TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Impact Descriptions...PV technology is a key component that is embedded in national programs. The CTCN assistance supports these plans through expert advice on

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Impact Descriptions

A selection of completed technical assistance examples

Table of Contents

Afghanistan: Identification of technology needs 2

Algeria: Design and construction of a ground-based photovoltaic plant 5

Antigua and Barbuda: Workforce development strategy for priority energy sectors 7

Bosnia and Herzegovina: Modernization of Banja Luka’s district heating system 9

Chile: Design of a national network for monitoring ecosystem resilience 11

Colombia: National system to monitor impact of adaptation efforts 13

Colombia: Policies for energy efficiency and renewable energy in industrial 15

and transport sectors

Côte d’Ivoire: Development of an environmental information system 17

Guinea: Optimising Guinea's access to climate change adaptation funding 19

Iran: Technical assistance for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Design and Manufacturing 21

Jordan: Strengthening capacity to access international financing 23

Mali: Identification of climate adaptation solutions in rural communities 25

Mali: Technology design and private sector investment in climate resilient crop 27

productivity in Mali

Mozambique: Feasibility study to use waste as fuel for cement factories 29

Swaziland: Building capacity for climate change science 31

Uganda: Developing a policy, legal and regulatory framework for geothermal energy 33

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION & MITIGATION Cross-sectoral

Afghanistan Applicant: National Environment Protection Agency of Afghanistan

National Designated Entity: Mr. Gulam Hassan Amiry, National Environment Protection Agency of Afghanistan

Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 39,950 USD

Planned by: UN Environment

Implemented by: UN Environment

CHALLENGE As a mountainous country, with dry lands and frequent droughts, Afghanistan experiences challenges regarding the availability of water, while also recognizing the landscape provides opportunities for utilization of renewable energy. The government of Afghanistan has therefore asked for assistance in identifying technology needs for three priority sectors: agriculture, energy and water resources.

IMPACT The government of Afghanistan now has at its disposal a compendium of technologies that can be instrumental to implementing its Nationally Determined Contributions. The roadmap and capacity building will inform new policies to be developed and will provide a solid basis for the country to conduct a Technology Needs Assessment and Technology Action Plan in 2017.

CTCN SUPPORT • Development of a planning roadmap for mainstreaming climate

technology priorities in key sectors • Creation of a compendium of climate technology options and

priority project concepts • Briefing papers and training materials to build capacity of policy

makers and other key stakeholders to incorporate climate technology priorities into national planning

Identification of technology needs

The Climate Technology Centre and Network promotes the transfer of climate technologies at the request of developing countries for energy-efficient, low-carbon and climate resilient development.

By connecting stakeholders with technology experts from around the world, the CTCN delivers customized capacity building and technical assistance aligned with national climate objectives.

CONNECTING COUNTRIES TO CLIMATE TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS

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The CTCN gratefully acknowledges the support of :

Afghanistan’s Nationally Determined Contribution to:

• Identification and mainstreaming of climate change adaptation technologies into the sectoral policies, strategies and development plans, and promotion of regional and international cooperation and coordination for adaptation technology transfer

THIS ASSISTANCE SUPPORTS

Learn more about CTCN technology transfer

Visit: www.ctc-n.org Email: [email protected] Follow:

The CTCN is the operational arm of the UNFCCC’s Technology Mechanism and is hosted by the United Nations Environment and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

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THE STORY

In order to develop its mitigation and adaptation options to climate change impacts, the government of Afghanistan asked CTCN for assistance in identifying technology needs in its three most vulnerable sectors, according to its National Adaptation Programme of Action.

The CTCN, with the expertise of the UN Environment Post Conflict and Disaster Management Branch, worked with the National Environment Protection Agency and other ministries to identify and advocate for suitable technologies for low-carbon and climate resilient development in agriculture, water, and energy. Three project concepts were developed as a result, namely a “Renewable Energy and Sustainable Rural Electrification Support Program”; a “Forestry Institutions, Restoration and Science Technology for Afghanistan” project; and a “Climate Early Warning Integrated Mountain System and Ecological Observatory”.

The assistance strengthened understanding of mitigation and adaptation technologies among policymakers, and therefore created a strong basis in the country for conducting the TNA/TAP and for the implementation of new technology initiatives to support sustainable development in Afghanistan.

What is climate technology? Any equipment, technique, practical knowledge or skills needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to climate change. This includes traditional, modern and high tech technologies.

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CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Renewable Energy

Algeria Applicant: Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables National Designated Entity: Mr. Noureddine Yassaa, Centre de Développement des Energies Renouvelables Duration: 10 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 49,642 USD

Planned by: Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN)

Implemented by: ECN

CHALLENGE Algeria has defined photovoltaic technology as one of the key technologies in its transition to a larger share of renewable energy in its energy mix. Algeria also wishes to build up its technical and organisational know-how regarding the implementation of PV projects as the Ministry of Energy prepares its plan for implementation of 4 gigawatt PV capacity in Algeria.

INTENDED IMPACT • Successful implementation of a 1 MW solar PV plant in

Boughezoul, a new town in Algeria • Facilitation of 13 000 MW PV installation target by 2030 • Reduction of transmission losses, CO2 emissions, NOx emissions,

and energy demand during peak usage • Job creation in the technology and construction industry

CTCN SUPPORT Technical advice on the engineering, procurement and construction phases of photovoltaic power plants in the country • Concept design for a 1 MW system • Plan that supports the project to completion

Design and construction of a ground-based photovoltaic plant




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Algeria’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: Algeria aims to produce 27 % of its electricity from renewable sources by 2030. Large scale deployment of PV technology is a key component that is embedded in national programs. The CTCN assistance supports these plans through expert advice on the engineering, procurement and construction of PV plants by means of an example plan for a 1 MW plant.





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THE STORY


Algeria requested support from the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) to assess the country's current solar PV capacity and suggest recommendations how to transit to a larger share of renewable energy. Due to its significant solar energy resources Algeria set ambitious targets to harness these potentials. The Ministry of Energy announced a tender for the implementation of 4 gigawatts of solar PV. The CTCN technical assistance provides guiding documentation for the EPC (Engineering, Procurement and Construction) of a 1 MW solar PV plant in the new town, Boughezoul. It is expected to serve as a pilot project to involve the Algerian industry and knowledge centres in the realisation of the country's solar energy transition. CTCN Consortium Partner Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) designed the intervention to facilitate cooperation among stakeholders in future projects and enable them to take project ownership through knowledge transfer. Successful application of the assistance provided will help the beneficiaries make hands-on experience and accelerate replication of similar projects to reach the national energy targets.


Antigua &

Barbuda

Applicant: Ministry of Agriculture, Housing, Lands and the Environment

National Designated Entity: Ms. Diann Black-Layne, Ministry of Agriculture, Housing, Lands and the Environment

Duration: 3 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 41,000 USD

Planned by: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL)

Implemented by: NREL

CHALLENGE

INTENDED IMPACT

CTCN SUPPORT

• In-country assessment of Antigua and Barbuda’s energy context, clean renewable energy deployment goals, current barriers, and possible policy, market or other solutions

• Recommendations for renewable energy technologies • Development of a workforce strategy identifying short,

medium, and long term actions for Antigua and Barbuda

Workforce development strategy for priority energy sectors




The island of Antigua and Barbuda currently generates nearly all of its electricity from imported fossil fuels, resulting in high costs and unnecessarily high amounts of greenhouse gas emissions.

• GHG emissions reduction as a result of a more diversified energy mix (greater use of solar PV and wind)

• Improved capacities of the Environment Division • Enhanced climate resiliency through the deployment of

hurricane resistant energy generation and off-grid technologies

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Antigua and Barbuda’s Nationally Determined Contribution to:

• Diversify its energy mix for less reliance upon fossil fuels

• Lower energy costs by increasing competition among energy providers and utilizing lower cost resources including renewable energy

• Encouraging economic development




The CTCN is the operational arm of the UNFCCC’s Technology Mechanism and is hosted by UN Environment and the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

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THE STORY

The CTCN’s assistance focused on facilitating an enabling environment in Antigua and Barbuda in order to help the island nation to reach its energy and climate goals such as reducing the public energy consumption and expenditures by 30% by 2020. CTCN partner, the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, provided recommendations to the Government regarding which technologies to target for deployment and possible policy support, including grid-tied and off-grid renewable energy technologies as well as mini-grids and energy storage, with special climate resilience consideration in terms of withstanding the possibility of increased hurricanes and supporting emergency systems, such as those of hospitals and clinics. The workforce strategy outlines the expected workforce distribution, a baseline skills profile of Antigua and Barbuda, and anticipated areas of skills shortages. The strategy provides a budget for programme development and implementation, and notes potential partner organizations, including regional and international finance and development institutions. Key focus areas were identified to guide the implementation of the workforce development strategy nationally. The strategy identifies necessary clean energy standards and credentials, national and regional institutions to support implementation.

Gender Considerations

The workforce strategy actively encourages the participation of women and under-represented groups in all sectors of the work-force. The Directorate of Gender Affairs; Community Development Division; and the Professional Organization for Women in Antigua and Barbuda are identified in the strategy as potential leads in the implementation and oversight of the engagement of women in Antigua and Barbuda's energy workforce development.

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CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Energy supply

Bosnia &

Herzegovina Applicant: City of Banja Luka

National Designated Entity: Faculty of Sciences, University of Banja Luka

Duration: 4 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 90,000 USD

Technical Assistance Planned by: UN Environment

Implemented by: UN Environment

CHALLENGE The district heating system in Banja Luka, which relies on the use of high cost crude oil, experiences significant energy loss during transmission and end-use. This causes the city to incur unsustainable debt, while also producing unnecessarily high amounts of green house gas emissions.

IMPACT The proposed CTCN strategy attracted interest from the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) in providing an investment package of 15 million euros for new biomass boilers, network upgrades, and other efficiency measures.

CTCN SUPPORT The CTCN developed an operational and investment strategy for the district heating system’s improved sustainability, including: • construction of new biomass boilers to reduce heavy fuel oil

consumption and generate heat with sustainable biomass (cheaper, renewable, and locally available);

• rehabilitation and replacement of key components in the distribution network to cut heat and water losses and reduce electricity consumption; and

• switching to consumption based metering and billing for improved quality of services and customer confidence.

Modernization of Banja Luka’s district heating system

The Climate Technology Centre and Network promotes the transfer of climate technologies at the request of developing countries for energy efficient, low-carbon and climate resilient development.



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Bosnia-Herzegovina’s Determined Contribution to:

• Introduce renewable energy sources in the existing district heating systems and to construct new district heating systems fuelled by renewable energy sources.

THIS PROJECT ADVANCES




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THE STORY By leveraging a relatively small CTCN technical assistance investment, the city of Banja Luka gained a strategy for significantly upgrading its district heating as well as financing to implement the proposed changes. The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) €15 million agreement includes investments in the modernisation of the heating infrastructure and the partial write-off of existing debts, the city government said in a statement. When completed, modernisation of the district heating system could reduce fuel consumption by 27%, equal to approximately 4,500 tonnes of crude oil. This would reduce emissions by 20,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide each year and €4.5 million in fuel savings for the city. Configuring the district heating system to be fully renewable has the potential to save over 50,000\teC02per year. Development and use of domestic energy resources such as biomass will bring additional economic and employment benefits for the local community.

What is climate technology? Any equipment, technique, practical knowledge or skills needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to climate change. This includes modern and traditional technologies

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Agriculture and forestry

Chile

Applicant: Ministry of Environment

National Designated Entity: Ms. Paulia Ulloa, National Council for Clean Production

Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 250,000 USD

Technical Assistance Planned by: Tropical Agricultural Research & Higher Education Center (CATIE); UNEP DTU Partnership Implemented by: CATIE; World Agroforestry Centre

CHALLENGE Chile’s economy relies heavily on the biological diversity of its terrestrial and marine resources. Climatic pressures threaten the ability of ecosystems to produce climate change mitigation and adaptation services. However, there has been little coordinated monitoring of ecosystem resilience in the face of a changing climate.

CTCN SUPPORT • Design of a national multi-scale and multi-institutional

monitoring network for biodiversity and ecosystem integrity • Development of standards and protocols for the monitoring of

biological and environmental variables, climate scenarios, network information sharing and related data management

• Recommendation for formal institutional arrangements and collaboration as well as logistical and operational requirements

Design of a national network for monitoring ecosystem resilience


By connecting stakeholders with technology experts from around the world, the CTCN delivers customized capacity building and technology solutions aligned with national climate objectives.


EXPECTED IMPACT • Better informed economic and environmental policies to further

protect Chile’s biodiversity

• Conservation of natural resources can offer the additional benefit that the carbon stored in these resources will not be released, contributing to mitigation of climate change.

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Chile’s Nationally Determined Contribution to:

• Implement concrete actions to increase resilience in the country, under the National Climate Change Adaptation Plan; and

• Strengthen the institutional background of adaptation in Chile.





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THE STORY Chile’s request to establish a monitoring network for ecosystem resilience in the face of climate change was the first technical assistance request that the CTCN received after its launch in 2014. The CTCN’s support focused on the first stage of establishment and operationalization of the National Monitoring Network through design of the system and removal of technical and technological barriers to its implementation.

The CTCN and its partners, the Tropical Agricultural Research and

“Thanks to CTCN’s collaboration, the Ministry of Environment marks today the design of a biodiversity monitoring network. This means not only achieving a landmark in the national context, but international as well, given that Chile will serve as a high quality observatory for biodiversity in a global climate change context. Furthermore, the implementation of the monitoring network means a technological leap that could benefit other countries in the region and beyond” - Mr. James Robinson, National Council for Clean Production, Chile

Higher Education Center and the World Agroforestry Centre, facilitated the establishment of an inter-sectoral steering committee by the Ministry of Environment and developed guidance on the identification of: information needs; existing available information and how to access it; information gaps; mapping of current actors in data gathering and analysis; and validation of the usefulness of existing hard- and software.

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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Cross-sectoral

Colombia

Applicant: Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

National Designated Entity: Mr. Rodrigo Suárez, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Duration: 14 months Status: Completed Budget: 249,260 USD Planned by: CATIE Implemented by: CATIE; UNEP DTU Partnership

CHALLENGE Colombia’s Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development has led a country-wide effort to create and use a system to track, monitor and evaluate adaptation actions. To accomplish this, the country required a methodology and indicators to better understand and compare results of efforts to adapt to climate change.

EXPECTED IMPACT • Increased national capacity to capture the extent to which

Colombia’s adaptation efforts lead to enhanced resilience to climate change, with a specific focus on agricultural, human health and transportation sectors. (In 2014, the agricultural sector had an estimated value of 3.6 billion USD).

• Improved decision-making will contribute to increasing the resilience of 53 million hectares of primary forest ecosystems and the life giving services they provide to climate change mitigation and adaptation

CTCN SUPPORT • Identification of good practices regarding the monitoring of

adaptation efforts globally and in Colombia • Design of a national monitoring system, with protocols and

baselines established for indicators • Identification of an institutional framework to host and implement

the monitoring system

National system to monitor impact of adaptation efforts




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Colombia’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: • Develop a national system of adaptation indicators

that allows the monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of adaptation measures

• Ensure that six priority sectors of the economy (transport, energy, agriculture, housing, health, and trade, tourism and industry) will include climate change consideration in their planning instruments





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THE STORY

This assistance helped Colombia to develop specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound (SMART) indicators to serve as the basis of country’s integrated adaptation monitoring system and protocol. The effort was lead by the Directorate of Climate Change of the Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development (MADS-DCC), in close coordination with the National Department of Planning (NPD), the Colombian Institute for Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) and the National Disaster Risk Management Unit (UNGR).

The result, facilitated by CTCN partners CATIE and the UNEP DTU Partnership, is a set of proposed indicators for adaptation, mainly oriented at measuring adaptive capacity and sensitivity to climate change, and classified according to the availability of data, the urgency to obtain information for decision-making and the difficulty in measuring and interpreting data. This information is accessible in real time through a web based platform created with Ministry of Environment funds and being used by municipal governments throughout the country to understand adaptation local impacts and make investment decisions.

The overall system is helping the country to report on adaptation outcomes and provides a practical platform for exchange and analysis of experiences with other countries, such as Costa Rica and Mexico. Colombia’s experience has now led to similar initiatives in Costa Rica and Honduras.

Indicators available on Colombia’s environmental website

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Cross-sectoral

Colombia


National Designated Entity: Mr. Rodrigo Suárez, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Duration: 6 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 60,000 USD

Planned by: Bariloche Foundation, supported by ECN and NREL

Implemented by: Bariloche Foundation, supported by ECN and NREL

CHALLENGE The government of Colombia has implemented national policies to promote increased adoption of energy efficiency measures and renewable energy sources. The would government would like to design a mechanism to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of its efforts and to explore additional types of incentives, in order to maintain economic growth while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

EXPECTED IMPACT • Contribution toward reaching Colombia’s national emission

reduction target (a 20 % reduction by 2030 against the business as usual scenario)

• Effective monitoring, evaluation and adjustment of incentive structures will economically benefit industries and stakeholders that commit to reducing their environmental and climate footprints

CTCN SUPPORT • Evaluation of the effectiveness of existing incentives in the

transport and industry sectors • Recommendation for other relevant incentives and actions • Development of monitoring and evaluation indicators

Policies for energy efficiency and renewable energy in Colombia’s industrial and transport sectors




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• Colombia’s Nationally Determined Contribution to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions by 20 % by 2030 compared to the business as usual scenario

• The Colombian Strategy for Low Carbon Development (ECDBC), and the Program for Promotion of Rational and Efficient Use of Energy (PROURE)





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THE STORY

Colombia, in its ambition to follow a path of sustainable development, has passed numerous laws, policies and action plans to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the energy sector. A key measure has been the creation of incentives for the private sector to invest in energy efficiency and renewable energy. However, the responses to these measures have been negligible, leading the country to the conclusion that an external assessment and revision of the policy tools would help to guide appropriate next steps.

CTCN partners Bariloche Foundation, the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) assessed the performance and efficiency of the economic incentives implemented in the industry and transport sectors by Resolution 186 in 2012 and identified a number of economic and institutional barriers to successful tax incentives, along with a lack of alignment of selected tools with sector targets and effective monitoring and evaluation. Based on these findings, the CTCN developed indicators and recommendations for revised energy policies. These recommendations have since directly contributed to the development of Colombia’s National Indicative Action Plan for Energy Efficiency 2017-2022.



Côte d'Ivoire


National Designated Entity: Mr. Kumassi Philippe Kouadio, Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 89,810 USD

Planned by: ENDA and the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF)

Implemented by: ENDA

CHALLENGE In Côte d’Ivoire, data on the impacts of climate change and natural disasters has typically been scattered or unavailable to the public. The government therefore sought to develop an environmental information system (EIS) to coordinate important data and enable sound planning and decision making.

IMPACT The government launched the environmental information system which now enables the coordination of multifaceted environmental data. It is expected that the system will facilitate more informed decision making and planning for key economic and societal sectors of Côte d'Ivoire.

CTCN SUPPORT • Training on the environmental information system framework • Elaboration of specific indicators relevant to climate change • Development of a sustainable and cost-efficient data collection

strategy • Recommendations for technology options for the design and use

of the EIS hosting platform

Development of an environmental information system




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• Côte d'Ivoire ’s Nationally Determined Contribution to develop a system to manage environmental information

• The National Program for Development 2016-2020, which requires collection of reliable and timely data before any national decision-making

• Côte d'Ivoire ’s aim to adapt farming calendars according to updated climate data as per their Technology Needs Assessment (TNA)

THIS ASSISTANCE ADVANCES




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THE STORY

In search for effective solutions to mitigate and adapt to the effects of climate change, up-to date data on the state of the environment and national development are key to monitor changes in critical parameters and enable knowledge-based decision making. However, Côte d’Ivoire has faced a lack of environmental and natural resource data. This lack of sufficient, timely and adequate information frequently resulted in delayed or uninformed decision-making that negatively impacted environmental, societal, and economic sectors.

The Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development of Côte d’Ivoire took the initiative to develop a Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) platform that aims to prevent and/or cope with the potential threats of climate variations. In order to function, this platform required data to be available through an environment management system.

CTCN partners ENDA and ICRAF worked closely with government stakeholders to deliver training, develop environmental indicators, propose a sustainable data collection strategy and finally, to explore technology options for the design and use of the EIS hosting platform. Through its different features, the system aims to provide environmental information for a range of sectors that can contribute to environmental monitoring and meet the needs of policy makers for decision making.

Côte d’Ivoire’s environmental info system


Guinea

Applicant: Direction Nationale de l’Environnement National Designated Entity: Mr. Mamady Kobélé Keita, Direction Nationale de l’Environnement Duration: 7 months Status: Completed Budget: 142,715 USD Planned by: Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA) and UNEP-DHI Implemented by: Group for the Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity (GERES)

CHALLENGE The Republic of Guinea has put together a series of policies aiming to improve people's resilience in the face of the harmful effects of climate change. Implementation of the project ideas and strategies for adapting to climate change is, however, still very limited due to lack of the expertise needed to put together "bankable" projects that can be financed by climate donors.

INTENDED MPACT • Creation of a “community of specialists” within national institutions

and organizations able to identify and design bankable adaptation projects (30 people trained);

• Greater ability to finance implementation of national climate change strategies and plans.

CTCN SUPPORT • Identify opportunities and facilitate introductions with public and

private sector financiers; • Train national climate technology project developers to mobilise

public and private sector financing; • Support access to finance of specific adaptation technologies

including planning, ecosystem restoration and conservation plans; improved weather forecasting and hydro meteorological networks; and increasing crop resilience and productivity.

Optimising Guinea's access to climate change adaptation funding




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Guinea’s Nationally Determined Contribution to address local consequences of climate change. Guinea’s NDC stresses that adaptation is vital to reduce the costs and damage that climate change is anticipated to cause. However, the estimated funding deficit for adaptation is around $2 billion for the period 2015-2030.





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THE STORY


The Republic of Guinea has put together a series of policies to adapt to climate change, including the National Adaptation Plan of Action (NAPA), the Initial National Communication and, more recently, their Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC). Their implementation is however, still very limited due to lack of "bankable" projects that can be financed by climate donors.

The Climate Technology Centre engaged two Network members, Environment, Renewable Energy and Solidarity (GERES), and the Green Technology Centre of Korea (GTCK) to assist Guinea to overcome this barrier. Collaboration was undertaken with the Guinean Ministry of Environment, Water and Forests; other Ministries (Agriculture, Fishing, Energy and Hydraulics, Decentralization, Urban and Spatial Planning, Meteorology Department, National Scientific and Technical Research Department), as well as the Guinean Agronomic Research Institute, APG-BTC and Guinee Ecologie to develop a capacity building strategy.

Five high-potential adaptation projects/programmes were identified and a community of 30 “champions” from several institutions were trained and coached over a 3 month period to consolidate robust, well-argued concept notes. The finalized project ideas were then presented to international donors. Each project has a specific roadmap for next steps and donor follow-up.

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Renewable Energy

Iran Applicant: Noursun Energy Aria

National Designated Entity: Mr. Seyed Ali Akramifar , Presidency Center for Innovation and Technology Cooperation Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 50,000 USD

Planned by: Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

Implemented by: Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands

CHALLENGE Iran has high potential for solar photovoltaic (PV) energy production and prospects for supply of materials for solar cell production, but was in need of technical assistance for design and manufacturing of advanced solar cells.

INTENDED IMPACT • Increased awareness and technical capacity for the selection and

application of solar PV manufacturing technologies; • Enhanced capacity to seek financial resources for pilot

manufacturing of solar PV technologies; • Long-term support for solar photovoltaic production and

application in Iran; • Long-term job and market creation within the solar PV industry.

CTCN SUPPORT • Capacity building and technical advice to guide the development of

lran's solar PV manufacturing industry; • Technical assessment of photovoltaic manufacturing technologies,

material supply, and knowledge infrastructure suitable for the Iranian context.

Technical assistance for Photovoltaic Solar Cell Design and Manufacturing




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Iran’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: - Mitigating of greenhouse gas emissions in 2030 by 4% compared to the business as usual scenario; - Increase use of renewable and alternative energy resources





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THE STORY Iran requested support from the Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) to assess the country's current solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity and provide recommendations on the construction of a medium sized solar photovoltaic plant. This initiative has the potential to contribute to substantial GHG emission reductions and manufacturing of renewable energy technologies.

The Ministry of Energy of Iran, together with the Iran Renewable Energy Organization and Noursun Energy, recognized that the country has a high potential for solar irradiation and prospects for supply of materials for solar cell production, but was in need of technical assistance for design and manufacturing of advanced solar cells. While there were Iranian companies engaged with the manufacturing of solar PV equipment and components, they experienced limited energy efficiency of the equipment and limited national market shares.

The CTCN, together with the Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands, assessed current PV production capacity in Iran; prepared a study on the supporting drivers provided by the Iranian government; developed a gap analysis to define the necessary technology level for production of PV cells and panels; and advised on the solar cell type to be produced locally including a solar cell and panel roll out scenario.


Jordan

Applicant: Ministry of Environment

National Designated Entity: Mr. Hanadi Marie, Ministry of Environment

Duration: 8 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 55,500 USD

Planned by: UNEP DTU Partnership

Implemented by: UNEP DTU Partnership

CHALLENGE Jordan has recently completed its Technology Needs Assessment (TNA), but required capacity building for technical employees in the Ministry of Environment as well as relevant NGOs and consultancies, to develop these ideas into fundable proposals relevant to both domestic and international funding.

INTENDED IMPACT • Increased financing available to deploy technology priorities that

address Jordan’s climate challenges • One adaptation project/programme concept note on Rangeland

rehabilitation • One electric bus project/programme concept note • Potentially one proposal on household energy

CTCN SUPPORT • Feedback on project idea notes (including by the Green Climate

Fund National Designated Entity) • Targeted 5 day training for 26 engineers and civil society actors to

develop understanding of finance mechanisms and climate change project proposals development

• Feedback provided for participants’ draft concept notes

Strengthening capacity to access international financing




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Jordan’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: • Develop the National Strategy and Action

Plan for Transitioning towards the Green Economy in Jordan 2016-2025





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THE STORY

Following the project ideas identified in its Technology Needs Assessment, Jordan requested support from the CTCN to enhance the skills of ministerial staff and relevant stakeholders from the civil society in preparing proposals for international funding.

CTCN partner, the UNEP DTU Partnership, organized an intensive 5-day theory-practice based training course for 26 government and NGO participants. The course was structured into technical input-sessions followed by group discussion and exercise to develop detailed climate adaptation and/or mitigation project concept notes. The training concluded with presentations of participants’ work to Green Climate Fund (GCF) Accredited Entities, enabling valuable feedback and potential collaboration for official submission to the GCF.

After the course, the course experts provided iterative feedback over a period of 5 months on the concept notes prepared by the groups.

As a result, Jordan currently has two advanced versions of GCF proposals ready to be presented to accredited entities: one related to electric buses and the other focusing on rangeland rehabilitation.

CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Agriculture and forestry

Mali

Applicant: National Meteorology Agency

National Designated Entity: Mr. Birama Diarra, National Meteorology Agency

Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 63,250 USD

Planned by: Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA)

Implemented by: ENDA

CHALLENGE Mali is facing serious challenges as a result of climate change, including the deterioration of agricultural, forestry and pastoral productivity, which are the country's main sources of livelihood. While significant progress has been made in establishing national policies and programmes, there is further need to identify, pilot and scale-up practical solutions for local rural communities.

INTENDED IMPACT • Strengthened knowledge of climate change-related problems and

practical adaptive solutions by local communities • Improved climate resilience of Mali’s agro-ecosystems • Enhanced wellbeing and climate resilience of communities,

particularly of marginalized groups (youth, women, migrants, etc.)

CTCN SUPPORT Development and dissemination of an easy-to-use reference guide on practical technology solutions to adapt agricultural, forestry and pastoral practices to a changing climate, tailored to each agro-ecological zone of Mali.

Identification of climate adaptation solutions in rural communities




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Mali’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: • Address climate change challenges relevant to

agriculture • Implement a technological action plan for

adaptation and mitigation, as well as mobilization of local authorities, communities and vulnerable groups, to increase their resilience to climate change by 2020





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THE STORY Mali has developed policies, strategies, plans and programmes to help address climate change adaptation and mitigation at decentralized and communal levels. Achieving the overall objectives require high impact and low cost climate technologies that strengthen the resilience of vulnerable communities and meet clean development goals. The effective participation of rural populations, particularly women and youth, is vital to the success of these efforts. With this in mind, the government of Mali requested assistance in the identification of a range of appropriate climate technologies for each of the agro climatic zones of Mali.

CTCN partner, ENDA, developed a ready-to-use reference guide, in both Bamanankan and French languages, which provides practical concepts, approaches, methods and tools as well as an array of technological solutions in the agriculture sector, with co-benefits for the energy, forestry and water sectors. These guides are tailored to local farmers and agricultural extension workers, with user-friendly images and practical terminology and diagrams throughout. The guide also contains information on the typology of climate hazards, exposure and sensitivity to help the Malian government manage disaster risks associated with droughts and floods. The CTCN also prepared key recommendations and steps to help the Malian government in the development of a funding proposal to enable large-scale deployment of the practical technology solutions detailed in this guide on a pilot basis together with local communities.

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CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Agriculture and Forestry

Mali

Applicant: Action Group for the Modernization of Agriculture

National Designated Entity: Mr. Birama Diarra, National Agency of Meteorology (Mali – Meteo)

Duration: 8 months Status: Completed

Budget: 75,070 USD

Technical Assistance Planned by: ENDA Implemented by: ENDA; Climate Technology Initiative Private Financing Advisory Network

CHALLENGE In Mali, climate variability threatens agricultural productivity and farmer livelihoods. Current methods of crop conservation lead to significant waste in the value chain, and weaken farmers' access to markets, reducing their revenues. Local entrepreneurs seek to install solar photovoltaic-powered processing and storage technologies to improve productivity and resilience, yet lack financial means to do so.

INTENDED IMPACT • Improved agricultural productivity and availability of crops in

local/international markets • Greater resilience in the agricultural sector – accounting for 45%

of Mali’s GDP • Private sector investment in deployment of crop drying and

storage technologies based on renewable energy

CTCN SUPPORT • Review and advice on appropriate crop drying and storage

technologies for local conditions • Strengthen project financial case, including the business plan

and the cash flow model, and coach the entrepreneur • Identify and facilitate private investors and partners

Technology design and private sector investment in climate resilient crop productivity




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Mali’s Nationally Determined Contribution to:

• Develop a smart and resilient agriculture, including the use of renewable energies.

• Mali is a carbon sink country who relies mainly on the reduction of GHG emission from agricultural (29%) and energy (31%) sectors.

THIS PROJECT ADVANCES:




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THE STORY

The Action Group for Modernisation of Agriculture (GAMA), in Southern Mali aims to improve farming stability in the face of increasing vulnerability of crop production due to climate change. A key component of their strategy was to introduce renewable energy technologies for drying, processing and storage of mangoes, potatoes and gombo. Used at sufficient scale, these technologies increase shelf life and availability of the product at market, thereby increasing resilience and food security. The project had considerable potential to attract private sector financing, but the upfront investment constituted the main obstacle, and investors were not convinced of its bankability.

This CTCN technical assistance was led by the Private Financing Advisory Network (PFAN) of the Climate Technology Initiative (CTI), in collaboration with Environment and Development Action in the Third World (ENDA). PFAN and ENDA specialists worked with GAMA to address the technical and financial barriers faced in implementing their ambitious project, as well as to showcase the bankability of this type of initiative. This technical assistance included providing recommendations on appropriate technology options; development of a business plan and cash flow model; an independent feasibility audit; training on investor negotiations; and facilitation of investor meetings. With this work in place, local stakeholders were able to gain the capacity to make a compelling case for investment from national or international financiers.

What is climate technology? Any equipment, technique, practical knowledge or skills needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to climate change. This includes modern and traditional technologies.

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CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Waste management

Mozambique Applicant: Ministry of Earth, Environment and Rural Development

National Designated Entity: Mr. Antonio Jorge Raul Uaissone, Ministry for Science and Technology

Duration: 12 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 50,000 USD

Planned by: UNEP DTU Partnership

Implemented by: UNEP DTU Partnership

CHALLENGE

INTENDED IMPACT

CTCN SUPPORT • Technical feasibility study on the potential and requirements for

applying refuse derived fuel at cement factories • Economic feasibility study of such fuel and its usage in cement

factories • Assessment of the current legal and regulatory framework for

promoting waste to energy • Development of a measuring, reporting and verifying system

covering the production and use of refuse derived fuel in cement factories, quality aspects and GHG emissions.

Feasibility study to use waste as fuel for cement factories




Management and utilization of municipal solid waste as a fuel is a means to minimize methane emissions, avoid unhealthy living conditions near landfills, and to potentially commoditize waste as an energy source. Transforming waste to energy for the cement sector is a national priority in Mozambique.

According to the analysis, this technology has the potential to reduce 22,979 tCO2e/year by 2040. However, its application will require enhanced waste management and financial support in order to be technically feasible and financially viable.

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Mozambique’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: • A mitigation reduction target of 76.5

MtCO2eq in the period from 2020 to 2030





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THE STORY

CTCN partner, UNEP DTU Partnership, provided technical assistance to determine the feasibility of the production of refuse derived fuel from municipal solid waste for use in cement factories in Mozambique, with a focus on two urban cities: Maputo and Matola.

The feasibility study showed that the use of refuse derived fuel is technically possible for cement factories and a number of enabling actions and conditions for such application were been identified.

However, the use of municipal solid waste for fuel production would not be economically feasible as its revenues would have to compete with natural gas prices, currently the main fuel utilized by cement producers. Various measures were highlighted which could improve the economic performance of a refuse derived fuel plant such as introducing a gate fee/waste handling tariff for waste disposal and partnering with alternative financing institutions like development banks.

Guidance was also provided on the legal and regulatory environment including that renewable energy policies in Mozambique should consider including waste as a suitable energy resource, in order to allow waste to energy projects access to relevant financial instruments, such as investment incentives, tax benefits, access to the electricity grid and competitive electricity tariffs.

Finally, strengthening social sustainability and inclusion, particularly with regard to informal sector waste workers into formal waste activities was strongly encouraged.



Swaziland Applicant: Coordinating Assembly of NGOs (CANGO) National Designated Entity: Mr. Bafana Simelane, Ministry Tourism and Environmental Affairs, Meteorology Department Duration: 9 months

Status: Completed

Budget: 50,000 USD

Planned by: UNEP-DTU Partnership

Implemented by: UNEP-DTU Partnership

CHALLENGE Climate change negatively impacts key economic sectors of Swaziland, including energy, water, agriculture, forestry, and human health. Low awareness of climate change by non-governmental organizations poses a barrier to effectively addressing these impacts. Climate change education, training and public awareness of national climate change technology challenges and priorities are crucial building blocks in remedying these challenges.

INTENDED IMPACT • 44 civil society representatives from 37 different organizations

trained • Creation of a climate change task force for all NGOs in Swaziland • Increased understanding of climate change and an improved

capacity to incorporate a climate change response into NGO programmes.

CTCN SUPPORT Workshop for civil society participants on: • Mitigation and adaptation technologies • National climate change related priorities • Proposal development and funding sources • Creation of a 'Civil Society Climate Change Task Team' for

coordination and implementation

Building capacity for climate change science




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Swaziland’s Nationally Determined Contribution to: • Reduce vulnerability to the impacts of

climate change by building adaptive capacity

• Facilitate the integration of climate change adaptation into relevant new and existing policies, programmes and activities





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THE STORY


Swaziland’s economic sectors are negatively affected by climate change impacts. For example, the 2015 - 2016 drought caused dramatic losses in agricultural production and livestock. However, Swaziland’s civil society has a relatively low awareness of climate change issues and actions to employ to reduce the severity of climate change impacts. Climate change is currently not adequately entrenched into NGO activities, and as a result, opportunities to benefit from technological and scientific expertise are missed out on.

The CTCN training workshop aimed to build awareness of and capacities related to climate change science, including mitigation and adaptation technologies. 44 civil society representatives participated in the training, which also introduced various sources of climate funding and proposal development to enable access to the technologies. Furthermore, the workshop provided a platform for exchange between government officials and civil society in order to provide mutual feedback and discuss national priorities for policies and actions.

A Climate Task Force comprised of civil society members and focal points from both the Ministry of Tourism and Environmental Affairs and National Climate Change Committee was established. The purpose of this Task Force is to coordinate efforts and support the implementation of climate change work amongst civil society organisations in Swaziland.

CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION Energy supply

Uganda

Applicant: Ministry of Energy and Mineral Development

National Designated Entity: Mr. Maxwell Otim Onapa, Uganda National Council of Science and Technology

Duration: 12 months Status: Completed Budget: 194,000 USD

Technical Assistance Planned by: UN Environment & National Renewable Energy Laboratory

Implemented by: Carbon Counts

CHALLENGE Geothermal technology has a great potential to provide affordable, efficient, large scale, renewable power to Uganda. However, there is a lack of a clear and coherent geothermal policy, legal and regulatory framework to promote and facilitate geothermal energy production in the country.

INTENDED IMPACT Once an appropriate policy and legal framework has been implemented, the development of 100 MW of geothermal energy production can provide a clean, secure, reliable and affordable source of power for over 500,000 households.

CTCN SUPPORT • Review and analysis of global experiences in geothermal

energy development to convey key recommendations for policy, legal and regulatory development

• Wide consultation with government, industry, donors, financiers and local communities to identify their needs and concerns regarding geothermal energy development in Uganda

• Formulation of a policy, law and institutional framework that enables sound governance of the geothermal energy production while attracting private sector investments

Developing a policy, legal and regulatory framework for geothermal energy




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Uganda’s Nationally Determined Contribution to:

• Promote a national target for renewable electricity generation capacity of at least 3,200 megawatt by 2030

• Geothermal energy and electricity production are expected to play a key role in meeting the national target





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THE STORY Based on favourable geological conditions, the Government of Uganda has been pursuing a strategy for geothermal energy for a number of years. In 2014, a key step forward was achieved with the restructuring of the Ministry of Energy & Mineral Development and the establishment of the Geothermal Resources Department within the Directorate of Geological Survey and Mines. Reinforcing the Department’s capacity is considered vital to creating an enabling environment for geothermal energy production. In part, this can be achieved by more clearly identifying its role in terms of its mission, policy and legal mandate, structure and competencies to support technical awareness and investments in geothermal energy production. As a response to this vital demand, the CTCN Technical Assistance supported the development of a geothermal energy policy for Uganda, as well as a proposed institutional structure and draft geothermal energy law. Establishing such an enabling environment through a revised and improved policy and regulatory framework will strengthen Uganda’s position to attract finance for large scale investments in geothermal technologies and contribute to greater energy security as well as the country’s continued economic and climate friendly development for years to come.

What is climate technology? Any equipment, technique, practical knowledge or skills needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and/or adapt to climate change. This includes modern and traditional technologies




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Documents

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE Impact Descriptions...PV technology is a key component that is embedded in national programs. The CTCN assistance supports these plans through expert advice on