Teaching Speaking Teaching Speaking SkillsSkills

Communication involves Communication involves the use of four language the use of four language skills:skills:

listening and speaking in listening and speaking in oral communication oral communication reading and writing in reading and writing in written communication.written communication.

Developing Oral Developing Oral Communication SkillsCommunication Skills

Attention should be Attention should be concentrated on the following concentrated on the following main problems:main problems:syllabus requirementssyllabus requirementslanguage and speechlanguage and speechphysiological and linguistic physiological and linguistic characteristics of speechcharacteristics of speechways of creating situationsways of creating situationsprepared, unprepared and inner prepared, unprepared and inner speechspeechtypes of exercises.types of exercises.

Psychological Psychological Characteristics of Characteristics of SpeechSpeech Speech must be motivatedSpeech must be motivated.. Speech is always addressed Speech is always addressed

to an interlocutor.to an interlocutor. Speech is always emotionally Speech is always emotionally

coloured.coloured. Speech is always situational.Speech is always situational.

Linguistic Linguistic Characteristics of Characteristics of SpeechSpeechLinguistic peculiarities of dialogue are Linguistic peculiarities of dialogue are

as follows:as follows: The use of incomplete sentences (ellipses) The use of incomplete sentences (ellipses)

in response: e.g. Where do you live? - In in response: e.g. Where do you live? - In Yerevan. How many books do you have? – Yerevan. How many books do you have? – One.One.

The use of contracted forms: doesn’t. won’t, The use of contracted forms: doesn’t. won’t, haven’t, can’thaven’t, can’t

The use of some abbreviations: lab, bike, The use of some abbreviations: lab, bike, math’s, fridge, comp, etc.math’s, fridge, comp, etc.

The use of conversational tags. These are The use of conversational tags. These are the words the speaker uses when he/she the words the speaker uses when he/she wishes to speak without saying anything: wishes to speak without saying anything: e.g. of course, perhaps, surely, etc.e.g. of course, perhaps, surely, etc.

Principles for Principles for Designing Speaking Designing Speaking TechniquesTechniques Techniques should cover the spectrum of Techniques should cover the spectrum of

learner needs, fromlearner needs, fromlanguage-based focus on accuracy to language-based focus on accuracy to message-based focus onmessage-based focus oninteraction, meaning, and fluencyinteraction, meaning, and fluency

Techniques should be intrinsically motivating.Techniques should be intrinsically motivating. Provide appropriate feedback and correction.Provide appropriate feedback and correction. Capitalize on the natural link between Capitalize on the natural link between

speaking and listening.speaking and listening. Give students opportunities to initiate oral Give students opportunities to initiate oral

communication.communication. Encourage the development of speaking Encourage the development of speaking

strategies.strategies.

Types of Classroom Types of Classroom Speaking PerformanceSpeaking Performance ImitativeImitative IntensiveIntensive ResponsiveResponsive Transactional (dialogue)Transactional (dialogue) Interpersonal (dialogue)Interpersonal (dialogue)

Teaching Two Forms of Teaching Two Forms of SpeakingSpeaking

MonologueMonologueDialogueDialogue

Teaching MonologueTeaching Monologue

Statement levelStatement level UtteranceUtterance levellevel Discourse levelDiscourse level

Teaching DialogueTeaching Dialogue

While teaching dialogue we should While teaching dialogue we should use pattern dialogues in three use pattern dialogues in three stages:stages:

1.1. ReceptiveReceptive

2.2. ReproductiveReproductive immediateimmediate delayeddelayed modifiedmodified

3.3. Constructive or creativeConstructive or creative

Organizing Organizing Communicative Communicative ActivitiesActivities Picture difference tasksPicture difference tasks Group planning tasksGroup planning tasks List sequencing tasks - Ranking List sequencing tasks - Ranking

taskstasks Pyramid discussionPyramid discussion Role Play Role Play Real Play Real Play SimulationSimulation