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Qur’an 2010 Page 10.1 www.madressa.net

INTRODUCTION TO CLASS 5AB – 11AB QUR’AN:

Teaching a child to read Arabic is a blessing and an honour, as you are equipping them with the ability to read the Holy Qur’an. HADITH about everything in existence prays for the forgiveness of the person who teaches the Qur’an, even the fish in the sea. With this weighty task in front of us, it is important to keep in mind that all success is from Allah.

We are now introducing recitation of Qur’an for all the Students, in the hope of bringing all our Students to one level of recitation.

For those Students who are in the process of learning how to recite Qur’an, a separate Qur’an Manual will also be given.

For those Students who are already reciting Qur’an, some rules included in this Manual will be taught to them to improve their recitation further.

All Students will do the Tafsir part of the syllabus and attempt the Qur’an Coursework which is at the beginning of this Manual.

Recite the Holy Qur’an and Memorise it. Allah (swt) will not punish the heart in which the Qur’an has been placed. (Imam Ja’far As Sadiq (A))


QUR’AN SYLLABUS CLASS 10 (13 YEARS OLD)

LESSON: TOPIC

LESSON 1: THE RESPECT OF THE HOLY QUR’AN AND

THE AKHLAQ OF ITS RECITATION

LESSON 2: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HOLY QUR’AN

LESSON 3: DIVISIONS IN THE HOLY QUR’AN

LESSON 4: TAFSIR OF SURATU QADR

LESSON 5: TAFSIR OF SURATUL INSHIRAH

LESSON 6: TAFSIR OF SURATUL SHAMS

LEVEL 5: FURTHER RULES FOR CHILDREN WHO CAN RECITE QUR’AN:

- PUNCTUATION - QALQALA - RULES OF LAAM - RULES OF NOON AND MEEM MUSHADDADAH - WAJIB SAJDAHS IN THE QUR’AN - ARABIC NUMBERS


LESSON 1: THE RESPECT OF THE HOLY QUR’AN AND THE AKHLAQ OF ITS RECITATION

The Holy Qur'an is a book containing the words of Allah. It should be treated with the respect it deserves. This respect should also extend to any book, such as this manual, wherein there are verses of the Holy Qur’an. In this lesson we will learn how to respect the Holy Qur’an and how to recite it.

1. The words of the Holy Qur'an should only be touched after doing Wudhu. Allah says: None should touch it except the purified.(al-Wáqi`áh, 56:79)

2. Always begin the recitation with Taàwwudh. Allah says: When you recite the Qur’an, seek refuge in Allah from Shaitan, the accursed

(an-Nahl, 16:98)

Taàwwudh means to recite øÁæÎêUìj»A øÆBòñæÎìr»A äÅê¿ êÉé}¼»BøI ågæÌå§òA Which means, “I seek refuge in Allah, from Shaitan, the accursed.

3. After Taàwwudh, recite ãÈ×ãcáäoÂB ãÌÇåcáäoÂB ãÐÃÂB ãÈåtãQ which means,

“I begin in the name of Allah, The Beneficent, The Merciful”. 4. Even if you know the verses by heart, it is better to recite while looking at the words, as this increases the rewards many times.

5. It is Mustahab to recite the Holy Qur'an with your head covered and while facing the Qiblah.

Cover the head Face Qiblah


6. The Holy Qur’an should be recited without rushing, in a clear manner.

Allah says:

ý4þ æÚ×ãWåoáW áÉDåoâ»åÂB ãÄãäWánáÑ And recite the Qur’an in a regulated tone. (Al-Muzzammil, 73:4)

7. When the Qur’an is being recited, listen attentively and do not eat or talk. Allah says: And when the Qur’an is recited, listen to it with (full) attention, so that you may

be blessed with mercy. (Al-A`raf, 7:204) 8. Do not leave the Holy Qur'an open and unattended or in a place where it may be disrespected. Recite from it regularly and do not leave it unread on the shelf. Allah says:

And the Prophet (S) shall say, “O my Lord! Verily my people abandoned this Qur’an.” (Al-Furqan, 25:30)

10. Worn-out pages of the Holy Qur'an or paper with verses of the Holy Qur'an must not be thrown in the bin, Instead they should be Re-cycled or buried.

References Holy Qur’an, Tafsir of S V Mir Ahmed Ali The Science of Reciting the Qur’an, M Surty, Pages 30-34


LESSON 2: AN INTRODUCTION TO THE HOLY QUR’AN

Allah sent 124,000 Prophets for the guidance of mankind. To some of these Prophets, he gave a set of rules and instructions that the prophets left behind in the form of books.

The Divine Books were:

According to many traditions, the revelation of the Holy Qur’an began on the 23rd night of the month of Ramadhan (Laylatul Qadr). They began when the Prophet (S) was 40 years old and continued for the next 23 years.

The Holy Qur’an broadly contains:

1. Ahkam: These are verses about the Furu’-e-Din from which the Mujtahidín prepare the various Fatwas to do with Salaat, Sawm, Haj etc.

2. Tareekh: These are the verses that narrate the history of people who lived before our Holy Prophet (S).

3. Àqa’id: These are verses that explain the Belief in the Unity of Allah, the Prophet (S) and the Day of Judgement.

4. Akhlaq: The verses outline the moral behaviour

that Muslims are required to observe.

TAWHEED ADAALAT N ABUWWAT IMAAMAT QIYAAMAT

TAWRAT to Prophet Musa (A)

ZABUR to Prophet Dawood (A)

INJIL to Prophet Isa (A)

QUR’AN to Prophet Muhammad (S)


The Holy Qur’an therefore contains guidance that teaches a man about:

- His duties to himself i.e. how to lead a successful life in this world and the hereafter.

- How to act with other people i.e. how to contribute as an individual towards the betterment of society.

- His duty to his Creator i.e. how to worship Allah.

Merits of Recital of the Holy Qur’an

There are many Ahadith (sayings) of the Holy Prophet (S) and our Aimmah (A) on the reward and blessing of reciting the Holy Qur’an. Only some are quoted here: The Prophet (S) has said, “The most excellent amongst you is the one who learns the Qur’an and teaches it to others.”

“The more Qur’an is recited in a home, the greater the good for it. The lives of the people in the house are made easier. When the angels view this house from the heavens they see it shining in the same way as stars seen from the earth.”

“The heart gathers rust just like iron; remove this rust by reciting the Qur’an.” Imam Àli (A) has said, “Whosoever recites 100 verses daily from the Book (Holy Qur’an) in the order it is in, Alláh writes for him the reward equal to all the good actions of every one on this earth.”


LESSON 3: DIVISIONS IN THE HOLY QUR’AN

The text of the Holy Qur'an has been divided in various ways. These are:

1. Ayah pl. Ayat ( PBÍA , ÒÍA) In Àrabic, Ayah means sign, and in the Holy Qur’an, it means a verse. Thus, each and every verse of the Holy Qur'an is a sign of Allah. There are various numbers given for the total Ayat in the Holy Qur'an. Syed Akhtar Rizvi mentions 6236 in his book “Qur’an and Hadith”.

2. Súrah pl. Suwar (iÌm , ÑiÌm) In Àrabic, Surah means an enclosure and in the Holy Qur'an, it means a chapter. There are 114 Suwar in the Holy Qur'an. The longest of them is al-Baqarah with 286 Ayat, and the shortest is al-Kauthar with only 4 Ayat.

3. Manzil pl. Manázil ( ¾kBÄ¿ , ¾lÄ¿) In Àrabic, Manzil means a phase. The Holy Qur'an has been divided into seven Manázil, for convenience of recitation. So a person wishing to recite the entire Qur’an in one week may do so by reciting one Manzil a day. Each such position in the Holy Qur'an is marked by the word Manzil.

4. Juz’ pl. Ajza’( ÕAlUA , ÕlU) The Muslims have divided the Holy Qur'an into 30 equal parts (Juz’ in Àrabic or Pára in Urdu). This division is just for convenience. So a person who wishes to recite the whole Qur’an in one month (as in the month of Ramadhan) may do so by reciting one Juz’ every day. In the Holy Qur'an, the beginning of the Juz` is usually marked by a blacked line.

5. Rub`, Nisf, Thalathah ( ÒQÝQA , ±vÃ , ©Ii ) Each Juz’ is divided into quarters, again for the convenience of recitation into Rub` (quarter), Nisf (half) and Thalathah (three-quarter, shortened to three).

6. Ruku`, pl. Rukuat ( PB§Ì·i , ªÌ·i ) These are like paragraphs or sections, containing 7-12 Ayat. For example, al-Fatihah (1st Surah) has 7 Ayat, grouped in one Ruku`, while al-Baqarah (2nd Surah) has 286 Ayat, grouped into 40 Rukuat.

The place of Ruku` is denoted by the letter ª. The letter has three numbers, one at the

top, one in its middle and one below it. The number at the top signifies the number that this Ruku` is in the Surah. The number in the middle signifies the number of Ayat between the last Ruku` and the present one. The number at the bottom signifies the number that this Ruku` is in the Juz’.

So, in this example from Súrah al-Baqarah, This is the 23rd Ruku` in the Surah, there are 6 Ayat between Ruku` number 22 and 23, and this is the 7th Ruku’ in this Juz’ and this is the 7th Ruku` in this Juz’.


LESSON 4: SURAH AL QADR INTRODUCTION This Surah was revealed in Makka. It has five verses. It is Surah number 97 in the Holy Qur’an. The word “al-Qadr” means “Glorious” or “Highest Ranking”. Two main topics are discussed; the revelation of the Holy Qur’an and the Night of Qadr. With regard to the revelation of the Holy Qur’an, from other verses, we see that there were four stages to the Holy Qur’an’s existence. The first stage was in “Lawh-al-Mahfuz” or the “Preserved Tablet”. This is mentioned in Suratul Buruj, 85:21,22. This was where the wisdom of the Holy Qur’an was known only to Allah. In the second stage it was revealed in its entirety into the heart of the Holy Prophet (S), and he had a complete knowledge of it spiritually. This is mentioned in Suratush Shuàra, 26:193,194. The third stage of the Holy Qur’an’s existence was when it was revealed in its full chapter by chapter form to the Holy Prophet (S). This is referred to in the first verse of Suratul Qadr. The fourth stage was when the Holy Qur’an was revealed verse by verse, as and when a situation demanded it. When a verse was brought by the Angel Jibrail (A), the Holy Prophet (S) would then recite it to the Muslims and explain its meaning. The second topic covered in this Surah is that of Laylatul Qadr, or the Night of Qadr. Some scholars have translated “Qadr” as “determination of destiny”. In the night of Qadr, whatever everyone is to receive that year is decided. This is why the Holy Prophet (S) has directed the believers to stay awake the whole night in prayer, seeking forgiveness for one’s sins and asking for one’s desires. On this night the question of sustenance, life and death of every individual is decided. It is a night on which Allah invites everyone to seek His pardon and mercy.


Text and Translation

ãÈ×ãcáäoÂB ãÌÇåcáäoÂB ãÐÃÂB ãÈåtãQ In the Name of Allah the Beneficent, the Merciful.

ý1þ ãnåká»åÂB ãUáÃå×áÂ Øã¶ âÍCáËåÂáqÊáF CáäÊãH Verily, We sent it (the Holy Qur’an) down in the Night of Qadr!

ý2þ ãnåká»åÂB âUáÃå×áÂ CáÆ á½BánåjáF CáÆáÑ And what can make you know what the Night of Qadr is?

ý3þ èoåÏáw ã å̧ÂáF åÌãäÆ çoå×ág ãnåká»åÂB âUáÃå×áÂ The Night of Qadr is better than a thousand months!

ý4þ èoåÆáF ãäÄâ¾ ÌãäÆ ÈãÏãäQán ãÉålãIãQ CáÏ×ã¶ âbÑâäoÂBáÑ âUá¿ãMáÚáÇåÂB âÁáäqáËáW The Angels and the Spirit descend therein by the permission of their Lord, with

(decrees) of all affairs

ý5þ ãoå`á∙åÂB ã°áÃå§áÆ ÔáäXác áØãÎ çÅáÚás Peace! (In the whole night) Till the breaking of the dawn.

Tafsir

Ayah 1: The Holy Qur’an was revealed in its full chapter by chapter form to the Holy Prophet (S) on this night. He then related it to the people in sections as and when instructed by Allah through Jibraìl (A).

Ayah 2: This challenge is a hint that the merits and blessings of this night cannot fully be understood and appreciated by man.

Ayah 3: The “thousand nights” refers to a timeless concept. It means that a moment of enlightenment gained in this night

under Allah’s special guidance is better than a thousand months spent in ignorance.


Ayah 4: This describes the constant traffic of angels and Jibraìl (A) coming down to the earth throughout the night, offering Allah’s Blessings to the believers who are awake, worshipping Him.

The word “Amr” meaning the “affairs affecting the creation” raises the question as to who is the recipient of these decrees. It is our belief that these are brought to “Sahibul Amr”, Imam

Muhammad al-Mahdi (A). This verse proves that the Hujjat (Proof) of Allah always exists on earth. Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (A) has said: “Argue against those who deny the continuity of the Divine Appointment on earth, with this Surah”

Ayah 5: This verse indicates that the peace due to the special mercy of Allah on this night continues all the way till the next day.

Merits of reciting Suratul Qadr: References

Holy Qur’an, Tafsir of S V Mir Ahmed Ali Ramadhan, Ahkam and Philosophy, Yasin T. al Jibouri Article, “Understanding Surah al Qadr”, Federation Samachar, Rajab 1417.

The Holy Prophet (S) has said that one who recites this Surah is regarded by Allah as though he fasted the month of Ramadhan and spent Laylatul Qadr worshipping his Creator.

Imam Ja`far as-Sadiq (A) has said that whoever recites this Surah in one of the obligatory prayers will be addressed: "O servant of Allah! Your past sins have been forgiven, so resume your good deeds!"

And he has also said, "Whoever recites it audibly will be like one raising his sword in defence of Islam, and if he recites it silently will be regarded as though he died a martyr for the cause of Islam, and if someone recites it ten times, a thousand of his sins will be forgiven."

It is recommended to recite this Surah ten times at the graveside of a freshly buried Muslim, to greatly ease his anxiety.


LESSON 5: SURAH AL INSHIRAH

INTRODUCTION

This Surah was revealed in Makka. It has eight verses. It is Surah number 94 in the Holy Qur’an. “Inshirah” means “Expansion”, and refers to the word “Nashrah” used in the first verse. Text and Translation

ãÈ×ãcáäoÂB ãÌÇåcáäoÂB ãÐÃÂB ãÈåtãQ In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

ý1þ á½ánåká{ áÀáÂ åbáoåxáÊ åÈáÂáF 1. Have We not expanded for you (O Muhammad) your heart,

ý2þ á½ánåpãÑ áÀËá® CáËåˉ á¢áÑáÑ

2. And taken off from you your burden,

ý3þ á½áoåÏáª á¤á»ÊáF ÕãmáäÂB 3. Which weighed down your back,

ý4þ á½áoå¾ãl áÀáÂ CáËåˉ á¶ánáÑ

4. And exalted your fame?

ý5þ BæoåtâÖ ãoåtâˉ åÂB á°áÆ áäÉãIá¶ 5. Verily, with every difficulty there is ease,

ý6þ BæoåtâÖ ãoåtâˉ åÂB á°áÆ áäÉãH 6. Verily, with every difficulty there is ease,

ý7þ åSá|ÊCá¶ áYå²áoá¶ BálãIá¶ 7. So when you have completed (the duties of your ministry), then establish (your

successor),

ý8þ åSá²ånCá¶ áÀãäQán ÔáÂãHáÑ

8. And to your Lord, return.


Tafsir Ayah 1: The term “expanded your breast (or heart)” is an expression used in the Holy Qur’an to mean increasing the capacity of the person to receive knowledge and guidance from Allah. The Prophet (S) was specially blessed by Allah to understand and carry out His commands.

Ayat 2, 3: The burden is the great responsibility of spreading the message of Islam that the Prophet (S) worked so hard for. The Prophet (S) had prayed for a helper and Allah had appointed Imam Àlí (A) to help him to lighten the burden.

Ayah 4: The fame of the Holy Prophet (S) was secured for all time when Allah made Salawat on him Wajib in every Salaat and in the Adhan.

Ayat 5, 6: After declaring his Prophethood, the life of the Prophet (S) had been filled with struggle and difficulty. At times it seemed that Islam and the Muslims would not survive. He had faced all these trials with patience. Here, Allah assures him that after hardship there would be ease. The verse is repeated to emphasise the promise of Allah that the mission of the Prophet (S) would be successful and the whole of Àrabia would come under the fold of Islam.

Ayah 7: This important verse is a command to the Prophet (S) to inform the people of his successor. Now that his mission was coming to an end, the Prophet (S) would soon depart this world. One important task that remained was to nominate his successor. He appointed Imam Àlí (A) at Ghadir Khum on 18th Dhul Hijjah in 10 AH.

Ayah 8: An invitation from Allah to the Prophet (S) to retire from this world of his own will and return to Him.

Merits of Reciting Surah al Inshirah

References

Holy Qur’an, Tafsir of S V Mir Ahmed Ali Ramadhan, Ahkam and Philosophy, Yasin T. al Jibouri

The Prophet (S) has said that whoever recites it will be given a reward as though he had met the Prophet (S) grieved, and had removed the cause of his grief.


LESSON 6: SURATUSH SHAMS

INTRODUCTION

This Surah was revealed in Makka. It has fifteen verses. It is Surah number 91 in the Holy Qur’an. The name of the Surah derives from the word “Shams” (Sun) which appears in the first verse.

Text and Translation

ãÈ×ãcáäoÂB ãÌÇåcáäoÂB ãÐÃÂB ãÈåtãQ In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful

ý1þ CáÎCádâ¢áÑ ãuåÇáäxÂBáÑ 1. By the sun and its radiance,

ý2þ CáÎáÚáW BálãH ãoáÇá»åÂBáÑ 2. By the moon when it follows (the sun),

ý3þ CáÎáäÚá_ BálãH ãnCáÏáäËÂBáÑ 3. By the day when it reveals its (the sun’s) radiance,

ý4þ CáÎCáxå³áÖ BálãH ãÄå×áäÃÂBáÑ 4. By the night when it enshrouds it,

ý5þ CáÎCáËáQ CáÆáÑ ACáÇáätÂBáÑ 5. By the heaven and that (power) which built it,

ý6þ CáÎCádá¦ CáÆáÑ ã¡ånáåÛBáÑ 6. By the earth and that (power) which spread it out,

ý7þ CáÎBáäÒás CáÆáÑ èuå∙áÊáÑ 7. By the soul and that (power) which perfected it,


ý8þ CáÎBáÒå»áWáÑ CáÎánÒâ`â¶ CáÏáÇáÏåÂáGá¶ 8. And inspired it (with the faculty of knowing) what is evil and what is good.

ý9þ CáÎCáä¾áp ÌáÆ áeáÃå¶áF åkáº 9. Verily, he succeeds who purifies it,

ý10þ CáÎCáäsáj ÌáÆ áPCág åkáºáÑ 10. Verily, he fails who corrupts it.

ý11þ CáÎBáÒå³á§ãQ âjÒâÇá[ åYáQáämá¾

11. The (people of) Thamud belied (the truth) in their rebellious transgression

ý12þ CáÎCá»åwáF á]áˉ áRÊB ãlãH 12. When the worst wretch among them rose up (to slay the she-camel).

ý13þ CáÎCá×å»âsáÑ ãÐáäÃÂB áUáºCáÊ ãÐáäÃÂB âÁÒâsán åÈâÏáÂ áÁCá»á¶ 13. Then the messenger of Allah (Salih) said to them: “This is Allah’s she-camel, let

her drink.”

ý14þ CáÎBáäÒátá¶ åÈãÏãRÊámãQ ÈâÏâäQán åÈãÏå×áÃá® áÅákåÆáká¶ CáÎÑâoá»áˉ á¶ âÍÒâQáämá¿á¶ 14. But they belied him and hamstrung her. So their Lord completely destroyed them

for their sins, and levelled them all.

ý15þ CáÎCáRå»â® âμCáháÖ áÙáÑ 15. And He does not fear the consequences.


Tafsir Ayat 1-6: Allah swears by His mighty creations in order to emphasis the verses to follow. The verses describe the blazing day giving way to the cool night, the peace of which makes man reflect on the day’s activities. The stars light up the heavens.

Ayat 7-10: These verses give us some detail about the mysterious nature of the soul. Allah has given the soul the power of judging good from evil - man is free to purify it and succeed, or pollute it and fail in the goal of life. Ayat 11-15: These verses describe the people of Thamud, to whom Allah sent Prophet Salih (A). They had demanded that a she-camel be brought out of the side of a mountain as proof of Salih’s (A) truthfulness. When the miracle was brought, they continued in their defiance, and killed the animal. For their arrogance and obstinacy, they were destroyed by Allah.

Merits of Reciting Surah ash Shams References Holy Qur’an, Tafsir of S V Mir Ahmed Ali Ramadhan, Ahkam and Philosophy, Yasin T. al Jibouri

1. The Holy Prophet (S) said that whoever recites it will be regarded as having offered

charity with everything under the sun and the moon. 2. Imam Ja`far as Sadiq (A) has said that in if a person is in the habit of reciting this

Surah often, and also recites al-Layl, adh Dhuha, and al-Inshirah, every part of his body will testify in his favour on the Day of Judgement, including his hair, skin, flesh, blood, and veins.

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