TECHNICAL TEXTILES

SUBJECT:ADVANCED TEXTILES AND FINISHES

UH06CTCL03

CLASS: T.Y.B.Sc.(Home), Textiles and Clothing

Presented by,

Ms. ALPANA SHAH

Associate Professor,

Textiles and Clothing,

S.M.Patel College of Home Science

Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat

DEFINITION:

It is defined as the textile materials and products manufactured primarily

for their technical performance and functional properties rather than their

aesthetic or decorative characteristics, as stated by Memon &

Zaman(2007).

Nemoz(2001), defined as, “Technical textiles are materials

meeting high technical and quality requirements( mechanical, thermal,

electrical, durability…….) giving them the ability to offer technical

functions.

MAIN PROCESSES OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES ARE

i) Knitting

ii) Weaving

iii) Braiding

iv) Nonwoven

v) Tufting

MAJOR WAYS AND TECHNIQUES TO PRODUCE TECHNICAL TEXTILES

i) Thermo forming

ii) Three- dimensional weaving

iii) Three- dimensional knitting

iv) Fabrics produced by Nanotechnology

v) Heat-set synthetics

vi) Finishing treatments such as water resistance coatings & holographic

laminates

vii) Hand-made elements such as stitch or appliqué

MATERIALS USED FOR MAKING TECHNICAL TEXTILES

Metals, like steel

Minerals, like asbestos and glass

Synthetic polymers, like PES, PA, PAN, PP etc.

Regenerated fibers, like rayon, acetate

Natural fibers, like cotton, jute, wool etc.

CLASSIFICATION OF TECHNICAL TEXTILES

TECHNICAL TEXTILES

Agrotech Buildtech Clothtech Geotech Indutech Medtech

Mobiltech Hometech Oekotech Packtech Protech Sportt

ech

AGROTECH

Agrotech also called as Agrotex ,refers to the woven, nonwoven and knitted textiles used for

agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, horticulture, landscaping and fish farming. These

textiles have to be strong, elongated, stiff, biodegradable, resistant to sunlight & toxic

environment.

Classification of Agro textile

Hail protection Wind control Weed protection/ Sunshade Insect

fabrics fabrics landscape fabrics fabrics repellant fabrics

Temperature control Rain protection Cold and frost control

fabrics fabrics fabrics

Hail protection fabrics- maintains soil humidity and increases soil temperature, thus ,

extends the growing season.

Wind control fabrics- protects buildings used for rearing cattle, sheep, goat and pig.

Weed protection fabrics- control weed by ground covering fabrics thus avoiding use of

harmful chemicals/ pesticides and herbicides.

Sunshade fabrics- as shade fabric for vegetable, horticulture and animal husbandry.

Insect repellant fabrics- protects vegetables and fruits, crops against bird and insect damage.

Rain protection fabrics- protects flowers and berries from damage on rainfall.

Cold and frost control fabrics- protects low growing, high value field crops from frosts, wind, cold and birds.

Temperature control fabrics- maintains temperature and humidity of crops, fruits andvegetables during storage and transportation.

FIBRE USED PRODUCTS MANUFACTERED

Jute Protective agro nets

Coir Geomat, mulch, geotextiles, cords, ropes,

lines

Hemp Agro nets, lines

Polyester Belts, shade nets, wind breakers

Nylon Geomat, composite drains, wind breakers,

high temperature resistant

Polypropylene Mulch mats, vegetable/ fruit bags,

sunscreen, tree wrapper, protective nets,

bird net, wind shield, packing sacks.

AGROTECH

BUILDTECH

Build tech also known as Buildtex, refers to the woven, nonwoven and knitted textiles

used in construction and architectural applications for building insulation, wiring

covers, pool liners and covers, venetian blinds, duct tape, gaskets and seals, wall

coverings, noise pollution, protection against the sun, building safety, façade foundation

system in order to control vibration and avoid damage in RCC structure.

FIBRE USED : Cotton, Nylon, Polyester ,glass fiber, PES

FABRICS USED: PVC coated high tenacity PES, Teflon coated glass fiber fabrics

or silicon coated PES specially used football stadia, airports and

hotels.

BUILDTECH

CLOTHTECH

Clothtech refers to the woven, nonwoven and knitted textiles that

represents functional, most often hidden components, of

clothing and footwear such as sewing thread, collar and cuff

interlinings, shoulder pads, wadding in jackets, in shoe soles

insulating fiberfill. Especially in the finishing process where

fabric is treated under pressure and high temperature the

technical textile supports the fabric for smooth processing.

FIBERS USED: Blends of polyester, modal, viscose, nylon etc.

GEOTECH

Geotextiles refers to woven, nonwoven and knitted type of fabrics placed between the soil

and a pipe, galsion or retaining wall, to enhance water movement and retard soil movement.

It also acts as an blanket to add reinforcement in embankments and separation.

FIBRES USED PRODUCTS

Jute Geomat, geotextiles

Coir Geomat

Polyester Geomat, geo grid, geotextiles, geo-rganthetics,

composite drain

Acrylic Geomat, geo grid

Nylon Geomat, composite drain

Polypropylene Geomat, geo net, geo cell

PROPERTIES:

1. It possess grab strength and thickness.

2. Geo textiles should have low moisture absorption capacity.

3. It should be air and water permeable.

4. Geo textiles should be biodegradable.

5. It should possess superior drapability and flexibility.

APPLICATION:

1. Woven geo textiles are used for coastal works, waterways, embankments and in

forming geo cell for roads.

2. Nonwoven geo textiles are used for filtration, drainage, reinforcement between soil,

stone , as erosion prevention and separation in roads and railway works, as filter

fabric in dams, under drainage system liners for pile foundation etc.

3. Knitted geo textiles are used as bags for protection of dams, riverbanks.

HOME TECH

Home tech refers to woven, nonwoven and knitted fabrics meant for interior decoration and

furnishing in upholstery, wall décor, window treatments, bedroom ensembles, carpets,

quilted blanket, bathrooms in home, institutes, offices.

FIBER USED : Jute, cotton, polyamide , mod acrylic

FABRICS USED: Mostly fire retardant fabrics may be by using fire retardant fibers

or by coating the fibers with fire retardant additives( bromides of

phosphorus compounds.

INDU TECH

These are the Industrial Textiles, also known as Indutex. Indut ech refers to woven,

nonwoven and knitted fabrics used as part of industrial processes or incorporated in

some way into industrial products. They are used in different ways by many Industries

for activities such as separating and purifying industrial products, cleaning gases and

effluents, transporting materials between processes and acting as substrates for abrasive

sheets and other coated products.

FIBER USED: Carbon, E-glass, Cotton, Polyamide, Polyester, Poly propylene

They range from lightweight nonwoven filters, knitted nets and brushes to heavyweight

coated conveyor belts. Silk-screen printing, filtration, plasma screens, propulsion

lifting/ conveying equipment, sound-proofing elements, melting processes, roller

covers, grinding technology, insulations, seals, fuel cell.

MED TECH

Med tech refers to woven, nonwoven and knitted fiber construction ,as an implantable, non

implantable, extra corpeal device , health care and hygiene used in medical area. They

include all the medical fabrics that are used in health and hygiene applications in both

consumer and medical markets.

FIBERS USED : 1. Non implantable: Cotton, Silk, Lyocell, Viscose, Chitosan, Polyamide,

Plastic film, Polypropylene, Carbon, Glass, Polylactide, Polyglydid

2. Implantable fibers: Collagen, Chitin, Polyester, Polyamide,

Polyethylene, Silicon, Polyglycolide, Polylactide, Polyacetyl

3. Extracorpeal device: hollow viscose, hollow polyester, hollow

propylene, hollow silicon

4. Health care and hygiene: cotton, lyocell, viscose, polyester,

polyamide, glass, polypropylene, polyethylene.

Non implantable textile fibers: are used for absorbent pad, wound contact layer, gauze

dressing, orthopedic bandages, compression bandages, etc.

Implantable textiles fibers: are used for artificial skin, artificial ligaments, biodegradable

sutures, artificial tendons, vascular grafts, heart valves, artificial joints and bones, etc.

Extra corpeal device fibers: are used for artificial kidney, artificial liver and mechanical

lung to supply fresh blood, fresh plasma and fresh oxygen.

Health and hygiene fibers: are used for surgical gowns, surgical caps, surgical hosiery,

blankets, pillow cases, absorbent layer, outer layer etc.

PACKTECH

Packtech are the Packaging Textiles, also known as Packtex. It refers to woven, nonwoven

and knitted fabrics used for making of packaging materials like bags, cords, twines,

ropes, soft luggage, slings, tapes, films and sheeting's.

These Textiles have been used for packaging since ages. It ranges from heavyweight woven

fabrics used for bags, packaging sacks, Flexible Intermediate Bulk Carriers (FIBCs)

and wrappings for textile bales and carpets to the lightweight nonwovens used as

durable papers, tea bags and other food and industrial product wrappings.

FIBERS USED: Cotton, Jute, Polyester, Polyamide

PROTECH

Protech are the Protective Textiles that refers to woven, nonwoven and knitted fabrics that are used as a part or whole to make protective textiles such as flame retardant textiles, gloves, tarpaulin, sleeping bags, protective clothing, warm textiles, high temperature resistant fabrics, clean room textiles, etc.

Protection against heat and radiation for fire fighter clothing against molten metals for welders, for bullet proof jackets or for chemical protective textiles are made with the help of specialty fibers such as aramid fibers used in making of bullet proof jacket,glass fibers used in fire proof jackets etc. Sometimes the protective textiles is also coated with special chemicals, for example, when used in manufacturing astronauts suits.

FIBRES USED: Meta-Para aramides – high resistance, tear, tensile strength, expensive,

Wool viscoses polyamide – : repellency of molten metal, heat insulation,

transparency.

- High resistance, insulating.

cotton – Marko wiki: : electric arc flash protection, comfort,

flame-resistant, multiform, efficient, skin friendly, antistatic.

Polyamide – : extreme resistance, low aging

Cotton, Wool, Natural rubber, Polyester, Polyamide, Polypropylene ,

aramid, glass.

SPORTTECH

Sporttech refers to all kind of textile materials as a part or whole used mainly for making

sports wear including sports shoes and other sports accessories.

Increasing interest in active sports and outdoor leisure activities such as flying and

sailing sports, climbing, cycling, winter and summer sorts, indoor sport has led to

immense growth in the consumption of textile materials in manufacturing sporting and

related goods and equipment. These are sportswear fabrics, tents, wind breakers,

breathable fabrics, diving suits, artificial turfs, balls, protective pads, helmet liners,

artificial playing surfaces, etc.

FIBERS USED: Cotton, Polyester, Nylon, Poly propylene/ Polyethylene

MOBILTECH

These textiles, also known as Mobiltex, are used in transport industry, i.e. in construction of

automobiles, railways, ships , aircraft & spacecraft . They are found in knitted, woven and

nonwoven structures . Many coated and reinforced textiles are also used.

A number of materials are also used in the interior of cars. The most obvious are seat covers,

safety belts and airbags , for the sealing seat belts, non-woven for cabin air filtration,

parachutes, inflatable boats, air balloons . Truck covers and restraints are significant textile

end-uses in the transportation sector. They can range from simple ropes and tarpaulins to

highly engineered flexible curtain system and webbing tie-downs.

FIBERS USED: Wool, viscose, polyester, nylon, polypropylene, carbon

MOBILTECH

OEKOTECH

These are the Eco-friendly Textiles, also known as Oekotex or Ecotex. They are mostly

used in environmental protection applications floor sealing, erosion protection, air

cleaning, prevention of water pollution, water cleaning, waste treatment/recycling,

depositing area construction, product extraction, domestic water sewerage plants. They

are even gaining unimaginable popularity in other sectors of textile industry. Clothing,

home furnishing, fashion accessories etc. all now come in eco-friendly versions made

of oekotech.

FIBERS USED: Jute, wool, polyester, polypropylene