Upload
aliza
View
23
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Enhancing bridge simulation training programmes with the application of maritime aids for emergency responses. T.Bosma 1 , I. Lazakis 1 , O.Turan 1 , C.J. Muijskens 2 1 University of Strathclyde Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, Glasgow, U.K. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Enhancing bridge simulation training programmes with the application of maritime aids for emergency responses
T.Bosma1 , I. Lazakis1, O.Turan1, C.J. Muijskens2 1 University of Strathclyde Department of Naval Architecture & Marine Engineering, Glasgow, U.K.2 Maritime Institute Willem Barentz, Terschelling The Netherlands
Bridge 2011Rauma, 9-10 June 2011
Presentation layout
IntroductionIdentification of training needs
Analysed results of the outcomes of questionnaireResults of the analysis of the MAIB accident reports
Implementation of a real accidents scenario on a Full mission simulator
Observed results of the implementationDiscussion/conclusions
Introduction‘M’AIDER’ project (Maritime Aids Development
for Emergency Responses)
The M’AIDER project, an EU funded project, part of the Leonardo Lifelong Learning Programme, looking at updating the merchant navy Education and Training programmes
M’AIDER Project partners:
1. Strathclyde University , dpt of Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering, U.K.
2. C4FF, Centre for factories of the Future Ltd,education, training and research company ,U.K.
3. TUDEV, Maritime Training centre, Turkey4. MIWB, Maritime Instituut Willem Barentz, Maritime
Higher education institution, Netherlands5. LMA, Lithuanian Maritime Academy, Maritime Higher
educational institution, Lithuania6. Spinaker d.o.o Maritime VET and adult education
provider, SME, Slovenia7. IDEC S.A, Maritime Training centre, Greece
Project AIMS and objectivesImprove safety at sea and in ports
One of the projects objectives :Developing a real case scenario based training programme, reducing the risk of
Human error at sea: Identification of training gaps and needs of current
seafarers and students Questionnaire
The most frequent emergency situations are identified and analysed.
Analyse U.K. accident reports occurred with merchant ships in the past 19 years (Maritime Accident Investigation Branch)
Select and implement real case scenarios into Bridge simulator training programmes
The results of the analysis will contribute to the development of:
Training courses for the maritime education of seafarers
Simulator trainingE-learning and e-assessmentBased on the chosen real accident scenarios,
intelligent exercises will be developed for application in both the bridge area and in the integrated and full-mission simulators
Transfer of the knowledge already existing in the form of video software or existing internet e-learning/assessment
Methodology
•Analysis of accident reports
•Analysis of the results of the questionnaire
•Select real accident emergency scenarios
Create scenarios for application on bridge
training and full mission bridge simulators
Identification of training needs
Questionnaire
Main aim: find the shortcomings in the current seafarer's maritime education training
Structure of the questionnaire
GENERAL INFORMATIONNationality/age/rank relationship
BRIDGE SIMULATION TRAININGEducationSeagoing experience related to emergency scenarios
COLREGS EducationKnowledge of the regulations to avoid accidents at sea
General information
The Netherlands,
19%
U.K., 21%Lithuania, 30%
Turkey, 11%
Slovenia, 4%
Other, 2%Unknown, 13%
145 participants
Nationality distribution
Age/Rank relationship
• 18-30: 60% cadet•31-40 : 45% Master, 39% officer•41-50: 80% Master•51 and older: 86% Masters
65%
15% 8% 12
%
Bridge Simulator Training
Bridge simulator training/Nationality/Age
• 70% yes BST• 30% No BST
Age:• 37% 18-30 years had no BST•0% 31-40 years•20% 41-50 years•21% 51-and older
According to previous research accident reports
88% of the accidents at sea are caused by Human
factors
Of which 60% are directly related to individual
mistakes
(Bosma et al 2010, MAIB database)
Scenarios covered in participants’ Bridge simulator Training
0 20 40 60 80
Communication issues on the ship between bridge members
Communication on the ship between the bridge and the engine room
Navigation equipment, inappropriate use, over reliance, effect of automation
Inadequate passage planning, contingency planning
Loss of situational awareness, desicion making
Pilot onboard, master.officer-pilot relationship
Fatique
Inadeqeate training in use of bridge systems
Bridge design deficiencies, poor ergonomics
Not undertaken Bridge simulation training
Other, please specify
Most important differences between BST and real lifeAbsence of the human physical well being
and stress/psychological factors due to circumstances on board daily life
FatigueSeasicknessProblems at home etc
Training needs
The most important factors contributing to
accidents like, loss of situational awareness, are
going to be covered by implementing real
emergency scenario on BST
65% of the participants agreed that simulation of
real accident scenarios on bridge simulator training
is very useful
COLREGS
One of most important human errors leading to an incident is about
collision regulations that are not applied or are applied incorrectly
Participants were asked about their familiarity with the COLREGS
and how useful they were to them compared to the reality
Analysis were carried out to find out what type of incident the
participants have experienced and were involved in themselves,
Their familiarity with the COLREGS, and what training methods
they received to get familiarised with the COLREGS.
In general
Received/most effective COLREGS training methods115
77
47
30
60
11197
2232
71
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Theory session in classroom
Onboard training
Individual training
(includes online learning and/or
DVD lessons etc.)
Case studies of accidents-video
presentation
Bridge simulation
training
Learning techniques received Most effective learning techniques
Participants involvement in incidents
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Near collision, close quaters situation, or collision with another vessel
Close contact, collsion, with shore structures
Near grounding, or collsion
Close contact or collision or collision in port
Fire on board ship
Machinery failure
Don't know
None
Count
128
In agreement with the MAIB database, statistic results say that 36% of all the incidents at sea are Collisions
62
Reason why the experienced collision occurred
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Leaving or entering a harbour
Rough weather
Passing through a channel
Poor look out
Low visibility
Poor passage planning
Failure with communication equipment
Main engine room failure
Steering failure
Poor manning
High density of traffic
No collsion or near collsion experience
Don't know
Other
CountAlso in the open questions, participants agreed that one of the most important reasons that a collision occurred was due to low visibility
Ranking the reasons to collision according to their importance - top 5
Only 11 participants chose Poor Look out as a reason to collision
Poor look out is one of the main factors contributing to accidents at sea, according to the accidents reports analysis
From experience General opinion1 Low visibility Poor look out2 leaving or entering a harbour High density of traffic3 passing through a channel passing through a channel4 High density of traffic Low visibility5 Poor look out poor passage planning
• Accidents caused by ‘Low visibility’ often is the results of misinterpretation of the COLREGS. • Most people are unaware of the underlying
human factors contributing to accidents, improvement of the awareness is needed
Most important training gaps identified BST:
Most suitable schedule of an emergency training scenario
The most suitable incident training scenario contain the following:
Incident Location
Incident type
Vessel type
Results of the analysis of the MAIB accident reports
Most notable underlying factors (MAIB database analysis)The Unawareness of a situation
Poor decision making, use of information
Procedure carried out inadequately
Inattention
The loss of attention due to personal problems such as fatigue (3%), vigilance (3%) etc
These most frequently occurred underlying factors will eventually lead to the human errors. These are the errors that will lead directly to the incident.
The most frequent occurring types of human error are:
Incorrect or insufficient action taken Collision regulations not appliedSpeed or heading not altered or risk not
appreciatedInadequate passage planningPoor look out
Chosen emergency case scenarios for BST application:
10 emergency real case scenarios were chosen for implementation on bridge simulatorsMSTC : implement a scenario in student training and investigate the results of this scenario. The scenario was based on a real accidentScot Isles / Wadi Halfa , which happened in 2008 in Dover Strait.