pollution. E-Commerce helps reducing cost o!products soless a!!luent people can alsoa!!ord theproducts. E-Commerce has enaled access to services and products to rural areas as well which areotherwise not availale to them. E-Commerce helps government to deliver pulic services like health care, education, socialservices at reduced cost and in improved way.,ome disadvantages o! an e-usiness are given as under-Less security.he iggest ostacle in the growth o! e-commerce is the issue o! security. "nternet is not a secured mediumo! communication. .here are tools or options availale to hackers wherey they can not only monitor utalso control any data communicated over the internet. /articularly, people are not com!ortale whileproviding their !inancial in!ormation 0credit card no. etc.1 online due to the !act that this in!ormation can ehacked and misused.Less privacy.he nature o! internet technology is such that private in!ormation o! the online customers can e easilycollected and recorded on the server side. .he uying pattern o! a customer can e known to an e-shopwith the help o! certain sophisticated tools. 2ou know that cookies can e used to track customers online.On one hand these technologies are use!ul !or doing customization ut on the other, they can e said tohave caused the reach o! in!ormational privacy rights o! a person.No physical proximity with items purchased"n certain cases the customers cannot decide aout uying a thing e!ore they can physically examine it. 3orexample, a customer would ideally want to touch and !eel the texture o! a piece o! cloth e!ore uying.,imilarly, a customer would actually want to smell a per!ume e!ore purchasing it. "n the aove or anysimilar case, people cannot expect to physically examine)test the thing while uying it online. +ather, theywould pre!er to uy such things !rom physical shops. An e-usiness has a limitation in this regarDigital certificates[edit].he point o! a digital certi!icate is to identi!y the owner o! a document. .his way the receiver knows that it is an authentic document. Companies can use these certi!icates in several di!!erent ways. .hey can e used as a replacement !or user names and passwords. Each employee can e given these to access the documents that they need !rom wherever they are. .hese certi!icates also use encryption. .hey are a little more complicated than normal encryption however. .hey actually used important in!ormation within the code. .hey do this in order to assure authenticity o! the documents as well as con!identiality and data integrity which always accompany encryption.45'6 7igital certi!icatesare not commonly used ecause they are con!using !or people to implement. .here can e complications when using di!!erent rowsers, which means they need to use multiple certi!icates. .he process is eing ad%usted so that it is easier to use.45'6Digital signatures[edit]A !inal way to secure in!ormation online would e to use a digital signature. "! a document has a digital signature on it, no one else is ale to edit the in!ormation without eing detected. .hat way i! itis edited, it may e ad%usted !or reliaility a!ter the !act. "n order to use a digital signature, one must use a comination o! cryptography and a message digest. A message digest is used to give the document a uni$ue value. .hat value is then encrypted with the sender8s private key.45'6