www.primary-stem.co.uk FundedbytheMaritimeEducationalFoundation

TEACHER’SGUIDE-ANADVENTUREATSEA

PROJECTOVERVIEWTheMaritimeGrowthStudywhichwasundertakenin2015indicatedthereisalackofawarenessintheUKoftheimportanceofthemaritimesectortoeverydaylivingandmanyyoungpeoplehavelittleideaofthebreadthofcareeropportunitiesthatexistacrossthemaritimesector.InresponsetothisGrowthStudytheMaritimeEducationalFoundationhasfundedthisProjecttoraiseawarenessoftheMaritimeIndustrytotheprimarysector.AsfellowteachersourfocusthroughouttheProjectistomakeitaseasyaspossiblefortheteacherstodeliverandforthechildrentohavefun.TheProjectisaimedatYear6children,afterSATSasanengaging,enjoyableexperiencethroughwhichtheycanshowcaseknowledgepreviouslylearned.AlthoughwehavesuppliedasetofTeacher’sNotesforeachactivity,theactivitieshavenotbeendesignedto‘teachfromscratch’butratheranopportunityforthechildrentodevelopandexplorewhattheyalreadyknow.PROJECTORGANISATIONWhenpilotingtheProjectwithYear6children,thefeedbackweweregivenfromthechildrenandtheirteacherswasthatthechildrenbenefittedfromworkinginteamsandthishasinfluencedthedevelopmentoftheProject.However,thisisYOURchildren’sProjectandyoucanadaptittosuit.

ACTIVITIESCoreSTEMActivitiesTheProjectrevolvesaroundeightCoreSTEMActivitiesthatrequirethechildrentodesign,build,launch,loadandpropeltheirships.Theseeightactivitiescanberunconsecutivelyorspreadoutoveralongerperiodoftime.Aseachcoreactivityleadsonfromthenext,teacherswillneedtofamiliarisethemselveswithalltheeightactivitiesbeforethestartoftheProjecttoprovideappropriateresourcesandguidanceateachstage.Teachersmaychoosetouseonlythesecoreactivities,ormaychoosetoalsousetheextensionactivities(pleaseseebelow).ExtensionActivitiesTheProjectissupplementedwithtenextensionactivitiessetaroundrolesoncontainershipsandcruiseshipsandthesetasksaddressthewidercurriculum.TheycanbeusedasanintegralpartoftheProject.WOWVideosEachoftheaboveactivitiesaresupplementedwithashortvideowhichisintendedtobringtheProjecttolifeandtocreateaWOWfactorwhentheyseetheMaritimeIndustrybeingbroughttolife.SomeofthevideosareaccompaniedbyTaskSheetswithquestionsforthechildrentoanswer.TheCoreSTEMActivitiesandExtensionActivitiescanberunconcurrentlyorindependentlyastheteacherseesfit,theyarenotdependentuponeachother.

www.primary-stem.co.uk FundedbytheMaritimeEducationalFoundation

RESOURCESThisisaneLearningProjectandthesite,www.primary-stem.co.ukmustbeenabled.ThewebsiteisaccessibleonPCsandallmobiledevices.TheonlyexternalweblinksthechildrenwillneedtoaccessaretheBBCandthesearelistedbelow:http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/TheresourcesneededfortheCoreSTEMActivitiesaresuchthatwillenablethechildrentobuildandpropelaboat.Forexample,emptycontainers,glue,tape,elasticbands,plasticspoons,balloons.Inaddition,awaterproofcontainersuchasapaddlingpoolwillbeneededtoallowthechildrentosailtheirboats.Teacherswillneedtobemindfulofthesizeofthiscontainerandpropulsionmethodsavailablewhensupervisingthebuildingoftheships.ThechildrenrecordtheiractivitiesthroughouttheProjectintheirLogBook,teacherscandecidewhetherthiscanbebestdoneelectronicallyorhardcopy,individuallyorasateam.NAVIGATIONOFTHESITECHILDREN-CoreSTEMActivitiesThefirstscreenshowsavideoofchildrenwhohavekindlypilotedthisProjectwiththeirteachersandwillsharetheirexperienceswithyourchildren.ThechildrenaretheninvitedtobegintheirownMaritimeAdventure.ThechildrenwillmeetCaptainNitaandCaptainJackwhowillsetaseriesofchallengestoengagethechildrenintheProject.AtthebottomofeachpagetheuserhasthechoicetoclicktheLifebuoytoaccessTeacher’sNotes,clicktheAnchortoreturntotheHomePageorclicktheShip’sWheeltocontinuetothenextCoreSTEMActivity.AtcertainpointsintheProjectthechildrenareabletolookthroughtheCaptain’sTelescopetogivethemideasonhowtocarryoutthetasks.AsthechildrenprogressthroughtheCoreSTEMActivitiestheywillmeetrealpeoplewhoworkonships.TheSpinningPropellerbuttontakesthechildrentotheExtensionActivitiestohelpsomeofthecrewcarryouttheirduties.CHILDREN–ExtensionActivitiesTheExtensionActivitiesareallocatedtorolesonboardacruiseshipandacontainership.Childrencanfindoutmoreaboutthejobrolesontheseshipsandhavetheopportunitytohelpsolveday-to-daychallengesthesepeopleface.TheseActivitiescoverthewidercurriculumandastheyhavedonewiththeCoreSTEMActivities,thechildrenwillrecordtheActivitiesintheirLogBook.TEACHERSFromtheHomePageteachersareinvitedtoclicktheLifebuoytowatchavideoofthoseteacherswhopilotedtheProjecttalkabouttheirexperiences.FromthispageyouwillbeabletoaccesstheTeacher’sGuideandresourcesforeveryactivity.AtcertainpointsintheProjectyouareabletolookthroughtheCaptain’sTelescopetogiveyouideasontheresourcesneededfortheCoreSTEMActivities.FEEDBACKAttheendoftheProjectthechildrenwillhavetheopportunityletusknowwhattheythinkandalsotoprintoutaCertificate.TeacherswillbeabletoaccessaseriesofCertificateswhichtheycanpersonaliseandprintoutasrequiredeg‘BestTeam’,‘BestShip’,‘MostNutritionalMeal’etc.FundingforthisProjectisdependentonraisingawarenesswithinthePrimarySectorofMaritimeCareers,yourfeedbackissoimportant.AttheendoftheProjectyouwillbeinvitedtocompleteaveryshortsurvey(fivequestions)whichwilltakenolongerthanfiveminutesandasathankyou,youwillbeenteredintoadrawtoreceiveaCareersatSeaStationeryGoodyBagforyourclass.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE1

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYPupilscompletepage1oftheirLogBookbywritinginthenameoftheirship.Pupilsthendrawadesignofwhattheythinktheirshipwilllooklikeonceitisbuiltandjotdownsomeoftheideastheteamhasbeendiscussing.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMTechnologyArtandDesign

RESOURCESREQUIREDLogBook–Page1Drawingmaterials(colouredpens/pencilsetc)PupilsmaydecidetodrawtheirdesignonalargerpieceofpaperinwhichcasetheycanthenstickthesheetintotheirLogBook.

YOURROLEYoucandecidewhethertoinstructpupilstosavetheirLogBookselectronicallyorwhethertoworkonaprintedhardcopy.Pleaseremindpupilsthattheycancontinuetoamendtheirdesignastheyprogressthroughtheproject.Theyareaskedtojotdownsomeoftheideastheyhavebeendiscussingintheirteams,someofthequestionsyoucouldbeaskingthemare:Whyareyouchoosingthatparticularmaterial?Whyareyoumakingitthatsize?Whydoyouthinkthatdesignwillfloat?Howwillthepassengers/containersstaydryandstayonboard?

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE2

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYTobuildaship.Tosummarisetheirfindings.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMScience:DesignandEngineering:Maths:

RESOURCESREQUIREDLogBook–Page2Selectionofmaterialse.g.paper,card,foil,differentcontainers(plasticorwaterproofhelps),clay,balsawood,hadsaw,electricaltape,scissors,glue,Lego,plasticdrinksbottles,straws,elasticbands,plasticspoons,vinegarandbicarbonateofsoda.

YOURROLEYoucandecidewhethertoinstructpupilstosavetheirLogBookselectronicallyorwhethertoworkonaprintedhardcopy.Laterintheprojectthepupilswillbesailingtheirshipsandrecordinghowlongtheirshiptakestosailfromoneendofthecontainertotheother.Itisworthtakingintoaccounthowbigtheirshipsaregoingtobeinrelationtothecontainertheywillbesailingthemin.Ideally,asmallpaddlingpoolorballpoolwouldbeavailable.Tosupervisethepupils,eitheringroupsorindividually,astheybuildtheirships.Encouragetheuseoflanguagearoundshape,areaandvolume.SupportpupilstocompletePage2oftheirLogBookswiththeirscientificfindings.Thechildrenwillusethisshipforalltheotheractivesinthispackagesoensurethattheybuilditwell,andallowtimeforthemtoevaluatetheirworkandmakeanyadjustmentstheyconsidernecessary.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE3

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYUsingANYmethodofdesignpupilswilldesignandmakeapropulsionsystemfortheirships.Toevaluateandre-designasnecessary.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMScienceDesignandEngineeringMaths

RESOURCESREQUIREDResourcepack,plasticspoons,elasticbands,plasticbottles,vinegarandbicarbonateofsoda,magnets,balloons,straws,lollysticks,materialsforsails,tealights,batteriesandwires,stickytape,glue.

YOURROLETosupervisethepupils,eitheringroupsorindividually,astheylaunchtheirships.Encouragetheuseoflanguagearoundpotentialandkineticenergy,friction,density,surfacetension,andchemicalreactions.SupportpupilstocompletePage3oftheirLogBookswiththeirscientificfindings

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.Pupilscaneitherprintoff

hardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE4

OUTLINEOFACTIVITY

Pupilswillgathersomesmallmaterialsthatcanactaseither‘containers’or‘passengers’,e.g.Lego

bricksandfigures,countingblocks,marblesetc.

Decideasaclasshowmanyofyourblocksaregoingtorepresent1containeror100passengers.

Loadyourshipwith‘containers’or‘passengers’.

Adjustyourdesignasnecessary.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUM

Science

DesignandEngineering

Maths

RESOURCESREQUIRED

Asuitablylargecontainerofwater.

Somesmallmaterialsthatcanactaseither‘containers’or‘passengers’,eglegobricks,counting

blocks,marblesetc.

YOURROLE

Toagreewiththepupilswhichmaterialwillberepresentingtheonecontaineror100passengers–

inordertomakethecompetitionfair,allpupilswillneedtousethesamematerial.

Childrenmayneedtoadjusttheirdesignstotakeaccounttheycanmaximisetheamountof‘cargo’

theirshipscancarry.Althoughpupilswillseethesignificanceofstackingcontainersontopofeach

other,theymaynotappreciatethatcruiseshipsusethesameconceptbyusinganumberofdecks.

SupportpupilstocompletePage4oftheirLogBookswiththeirscientificfindings.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE5

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYMeasurethelength,breadthanddepthoftheirship.Calculatethesurfaceareaoftheirshipandthevolumeoftheirship.UsingthewebsitefindhowbigREALshipsare.CalculatehowmanytimestheywouldhavetoscaleupYOURshipsothatitwasthesizeofaREALship.Findaspace,outsideifpossible,andmeasuretheLENGTHandBREADTHofarealcontainershiporarealcruiseship.ImagineYOURshipfillingthisspace.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMDesignandEngineeringMaths

RESOURCESREQUIREDLargespace,preferablyoutsideMeasuringwheelsorsticks.

YOURROLETosupervisethepupilsastheymeasureorpaceoutthesizeofarealship.Encouragetheuseoflanguagearoundofshape,area,volumeetc.SupportpupilstocompletePage5oftheirLogBookswiththeirscientificfindings.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE6

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYOncetheirshipsarefullyloadedthepupilswilllaunchthem!Theycantimetheirshipscrossingthecontainerofwater.Pupilswillexaminethecargowhentheshipreachesitsdestination.Adjusttheirdesignasnecessary.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMScienceDesignandEngineeringMaths

RESOURCESREQUIREDAsuitablylargecontainerofwater.Fullyloadedships.Stopwatches.

YOURROLEYoumaywishtoactastimekeeperorallocatethistasktoapupil.Drawupaleaderboard.SupportpupilstocompletePage6oftheirLogBookswiththeirscientificfindings.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

LOGBOOKPAGE7

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYThisactivityrequiresthepupilstoapplytheirmathsskillstofindoutwhethertheywouldhavemadeaprofittakingintoaccountsomeoftheircosts.Thistaskbuildsuptocalculationssomepupilsmayfinddifficult.Thereisasimplertaskofdesigningcurrencybuiltintothispage.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMMaths

RESOURCESREQUIREDNone

YOURROLEYoumayneedtoadjustthefiguresonpage7oftheLogBooktoaddressthedifferenttypesofcargoesthatthechildrenhavedecidedtocarryontheirships,andforthesizeofthecontainerorpoolinwhichtheywill‘gotosea’.Discusswithpupilsthetypeofothercoststhatmaybeincurredbytheships,whichcouldinclude:wages,foodforcrewandpassengers,cleaning(thistaskisaboutintroducingthepupilstotheconceptthatallbusinesswillincurcosts).Drawupaleaderboardtofindoutwhomadethemostprofit.SupportpupilstocompletePage7oftheirLogBookswiththeirfindings.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CONTAINER SHIP ACTIVITY – DECK OFFICER

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To be identify the planets in our Solar System To be able to draw or make a model of the Solar System

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book Coloured pens/pencils to draw the Solar System or materials to enable the pupils to make a model of the Solar System.

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will be taken to the BBC Website where they will be able to watch a short video and complete a short quiz about the Solar System. The pupils may wish to access this information before proceeding with the task or they may be confident enough to give it a go straight away. They can then either draw the Solar System in their Log Book or they can opt to make a model of the Solar System and take a photograph to put into their Log Book. If you would like to extend the activity, the pupils could research how the mariners used the stars and the planets to navigate in the early days of maritime travel.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CONTAINER SHIP ACTIVITY - ENGINEER

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To recognise Engineering Symbols To solve Engineering Problems to ensure ship is able to sail

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science: Engineering:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Engineer Engineering Diagram and Handy Tips Sheet

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see an Engineering Diagram on page 1 and some Handy Tips on page 2 which will help them complete the task. Answers to the tasks:

x Valves 4 and 5 must be opened to allow fuel in to the engine.

x Pupils should draw the symbol for the Heater. The Heater is used to warm up the oil making it thinner and therefore easier to be pumped into the engine.

x The Purifiers may be damaged and therefore any debris which may be in the oil is not being removed.

x Pupils should draw the symbols for the Centrifugal Pump and Centrifugal Purifiers

x The Centrifugal Pumps are important because they are responsible for moving the oil around the

engine room. The Centrifugal Purifiers are important because they separate any debris in the oil, if any debris did get into the engine it could cause the engine to break down.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CONTAINER SHIP ACTIVITY - COOK

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY Pupils will now have a good idea as to the types of jobs of the different members of the crew. They will know that they work hard and so need healthy food to keep them going. Pupils are asked to help the Cook to plan a healthy meal which they can draw in their Log Book or draw on paper in stick in their Log Book.

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Cook Food Groups Diagram

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see a diagram of the different food groups. Pupils can plan one dish or a three-course meal but should take into account that the most healthy meals are made up of all the different food groups. The pupils should be able to explain which of the different food groups are particularly important for the crew, who work really hard and need lots of energy eg Slow-burning starches which give sustained energy Starchy foods – also called carbohydrates – such as potatoes, bread, cereals and pasta are an important part of a healthy diet. They're a good source of energy and the main source of a range of nutrients. Starchy foods such as potatoes, bread, rice, pasta and cereals should make up just over a third of the food you eat. Where possible, go for slow-burning wholegrain or wholemeal varieties, as they release energy gradually.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.Pupilscaneitherprintoff

hardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

CONTAINERSHIPACTIVITY–FITTERANDDECKHAND

OUTLINEOFACTIVITY

Pupilsworkinteamstomakearopeoutoftoiletroll.Efficientcommunicationandteamworkis

requiredassmallergroupscometogetherandtwiststrandsoftheropetogether.

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUM

PHYSICALEDUCATION

SCIENCE-forces

ENGINEERING

RESOURCESREQUIRED

OPENSPACE

TOILETROLLS

YOURROLE

Youwillneedtosupervisethechildrenastheylayoutandbegintotwisttheirropestogether.Some

childrenmayneedsupportindecidingwhichwayisclockwiseandwhichisanti-clockwise.Itdoes

notactuallymatterwhichwaytheytwistfirstaslongasthetwisteachstageintheopposite

direction.

Ifplaying‘tug-of-war’withthecompletedropespleasebeawareoffallingbackwardsifandwhen

theropesnaps.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CRUISE SHIP ACTIVITY – DECK OFFICER

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To carry out research on electrical storms Use the information they have found out to design a Fact Sheet for the passengers to give them some information on electrical storms

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science: Literacy:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Deck Officer Link to video clips about electrical storms

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see a link from the Met Office giving them some information on electrical storms which will help them complete the task. Although the video clips provide some information it is anticipated that the pupils will undertake further research in order to complete their task. Pupils can either complete the Fact Sheet in their Log Books, or on paper or the computer and then stick them into their Log Book. As this is for the passengers the pupils should be encouraged to make it colourful and interesting.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CRUISE SHIP ACTIVITY - ENGINEER

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To recognise Engineering Symbols To solve Engineering Problems to ensure ship is sea worthy

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science: Engineering:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Engineer Engineering Diagram and Handy Tips Sheet

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see an Engineering Diagram on page 1 and some Handy Tips on page 2 which will help them complete the task. Answers to the tasks:

x The Ball Valve should be checked first x Valve 11 is referred to as a Gate Valve, it is normally kept closed because at this point the liquid

contains untreated sewage. If the valve was opened, the ship would be releasing liquid into the sea which could damage the environment and the wildlife.

x If valves 12 and 13 are open but the sewage is not reaching the treatment tanks it is probably because the centrifugal pump is not working. This means that the sewage is not being forced down the pipes.

x Even though the water is safe for drinking it will be interesting to find out who would actually drink it knowing how it started out!

x Yes, it is fine to open Valve 17, the water is completely clean and of no damage to either the environment or wildlife.

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CRUISE SHIP ACTIVITY – PURSER

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To carry out research on The Northern Lights Use the information they have found out to design a Poster for the passengers to persuade them to book a trip to see the Northern Lights.

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Science: Literacy:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Purser Link to video clips about the Northern Lights

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see a link from the BBC giving them some information on the Northern Lights which will help them complete the task. The video clip is quite extensive and age appropriate so it should be enough research for them to complete their task however they may want to carry out further research (some of the video clips and images they will be able to see are spectacular). Pupils can either complete the Poster in their Log Books, or on paper or the computer and then stick the Poster into their Log Book. As this task is to persuade passengers to book a trip they should make use of persuasive writing and make the Poster really interesting for the passengers to read .

TEACHER’S NOTES Throughout these activities the pupils can work independently or in teams. Pupils can either print off hard copies of their Log Books or complete them electronically and save them.

CRUISE SHIP ACTIVITY – CHEF

OUTLINE OF ACTIVITY To carry out research on the different types of food popular in Barbados Use this information to create a three-course meal and design a menu for the passengers

REF TO NATIONAL CURRICULUM Literacy: Geography: Art and Design:

RESOURCES REQUIRED Log Book – Chef Link to suggestions for types of food to include in menu

YOUR ROLE

When pupils click on the they will see a table providing them with some suggestions as to dishes they could include in their menu. Although the table provide some information it is anticipated that the pupils will undertake further research in order to complete their task. This will provide an opportunity for pupils to find out where Barbados is on the map and to find out about the other islands which make up the Caribbean. Pupils can either complete their Menu in their Log Books, or on paper or the computer and then stick them into their Log Book. As this is for the passengers the pupils should be encouraged to make it colourful and interesting and use those foods which represent Barbados or the Caribbean.

TEACHER’SNOTESThroughouttheseactivitiesthepupilscanworkindependentlyorinteams.PupilscaneitherprintoffhardcopiesoftheirLogBooksorcompletethemelectronicallyandsavethem.

CRUISESHIPACTIVITY–FITTERANDDECKHAND

OUTLINEOFACTIVITYAfunwidegameplayedintheschoolhalloroutdoorspace.Inalargeopenspaceidentifyandmarkareasasthefollowingpartsofyourship:Bow(front) Stern(back) Port(left) Starboard(right) Overboard(thesea!)AllocateonepersontotakechargeastheBosun(theleaderoftheFittersandDeckHands),TheBosuncanshoutthecommandslistedontheinformationsheetfortheclasstoobey

REFTONATIONALCURRICULUMPHYSICALEDUCATION

RESOURCESREQUIREDLARGEOPENSPACE

YOURROLEYoucanassumetoeroleoftheBosunoroverseeallocationtochildren.Normaloutdoor/sportsactivitiesriskassessmentshouldbemade.