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Teachers as Gurusto Build a
Prosperous, Powerful, Intellectual & Ethical India
By
Dr T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies
Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director
Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,
Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 5567-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®
F: +91 (40) 5567-1111, [email protected]
[email protected] Talk @ Osmania University, Hyderabad : 22nd October 2008
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 2
Dr T.H.ChowdaryAt present: Director : Center for Telecom Management & Studies
Chairman : Pragna Bharati, Andhra Pradesh Fellow: Tata Consultancy Services & Satyam Computer Services
Formerly: Information Technology Advisor: Government of Andhra Pradesh
Founder Chairman & Managing Director, Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd Dy.Director General: Department of Telecoms, Government of India
Presidnet: Institution of Electronics and Telecom Engineers, IndiaChiarman: Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan, Hyderabad Kendra
Governor : INTELSAT, WashingtonExecutive Director : INMARSAT – London
Chief Technical Adviser : UNDP in Guyana and YemenUNDP/ ITU Expert : South Africa and Nepal
Address:Plot No. 8, P&T Colony, Karkhana (Secunderabad), Hyderabad - 500 009.
Phone : +91 (40) 2784-6137, 6667-1191 (Off) & 2784-3121 (Res)Fax : +91 (40) 6667-1111, 2789-6104 (Off)
E-Mail: [email protected] & [email protected]
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 3
Prosperous, Powerful & Intellectual• Prosperous:
Sareeramaadyam Khalu dharma Saadhanam
None respects a poor person/country
India in 1962• Powerful: Japan, Germany are very
prosperous; no influence anywhere.• Intellectual: Prosperity & power cannot be
sustained w/o creating intellectual prosperity; R & D; How Japan, Korea and now China graduate to become intellectual powers.
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 4
Engineering & Business Professionals / year
Engineers* MBAs MCAs
450,000 80,000 60,000
•About 100,000 are ICT-related•We produce 3.75 mln grads/year•Young 17 Y/22 Y to are in Varsities: Asian AV 15%; world AV: 30%
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 5
How Equipped is India for Higher Education
Country Population
(million)
No of Uni-versities
To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have
Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000
UK 50 170 3400
USA 280 1700 6100
India 1000 310 ---- Australia 18 39 2200 China 1200 1000 850
*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 6
S &T Personnel(per 1000 persons)
Country Scientists Skilled Personnel Japan 110 7.1
Israel 76 5.9
USA 55 4
Korea 45.9 2.9
Brazil 25.9 0.2
China 8.1 0.6
India 3.6 0.3
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 7
Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology PhD Degrees in the United States, China and India
-
1,000.00
2,000.00
3,000.00
4,000.00
5,000.00
6,000.00
7,000.00
8,000.00
9,000.00
10,000.00
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Academic Year
Gra
du
ate
s
USA China India
Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 8
Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data)
0
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
1994-95
1995-96
1996-97
1997-98
1998-99
1999-00
2000-01
2001-02
2002-03
2003-04
2004-05
Academic Year
Gra
du
ate
s
USA (Engr/Techl) China (Engr/Techl) India(Engr/Techl) India(MCA)
Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 9
ETHICS !!
• Ethical: Ravan was P, P&I but unethical,
ignoble America has P, P & I but, Vietnam,
Iraq?
• USSR: Hungary, Czechoslovakia, Poland,
Afghanistan-
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 10
Education• Vidya: Vid to know
• Discovering the divine potential
• Learning and excellence
• Guru as Guide, Father, friend and lover
• Continuous learning
• Vidyarthi Student
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 11
Guru’s ‘form’/Create Great People
• Sandipani – Krishna
• Drona - Kuru Pandavas
• Aristotle - Alexander• The job of the master is not merely to bequeath a store
of knowledge to his pupils but to instill in them a thirst for truth and inspiration and drill them in proper methods of research.
• 70% of living Nobel Laureates are teaching in US
Universities
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 12
Gururdevo Maheswarah:! WHY
• Agnana timirandhasya gnananjana salaakayaa Chakshurun meelitam yena …
• Piteva Putrasya, Sakheva Sakhyuh Priyah Priyaah
• Vidyarthi & Student• Taittiriya Upanishad – Knowable• Kathopanishad – Nachiketa & Yama• Aham Brahmaasmi • Luceat Lux Vestra• Vishnu Sarma: Greatest Teacher Pedagogue
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 13
What is Education (1)
• Education is a liberating force, enables the individual to rise form mere materiality to superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness .
• Education gives us accumulated lessons of heritage to carry it forward to posterity .
• The past is our foundation, the present our material, the future our aim and summit. Each must have its due and natural place in a national system of education.
– Sri Aurobindo
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 14
We want that education by which
character is formed,
strength of mind is increased,
the intellect is expanded and by which
one can stand on one’s own feet.
Education is the manifestation of the
perfection already in man
- Swami Vivekananda
What is Education (2)
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 15
•I firmly believe the efficacy of the education as a panacea for our social evils
- Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Education is the process of individual mind
getting its full possible development…. It is a long school which losts a life time
-Dr Zakir Hussain Vidyayaa Vindate AmritamAatmanaa Vindate Veeryam
-Deathlessness is attained by knowledge Valour is attained by self (discipline)
What is Education (3)
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 16
What is Education (4)
– Education should address the problems of national development, particularly issues concerning self-reliance, economic growth, employment and social and national integration.
– Education is visualised as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely material consciousness towards superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness
-The Education Commission (1966)
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 17
What is Education (5)
– Education aims at liberation - liberation from
bondage and ignorance, backwardness and
gravitational pulls of the lower human nature.
Education should be so designed as to become a
powerful carrier of the best of the heritage and it
should, therefore, aim at transmitting to the new
generations the lessons of the accumulated
experiences of the past for further progress in the
present and the future.
Source: “Higher Education in India – Vision and
Action” GOI’s paper for UNESCO Oct. 1998)
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 18
Training X Education
• Animals can be trained (as in Circus); only humans can be educated. Preparation for examination by tutors, coaches, guides and teachers is not education; great performance like 98% marks in examinations is not education. Education has the following attributes in the inimitable words of great savants
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 19
• All men are created equal. But their growth and accomplishments and status in life are mostly unequal. Some are even more equal than others in the ideals states that some political systems claimed to have established. (They have since vanished).
Created equal: Grow unequal
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 20
Inequality: Consequences of Difference in Education
• Inequality in life arises due to the difference
in education that is imparted in/acquired by
children in the home, school, and the place
of worship, (in Telugu ‘odi, badi, gudi’).
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 21
Instill Culture in Students
• Obedience to unenforceable laws
• Adding to the sum total of happiness
• Memorising Satakas (Sumathi & Vemana) & Subhashitas (Bhartrihari)
• Lincoln’s Letter to the Teacher of his son
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 22
Values in Bharatiya Vidya
• Man cannot live by bread alone. - Bible
• Na vittena Tarpaneeyo manushyah
• Atmana vindate Veeryam -Katha
Vidyaya vindate Amritam
• Isa vasyamidam Jagat -Isha
• Parasparam Bhavayansah -Gita
Sreyo Paramavaapsyatha
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 23
What Values (1)
Aatmaupanyena sarvatra samam pasyati
Itite gnaanamaakhyaatam.......
Guhyaat guhyataram mayaa
Etadaseshena vimrasya yathechasi, tathaa kuru
- Bh.Gita 18:62
No dogma freedom to think and act
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 24
What Values (2)
• Respect for elders & others – Matru devo bhava…….Sravan Kumar…….
• Lokasangraha• Patriotism (& nationalism)
– Jananee Janma Bhoomischa Swargaadapi Gariyasi......
– Kacha’s example
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 25
What Values (3)
“To develop fully your own character, you must know your country’s character. A plant partakes of the character of the soil in which it grows. You are a plant that is conscious, that thinks. You must study your soil – which is your country --- in order that you may be able to draw its strength up into your own strength”.
– Dwight D.Eisenhover
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 26
What Values (4)
• Therefore, teachers who are makers of men and visionaries for a country and nation, must give an inspiring account of the history of their country, their heritage, culture and heroes of the country to students, so that in addition to attaining excellence in whatever branch of study and knowledge they specialize, they also become architects and builders of a great nation. India had been one as scholarly sketched by the great historian, A L Basham in his book, “The Wonder That Was India”
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 27
Values: Entitlement, Employment & Entrepreneurship• You cannot bring about prosperity by discouraging thrift.
• You cannot strengthen the weak by weakening the strong.
• You cannot help the poor by destroying the rich.
• You cannot establish sound security on borrowed money.
• You cannot keep out trouble by spending more than you earn.
• You cannot build character and courage
• by taking away man’s initiative and independence.
• You cannot help men permanently by doing for them
• What they could do for themselves.” - Abraham Lincoln
• (Source: Freedom First, May 1989)
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 28
Lincoln’s Letter to the Teacher of his son (1)
Respected Teacher!• My son will have to learn, I know • That all men are not just, all men are not true, but teach him also• That for every scoundrel, there is a Hero• That for every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader• Teach him that for every enemy, there is a friend• It will take time, I know; but teach him if you can • That a dollar earned is of far more value than five found• Teach him to learn to lose and also enjoy winning• Steer him away from envy, if you can• Teach him the secret of quiet laughter• Let him learn early that the Bullies are easiest to Lick• Teach him if you can, the wonder of books…• But also give him Quiet time to ponder over the eternal mystery
of birds in the sky, bees in the sun and flowers on a green hills – side
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 29
Lincoln’s Letter to the Teacher of his son (2)
• In school teach him it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat• Teach him to have faith in his own ideas even if everyone tells him they are wrong• Teach him to be gentle with gentle people and tough with the tough• Try to give my son the strength not to follow the crowd when everyone is getting
on the Bandwagon• Teach him to listen to all men but teach him also to filter all he hears on a screen
of truth and take only the good that comes through • Teach him, if you can, how to laugh when he is sad• Teach him there is no shame in tears • Teach him to scoff at cynics and to beware of too much sweetness• Teach him to sell his Brawn and Brain to the highest bidders, but never to put a
price tag on his heart and soul• Teach him to close his Ears to a Howling Mob…. And to stand and Fight• If he thinks he is right Treat him gently; but do not cuddle him because only the
test of Fire Makes Fine Steel• Let him have the courage to be important • Let him have the patience to brave• Teach him always to have sublime faith in himself because then he will always
have sublime faith in mankind• This is a bid order; but see what you can do• He is such a fine little fellow, my son.
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 30
Our own sages have exhorted students thus:
• Om Sahanaavavatu, sahanu bhunaktu
• Sahaveeryam Karavaavahaih
• Tejasvinaavadheetamastu
• Maa Vidvishaavahaih,
• Om! Shantih, shantih, shantih!
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 31
How do we learn?
Paadam gurubhyah
Paadam brahmachaaribhyah
Paadam swamedhayaa
Paadam kaalakramenacha
• Life-long learning for
Life-long employability
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 32
The Oath Guru Administers
I exhort you as follows:• Speak the truth. • Walk in the way of the duty• Neglect not the study of higher knowledge• Treat they teacher with respect and
gratitude.• And fail not in taking upon thyself the
burden of life
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 33
Happiness: (1)
• The man that hath no music in himself
Nor is not moved with concord of sweet sounds
Is fit for treasons, stratagems and spoils
The motious of his spirit are dull as night,
And his affections dark as E rebus
Let no such man be trusted
- Shakespeare in Merchant of Venice
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 34
Happiness (2)
Character of a Happy LifeHow happy is he born and taughtThat serveth not another’s will;Whose armour is his honest thought,And simple truth his utmost skill;Whose passions not his masters are;Whose soul is still prepared for death,Untied unto the world by careOf public fame or private breath;Who envies none that chance doth raiseNor vice; who never understoodHow deepest wounds are given by praise;Nor rules of state, but rules of good;Who hath his life from rumours freed;
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 35
Happiness (3)
Whose conscience is his strong retreat;Whose state can neither flatterers feed,Nor ruin make oppressors great;Who God doth late and early pray\More of his grace than gifts to lendAnd entertains the harmless dayWith a religious book or friendThis man is freed from servile bandsOf hope to rise or fear to fall;Lord of himself, though not of lands,And having nothing, yet hath all.
-Sir Henry Wotton
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 36
DOGMA OR FREE THINKING• Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high;
Where knowledge is free;Where the world has not been brokenUp into fragments by narrow domestic walls;Where words come out from the depth of truth;Where tireless starving stretches its arms towards perfection;Where the clear street of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desertsand of dead habit;Where the mind is led forward by Thee into ever-widening thought and actionInto that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake.
-Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 37
Success and Risk
• Don’t keep forever on the public road, going only where other have gone. Leave the beaten path occasionally and dive into the woods. You will be certain to find something you have never seen before. It will be a little thing but do not ignore it. Follow it up; explore around it, one discovery will lead to another and before you know it, you will have something really worth thinking about
Alexander Graham Bell
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 38
Success
• Sow a thought and reap an act
Sow an act, reap a habit
Sow a habit, reap a character
Sow a character, reap a destiny
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 39
Risk and Reward
• I shall be telling with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence
Two roads diverged in the woods and I
I took the one less travelled by
And that has made all the difference- Robert Frost
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 40
Lives of Great Men
• Lives of great men all remind us
We can make our lives sublime
And, departing, leave behind us
Foot prints on the sands of time
– Long fellow
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 41
Auto-biographies/ Life story of great men
• Lives of great men all remind us we may make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us foot prints on the sands of time.
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar• Lee Kuan Yew• Henry Ford• Jamshedji Tata, Dhirubhai Ambani, G D Birla• Khrushchev, Gorbachev• Ben Gurion, Golda Meir • Balagangadhar Tilak – Gita Rahasya• Margaret Thatcher• Irvine Shroedinger• Andy Grove• Einstein• Oppenhammer• Betrand Russel • K M Munshi• Rajaji• M C Chagla
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 42
Dhanyawad:Thank You
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 43
BHARAT MAHAN!(Intellectuals estimate of India)
India is the only country which never
invaded any foreign country
“India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without even having to send a single soldier across her border”.- HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to USA
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 44
Bhaskaracharya (5th century AD) calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds
ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: 365.258756484 days.
The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived
from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’
BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 45
Budhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known as the
Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians.
Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Sridharacharya propounded quadratic equations
in the 11th century.
BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 46
The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest
used number is Peta: 1015.
The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.
India invented the Number System.
Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.
BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 47
Sushruta is the father of surgery, 2600 years ago he and health scientists of his time conducted complicated surgeries like
cesareans, cataracts, artificial legs, fractures, urinary stones and even plastic surgery and brain surgery. Usage of anesthesia was well known in ancient India. Over 125 surgical equipment was used. Deep knowledge of
anatomy, physiology, etiology, embryology, digestion, metabolism, genetics and immunity
is also found in many texts.
BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 48
Ayurveda is the earliest school of medicine known to humans. Charaka, the father of medicine
consolidated Ayurveda 2500 years ago. Today Yoga and Ayurveda are fast regaining its rightful place in
our civilization.
The earliest reservoir and dam for irrigation was built in Saurashtra. According to Saka King
Rudradaman I of 150 CE a beautiful lake aptly called ‘Sudarshana’ was constructed on the hills of Raivataka
during Chandragupta Maurya’s time.
BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 49
“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that
nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind
has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them which well deserve the attention even of those who
have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we here in Europe, we who have
been nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that
corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured
and eternal life -- again I should point to India”. -MAX MULLER
BHARAT MAHAN!
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 50
“India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages; she
was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our
mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-
government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all”. -WILL
DURANT
BHARAT MAHAN!
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 51
“Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light
illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of the sectarianism. It is of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the
royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I am
under the spangled heavens of a summer night”.
-HENRY DAVID THOREAU
BHARAT MAHAN!
THC_CTMS S397_OCT 08 52
Dhanyawad:Thank You