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PHARMACODYNAMICS

OF

ALCOHOL

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CVS

Small dose : Produce only cutaneous and

gastric vasodilation. Skin is warm and

flushed

Moderate dose : Cause tachycardia and a

mild rise in BP due to increased muscular

activity and sympathetic stimulation.

Large dose : Cause direct myocardial as

well as vasomotor centre depression and

there is fall in BP.

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Blood

Regular intake of small to moderate

amounts of alcohol has been found to

raise HDL-cholesterol level and decrease

LDL oxidation.

Mild anemia is common in chronic

alcoholics.

Megaloblastic anemia is due to

interference with folate metabolism

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Respiration

Alcohol is reputed as respiratory stimulant

in collapse.

Alcohol irritates buccal and pharyngeal

mucosa which may transiently stimulate

respiration reflexly.

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GIT

Dilute alcohol 10% is a strong stimulant of

gastric secretion. 20% inhibits gastric

secretion cause vomiting, mucosal

congestion and gastritis

Lower esophageal sphincter tone is

reduced

Acute pancreatitis

Bowel movement alteration

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Liver

It mobilizes peripheral fat and increases

fat synthesis in liver (Steatosis)

Proteins many also accumulate in liver

because their secretion is decreased.

Chronic alcoholism exposes liver to

oxidative stress and cause cellular

necrosis followed by fibrosis.

These combined with vitamin and other

nutritional deficiencies may be responsible

for alcoholic cirrhosis.

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Skeletal Muscle

It produces little direct effect.

Fatigue is allayed.

Weakness and myopathy occurs inchronic alcoholism.

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Kidney

Diuresis is often noticed after alcohol

intake.

It does not impair renal function.

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Sex

Is reputed as an aphrodisiac.

Chronic alcoholism can produce

impotence, testicular atrophy

gynaecomastia and infertility in both men

and women.

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Endocrine

Moderate amounts increase adrenaline

release which causes hyperglycemia.

Acute intoxication is often associated with

hypoglycemia and depletion of hepatic

glycogen, because gluconeogenesis is

inhibited.

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Uterus

Uterine contractions are suppressed at

moderate levels.

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The End

Itharshan (11952797)

Rommel (11952808)

Tarun (11952795) Amala (11952784)

Amy (11952783)

Farzia (11952741) Suman (11952768)