1

Teacher Design Decisions during Technology

Integration

Susan Marie HartPresenter

The Association for Educational Communications and Technology

International ConferenceOctober 31, 2009

2

Background Millions spent providing

Hardware and software to schools Grants to educate teachers in

technology use Federal and professional standards

set No Child Left Behind National Education Technology Plan ISTE – NETS Standards

3

Issue

Students not routinely taught to use technology in meaningful ways Lower levels of Bloom’s taxonomy Internet research, word processing

4

Conceptual Model

Background Characteristics

Teacher design decisions while integrating technology

into lessons

Instructional Design Practices

Technology Integration Practices

Contextual Factors

Pedagogical Beliefs about Technology

Instructional Design Beliefs and Practices

Inputs Processing Outputs

5

Research Questions

Models or principles that guide design?

How is technology integrated? Level of technology use? Influence of pedagogical beliefs? Influence of contextual issues? Influence of teacher backgrounds?

6

Research Design

Background Questionnaire

Design Session – Think Aloud Protocol Post-Design Session

InterviewWarm-upExercise

DesignExercise

7

Design Exercise

8

Design Exercise

9

Design Exercise

10

Design Exercise

11

Analysis-Learners-Environment-Content-Objectives

Results

Teacher Design Practice

Design-Reflecting/Revising-More analysis-Prior experience-Content knowledge-State standards

Strategies-Motivational-Teacher-based (61%)-Student-centered (39%)-Internet research-Learning styles ackn.-Lower levels Blooms

Development-Materials- create-Materials – public-Materials - personal

Implementation-Resource availability-Macro & micro timing-Management –tech.-Management – general-Parent & school

Assessment-Rubrics-Electonic/non-elec. presentations-Tests, papers, classwork-Group projects

12

Teacher Use Productivity and communication Research Instruction- pp; Inspiration; movies;

music Hardware – laptop, datashow, dvd

player Class website

Results

Teacher Technology Integration

13

Student Use Internet – research; images Presentations – PP; Flickr Type papers Publish books of poetry

Results

Teacher Technology Integration

Teachers very non-specific in how their students could use the technology available.

14

Degree of administrative and technical support

Ease of access to current and working technology

Appropriate training for students and teachers

Opportunities to collaborate with colleagues

Clear technology policies

Results

Contextual Issues

15

Preparation for present and future Nice, but not necessary, for learning Can impede learning Use for learning enhancement or

reinforcement Use because of learner preference May improve efficiency of instructional

delivery Use for research

Results

Pedagogical BeliefsTechnology ….

16

Directed students in use of Internet Used school or class websites Emphasis on resource availability

during implementation Emphasized micro timing of lessons All four integrated some use of

technology

Results

Effect of IT Degree

17

Other Influences Not a priority in teachers’ schools or

districts Subordinated due to multiple competing

instructional priorities Teachers not comfortable using

technology with students Pedagogical beliefs did not support using

technology for instruction Design exercise characteristics may have

influenced technology integration choices

18

Suggestions – Pre-service

Complete courses in which software packages and Internet skills are taught

Teach technology integration during methods courses

Technology-rich field experiences – observing and teaching

19

Shared vision – teachers and administrators

Tie technology use to curricular goals and achievement test success

Small successes – one course at a time

Suggestions – In-service

20

Standardized professional development model (Hew and Brush, 2007) Train in relevant technology Show how to apply technology in

pedagogically sound ways Teach technology-related classroom

management skills Provide opportunities for teacher

networking and professional learning communities

Suggestions – In-service

21