Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis iuridiuli fakulteti · 2018-07-12 · sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #2 4 umoqmedobis mizezobriobis zogierTi sadavo sakiTxi sicocxlis winaaRmdeg

sisxlis samarTlisaqtualuri sakiTxebi

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis

Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis

iuridiuli fakulteti

Tbilisi, 2017

#2

ISSN 2449-3112ISSN 2449-3112

sisxlis samarTlis

aqtualuri sakiTxebi



iuridiuli fakulteti

Tbilisi

2017

#2

ISSN 2449-3112

gamomcemloba `meridiani~, Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz. #47.

239-15-22; E-mail: [email protected]

© avtorTa jgufi, 2017

ISSN 2449-3112

teq. redaqtori kaxaber rusiZe

saredaqcio sabWo:

maia ivaniZemarina mesxinino gogniaSvili

Tamar maxarobliZe

koreqtori neli elizbaraSvili

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa daviT kutubiZe

Tsu iuridiuli fakulteti

sisxlis samarTlis mimarTulebis

perioduli gamocema

3

Sinaarsi

nona Todua

umoqmedobis mizezobriobis zogierTi sadavo sakiTxi

sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulSi ..................................................................4

marina mesxi

femicidi _ sakanonmdeblo regulirebis gamocdileba da

gamowvevebi ............................................................................................................................................16

Tamar maxarobliZe

arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Zaladobis formebi da misgan dacvis

samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi ...........................................................................................................23

salome Sengelia

qalTa mimarT Zaladoba

genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT .......................................................................................38

badri koWlamazaSvili

ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebis

ganxilvis Taviseburebani sasamarTloSi .............................................................................49

lela metreveli

ojaxSi Zaladoba da msxverplis fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis aspeqtebi.........57

elene goguaZe

aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis Taviseburebani

ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladobis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze ........................................65

sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi #2

4

umoqmedobis mizezobriobis zogierTi sadavo sakiTxi

sicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulSi

nona Todua,

samarTlis doqtori,

Tsu profesori

doqtrinasa da sasamarTlo praqtikaSi umoqmedobis mizezobrioba erT-erT proble-

mur sakiTxad rCeba. am TvalsazrisiT, ar iqneba interess moklebuli ganvixiloT, Tu

rogor unda Sefasdes moZraobis usafrTxoebis an transportis eqspluataciis wesis

damrRvevi mZRolis qmedeba, roca igi daxmarebis gareSe datovebs avariisagan dazarale-

buls?

dasawyisSive unda aRiniSnos, rom Tuki saTanado wesis darRvevam gamoiwvia piris

janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianeba, xolo mZRolma daxmarebis gareSe miatova igi,

qmedeba dakvalificirdeba mxolod ssk 276-e muxlis pirveli (an meore) nawiliT. am dros

damatebiTi kvalifikacia ssk 128-e muxliT (gansacdelSi mitoveba) dauSvebelia, radgan

gansacdelSi mitoveba gulisxmobs dauxmareblad imis mitovebas, vinc imyofeboda si-

cocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi. janmrTelobis naklebad mZime dazianeba ki iseTi

xarisxis dazianebaa, rac araa saSiSi sicocxlisaTvis.1

danaSaulTa erTobliobiT kvalifikaciis sakiTxi dgeba maSin, roca mZRolis gaufrTx-

ilebeli qmedeba gamoiwvevs sxva piris janmrTelobis mZime dazianebas (radgan aseTi

xarisxis dazianeba saSiSia sicocxlisaTvis) da igi daxmarebis gareSe miatovebs daSave-

buls.

ganvixiloT es sakiTxi ramdenime variantSi:

pirveli varianti: mZRolma daarRvia moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesi (mag. moZraobda

dauSvebeli siCqariT) da Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT mZimed daaSava moqalaqe. Semdeg

miatova igi daxmarebis gareSe da wavida, radgan SeeSinda sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasux-

ismgeblobis. amave dros imedi daamyara SemTxvevis adgilas myof xalxze, rom isini mieS-

velebodnen mas.

mocemul SemTxvevaSi saxezea danaSaulTa erToblioba. kerZod, ssk 276-e muxlis

mesa me nawili (moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis darRveva, ramac gamoiwvia janmrTelobis

mZime dazianeba) da gansacdelSi mitoveba (ssk 128-e m.), radgan mZRolma Tavisi winare

qmedebiT (Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT mZimed daaSava piri) SeiZina samarTlebrivi garan-

tis funqcia.2 am dros mZRols gacnobierebuli aqvs, rom piri imyofeba sicocxlisaTvis

saSiS mdgomareobaSi, aseve is, rom mas akisria garantis funqcia da isic, rom daxmareba

misi SesaZleblobis farglebSia _ SeuZlia waiyvanos saavadmyofoSi.

am qmedebis kvalifikaciisas ara aqvs mniSvneloba imis garkvevas, sinamdvileSi (real-

1 ix. sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb. 2016, gv. 147-148.

2 samarTlebrivi garantis sakiTxze ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili,

danaSaulis gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tb. 2011, gv. 303-328; q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi, wignSi: sisxlis

samarTali, zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, red. g.naWyebia, n. Todua, Tb. 2016 (me-2 gamoc.), gv. 137-148; m.

turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb. 2013, gv. 276-282.

umoqmedobis mizezobriobis zogierTi sadavo sakiTxisicocxlis winaaRmdeg mimarTul danaSaulSi

nonaTodua

5

urad) SesZlebda Tu ara samarTlebrivi garanti daSavebulis gadarCenas. mTavaria, rom

SeeZlo daxmareboda mas Tavisi SesaZleblobis farglebSi.3

rac Seexeba mosalodnel mZime Sedegs _ sikvdils, (romelic ssk 128-e muxlis Semad-

genlobis gareTaa), mis mimarT mZRols amoZravebda gaufrTxilebloba. kerZod, TviTime-

dovneba, radgan imeds amyarebda iq myof xalxze. mocemul situaciaSi qmedebis ssk 128-e

muxliT kvalifikaciisaTvis mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, gadarCa Tu ara daSavebuli. amas

mniSvneloba aqvs mxolos ssk 276-e muxlis Sesabamisi nawiliT (mesame, Tu mexuTe nawili)

qmedebis kvalifikaciisaTvis. kerZod, Tu daSavebuli miuxedavad mZRolis dauxmareblo-

bisa, mainc gadaarCines, mZRolis qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk 276-e muxlis me-3 nawil-

isa (ramac gamoiwvia janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba) da ssk 128-e muxlebis (gansacdelSi

mitoveba) erTobliobiT. xolo Tuki miyenebuli dazianebis gamo daSavebuli gardaicva-

la, mZRolis qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawiliTa (ramac gamoiwvia

sicocxlis mospoba) da 128-e muxlebis erTobliobiT.

meore varianti: mZRolma Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT mZimed daaSava ra moqalaqe, mia-

tova igi daxmarebis gareSe, radgan SeeSinda pasuxismgeblobis. amave dros araferze da

aravisze ar amyarebda imeds, radgan SemTxvevis adgilze aravin imyofeboda. amdenad, igi

uSvebda, miyenebuli dazianebisagan (da ara Tavisi umoqmedobisgan) mZimed daSavebulis

gardacvalebis SesaZleblobas.

mocemul viTarebaSi qmedebis kvalifikacia ar icvleba (ssk 276-e muxlis mesame naw.

da 128-e muxli), radgan gansacdelSi mitovebisas samarTlebriv garants mosalodnel

SedegTan _ sikvdilTan (romelic ssk 128-e muxlis gareTaa), SesaZloa akavSirebdes ara

marto gaufrTxilebloba, aramed arapirdapiri ganzraxvac.4 am SemTxvevaSic qmedebis ssk

128-e muxliT kvalifikaciisaTvis aseve ara aqvs mniSvneloba imas, gadarCa Tu ara daSave-

buli. aqac amas mniSvneloba aqvs mxolod qmedebis ssk 276-e muxlis Sesabamisi nawiliT

(mesame, Tu mexuTe naw.) kvalifikaciisaTvis.

sakiTxavia, mainc ratom ar dakvalificirdeba sikvdilis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi es

qmedeba (daSavebulis mitoveba) arapirdapiri ganzraxviT, umoqmedobiT Cadenili mkvle-

lobiT (108-e m.)? gasagebia, rom sanam ar damdgara sasikvdilo Sedegi, manam am qmedebas

mkvlelobis mcdelobiT ver davakvalificirebT, radgan qarTul sinamdvileSi arapirda-

pir ganzraxvas ar axasiaTebs mcdeloba,5 magram Sedegis dadgomis SemTxvevaSi ra uSlis

xels qmedebis mkvlelobiT kvalifikacias?

saqme isaa, rom aseTi kvalifikacia gaumarTlebeli iqneba ramdenime garemoebis gamo,

saidanac zogierTi aris materialuri, xolo zogierTi _ procesualuri garemoeba:

a) sasikvdilo Sedegi mocemul SemTxvevaSi uSualod gamoiwvia mZRolis mier gaufrTx-

ileblobiT Cadenilma qmedebam _ moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis darRvevam, rasac mohyva

dazaralebulis janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba, Sedeg ki – misi sikvdili. amdenad, sasik-

vdilo Sedegi uSualod ar gamouwvevia mZRolis mier Cadenil umoqmedobas – dazara-

lebulis mitovebas. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, aq mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala

iyo is Tavdapirveli dazianeba, rac mZRolma miayena pirs Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT

(moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis darRveviT) da romlis bunebrivad ganviTarebam gamoi-

3 ix. g. mamulaSvili wignSi: sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, red. g. mamulaSvili, Tb. 2016, gv. 186

4 am sakiTxze ix. g. mamulaSvili, dasax. naSromi, gv. 186.

5 arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenil danaSaulSi mcdelobis SeuZleblobis sakiTxze ix. T. wereTeli, sisxlis

samarTlis problemebi, pirv. tomi, Tb. 2007, gv. 486-493; o. gamyreliZe, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi,

me-3 tomi, Tb. 2013, gv. 244-246; q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi , sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, danaSaulis

gamovlinebis calkeuli formebi, Tb. 2011, gv. 70-83; g. mamulaSvili wignSi: sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili,

wigni pirveli, Tb. 2016, gv. 170-178; xolo amgvar danaSaulSi mcdelobis SesaZleblobis sakiTxze ix. m.

turava, sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawilis mimoxilva, Tb. 2013, gv. 310-311; l. xaranauli, daumTavrebeli

daaSaulis dasjadoba qarTuli da germanuli sisxlis samarTlis mixedviT, wigni II, gv. 147-182.


6

wvia es Sedegi. Sesabamisad, mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala ar iyo mZRolis Semdgomi

umoqmedoba (daSavebulis gansacdelis mitoveba);6

b) SeuZlebelia mZRols davusabuToT, rom roca igi daxmarebis gareSe tovebda

dazaralebuls, gacnobierebuli hqonda dazaralebulis gadarCenis SesaZlebloba, Tuki

mas SesaZleblobis farglebSi gauwevda daxmarebas. samagierod, advilia imis dasabuTeba,

rom mZRols gacnobierebuli hqonda miyenebuli dazianebis Sedegad sikvdilis dadgomis

SesaZlebloba (rac mas ar surda), aseve gacnobierebuli hqonda misi mxridan daxmarebis

SesaZlebloba.

amdenad, SeuZlebelia imis damtkiceba, rom mZRols gacnobierebuli hqonda, daxmare-

bis SemTxvevaSi SeZlebda daSavebulis gadarCenas, radgan mocemul viTarebaSi advilad

SesaZlebeli da ufro sarwmunoa, mZRols efiqra, rom sanam saswrafo daxmarebis manqana

movidoda, sanam daSavebuls miiyvandnen saavadmyofoSi, an sanam medicinis muSakebi Seec-

debodnen mis daxmarebas, daSavebuli gardaicvleboda (miT umetes, rom yovelgvari eWvi

unda gadawydes piris sasargeblod);

g) gansaxilvel variantSi mZRols ar amoZravebda dazaralebulis sikvdilis mimarT

pirdapiri ganzraxva (arc pirveli xarisxis da arc e.w. meore xarisxis). amdenad, arc sur-

da es Sedegi da arc gacnobierebuli hqonda misi dadgomis gardauvaloba.

CamoTvlil mizezTagan yvelaze mTavaria pirveli mizezi – sasikvdilo SedegTan

uSualo mizezobriv kavSirSia mZRolis gaufrTxileblobiT Cadenili qmedeba (moZraobis

usafrTxoebis wesis darRveva), ramac gamoiwvia janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba da ara misi

Semdgomi umoqmedoba (dazaralebulis mitovebis faqti).

amdenad, es SemTxveva arsebiTad gansxvavdeba iseTi SemTxvevisagan, roca piri ara-

pirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenili qmedebiT afuZnebs safrTxes, ramac iwvevs sasikvdilo

Sedegs.

magaliTad, xalxTmraval quCaSi gasarTobad gamosulma petrem cecxlsasrulo iaraRi-

dan ramdenime tyvia dauSina yru kedels, ra drosac iTvaliswinebda, rom am marTl-

sawinaaRmdego qmedebas, SeiZleboda mohyoloda marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi. maT Soris

sikvdilic, rac mas ar surda, magram gulgrili iyo aseTi Sedegis mimarT (arapirdapiri

ganzraxva). marTlac, kedlidan asxletili erTi tyvia moxvda iqve mdgar pirs, romelic

adgilzeve gardaicvala. saxeze mkvleloba, Cadenili arapirdapiri ganzraxviT. aq petres

qmedebasa (tyviebis srola yru kedlis mimarTulebiT) da damdgar Sedegs (sikvdils) So-

ris aris uSualo mizezobrivi kavSiri, rac imas niSnavs, rom mizezobriobis damafuZnebe-

lia mis mier arapirdapiri ganzraxviT Cadenili qmedeba (tyviebis umisamarTo gasrola).

sabolood, unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: roca mZRoli daxmarebis gareSe tovebs misi

gaufrTxilebeli qmedebiT mZimed daSavebuls da araferze amyarebs imeds, mas gacnobi-

erebuli is ki ara aqvs, rom misi es umoqmedoba gamoiwvevs sasikvdilo Sedegs (anu moq-

medebis SemTxvevaSi SesZlebs am Sedegis acilebas), aramed isa aqvs gacnobierebuli, rom

miyenebuli travma gamoiwvevs aseT Sedegs.

mesame varianti: mZRolma Tavisi gaufrTxileblobiT mZimed daaSava ra moqalaqe, mi-

vida masTan daxmarebis aRmosaCenad, magram moulodnelad masSi Seicno misi mteri, rom-

lis mokvla ukve gadawyvetili hqonda. mas gauxarda, rom igi mZimed daSavebuli naxa da

Segnebulad miatova daxmarebis gareSe, Tumca misi saavadmyofoSi wayvana uproblemod

SeeZlo.

rogorc vxedavT, am dros mosalodneli Sedegis (sikvdilis) mimarT mZRols amoZ-

ravebs pirdapiri ganzraxva (kerZod, e.w. pirveli xarisxis), rac gamoricxavs misi qmedebis

kvalifikacias ssk 128-e muxliT (gansacdelSi mitoveba). safrTxis am deliqtis Cvens ss

6 saerTod, Tu ratom araa umoqmedoba mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala, am sakiTxze qvemoT iqneba saubari.


nonaTodua

7

kodeqsSi arsebobis daniSnuleba isaa, rom samarTlebrivi Sefasebis gareSe ar darCes

iseTi SemTxveva, roca pirs gacnobierebuli aqvs sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba,

magram mosalodneli Sedegis (sikvdilis) mimarT ar amoZravebs pirdapiri ganzraxva.7

Sesabamisad, es SemTxveva ssk 276-e muxlis me-3 nawilTan erTad unda dakvalificirdes

ssk 19, 108 muxliT rogorc umoqmedobiT Cadenili martivi mkvlelobis mcdeloba (da

ara winaswar SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi piris mkvlelobis mcdeloba 19, 109 m.).

ratom martivi mkvlelobis mcdelobiT? pasuxi aseTia:

a) radgan umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis mkvleloba makvalificirebel garemoebad iT-

vleba imdenad, ramdenadac am dros mkvleli sargeblobs piris umweobiT. kerZod imiT,

rom msxverpls ar SeuZlia winaaRmdegobis gaweva fizikuri Tu fsiqikuri naklis gamo

da mokvlis ganzraxviT, Tavisi qmedebiT afuZnebs safrTxes mis mimarT, rac iwvevs sik-

vdils; anda Tavisi qmedebiT aCqarebs mis sikvdils. magaliTad, petrem danis gamoyenebiT

mokla loginad Cavardnili moxuci, romelic marTalia, mainc male gardaicvleboda,

magram ara amjerad. anda zemoTxsenebulma mZRolma daSavebulSi amoicno ra misi mteri,

xramSi gadaagdo igi, ramac misi sikvdili daaCqara. anda damrRvevma mZRolma SemTxvevis

adgilzeve iaraRis gamoyenebiT mokla daSavebuli, romelic ramdenime saaTSi mainc gar-

daicvleboda.

amdenad, am damamZimebeli garemoebis gamoyenebisaTvis aucilebelia, mkvlelma msx-

verplis umweoba gamoiyenos mkvlelobis gasaadvileblad, rac rogorc wesi, xdeba mo-

qmedebiT Cadenili mkvlelobisas.8 aseT viTarebas ki mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar

hqonia;

b) swored amitom aRiarebulia, rom saxeze araa es damamZimebeli garemoeba maSin,

roca mkvleli Tavad Caagdebs msxverpls umweo mdgomareobaSi (magaliTad, Seukvars xel-

fexs), raTa amiT gaiadvilos misi mokvla; 9

d) rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, cnobilia, rom umoqmedobisas samarTlebrivi garantis

neba da misi umoqmedoba araa mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala.10 swored amitomaa es

sakiTxi literaturaSi sadavo. amitomaa, rom zogierTi qveyana (mag, safrangeTi) ar cnobs

umoqmedobis mizezobriobas.

sakiTxavia, saerTod ratom araa umoqmedoba mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala?

saqme SemdegSia: a) umoqmedobisas mizezobriobas sxva Zala afuZnebs da sxva Zala warm-

arTavs. swored esaa imis mizezi, rom umoqmedobis mizezobriobis sakiTxi mxolod maSin

dgeba, roca saxezea specialuri subieqti _ samarTlebrivi garanti. Sesabamisad, umoqme-

dobis mizezobriobis sakiTxi sisxlis samarTalSi ar dgeba, roca saxezea saerTo subieq-

ti. umoqmedoba mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala rom iyos, maSin misi subieqti iqneboda

nebismieri 14 wels miRweuli bralunariani piri, rogorc amas adgili aqvs moqmedebis mize-

zobriobis dros; b) amasTanave umoqmedobis mizezobriobis arsebobisaTvis aucilebelia,

samarTlebriv garants SeeZlos Tavisi movaleobis Sesruleba. Tumca arc esaa sakmarisi

mizezobrivi kavSiris arsebobisaTvis; g) aseve aucilebelia dadgindes, rom am savaldebu-

li da SesaZlo qmedebiT Sedegi Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli (ssk me-8 m-is me-3 naw.).

7 bralis sakiTxze safrTxis deliqtSi ix. T. wereTeli, sisxlis samarTlis problemebi, tomi me-4 gv. 216-220.

m. ugrexeliZe, brali safrTxis deliqtSi, Tb. 1982, gv. 12-41; g. mamulaSvili wignSi: sisxlis samarTali,

kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, gv. 171-182; T. cqitiSvili, adamianis sicocxlisa da janmrTelobisaTvis sa-

frTxis Semqmneli deliqtebi, Tb., 2015, gv. 142-158.

8 am sakiTxze ix. m. lekveiSvili, n. Todua wignSi: sisxlis samarTlis kerZo nawili, wigni pirveli, Tb. 2016,

gv. 56-57.

9 ix. iqve.

10 am sakiTxze ix. q. mWedliSvili-hedrixi wignSi: sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, me-2

gamocema, Tb. 2016, gv. 125; n. Todua wignSi: sisxlis samarTali, zogadi nawili, avt. koleqt. Tb. 2016,

me-2 gamoc. gv. 374-375.


8

swored aq ismis kiTxva: romeli Sedegi iqneboda acilebuli?

ra Tqma unda is Sedegi, risi dadgomac ukve iyo ganpirobebuli sxva faqtorebis zega-

vleniT, radgan gamoricxulia, erTi qmedebiT (am SemTxvevaSi umoqmedobiT) SesaZlebeli

iyos rogorc raime safrTxis da aqedan gamowveuli Sedegis dafuZneba, ise amave dros

misi Tavidan acileba.

magaliTad, medicinis muSaks, rogorc samarTlebriv garants, evaleba, izrunos saa-

vadmyofoSi miyvanil mZimed daSavebulze. Tu igi mas miatovebs aucilebeli daxmarebis

gareSe da es sicocxlis mospobiT damTavrdeba, dadgeba sakiTxi me-8 muxlis me-3 naw-

iliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis damtkicebisa (savaldebulo da SesaZlo qmedebiT Tu

iqneboda Tavidan acilebuli es marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi, romlis dadgomis safrTxe

sxva garemoebiT iyo dafuZnebuli)?

amdenad, es mesame piroba aSkarad xazs usvams imas, rom damdgari Sedegis warmmarT-

velia sul sxva Zala, romlis ganeitraleba evaleba mxolod samarTlebriv garants.

rac Seexeba sisxlis samarTlis saerTo subieqts, misTvis am Zalebis ganeitraleba araa

samarTlebrivi movaleoba, aramed mxolod solidaruli (moqalaqeobrivi) valia.

Cvens mier moyvanil magaliTSi mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala iyo avariis Sede-

gad gamowveuli janmrTelobis mZime dazianebis gamo organizmSi mimdinare paTologiuri

cvlilebebi da ara mZRolis umoqmedoba. amdenad, mZRoli sikvdilis piras myofis mimarT

umoqmedobis gamoCenis faqtiT ar cdilobda (da verc Seecdeboda) Tavisi umoqmedobiT

daefuZnebina axali safrTxe da daeCqarebina sasikvdilo Sedegi _ daSavebuli isedac imy-

ofeboda sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi (anu sikvdilis piras) da aucilebeli iyo

saswrafo samedicino daxmareba. Sesabamisad, mZRoli axal safrTxes umoqmedobiT verc

daafuZnebda da verc Seqmnil safrTxes aamaRlebda. misi konfliqti samarTalTan mx-

olod imaSi gamovlinda, rom Tavisi umoqmedobiT Segnebulad ar SeuSala xeli safrTxis

bunebrivi gziT ganviTarebas.

amgvar SemTxvevaSi axali safrTxis dafuZneba an Seqmnili safrTxis amaRleba Sesa-

Zlebeli iyo mxolod moqmedebiT.

magaliTad, Tu davuSvebT, rom mZRolma daSavebuls, romelSic Seicni misi mteri,

daaxala tyvia da mokla (an daaxrCo igi). am dros saxezea mkvleloba winaswar SecnobiT

umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi pirisa, radgan mZRolma daSavebulis mimarT axali safrTxe

daafuZna, romelmac daaCqara avto-avariiT dazaralebuli piris sikvdili, romelic Ses-

aZloa, mogvianebiT mainc dadgeboda.

Sesabamisad, am dros sikvdili dgeba ara avariiT miyenebuli dazianebis bunebrivad

ganviTarebis Sedegad, aramed mZRolis mier axali (da Tanac ganzraxi) qmedebiT da-

fuZnebuli safrTxis Sedegad, romelmac amJamad gamoiwvia sikvdili. aq ukve mniSvneloba

ara aqvs imas, aseTi Sedegi maleve mainc dadgeboda Tu ara.

amdenad, zemoT xsenebul magaliTSi dazaralebulis sikvdili obieqturadac ar daCqa-

rebula. mZRols, rogorc samarTlebriv garants, mocemul viTarebaSi evaleboda, mieRo

zomebi sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi ukve myofi piris am mdgomareobidan gamo-

sayvanad, rac man misi mokvlis survilis gamo ar gaakeTa (àr gamoixsna~ igi sicocxli-

saTvis saSiSi mdgomareobidan) da mkvlelobis mcdelobac amaSi gamoixateba.

aqve unda iTqvas Semdegi: araa gamoricxuli, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi piris mkvl-

eloba, rac Cadenili iyo umoqmedobiT, zogjer Sefasdes, rogorc mkvlelobis es dama-

mZimebeli garemoeba _ 109 m. es is SemTxvevaa, roca samarTlebrivi garanti Tavisi umo-

qmedobiT afuZnebs sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobas, romelic ar warmoiSoboda, Tuki

igi Seasrulebda masze samarTlebrivad dakisrebul, savaldebulo da SesaZlo qmedebas.

magaliTi: cols mobezrda misi Rrmad moxucebuli, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi qmris


nonaTodua

9

movla, romelsac damoukideblad gadaadgileba ar SeeZlo da gadawyvita misi Tavidan

moSoreba. am miznis misaRwevad igi ramdenime kviriT wavida naTesavebTan da mzrunvelo-

bis gareSe datova moxuci qmari miuxedavad imisa, rom icoda, marto darCenili moxuci

Tavis Tavs ver mixedavda da sakvebisa da wylis gareSe darCeboda.

sakvebisa da wylis gareSe darCenili, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi moxuci or kviraSi

gardaicvala.

saxezea winaswar SecnobiT umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi piris mkvleloba umoqmedo-

biT (109-e m.), radgan es SemTxveva akmayofilebs umoqmedobiT am saxis mkvlelobis yvela

pirobas.

ratom? a) saxezea samarTlebrivi garanti, romelsac evaleboda umweo mdgomareoba-

Si myofi meuRlis movla; b) samarTlebriv garants SeeZlo umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi

meuRlis mimarT savaldebuli qmedebis (misi kvebisa da movlis) uzrunvelyofa; g) mas rom

Seesrulebina es savaldebuli da SesaZlo qmedeba, meuRlis sikvdili amjerad ar dadge-

boda. es ki imas niSnavs, rom saxezea umoqmedobis mizezobriobis samive piroba.

amas emateba is, rom samarTlebrivi garants surda misi meuRlis mokvla. amdenad,

saxezea pirdapiri ganzraxva damdgari Sedegisadmi.

sakiTxavia, riT gansxvavdeba es SemTxveva mZRolis mier Cadenili umoqmedobisagan?

iqac xom TiTqos analogiur garemoebabTan gvaqvs saqme? riT gansxvavdeba es ori magali-

Ti erTmaneTisagan?

maT Soris gansxvaveba SemdegSia:

a) pirvel magaliTSi avariis Sedegad daSavebuli piris umweoba gamoixateba imaSi,

rom igi imyofeba sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi, romelsac saswrafod sWirdeba

kvalificiuri samedicino daxmareba. meore magaliTSi ki piri imyofeba sxvagvar umweo

mdgomareobaSi, rac araa dakavSirebuli sicocxlisaTvis saSiS viTarebasTan – misi um-

weoba mxolod imaSi gamoixateba, rom ar SeuZlia, damoukideblad mouaros Tavs. sxva

mxriv, mas ar sWirdeba samedicino daxmareba;

b) aqedan gamomdinare, pirvel magaliTSi samarTlebriv garants evaleba, miiRos zome-

bi piris sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareobidan gamosayvanad, rac man ar gaakeTa. meore

magaliTSi ki samarTlebriv garants evaleboda meuRlisaTvis mxolod elementaruli

adamianuri pirobebis Seqmna kvebiTa da saTanado movliT, rac man an gaakeTa;

g) Sesabamisad, pirvel magaliTSi samarTlebrivma garantma àr gamoixsna~ sicocxli-

saTvis saSiSi mdgomareobidan daSavebuli, ramac gamoiwvia misi sikvdili miyenebuli da-

zianebis bunebrivad ganviTarebis Sedegad; xolo meore magaliTSi colma Tavisi umoqmed-

biT (sakvebis miucemlobiT) umweo mdgomareobaSi myofi meuRle (romelic ar imyofeboda

sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi, `Caagdo~ sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi da

am gziT nel-nela (garkveuli drois ganmavlobaSi) mokla.

es ori SemTxveva SeiZleba Semdegnairad gamovsaxoT saTanado formulebiT:

pirvel magaliTSi mkvlelobis formulaa:

samarTlebrivi garantis pirdapir ganzraxvas + misi umoqmedoba + dazaralebulis um-

weo mdgomareoba (kerZod, ukve arsebuli sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba) = dazara-

lebulis sikvdils (martivi mkvleloba – 108-e m.);

meore magaliTSi mkvlelobis formulaa:

samarTlebrivi garantis pirdapir ganzraxvas + misi umoqmedoba + dazaralebulis

umweo mdgomareoba (romelic araa sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareoba) = sicocxlisaT-

vis saSiS mdgomareobas (da ara sikvdils).

Semdeg ki, ukve Seqmnil saSiS mdgomareobas + samarTlebrivi garantis pirdapiri

ganzraxva + garantis umoqmedoba (romelic grZeldeboda ramdenime kviris ganmavlobaSi)

= dazaralebulis sikvdils (ssk 109-e m.).


10

rogorc vxedavT, aq sikvdilis mizezi araa piris moxucebulobiT gamowveuli umweo

mdgomareoba, aramed misi mizezia SimSilis gamo organizmis dasusteba. misTvis sakvebis

micema rom ar SeewyvitaT, amjerad sikvdili ar dadgeboda.

sxvagvarad rom vTqvaT, sikvdili ar damdgara muxucebulobis bunebrivi ganviTarebis

Sedegad, aramed igi dadga im axali safrTxis (SimSilis) bunebrivi ganviTarebis Sedegad,

romeli safrTxec daafuZna samarTlebrivma garantma (meuRlem) Tavisi umoqmedobiT.

pirvel magaliTSi ki sasikvdilo Sedegi dadga avariiT gamowveuli travmis bune-

brivad ganviTarebis Sedegad (da ara mZRolis mier dafuZnebuli raime axali safrTxis

gamo).

amdenad, meore magaliTSi samarTlebrivma garantma (colma) gamoiyena qmris umweoba

misi mokvdinebisaTvis, radgan Tavisi umoqmedobiT jer Caagdo qmari sicocxlisaTvis

saSiS mdgomareobaSi, Semdeg ki nel-nela mokla igi.

Sesabamisad, ar SeiZleba mieces erTnairi samarTlebrivi Sefaseba viTarebas, roca

samarTlebrivi garanti mokvlis ganzraxviT àr gamoixsnis~ pirs sxva mizeziT ukve Se-

qmnili sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareobidan da im viTarebas, roca garanti aseTive

ganzraxviT, umoqmedobiT `Caagdebs~ umweo mdgomareobaSi myof pirs sicocxlisaTvis

saSiS mdgomareobaSi da am gziT TandaTan klavs mas.

marTalia, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi sxva saxis damamZimebeli garemoebacaa saxeze

(mkvleloba, Cadenili gansakuTrebuli sisastikiT), magram es sakiTxis sxva mxarea.

mivubrundeT zemoT xsenebul SemTxvevas, roca mZRolma sikvdilis gamowvevis mizniT

datova daSavebuli daxmarebis gareSe.

rogor unda dakvalificirdes qmedeba, Tuki am SemTxvevas mohyva daSavebulis sikvdi-

li?

dasmul kiTxvas SeiZleba pasuxi gaeces or variantSi:

pirveli varianti _ SesaZlebelia (SesaZlebelia da ara aucilebeli) mZRolis qmedeba

ssk 276-e muxlis mesame nawilisa (da ara mexuTe naw.) da umoqmedobiT Cadenili mkvle-

lobis (108 m.) erTobliobiT dakvalificirdes, Tu saxezea umoqmedobis mizezobriobis

samive winapiroba:

1. pirs ekisreboda moqmedebis specialuri samarTlebrivi movaleoba (samarTlebrivi

garanti);

2. mas hqonda aseTi moqmedebis ganxorcielebis SesaZlebloba;

3. SesaZlo da savaldebulo qmedebiT Sedegi Tavidan iqneboda acilebuli.

mocemul magaliTSi sadavo araa pirveli da meore winapirobis arseboba.

gasarkvevia mxolod mesame winapirobis arseboba. es sakiTxi saTanado eqspertizis

daskvnis safuZvelze unda gadawydes. kerZod, Tu dadginda, rom mZRolis mier SesaZlo

da savaldebulo qmedebiT daSavebuli sikvdils gadaurCeboda, mas es Sedegi (sikvdili)

Seeracxeba da sabolood misi qmedeba ssk 276-e muxlis mesame nawilTan (da ara me-5 naw-

ilTan) erTad mkvlelobis muxliTac dakvalificirdeba (108-e m.).

aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom eqspertizis daskvna unda iyos kategoriuli. Tuki daskv-

na savaraudoa (`misi gadarCenis Sansi mniSvnelovnad gaizrdeboda~, an `SesaZloa, igi

gadarCeniliyo`), maSin mZRols es Sedegi (sikvdili) Seeracxeba ssk 276-e muxliT (misi

mexuTe an meeqvse naw.), rogorc miyenebuli travmisagan gamowveuli Sedegi. mas es Sede-

gi ar Seeracxeba mkvlelobis muxliT, radgan saxeze araa umoqmedobis mizezobriobis

mesame winapiroba. Sesabamisad, yovelgvari eWvi (maT Soris gonivrulic) unda gadawydes

piris sasargeblod.

amdenad, am ukanasknel SemTxvevaSi qmedeba dakvalificirdeba ssk 276-e muxlis mex-

uTe nawiliT da mkvlelobis mcdelobiT (19, 108 m.).


nonaTodua

11

meore varianti: mZRolis qmedeba, roca man mokvlis mizniT miatova daSavebuli, ro-

melic miyenebuli dazianebisagan gardaicvala, yvela SemTxvevaSi unda dakvalificirdes

ara mkvlelobiT, aramed mkvlelobis mcdelobiT (19, 108-e m.) da ssk 276-e muxlis me-5

(an me-6) nawiliT (moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis darRveva, ramac gamoiwvia adamianis si-

cocxlis mospoba, Tu dadgenilia mizezobrivi kavSiri mZRolis mier Cadenil darRvevasa

da damdgar sikvdils Soris).

ratom mkvlelobis mcdelobiT da ara mkvlelobiT, Tuki SesaZlebelia imis dadgena,

rom SesaZlo da savaldebulo qmedebiT mZRoli Tavidan aicilebda sasikvdilo Sedegs?

am kiTxvas aseTi pasuxi unda gaeces: saqme isaa, rom daSavebulisaTvis daxmarebis aR-

mouCenloba aris umoqmedoba. umoqmedoba ki, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, arasodes araa

mizezobriobis warmmarTveli Zala. igi arc am SemTxvevaSi iyo aseTi Zala. mizezobriobis

warmmarTveli am magaliTSi iyo is dazianeba (mZime xarisxis dazianeba), rac msxverplma

miiRo mZRolis winare qmedebiT (moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis darRveviT). swored am

dazianebis bunebrivad ganviTarebas mohyva daSavebulis sikvdili.

amdenad, ufro samarTliani iqneba es Sedegi aisaxos im normaSi (ssk 276-e m-Si), rom-

lis moTxovnis darRveviT mZRolma daafuZna sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo dazianeba, rac

uSualo mizezobriv kavSirSi iyo damdgar sasikvdilo SedegTan. Sesabamisad, mZRolis

Semdgomi qmedeba (daxmarebis aRmouCenloba), calke unda Sefasdes imis mixedviT, Tu ra

damokidebuleba hqonda damrRvev mZRols mosalodneli sasikvdilo Sedegis mimarT.

kerZod, Tu igi imedovnebda, rom sxvebi aicilebdnen am Sedegs, anda sasikvdilo Se-

degTan akavSirebda arapirdapiri ganzraxva (ar surda daSavebulis sikvdili, magram mi-

yenebuli dazianebis Sedegad arc gamoricxavda mis gardacvalebas), saxezea gansacdelSi

mitoveba (128-e m.).

xolo roca mZRolma mokvlis mizniT miatova daSavebuli daxmarebis gareSe, ssk 276-e

muxlis Sesabamis nawilTan erTad qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes mkvlelobis mcdelo-

biT – 19, 108-e m.

es imas niSnavs, rom saqmeSi unda dadgindes mizezobrivi kavSiri mZRolis winare

qmedebasa (moZraobis usafrTxoebis an transportis eqspluataciis wesis darRveva) da

damdgar sasikvdilo Sedegs Soris. amdenad, araa saWiro dainiSnos eqspertiza imis hipo-

Teturad dadgenisaTvis, mZRolis SesaZlo da savaldebulo qmedebiT daSavebulis sikv-

dili Tu iqneboda Tavidan acilebuli.

ismis kiTxva: Tuki es asea, maS ra SemTxvevisaTvis SemoiRo kanonmdebelma ssk me-8

muxlis me-3 nawilis danawesi (umoqmedobis mizezobrioba)? xom ar gamodis, rom qmedebis

zemoT miTiTebuli variantisaTvis mxardaWeris SemTxvevaSi ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawili

Cvens kodeqsSi zedmeti aRmoCndeba?

am kiTxvis pasuxad unda iTqvas Semdegi: ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilis daniSnulebaa,

daadginos umoqmedobis mizezobrioba im SemTxvevebSi, roca safrTxe ar iyo dafuZnebu-

li piris winare qmedebiT, aramed sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo safrTxe dafuZnda sxva

garemoebis gamo. magaliTad, sxva bunebrivi faqtorebis mizeziT (vTqvaT, stiqiis gamo)

miRebuli travmiT, ris gamoc mas sWirdeba aucilebeli daxmareba, rac evaleba garants;

sxva pirTa gaufrTxilebeli, Tu ganzraxi qmedebiT (vTqvaT, roca adamians Tavsa daesx-

nen da miayenes mZime dazianeba); organizmSi ganviTarebuli daavadebiT (vTqvaT, adami-

ans daewyo gulis Seteva), ris gamoc mas sWirdeba aucilebeli daxmareba, rac evaleba

samarTlebriv garants; anda piris umweobis gamo sakuTari Tavisadmi movla-patronobis

SeuZleblobiT (vTqvaT, mcirewlovans ar SeuZlia gamoikvebos Tavisi Tavi) amotom es

evaleba mis samarTlebriv garants, romelic amas ar asrulebs da a.S.

Sesabamisad, ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilis daniSnuleba araa mizezobrivi kavSiris dad-


12

gena im SemTxvevaSi, roca piri Tavisi winare qmedebiT (rac Seicavs sxva danaSaulis niS-

nebs), afuZnebs sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobas, risi bunebrivi ganviTarebis Sede-

gad dgeba marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi.

rogoria am kuTxiT sasamarTlo praqtika?

praqtikis SeswavliT davrwmundiT, rom zogjer seriozul Secdomas aqvs adgili sa-

transporto danaSaulebTan dakavSirebiT dazaralebulTa daxmarebis gareSe mitovebis

SemTxvevis kvalifikaciisas.

magaliTi: saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatam

ganixila sisxlis samarTlis saqme satransporto danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT braldebul

b. y-Svilis mimarT.11

saqmis arsi mdgomareobda SemdegSi:

b. y-Svils axalcixis raionis soflis macxovreblebTan erTad misi kuTvnili sat-

virTo-samgzavro avtobusiT gadahqonda tvirTi. erT -erTi mgzavri nasvam mdgomareoba-

Si iyo. erTi soflis gadasaxvevTan n. y-Svilma SeaCera avtobusi nasvami mgzavris Casvlis

mizniT. mgzavri Cavida avtobusidan, ris Semdegac mZRolma b. y-Svilma ver uzrunvelyo

moZraobis usafrTxoebis wesis dacva da daZra avtobusi, ra drosac marjvena saburave-

biT fexze gadauara Casul mgzavrs. mZRolma sarkeSi dainaxa Zirs davardnili mgzavri,

gaaCera avtobusi da mivida masTan. man naxa, rom misi gaufrTxileblobis gamo dazara-

lebuli imyofeboda sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi da ar SeeZlo sakuTari Tavis

dasaxmareblad zomebis miReba, vinaidan dazianebuli hqonda fexi, sdioda sisxli da ver

gadaadgildeboda.

mZRolma daSavebuls mxrebSi mokida xeli da gadaiyvana igi SemTxvevis adgilidan 10

metris moSorebiT saavtomobilo gzis mosacdelTan. moafara igi mosacdelis kuTxes,

Tavad ki ganagZo gza ise, rom mgzavrebs araferi SeutyviaT. daSavebulis gadaadgilebaSi

mZRols miexmara misi Zma.

daaxl. 20-30 wuTis Semdeg dazaralebuli naxes soflis macxovreblebma, romlembac

sxva Tanasoflelebs Seatyobines da daaxl. erTi saaTis Semdeg igi waiyvanes saavadmyo-

foSi, sadac ramdenime wuTSi gardaicvala.

pirveli da meore instanciis sasamarTlom (axalcixis raionulma sasamarTlom da

Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlom) es qmedeba daakvalificira danaSaulTa erTobliobiT.12

kerZod, ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawiliTa da ssk 128-e muxliT (moZraobis usafrTxoebis

wesis darRveva, ramac gamoiwvia adamianis sicocxlis mospoba da gansacdelSi mitoveba).

saqmis masalebiT dadgenili iyo mizezobrivi kavSiri mZRolis mier moZraobis usafrTx-

oebis wesis darRvevasa da damdgar sasikvdilo Sedegs Soris.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatam am saqmeze

ganixila sakasacio saCivari da ganaCenSi Seitana garkveuli cvlileba. kerZod, mZRolis

qmedeba ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawilidan gadakvalificirda amave muxlis me-3 nawilze

(ramac gamoiwvia janmrTelobis mZime dazianeba), xolo ssk 128-e muxliT msjavrdebis

nawilSi ganaCeni gauqmda da am nawilSi saqme daubrunda saqarTvelos prokuraturas

damatebiTi gamoZiebisaTvis Semdegi miTiTebiT: garkveuliyo, mocemul SemTxvevaSi arse-

bobs Tu ara umoqmedobis mizezobriobis sami aucilebeli piroba. 13

damatebiTi gamoZiebis Catarebis Semdeg b. y-Svils brali daedo ganzrax mkvlelobaSi

(ssk 108-e m.) im argumentze dayrdnobiT, rom mZRolma ar gauwia daSavebuls saTanado

11 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebani sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, danaSauli

adamianis winaaRmdeg, 2007, #3, saqme #987, gv. 44 -51.

12 ix. Tbilisis saolqo sasamarTlos 2003 w. 2 ivlisis ganCineba, saqme #987.

13 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2003 wlis 16 oqtombris

ganCineba am saqmeze.


nonaTodua

13

daxmareba, rac Tavisuflad SeeZlo; igi man gadaiyvana mosacdeSi da datova daxmarebis

gareSe, ra drosac iTvaliswinebda, rom dauxmareblobis SemTxvevaSi igi gardaicvlebo-

da.14

ra uzustobaa am braldebaSi?

a) mTavari uzustoba isaa, rom rogorc vxedavT, masSi saerTod araa aqcenti gakeTebu-

li umoqmedobis mizezobriobis mesame pirobaze _ SesaZlo da savaldebulo qmedebiT

sasikvdilo Sedegi Tu iqneboda acilebuli.

b) braldebaSi xazgasmulia, rom roca mZRolma daSavebuli miatova daxmarebis ga-

reSe, igi iTvaliswinebda, rom dauxmareblobis SemTxvevaSi piri gardaicvleboda.

davuSvaT, damtkicebulia, rom mZRoli amas iTvaliswinebda (Tumca es araa dadas-

turebuli saqmis masalebiT).

aseTi daTqmis SemTxvevaSic sakiTxavia: surda ki mZRols amgvari Sedegis dadgoma?

es sakiTxi braldebaSi saerTod araa dasmuli. igi verc daismeboda, radgan saqmis ma-

salebiT aseTi Sedegis dadgomis survili ar Cans. piriqiT, veravin daiwyebs imis mtkice-

bas, rom roca mZRolma daSavebuli manqanis savali nawilidan trotuaris mosacdelSi

gadaiyvana, misi es qmedeba mimarTuli (gamiznuli) iyo sasikvdilo Sedegisken. saqme isaa,

rom trotuarze daSavebulis gadayvaniT misi gadarCenis meti Sansi arsebobda. xolo

Tuki mZRoli mas datovebda manqanis saval gzaze, gamoricxuli ar iyo sxva manqanis mier

axali dazianebis miyeneba.

aseve SeuZlebelia imis mtkiceba, rom mZRols Secnobili hqonda sasikvdilo Sedegis

dadgomis garduvaloba, radgan saerTod fexidan sisxlis dena aucileblad ar iwvevs

aseT Sedegs.

gamodis, gamoZiebam umoqmedobiT ganzraxi mkvlelobis braldeba ise warudgina pirs,

rom ar daudgenia umoqmedobis mizezobriobis mesame piroba.

g) am braldebis mesame nakli aris is, rom masSi aseve araa dadasturebuli, ramdenad

hqonda mZRols gacnobierebuli msxverplis sicocxlisaTvis saSiSi mdgomareobis arse-

boba, Sesabamisad is, rom dauxmareblobis SemTxvevaSi SesaZlebeli iyo misi gardacvale-

ba.

is faqti, rom daSavebuli waqceuli iyo, amis utyuar mtkicebulebad ver gamodgeba,

radgan dazaralebuls dazianebuli hqonda fexi da amave dros iyo nasvami (man avtobusSi

yofnisas kidev dalia ramdenime Wiqa Rvino).

aqedan gamomdinare, adigenis raionulma sasamarTlom mZRoli gaamarTla ssk 108-e

muxliT wardgenil braldebaSi da damnaSaved cno igi ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawiliT (ra-

mac gamoiwvia sicocxlis mospoba). 15

dazaralebulis uflebamonacvlem saapelacio wesiT gaasaCivda es ganaCeni da iTxova

qmedebis gadakvalificireba ssk 109-e muxliT (mkvleloba, winaswar SecnobiT umweo md-

gomareobaSi myofi pirisa).

saapelacio sasamarTloze dacvis mxarem moiTxova ssk 276-e muxlis me-5 nawilis mox-

sna, radgan b. y-Svili orjer iqna gasamarTlebuli (uzenaesma sasamarTlom 2003 wlis 16

oqtombris gadawyvetilebiT misi qmedeba daakvalificira ssk 276-e muxlis me-3 nawiliT).

dacvis mxarem aseve iTxova qmedebis kvalifikacia ssk 128-e muxliT.

Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlom nawilobriv daakmayofila dazaralebulis ufle-

bamonacvlis saCivari, gaauqma pirveli instanciis sasamarTlos ganaCeni da qmedeba daak-

valificira ssk 108-e muxliT (ganzraxi mkvleloba).16

14 ix. axalcixis raionuli sasamarTlos arqivi, saqme #987.

15 ix. aRniSnuli sisxlis samarTlis saqme.

16 ix. Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatis 2007 wlis 25 aprilis ganaCeni

am saqmeze.


14

msjavrdebulis damcvelma gaasaCivra es ganaCeni saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTloSi

da moiTxova ganaCenis gauqmeba.

saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa palatam saapelacio

sasamarTlos xsenebul ganaCenSi Seitana cvlileba da qmedeba mkvlelobidan _ ssk 108-e

muxlidan gadaakvalificira mkvlelobis mcdelobaze _ ssk 19, 108-e muxlze. 17

aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebis dasabuTebisaTvis am ganCinebaSi sxvadasxva argumentebia

gamoyenebuli, romelTa nawili sworia, xolo nawili ki ver CaiTvleba aseTad:

a) sworia is, rom am gadawyvetilebiT ar dakmayofilda dazaralebulis uflebamo-

nacvlis moTxovda qmedebis damamZimebel garemoebaSi Cadenili mkvlelobiT (ssk 109-e m.)

kvalifikaciis Sesaxeb (am sakiTxze zemoT ukve gvqonda saubari;

b) masSi sworadaa dasabuTebuli is, Tu ratom ar unda Seeracxos mZRols damd-

gari marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegi (sikvdili) umoqmedobisas. imis dasabuTebisaTvis gam-

oyenebulia ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli pirobis ararseboba moce-

mul saqmeSi. kerZod, ganCinebaSi naTqvamia: eqimisa da eqspertis CvenebiT dgindeba, rom

drouli daxmarebis SemTxvevaSi dazaralebulis sicocxlis gadarCena albaTobis maRali

xarisxiT SesaZlebeli iyo. albaTobis Tundac maRali xarisxi samarTlebrivad arasdros

ar aris sakmarisi safuZveli safuZveli ama Tu im faqtis dasadastureblad da sar-

wmunod miCnevisaTvis. ... amdenad, utyuarad ver dgindeba, rom y-Svilis mier Tavisi

samarTlebrivi movaleobis droulad Sesrulebis, anu sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareo-

baSi myofis saavadmyofoSi gadayvanis SemTxvevaSi, es ukanaskneli sikvdils aucileblad

gadaurCeboda. saqarTvelos ssk me-8 muxlis me-3 nawilis Tanaxmad ki umoqmedobisaTvis

piri pasuxs agebs, Tuki misTvis savaldebulo da SesaZlebeli moqmedebiT Sedegi Tavidan

iqneboda acilebuli.18

g) amasTanave ar SeiZleba daveTanxmoT am gadawyvetilebis im nawils, sadac qmedeba

dakvalificirebulia mkvlelobis mcdelobiT (19, 108-e m.), rac dasabuTebulia Semdeg-

nairad:

momxdari avtosagzao SemTxvevis Semdeg b. y-SvilisaTvis sruliad cxadi iyo Sem-

degi: dazaralebuli mZimed iyo daSavebuli da imyofeboda sicocxlisaTvis saxifaTo

mdgomareobaSi, gadamtvreuli fexidan sdioda sisxli, mas ar SeeZlo damoukideblad

gadaadgileba, igi rCeboda sruliad marto, mTvral mdgomareobaSi myofi, Zalze civ

klimatur pirobebSi iseT adgilze, sadac ar iyo avtomanqanebisa da adamianebis inten-

siuri moZraoba. amasTan iyo Ramis saaTebi da vinmesgan daxmarebis gawevis SesaZlebloba

warmoadgenda mxolod SemTxveviTobas. amis miuxedavad, y-Svilma ara Seasrula Tavisi

movaleoba, risi SesaZleblobac mas gaaCnda da gansacdelSi miatova dazaralebuli, ri-

Tac dasturdeba, rom igi iTvaliswinebda dazaralebulis sikvdilis SesaZleblobas da

gulgrilad ekideboda aseTi Sedegis dadgomas... amdenad, misi qmedeba unda Sefasdes,

rogorc ganzraxi mkvlelobis mcdeloba _ ssk 19, 108-e m.19

ra Secdomaa daSvebuli am gadawyvetilebaSi?

yvelaze TvalSisacemi Secdoma isaa, rom roca argumentad moxmobilia msjavrdebu-

lis mier marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis (sikvdilis) dadgomis SesaZleblobis gaTvalis-

wineba, araferia naTqvami imaze, surda Tu ara y-Svils es Sedegi. es sakiTxi saerTod araa

naxsenebi da ganxiluli.

saqme isaa, rom marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegis dadgomis SesaZleblobas piri iTvalis-

winebs e.w. pirveli xarisxis pirdapiri ganzraxvis drosac, Tumca gansxvavebiT arapirda-

17 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebani sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze, danaSauli

adamianis winaaRmdeg, 2007 wlis #3, gv. 51.

18 ix. saqarTvelos uzenaes sasamarTlos aRniSnuli gadawyvetilebani, gv. 50-e.

19 Sead. uzenaesi sasamarTlos dasax. gadawyvetilebani, gv. 50-51.


nonaTodua

15

piri ganzraxvisagan, am dros pirs surs es Sedegi.

marTalia, ganCinebaSi miTiTebulia, rom igi gulgrili iyo am Sedegisadmi, rac faq-

tobrivad imis aRiarebaa, rom msjavrdebuli moqmedebda arapirdapiri ganzraxviT, ma-

gram Tuki ganCinebaSi aRniSnuli iqneboda, rom mas es Sedegi ar surda, sakasacio palata

ver daasabuTebda mkvlelobis mcdelobas, rodesac piris qmedeba mimarTuli (anu mizan-

mimarTuli) unda iyos am Sedegisaken, rasac mocemul SemTxvevaSi adgili ar hqonia.

gansaxilveli magaliTis es monakveTi, roca mZRolma daxmarebis gareSe datova daSave-

buli, aris gansacdelSi mitovebis (128-e m.) klasikuri SemTxveva, radgan: pirma Tavisi

wina qmedebiT (moZraobis wesis darRveviT gamowveuli janmrTelobis mZime dazianebiT)

SeiZina samarTlebrivi garantis funqcia; mas gacnobierebuli hqonda, rom dazarale-

buli imyofeboda sicocxlisaTvis saSiS mdgomareobaSi (Tuki sadavid ar gavxdiT amas);

gacnobierebuli hqonda, rom dazaralebulis mimarT daekisra garantis movaleoba; gac-

nobierebuli hqonda, rom misdami daxmarebis gaweva misi SesaZleblobis farglebSi iyo

(SeeZlo misi wayvana saavadmyofoSi); amasTanave roca mZRolma daSavebuli gadaiyvana

mosacdelSi, es qmedeba aranairad ar iyo mimarTuli misi mokvdinebisaken. piriqiT, am

qmedebiT man daSavebuli moarida trasas, sadac manqanebi moZraobdnen.

roca samarTlebriv garants mosalodneli marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegisadmi aqvs

arapirdapiri ganzraxva da aseTi Sedegi ar dgeba, an ver mtkicdeba mizezobrivi kavSiri

qmedebasa da Sedegs Soris, qmedeba unda dakvalificirdes ara mkvlelobis mcdelobiT,

aramed safrTxis deliqtiT. gansaxilvel SemTxvevaSi, esaa ssk 128-e muxli (gansacdelSi

mitoveba). 20

d) yvelaze didi xarvezi, rac saxezea am ganCinebaSi, aris is, rom momxdari avto ava-

riis Sedegad damdgar marTlsawinaaRmdego Sedegs (sikvdils) ar mieca samarTlebrivi Se-

faseba imis miuxedavad, rom dadgenili iyo mizezobrivi kavSiri mZRolis mier usafrTx-

oebis wesis darRvevasa da damdgar sasikvdilo Sedegs Soris.21 sabolood, gamovida, rom

es Sedegi arc ssk 276-e muxlSi aisaxa, da arc ssk 19, 108-e muxlSi.

sworia ganCinebis is monakveTi,roca damdgari Sedegi ar CaTvales umoqmedbiT ga-

mowveulad (calke sakiTxia, rom dauxmareblobis es epizodi arasworad Sefasda), magram

araviTari gamarTleba ara aqvs imas, rom igi ar aisaxa ssk 276-e muxlSi.

ratom moxda ase?

saqme isaa, rom am saqmeze pirvelad gamotanil ganCinebaSi saqarTvelos uzenaesma

sasamarTlom ara mTlianad, aramed mxolod nawilobriv daabruna es saqme damatebiT ga-

moZiebaSi. kerZod, 276-e muxliT gaTvaliswinebul qmedebaSi Secvala kvalifikacia (ssk

276-e muxlis me-5 nawilidan gadaakvalificira amave muxlis me-3 nawilze), xolo mZRolis

mier dazaralebulisadmi dauxmareblobis epizodSi daabruna saqme damatebiTi gamoZiebi-

saTvis. amiT faqtobrivad rogorc damatebiT gamoZiebas, ise saqmis Tavidan ganmxilvel

sasamarTlos waerTva damdgari Sedegis ssk 276-e muxlSi gaTvaliswinebis SesaZlebloba.

amdenad, ufro swori iqneboda, uzenaes sasamarTlos pirvelad gamotanili ganCinebiT

es saqme mTlianad daebrunebina damatebiTi gamoZiebisaTvis.

20 ix. g. mamulaSvili, wignSi: sisxlis samarTali, kerZo nawili, saxelmZRvanelo, avt. kol. Tb. 2016, gv. 184-187.

21 saerTod, damdgari Sedegi materialur danaSaulad qmedebis kvalifikaciis dros SeiZleba ar aisaxos

kvalifikaciaSi mxolod maSin, roca araa dadgenili mizezobrivi kavSiri Cadenil qmedebasa da damdgar

Sedegs Soris. am dros kvalifikacia danaSaulis mcdelobiT xdeba.


16

femicidi _ sakanonmdeblo regulirebis gamocdileba da

gamowvevebi

marina mesxi

samarTlis doqtori,

Tsu mowveuli leqtori

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis

saxelobis universitetis asocirebuli profesori

Sesavali

femicidis problema TandaTan ufro aqtualuri xdeba msofliosaTvis. gamonakliss

arc Cveni qveyana warmoadgens. gaxSirebuli qalTa mkvlelobebis fonze, dRis wesrigSi

sruli simwvaviT daisva femicidis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis sakiTxi.

ararsebuli sakanondeblo baza, qalTa mkvlelobebis saTanado Sefasebis nakleboba,

qalis mimarT Cadenil zogierT danaSaulTan sazogadoebis Semwynarebuli da liber-

aluri damokidebuleba, im arasruli faqtorebis CamonaTvalia, rac xels uSlis qalis

mimarT Cadenil danaSaulTa, gansakuTrebiT, qalis mimarT Cadenil mkvlelobaTa aRkve-

Tas, saTanado gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa dasjas.

adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso samarTlis Tanaxmad, qalis mimarT Zaladoba qa-

lis diskriminaciis formad iTvleba.1 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis da ojaxSi Zaladobis

winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciis Sesaxeb evropis sabWos konvenciis (SemdgomSi stam-

bulis konvencia) mixedviT, qalTa mimarT Zaladoba qalebsa da mamakacebs Soris istori-

ulad Camoyalibebuli araTanaswori Zalauflebrivi urTierTobebis gamovlinebaa, rac

iwvevs qalTa diskriminacias, qalisaTvis sruli realizaciis xelis SeSlas, qalebze Zal-

adobis struqturuli formaa da qals mamakacis mimarT daqvemdebarebul mdgomareobaSi

ayenebs.2

1. femicidis definicia da femicidTan dakavSirebuli ramdenime termini

yvelaze gavrcelebuli ganmartebiT, femicidad iTvleba mamakacis mier qalis mkvl-

eloba im mizeziT rom is qalia3. femicidi qalze Zaladobis ukiduresi formaa da aRniS-

1 evropis sabWos konvencia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciis

Sesaxeb (stambolis konvencia), stamboli, 11.05.2011, muxli 3(a);

2 iqve

3 ganmarteba damkvidrebulia diana raselis da jil radfordis mier: `Femicidie: The Politics of woman killinb, difi ninb as the muRdeR of women, commited by man, foR the simple Reason of theiR beinb women~, Diana E. H. Russel, and RobeRta A. HaRmes. Femicide in Blobal PeRspective (`femicidi globalur konteqstSi~). New YoRk: TeacheRs Collebe, 2001. PRint. gv. 77-78.

femicidi _ sakanonmdeblo regulirebis gamocdileba da gamowvevebi marinamesxi

17

navs qalebis da gogonebis mkvlelobas.4 ufro zustad, femicidi aris qalis mkvleloba,

romelic ganpirobebulia seqsizmiT da motivirebulia `qalze uflebebis qonis survil-

iT, qalTan SedarebiT upiratesi mdgomareobiT, siamovnebis miRebiT an sadisturi sur-

vilebiT, an qalis mimarT mesakuTruli damokidebulebiT~.5

femicidi SeiZleba `homicidis~ (mkvlelobis) alternatiul formad CaiTvalos da am

terminis damkvidrebis mTavari politikuri Rirebulebaa qalTa diskriminaciis WrilSi

maTi mkvlelobebis ganxilva.6

femicidis garda literaturaSi aseve ganixilaven termin `feminicids~, romelic qa-

lTa mkvlelobebTan mimarTebaSi saxelmwifos umoqmedobas aRniSnavs, riTac praqtiku-

lad saxelmwifo ar axdens am danaSaulTa gamoZiebas da damnaSaveTa dasjas.7

msoflioSi femicidis aRiarebuli definicia TiTqmis ar arsebobs. bunebrivia, qalis

mkvlelobis yvela SemTxveva femicidad ar unda ganvixiloT. femicidis kvalifikaciisas

aucilebelia qalis mkvleloba genders ukavSirdebodes, saWiroa mkvlelobis motivis

dadgenisas gamoikveTos kavSiri genderul ZaladobasTan an genderuli niSniT diskrim-

inaciasTan.8

femicidis yvelaze misaReb ganmartebas iZleva laTinur amerikuli samodelo oqmi9,

romlis mixedviTac femicidi aris qalis mkvleloba, romelic gamowveulia qalis sqesiT

da mkvlelobis motivi an mizezi genderuli xasiaTi an qalis diskriminaciaa.

rac Seexeba qalis diskriminaciis ganmartebas, `diskriminacia qalis mimarT niSnavs

nebismier gansxvavebas, gamonaklisobas an SezRudvas sqesis niSniT, romelic laxavs poli-

tikur, ekonomikur, socialur, kulturul, moqalaqeobriv an sxva raime sferoSi kacTa

da qalTa Tanasworuflebianobis safuZvelze qalTa mier maTi ojaxuri mdgomareobis

miuxedavad, adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebis aRiarebas, sargeblobasa

da ganxorcielebas~10.

femicidis kanonmdeblobis SemuSavebisa da kriminalizaciasTan dakavSirebuli Sesa-

bamisi midgomis gadawyvetisaTvis, mniSvnelovania femicidis gamovlinebebis da formebis

codna.

2. femicidis formebi

femicidi aris genderuli niSniT qalis mkvleloba. Tavdapirvelad ganvixiloT fem-

icidis ori ZiriTadi kategoria: pirdapiri da arapirdapiri femicidi,11 TiTeuli forma

moicavs femicidis sxvadasxva saxiT gamovlinebas.

a) pirdapiri (aqtiuri) femicidis kategoriaSi ganixilaven Semdeg danaSulebs12:

qalis mkvleloba ojaxSi Zaladobis Sedegad;

4 Femi _ qali, cide _ kvla

5 Diana Russel and RobeRta HaRmes,Femicide in Blobal PeRspective 6 femicidis saqmeebis ganaCenebi (2014) , saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2016, gv.9.

7 iqve, gv.10

8 iqve

9 Latin AmeRican Model PRotocol foR the Investibation of BendeR-Related Killinbs of Women (femicide/feminicide) (`qalTa

genderTan dakavSirebuli mkvlelobebis gamoZiebis laTinuri amerikis saxelmZRvanelo oqmi~ _ SemdgomSi:

laTino- amerikuli saxelmZRvanelo oqmi), adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi laTinur ameri-

kaSi, ISBN 978-9962-5559-0-2, gv. 13-14.10 qalis mimarT yvela formis diskriminaciis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvencia, 1979w. muxli 1.

11 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxebze gaeros specialuri momxseneblis mixedviT: aqtiuri (pirdapiri) da

pasiuri (arapirdapiri) femicidi. http://www.ohchr.org/ Documents/Issues/Women/A.HRC.20.16_En.pdf 212 CamoTvlil danaSaulebs ufro detalurad SevexebiT 2.1. da 2.4.qveTavebSi


18

qalis mkvleloba intimuri patrnioris mier;

qalis mkvleloba mizoginiuri motiviT, rac qalTa da gogonaTa mimarT siZulvils

niSnavs13;

qalis mkvleloba `Rirsebis~aRdgenis saxeliT;

qalis mkvleloba Cadenili SeiaraRebuli konfliqtebis dros, rogorc omis strate-

gia;

qalis mkvleloba mziTevTan dakavSirebiT;

qalis mkvleloba misi seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderul identobis gamo (les-

bofobiuri da transfobiuri femicidi);

feticidi (Cvil gogonaTa mkvleloba sqesis seleqciis motiviT);

qalis mkvleloba eTnikuri niSniT.

b) arapirdapiri (pasiuri) femicidis kategoriaSi Semdegi danaSaulebi moiazreba:

qalis gardacvaleba usafrTxoebis normebis ugulebelyofiT Catarebuli abortis

gamo;

gogonaTa gardacvaleba sasqeso organoebis dasaxiCrebis gamo;

qalTa da gogonaTa gardacvaleba adamianiT vaWrobis (trefikingis), narkotikebiT

vaWrobis gamo da organizebuli danaSaulis Sedegad Cadenili mkvlelobebis gamo;

qalTa gardacvaleba maTi ugulebelyofis, SimSilis an arasaTanado mopyrobis gamo;

qalis gardacvaleba saxelmwifo moxeleTa qmedebis Sedegad.

pirdapiri da arapirdapiri femicidis kategoriaSi CamoTvlili danaSaulebi SeiZle-

ba qvemoT ganxiluli klasifikaciiT dalagdes, rac aseve aRiarebulia saerTaSoriso

gamocdilebiT. 14

2.1. femicidi intimuri partnioris an ojaxis wevris mier

intimuri femicidis SemTxvevad ganixileba qalis mkvleloba Cadenili mamakacis mier,

romelTanac qals intimuri urTierToba hqonda.am formiT Cadenili femicidis subieq-

ti SeiZleba iyos meuRle, yofili meuRle, seqsualuri partniori, yofili seqsualuri

partniori, Seyvarebuli, yofili Seyvarebuli an mamakaci, romelTanac qals SeiZleba

Svili yavdes.

aRniSnuli formiT Cadenili femicidis subieqti aseve SeiZleba iyos iseTi mamakacic,

romelmac qali mokla misi uaris gamo masTan daemyarebina intimuri urTierToba.

femicidis am formaSi iTvleba ojaxis wevris mier Cadenili qalis mkvleloba, rac

SesaZloa srulebiTac ar iyos intimuri femicidis SinaarsSi ganxiluli. am formiT Cad-

enili femicidi garkveulwilad dakavSirebulia femicidis iseT formasTan, rogoricaa

qalis mkvleloba e.w. Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT.

2.2. qalis mkvleloba e. w. Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT (`Honour~ Killing);

Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT Cadenili mkvleloba, femicidis erTerTi formaa, romel-

sac Cadis ojaxis wevri mamakaci ojaxis `Rirsebis~ SenarCunebis motiviT.

mkvlelobis mizezi SeiZleba iyos qalis mier qorwinebis gareSe damyarebuli sqeso-

brivi urTierToba an qalis qcevis gabatonebuli stereotipis darRveva, col-qmruli

13 Code, LoRRaine,Encyclopedia of Feminist TheoRies, 1st ed. London: Routledbe. 2000, gv. 346. ISBN 0-415-13274-6.14 laTino-amerikuli saxelmZRvanelo oqmi, gv.15-16


19

Ralati, qorwinebis gareSe orsuloba, aseve incestis miCqmalvis mizniT Cadenili mkvl-

eloba.

Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT qalis mokvlis tradicia jer kidev Zveli romidan mo-

dis, roca ojaxis wevri mamakacebi klavdnen qalebs maT mier qorwinebis gareSe seqsua-

luri kavSirebisaTvis, qorwinebis gareSe bavSvebis gaCenisaTvis, RalatisaTvis. ebraul

samyarosa da Sua saukuneebis evropaSi Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT moRalate colebs

da maT sayvarlebs uswordebodnen. dRevandel msoflioSi msgavsi tradicia ZiriTadad

aRmosavlur kulturaSi, samxreT afrikasa da zogierT mkacrad patriarqalur qveynebSi

gvxvdeba, maT Soris saqarTveloSic.

2.3. araintimuri femicidi

genderuli niSniT qalis mkvleloba sxva pirebis mier

araintimuri femicidi, anu qalis mkvleloba genderuli niSniT sxva pirebis mier, anu

im mamakacis mier romelTanac qals urTierToba ar qonia; aseve, araintimur femicidad

ganixilaven ucnobi mamakacis mier qalis gaupatiurebas da mis mokvlas.

araintimuri femicidi SeiZleba sxvadasxva mizeziT iyos gamowveuli. magaliTad:

trasfobiuri femicidi15, rac niSnavs transgenderi an transseqsuali qalis mkvle-

lobas misi seqsualuri orientaciis niSniT, siZulvilis motiviT;

lesbofobiuri femicidi16, lesboseli qalis mkvleloba misi seqsualuri orientaci-

is niSniT, siZulvilis motiviT;

seqsualuri femicidi17, qalis mkvleloba misi gaupatiurebis (motacebis, wamebis)

gziT, romelic Cadenilia piris an organizebuli jgufis mier;

stigmasTan dakavSirebuli femicidi18, roca qalis mokvlis mizezia misi stigmati-

zirebuli saqmianoba: seqsmuSakis, striptizis mocekvavis an amgvari saqmianobis mqone

qalis mokvla damnaSavis mier im mizeziT rom qali sikvdils imsaxurebs swored am saqmi-

anobis gamo;

bavSvTa femicidi19 anu 14 wlamde asakis gogonaTa mkvleloba im mamakacis mier, ro-

melic kontrols axorcielebs masze naTesauri kavSiris an sxvagvari mdgomareobis gam-

oyenebiT;

asociaciuri femicidi20, romlis drosac xdeba mamakacis mier qalis mkvlelobisas

meore qalis mokvlac, roca msxverpli Seeswro mkvlelobas.

araintimuri femicidis formaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos aseve qalis mokvla adamianiT

vaWrobis (trefikingis) gamo, aseve, qalis mkvleloba genderis niSanTan erTad rasistu-

li siZulvilis motiviT.

2.4. mziTevis gamo qalis mkvleloba

mziTevis gamo qalis mkvleloba sabednierod mxolod Zalze cota qveyanaSia SemorCe-

nili da romelic ZiriTadad samxreT-aRmosavluri aziuri kulturisTvisaa damaxasiaTe-

beli. femicidis am formis arsebobisas patarZlis mziTvis ukmayofilebis niadagze xdeba

misi mkvleloba.

15 femicidis saqmeebis ganaCenebi (2014) , saqarTvelos axalgazrda iuristTa asociacia, 2016, gv.13.

16 iqve

17 iqve

18 iqve

19 iqve

20 iqve


20

3. femicidis sakanonmdeblo regulireba

stambulis konvencia saxelmwifoebs akisrebs valdebulebas Seqmnas saTanado meqa-

nizmebi, maT Soris efeqturi kanonmdebloba, femicidis da zogadad, qalTa mimarT Zal-

adobis da diskriminaciis Tavidan acilebis, danaSulis efeqturad gamoZiebisa da damna-

SaveTa dasjis mizniT.21

garda amisa, femicidis saqmeebze saxelmwifos pasuxismgeblobas akisrebs adamianis

uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTloc, romelic Tvlis rom saxelmwifos pasuxismgebloba

dgeba mis mier pozitiuri valdebulebebis Seusruleblobisas, roca msxverplma iTxova

daxmareba, saxelmwifom ar miiRo saTanado zomebi msxverplis dasacavad da igi sasikvdi-

lo safrTxis winaSe dacvis gareSe datova.22 Sesabamisad, femicidis saqmeebis, anu gen-

deruli niSniT, zemoaRniSnuli formebiT Cadenil qalis mkvlelobaTa gamoZieba swored

genderuli xedviT unda moxdes.

femicidis sakanonmdeblo regulirebasTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva damokidebuleba

arsebobs.

- femicidi kriminalizebulia rogorc calke danaSauli, calke kanoniT;

- femicidi ganixileba rogorc erTerTi damamZimebeli garemoeba ganzrax mkvlelo-

bis muxlSi.

amerikis qveynebis belem do paras23, konvencia `qalTa mimarT Zaladobis prevenciis,

dasjisa da aRmofxvris Sesaxeb~, warmoadgens qalTa winaaRmdeg Zaladobis aRmofxvris

Sesaxeb adre arsebuli deklaraciisa da sxvadasxva regionuli da saerTaSorisi dokumen-

tebis erTobliobas da moicavs femicidis winaaRmdeg gansaxorcielebeli sakanonmdeblo

cvlilebebis aucileblobis valdebulebas.24

gvatemalas dekretis mixedviT, problemis simwvavis gamo termini `femicidi~ gvatema-

las konstituciaSic kia Sesuli. gvatemalas dekreti moicavs kanonebs ojaxuri Zalado-

bis aRmofxvrisa da sanqciebis Sesaxeb~, `qalTa Rirsebis Sesaxeb~ da kanons `femicidis

da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sxva formebis winaaRmdeg~. misi miRebis mizania yvela qal-

isTvis sicocxlis, Tavisuflebis, Rirsebis, dacvisa da Tanasworobis garantiebis Seqmna.

gvatemalas kanoniT `femicidis da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sxva formebis winaaRmdeg~,25

femicidi miCneulia gansakuTrebiT mZime danaSaulad da isjeba ocdaxuTidan ormocdaaT

wlamde, am vadis Semcirebis SesaZleblobis gamoricxviT. femicidis garda aseve isjeba

fizikuri da seqsualuri Zaladoba, nebismieri saxis ziani an mtanjveli zemoqmedeba qa-

lis sxeulze, qalisTvis orsulobisgan da seqsualuri gziT gadamdebi daavadebebisgan

Tavis dacvis akrZalva, danaSaulis simZimis mixedviT agreTve dasjadia fsiqologiuri

Zaladoba, qalis an misi ojaxis wevrebis daSineba, an qalis gakontrolebis mcdeloba,

an misi TviTSefasebis daknineba/Tavmoyvareobis Selaxva, danaSaulis simZimis mixedviT.26

evropuli qveynebis gamocdilebiT, femicidi damamZimebel garemoebad ganixileba.27

21 evropis sabWos konvencia qalTa mimarT Zaladobis da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciis

Sesaxeb (stambolis konvencia), stamboli, 11.05.2011, muxli 32;

22 Opuz v. TuRkey, saCivari N33401/02, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2009 wlis 9 ivnisis

gadawyvetileba.

23 Cile, argentina, peru, el salvadori, gvatemala, kosta rika, kolumbia, hondurasi, nikaragua, bolivia,

meqsika

24 Rosa-Linda FReboso, and Cynthia BejaRano, eds. TeRRoRizinb Women: Feminicide in the AmeRicas. Duke UP, 2010. Sesavali

25 kanoni oTxi saxis Zaladobas gamoyofs: femicidi; fizikuri/seqsualuri; fsiqologiuri da ekonomikuri (

xelis SeSla qalis ekonomikuri keTildReobisaTvis/damoukideblobisaTvis).

26 gvatemalas kanoni femicidis Sesaxeb http://www.bhRc usa.oRb/Publications/Femicide_Law_PRobRessAbainstImpunity.pdf

27 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis sakiTxze gaeros specialuri momxseneblis angariSi, UN Doc. A/HRC/14/22 (22 aprili, 2010 w), para. 85.


21

magaliTad, safrangeTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi damamZimebel garemoebad miiCnevs qa-

lis mkvlelobas genderuli niSniT da iTvaliswinebs uvado Tavisuflebis aRkveTas meuR-

lis mkvlelobis SemTxvevaSi an oci wliT Tavisuflebis aRkveTas ZaladobisTvis, romelmac

gamoiwvia msxverplis sikvdili, Tu msxverpli iyo meuRle an moZaladesTan mcxovrebi piri.

espaneTis sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsi ar Seicavs termins `femicidi~, Tumca kodeqsi

Seicavs normebs genderuli Zaladobis Sesaxeb.

garda amisa, espaneTma miiRo organuli kanoni `qalTa mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

mravalmxrivi dacviTi RonisZiebebis~ Sesaxeb.28 romlis mixedviT Seqmnilia specialuri

sasamarTloebi (The Courts for Violence Against Women), romlebic ganixilaven Semdegi saxis

danaSaulebs: mkvleloba; iZulebiTi/Zaladobrivi aborti (mag., qalis Tanxmobis gareSe);

Battery (Seuracxmyofeli fizikuri kontaqti); embrionisTvis zianis miyeneba (mag., orsu-

li qalis cemis SemTxvevaSi); danaSauli Tavisuflebis winaaRmdeg; danaSauli Rirsebis

winaaRmdeg; sqesobrivi xasiaTis danaSaulebi an yvela sxva saxis danaSauli Cadenili ma-

makacis (qmari, partniori) mier qalis mimarT, romelTanac imyofeba an imyofeboda raime

saxis kavSirSi.

sxva evropul qveynebSic ZiriTadad es tendencia SeiniSneba.

rac Seexeba saqarTvelos, qarTuli kanononmdeblobiT femicidi calke danaSaulad

ar ganixileba. qalis mkvlelobasTan dakavSirebuli danaSulebis kvalifikacia da ga-

moZieba xdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli Sesabamisi muxlebiT. bune-

brivia arc femicidis statistikis warmoeba ar xdeba da femicidis saqmeebis gamoZieba

mimdinareobs ssk Semdegi muxlebiT:

- ssk 108 muxli _ ganzrax mkvleloba;

- ssk 109 muxli _ ganzrax mkvleloba damamZimebel garemoebebSi;

- ssk 111 muxli _ ganzrax mkvleloba Zlieri sulieri aRelvebis mdgomareobaSi;

- ssk 115 muxli _ TviTmkvlelobamde miyvana

- ssk 117.2 muxli _ janmrTelobis ganzrax mZime dazianeba, ramac sicocxlis mospo-

ba gamoiwvia;

rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, arsebuli orgvari sakanonmdeblo praqtikis pirobebSi _

femicidi kriminalizebulia rogorc calke danaSauli, calke kanoniT da femicidi ganix-

ileba rogorc erTerTi damamZimebeli garemoeba ganzrax mkvlelobis muxlSi, vfiqrob

es ukanaskneli ufro misaRebi praqtikaa CvenTvis.

femicidis kriminalizaciis erTerTi pirveli mcdelobaa respublikuri partiis mier

wardgenil sakanonmdeblo cvlilebaTa paketi, sadac femicidis kriminalizacia gaT-

valiswinebulia sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis axali, 108 prima muxliT da ssk sxva mux-

lebSi cvlilebebiT, normatiuli aqtebis Sesaxeb kanoniT dadgenili wesis Sesabamisad.

momzadebuli kanonproeqti ar mimaCnia srulyofilad, vinaidan kanonproeqtis mixedviT

femicidis subieqtTa wre ojaxis wevrebiT, partnioriT an yofili partnioriT aris

gansazRvruli. wina TavebSi ganxiluli femicidis formebis mixedviT, femicidi ar aris

qalis mkvleloba mxolod meuRlis, yofili meuRlis, partnioris, yofili partnioris

an ojaxis wevris mier. femicidis danaSaulis Camden subieqtTa wre gacilebiT farToa.

femicidis saqmeebis kvalifikaciisas gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnas danaSulis simZime,

gansakuTrebiT im SemTxvevebSi roca femicidi Cadenilia intimuri partnioris an ojaxis

wevrebis mier da mas win uZRoda sistematiuri Zaladoba. am garemoebebis arsebobisas,

aucilebelia maTi Sefaseba danaSaulis motivis gansazRvrisas da am kategoriis saqmeeb-

zec motivs unda hqondes makvalificirebeli mniSvneloba, bunebrivia, motivi gaTvalis-

winebuli unda iqnas sasjelis daniSvnis drosac.

28 iqve


22

aq aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebeli iqneba iseTi sirTule, rac ìntiumuri partnio-

ris~ gansazRvras SeiZleba axldes. es garemoeba TavisTavad Seqmnis problemebs praq-

tikis TvalsazrisiT, Tu vin SeiZleba CaiTvalis intimuri partniorad da braldebis mx-

arisaTvis amgvari kavSiris damadasturebeli mtkicebulebebis mopoveba, gansakuTrebiT

im SemTxvevebSi, roca braldebuli amas ar aRiarebs da arc sxva garemoeba aRniSnulze

ar miuTiTebs.

amas garda, arsebobs poziciac, rom axlad amoqmedebuli 53 sami primi muxliT ifare-

ba Tu ara femicidi da warmoqmnis Tu ara femicidis damamZimebel garemoebebSi damateba

problemas, miT umetes motivis gamokveTis problema praqtikaSi isedac dgas. aRniSnu-

li sakiTxic aranakleb problemebs qmnis praqtikaSi, vinaidan diskriminaciuli motiv-

is eWvis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi sagamoZiebo organo valdebulia miuTiTos swored aR-

niSnul muxlze da sasamarTlos warudginos yvela mtkicebuleba, rac genderuli niSniT

danaSaulis Cadenis motivze da diskriminaciaze miuTiTebs. Tu amgvari mtkicebulebe-

bi sasamarTloSi wardgenili iqneba, sasamarTlos SesaZlebloba aqvs brali daumZimos

damnaSaves genderuli diskriminaciis niSniT Cadenili danaSulis gamo. im SemTxvevaSi

Tu aseTi mtkicebulebebi sasamarTlos ar waredgina, sasamarTlos danaSaulis motivis

gamokvlevisa da diskriminaciuli niSnebis gamokveTis SesaZlebloba ar aqvs, rac praqti-

kulad, msxverpls ayenebs saxelmwifos mier genderuli niSniT Cadenili diskriminaciis

pirispir dacvis gareSe datovebis mdgomareobaSi, rac adamianis uflebaTa evropulma

sasamarTlom halime kiliCi TurqeTis29 winaaRmdeg saqmeSi konvenciis me-2 da me-14 mux-

lebis darvevad CaTvala.

amJamad, femicidis sakanonmdeblo regulirebis uzrunvelyofisTvis, sisxlis samar-

Tlis kodeqsSi Sesabamisi cvlilebebis Setanis mizniT, gaeros qalTa organizaciis far-

glebSi Seqmnilia samuSao jgufi, romlis SemadgenlobaSic Sedian saqarTvelos mTavari

prokuraturis, Sinagan saqmeTa saministros, iusticiis saministros, saxalxo damcvelis

ofisis, saerTaSoriso da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis warmomadgenlebi.

daskvna

winamdebare statiaSi ganxiluli iqna femicidis sakanonmdeblo regulirebasTan da-

kavSirebuli praqtika, gamocdileba da sirTuleebi, femicidis formebis ganxilvis gziT

da mimdinare sakanonmdeblo tendenciebis gaTvaliswinebiT.

zemoaRniSnuli msjelobebis Tanaxmad, saWiroa femicidis kriminalizacia sixlis

samarTlis kodeqsSi. vfiqrob, femicidad unda iqnas moazrebuli genderuli niSniT Ca-

denili mkvleloba intimuri partnioris, araintimuri partnioris mier da Rirsebis aR-

dgenis saxeliT Cadenili mkvleloba.30amasTanave, femicidi unda ganixilebodes rogorc

damamZimebeli garemoeba da calke muxlad sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsSi misi arseboba

gamarTlebulad ar mimaCnia.

29 Halime Cilic v. TuRkey, saCivari N63034/11;, adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 28 ivnisis

gadawyvetileba

30 cvlilebis momzadebisas unda ganvsazRvros vis ganvixilavT intimur partiorad, araintimur partniorad

da ra CaiTvleba Rirsebis aRdgenis saxeliT Cadenil mkvlelobad.

23

arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Zaladobis formebi da misgan dacvis

samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi

Tamar maxarobliZe

ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universitetis doqtoranti;

saqarTvelos iusticiis saministros samarTalSemoqmedebis

departamentis sajaro da sisxlis samarTlis sammarTvelos mrCeveli

èrT bavSvs, erT maswavlebels, erT kalams

da erT wigns, SeuZliaT Secvalon samyaro~.1

Sesavali

arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Zaladoba adamianis uflebaTa darRvevis erT–erT yvelaze

seriozul formas warmoadgens. dRevandel msoflio Tu saqarTvelos realobaSi Zal-

adoba erT-erTi yvelaze mtkivneuli da gavrcelebuli problemaa. sensitiurobas am

Temas isic sZens, rom Zaladobis msxverpli xSirad arasrulwlovania, romelic srul-

wlovanTan SedarebiT daucvelia, Zaladobis kvali ki masze da mis momavalze yvelaze

mZafrad aisaxeba. saqarTveloSi bolo periodSi garkveuli reformebi gatarda Zal-

adobasTan dakavSirebiT, Tumca kanonmdeblis mxridan saTanado yuradReba ar daTmobia

arasrulwlovanze Zaladobas, rogorc am sakiTxis erT-erT saxes. bavSvs aqvs ufleba

daculi iyos yvela formis fizikuri Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladobisagan, Seuracxyofisa

Tu borotmoqmedebisagan, imisagan, rom moklebuli iyo zrunvas an daudevrad eqceodnen,

uxeSad epyrobodnen an eqspluatacias uwevdnen, agreTve seqsualur Zaladobas iCendnen.2

bavSvTa Zaladoba xSir SemTxvevaSi latenturi xasiaTisaa. aRniSnuli qmedebis farulma

bunebam SesaZloa ganapiroba swored is, rom dRes qveyanaSi srulwlovan adamianebze

Zaladobas ufro meti yuradReba eTmoba.

bavSvis mimarT sastiki mopyrobis sakiTxi aswleulebis manZilze sazogadoebis SeSfo-

Tebas da wuxils iwvevda, magram am problemas farTo gamoxmaureba ar hqonia. mniSvnelo-

vani pozitiuri gardatexa bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobisadmi sazogadoebis damokidebulebis

SecvlaSi moaxdina pediatrma henri kempem (HenRy Kempe). man, 1961 wels, amerikis pediatriis

akademiis yovelwliur sxdomaze warmoadgina fundamenturi kvlevis Sedegebi, romelSic

pirvelad iyo naxsenebi termini `The BatteRed-Child SyndRome~ (nacemi bavSvis sindromi). am

terminiT kempe aRwerda da gansazRvravda bavSvebSi e.w. auxsneli dazianebebis bunebas.

SeiZleba CaiTvalos, rom am droidan, msoflios umravles qveynebSi, bavSvebTan momuSave

mecnierebma da praqtikosebma aRiares bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis fenomeni (Child Abuse

1 malala iusafzai, uflebadamcveli, msoflios bavSvTa premiis mflobeli.

2 bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia, 1989w., muxli 19(1).


24

and Neglect), rogorc specialuri problema, romlis gadasaWrelad saWiroa sxvadasxva

sferos profesionalebis, mSoblebisa da mTeli sazogadoebis Zalisxmevis gaerTianeba.3

Tumca, dasamali araa, rom bevr qveyanaSi jer kidev ar arsebobs srulfasovani normati-

ul-samarTlebrivi baza, romelic SesaZlebels gaxdida bavSvTa efeqtur dacvas Zalado-

bis yvela formisgan. samwuxarod, am qveynebs Soris aris saqarTveloc.

araerTma kvlevam cxadyo, rom arasrulwlovnebze Zaladobas adgili aqvs msoflios

yvela qveyanaSi, yvela kulturisa da eTnikur jgufSi, miuxedavad sazogadoebis ganaT-

lebisa Tu materialuri mdgomareobisa. kvlevebma aseve cxadyo, rom bavSvTa mimarT

Zaladobis faqtebi ZiriTadad xdeba saxlSi, skolaSi an sxva saswavlo dawesebulebeb-

Si, iseT dawesebulebebSi, rogoricaa obolTa TavSesafari da bavSvTa saxlebi, cixee-

bi da sxva dakavebis centrebSi, samuSao adgilze da sazogadoebaSi.4 bavSvTa mimarT

ZaladobasTan brZola seriozul gamowvevas warmoadgens mTeli msofliosa da, maT So-

ris, saqarTvelosTvisac. 2016 wels miliardamde bavSvma ganicada fizikuri, seqsualuri

Tu fsiqologiuri Zaladoba. 2006 wlis monacemebiT 120 milioni gogona da 73 milioni

biWi seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplia. 2013-2017 wlebis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi

Catarebuli kvlevebic adasturebs, rom mdgomareoba sagangaSoa. mosaxleobis 45% bavSv-

Ta mimarT Zaladobas dasaSvebad miiCnevs,mosaxleobis 60% Tvlis, rom ojaxSi aRzrdis

mkacri meTodebis gamoyeneba ufro Sedegiania.saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebSi xSiria

fsiqologiuri da fizikuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, rogorc moswavleebs Soris, ise

ufrosebis mxridan.5 statiis kvlevis sagans warmoadgens arasrulwlovnTa winaaRmdeg

mimarTuli Zaladoba, misi formebi, sakanonmdeblo problemebi da a.S.

1. arasrulwlovanze Zaladobis formebi

Zaladoba bavSvisTvis matravmirebeli qcevaa. igi SeiZleba gamovlindes muqariT,

damcirebiT, daSinebiT, piradi sakuTrebis xelyofiT, sajaro SeuracxyofiT an seqsual-

uri eqspluataciiT. Zaladoba aris nebismieri qmedeba, romelic akninebs an dazianebiT

emuqreba bavSvis fsiqikur da fizikur keTildReobas, safrTxes uqmnis mis janmrTelo-

bas da ganviTarebas. arasrulwlovnis mimarT Zaladobis ramdenime forma arsebobs. igi

moicavs rogorc fizikur Zaladobas, aseve sityvier, materialur, seqsualurs da a.S.

fizikuri Zaladoba aris yvelaze gavrcelebuli saxe, Tumca Zaladobis sxva saxeebic,

aseve, aranakleb mniSvnelovania. mokled mimovixilav TiToeul maTgans.

1.1. arasrulwlovnis mimarT fizikuri Zaladoba

fizikuri Zaladoba, rogorc ukve aRvniSne, Zaladobis formebs Soris yvelaze

gavrcelebuli, aseve saSiSi da zianis momtania. aseTi formis Zaladobaa nebismieri

fizikuri zemoqmedeba, romelic tkivils ayenebs bavSvs da/an iwvevs sxeulis sxvadasxva

simZimis dazianebas: dartyma, xelis kvra, silis gawvna an sxv., Tundac àRmzrdelobiTi~

mizniT. fizikuri Zaladobis gamovlena SedarebiT iolia, vinaidan igi TvalsaCino kvals

tovebs msxverplze. SeSupebebi, kopebi, nakawrebi, Wrilobebi, Calurjebebi da kanis sxva

3 TavarTqilaZe e., `profesionalebisTvis~, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvis fondi, http://phf.oRb.be/ka/ResouRces/dzaladoba-bavshvze-istoRiuli-RetRospeqtiva/

4 gaeros bavSvTa fondi saqarTveloSi (UNICEF BEORBIA), Cven gvaqvs ufleba viyoT daculi Zaladobisgan,

Tbilisi, 2007w., gv. 15.

5 gaeros bavSvTa fondi saqarTveloSi (UNICEF BEORBIA), http://unicef.be/44/sakaRtvelo_dzaladobis_dadzlevis_blobaluR_ksels_ueRtdeba/518

arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Zaladobis formebi da misgan dacvis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi TamarmaxarobliZe

25

dazianebebi, motexilobebi, naWrilobebi sxvadasxva xarisxis SexorcebebiT _ es is gam-

ovlinebebia, romelic fizikur Zaladobas axasiaTebs. bavSvze Zaladobis yvelaze xSiri

da advilad amosacnobi gamovlinebaa kanis dazianeba. Zaladobagancdili bavSvebis 90%-s

mxolod zedapiruli dazianebebi aReniSnebaT: sisxlCaqcevebi, nakbenebi, damwvroba, mox-

rCobis niSnebi.6aseTi riskis qveS gansakuTrebiT imyofebian mdedrobiTi sqesis warmo-

madgenlebi, vinaidan, rogorc wesi, es ukanasknelni fizikuri monacemebiT Camouvardebi-

an sapirispiro sqesis warmomadgenlebs. ojaxSi Zaladobis ZiriTadi samizneebi, yvelaze

metad, arasrulwlovani gogonebi arian. ojaxSi misaRebia rom mamakaci iyos dominanti.

qals ki yvelaferi unda daaZalon. gaeros angariSis mixedviT saqarTveloSi 2-14 wlamde

bavSvebis 20%-s ojaxSi scemen. ojaxSi amas umetesad mamakacebi akeTeben.7

erT-erTi adgili, sadac bavSvze fizikuri Zaladoba yvelaze xSirad xdeba aris sax-

li. bavSvze Zaladoben ZiriTadad mSoblebi, romlebzec aseve Zaladobdnen bavSvoba-

Si an qalebi, romlebzec qmrebi Zaladoben. susti da daCagruli qvecnobierad eZebs

kidev ufro susts da swored mas uswordeba. moZalade mSoblis TvalSi bavSvis dau-

morCilebloba uceb ganuzomlad ufro didad iqceva, vidre sinamdvileSi aris. is, rom

bavSvi pataraa, etkineba, itirebs da male daaviwydeba da gauvlis, miTia. bavSvi sakmaod

patara asakidanve iazrebs, rom mSoblis mier Zaladobas Tavs ver daaRwevs, rom Sors da

didi xniT ver gaiqceva, radgan mainc ipovian da uaresad daisjeba an kidev imitom, rom

materialurad swored mSobelzea damokidebuli.

saxlis Semdeg skola erT-erTi adgilia, sadac arasrulwlovani yvelaze xSirad xde-

ba fizikuri Zaladobis msxverpli. aris SemTxvevebi, rodesac arasaTanado yofaqcevis an

saSinao davalebis arqonis gamo maswavleblebi moswavleebze fizikurad Zaladoben. gar-

da amisa, skolaSi gavrcelebulia dayvireba an damamcirebeli saxelebis wodeba. msgavsi

Zaladoba SeiZleba iyos moswavleebs Sorisac.8 bolo wlebSi saqarTveloSi maswavleblis

mier moswavlis cemis faqti mravlad dafiqsirda. gavixseneb baTumis erT-erTi skolaSi

momxdar SemTxvevas, rodesac maswavlebelma dawyebiTi klasis moswavle scema. disci-

plinuri komiteti xuTi dRis ganmavlobaSi swavlobda momxdar faqts da misi xuTi wev-

ridan yvelam mxari dauWira maswavleblis gaTavisuflebas. am faqtis gamo bavSvs moux-

da klasis datoveba da paralelur klasSi swavlis gagrZeleba.9 veTanxmebi komitetis

gadawyvetilebas, Tumca, aucilebelia skolaSi prevenciuli RonisZiebebi gatardes da

aRniSnuli faqtebis dasjisTvis Seiqmnas meti samarTlebrivi meqanizmi. xSiria SemTxveve-

bi, rodesac aseT dros araTu klass, skolasac ki toveben, rac momavalSi uaryofiTad

aisaxeba maT cxovrebaze. gaeros bavSvTa fondis rekomendaciiT `skolaSi bavSvis Sesax-

eb gadawyvetilebebis miRebis dros uzrunvelyofili unda iyos misi mosmena, radganac

ganaTlebasTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebi mniSvnelovnad exeba bavSvis saukeTeso

interesebs. gadawyvetilebebi unda eqvemdebarebodes administraciul an sasamarTlo

wesiT ganxilvas…~10

`zogadi ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanoni miuTiTebs, rom zogadi ganaTlebis

sferoSi saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs skolebSi Zaladobis aRmofxvras. am kanoniT, dauSve-

belia skolaSi Zaladoba moswavlis an nebismieri sxva piris mimarT. fizikuri an/da si-

6 TavarTqilaZe e., `profesionalebisTvis~, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvis fondi, http://phf.oRb.be/ka/ResouRces/fi zikuRi-dzaladoba/

7 gaeros angariSi ojaxSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, 2006w., https://www.unicef.oRb/violencestudy/3.%20WoRld%20RepoRt%20on%20Violence%20abainst%20ChildRen.pdf

8 gaeros bavSvTa fondi saqarTveloSi (UNICEF BEORBIA), Cven gvaqvs ufleba viyoT daculi Zaladobisgan,


9 pedagogi, romelmac me-4 klasis moswavles scema skolidan gaaTavisufles, https://edu.aRis.be/news/pedabobi-Romelmac-me-4-klasis-moswavles-scema-skolidan-baatavisufl es-detalebi-momxdaRze.html

10 gaeros bavSvTa fondi saqarTveloSi (UNICEF BEORBIA), ufleba ganaTlebaze, Tbilisi, 2015w., gv. 9.


26

tyvieri Seuracxyofis SemTxvevaSi, skola valdebulia dauyovnebliv moaxdinos reagire-

ba kanoniT dadgenili wesiT. àdreuli da skolamdeli ganaTlebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos

kanoni krZalavs bavSvis mimarT nebismier Zaladobas da avaldebulebs dawesebulebas

uzrunvelyos aRmzrdel-pedagogTa momzadeba araZaladobrivi mopyrobis da aRzrdis

meTodebis Sesaxeb, aseve sxva Sesabamisi RonisZiebebis gatarebas. ramdenad qmediTia es

kanonebi? es normebi zogadad ki Seesabameba Zaladobisgan bavSvTa dacvis princips, Tum-

ca, kanonebi unda gadaixedos, raTa gaeros bavSvTa uflebaTa komitetis rekomendaciis

Tanaxmad, pirdapiri Canaweri gakeTdes disciplinis zomad fizikuri dasjis an sxva sas-

tiki an damamcirebeli sasjelis an mopyrobis akrZalvaze. amave dros, unda ganimartos

Zaladobis sxvadasxva formebi, maT Soris, bulingi, romelic gulisxmobs bavSvis mier

sxva bavSvis agresiul devnas, romelic dakavSirebulia realur an warmosaxviT Zalebis

uTanasworobasTan, srulwlovanis mier bavSvis waqezebasTan da misTvis xelis Sewyoba

agresiul devnasTan. normebi unda gadaixedos, raTa, aseve, aisaxos saganmanaTleblo

dawesebulebebis valdebuleba Zaladobis prevenciis da saTanado reagirebis meqanizme-

bis danergvaze, maT Soris, rogoricaa bavSvis xelmisawvdomoba masze Zaladobis dros

Setyobinebis konfidencialur da efeqtur saSualebaze. damatebiT mniSvnelovania, rom

aRmzrdelTa da pedagogTa profesiuli eTikis kodeqsebi da Sesabamisi saxelmZRvanelo

regulaciebi unda asaxavdes fizikuri dasjis an sxva saxis sastiki da damamcirebeli

mopyrobis dauSveblobas.11

Zaladoba bavSvTa da mozardTa mimarT maRali procentuli sixSiriT gxvdeba mTe-

li msoflios skolebSi. 37 qveyanaSi Catarebuli kvlevis Sedegebis Tanaxmad, moswavleTa

saSualod 28%-ma ganacxada, rom Zaladobis msxverplia skolaSi, xolo moswavleTa sa-

Sualod 48%-ma ganacxada rom maTi megobaria skolaSi Zaladobis msxverpli. aRniSnuli

kvlevis Tanaxmad, skolebSi Zaladobis procentuli maCveneblebi yvelaze maRalia aRmo-

savleT evropis qveynebSi _ rumineTSi da ungreTSi.12

fizikuri sasjelebi ar aris efeqturi bavSvis aRzrdis procesSi. roca bavSvi

fizikurad isjeba, mas ar rCeba Cadenili saqcielis gamo sinanulis grZnoba. am grZnobis

nacvlad mas aqvs cemiT miyenebuli tkivili da moraluri travma, moZaladeze brazi. Se-

sabamisad, mas ar rCeba survili, aRarasdros Caidinos is saqcieli an gamoasworos ris

gamoc daisaja. man SeiZleba, is gamoasworos uaresi sasjelis SiSiT, magram ara Sinaganad

Tavisi saqcielis mcdarobis gaazrebis gamo.13 Zveli babilonis kanonmdebloba iTvalis-

winebda Zalian mkacr sasjels ùrCi SvilebisTvis~, ùkeTu Svilma mamas gaartya, xelis

mtevani unda moaWran~. aseve, Tu Svilobili etyoda Tavis mamas an dedas, romlebmac is

gazardes _ Sen ar xar Cemi mama~, Sen ar xar Cemi deda~, _ mas enas moaWridnen.14 mecnieru-

lad dasabuTebulia, rom bavSvis aRzrdis Zaladobrivi meTodebi gamousworebel uary-

ofiT kvals tovebs da moqmedebs arasrulwlovnis Semdgom ganviTarebaze. warmatebuli,

xalisiani, janmrTeli bavSvebis nacvlad Zaladobis Sedegad yalibdebian gandgomili,

gulCaTxrobili da janmrTelobaSeryeuli axalgazrdebi, romlebsac uWirT cxovrebi-

seul sirTuleebTan gamklaveba da warmatebasac Znelad aRweven.

11 gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetis zogadi komentari #8, §35.

12 erovnuli kvleva saqarTvelos skolebSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da

medicinis ganviTarebis fondi, gv. 5.

13 gumberiZe e., bavSTa mimarT ojaxur Zaladobaze, http://www.cso.be/publication.php?id=51#.WbE8lidhVDo 14 TavarTqilaZe e., `profesionalebisTvis~, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvis fondi, http://phf.oRb.be/

ka/ResouRces/dzaladoba-bavshvze-istoRiuli-RetRospeqtiva/


27

1.2. arasrulwlovnis mimarT fsiqologiuri Zaladoba

saxlSi, skolaSi Tu sxva adgilas arasrulwlovnis dasasjelad fizikur Zaladobas-

Tan erTad xSiria fsiqologiuri Zaladoba. Zaladobis es forma fizikuri Zaladobis

msgavsad, erT-erTi yvelaze gavrcelebulia. vinaidan fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, rogorc

wesi, xilul, xelSesaxeb kvals ar tovebs, misi gamovlena rTulia, Tumca, mas naklebi

ziani ar moaqvs msxverplisTvis. bavSvis Seuracxyofa, damamcirebeli saxelebis wode-

ba, muqara, izolireba an uyuradReboba warmoadgens swored amgvari Zaladobis niSnebs,

romlebsac Sesabamisi reabilitacia sWirdeba xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi da xSirad

arasrulwlovans mTeli cxovreba gasdevs.

fsiqologiur Zaladobas xSirad emociuri Zaladobis saxeliTac moixsenieben.

vinaidan Zaladobis es forma gulisxmobs akontrolos arasrulwlovnis moqmedebebi

misi damorCilebis mizniT, viTardeba dabali TviTSefaseba, Zlierdeba TviTizolacia,

arasrulwlovani kargavs damoukideblobis SegrZnebas. aseT SemTxvevebSi xSirad bavS-

vis mdgomareoba gamoxatulia metyvelebis SeferxebaSi, Tavis tkivilebSi, depresiaSi,

destruqciul an nevrozul qcevaSi, TviTdazianebaSi. aseve, arcTu iSviaTad arasrul-

wlovnebSi Tavs iCens alkoholizmi, narkomania.15 emociuri Zaladoba sxeulze fizikur

kvals ar tovebs, Tumca misi Sedegebi bavSvis qcevasa da emociur reaqciebSi vlindeba.

fsiqologiuri Zaladobis yvelaze gavrcelebuli formebi bavSvisaTvis aris day-

vireba , damamcirebeli saxelebis daZaxeba, bavSvis lanZRa-gineba da mitovebis muqara.

es is qmedebebia, romelTa Cadenasac msoflioSi mravali mSobeli aRiarebs. arasrulw-

lovnisTvis miyenebuli ziani damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra sixSiriT da ra kombinaciebSi

aqvs adgili am qmedebebs, aseve Tu ramdenad dabalansirebulia isini mSobelTan pozi-

tiuri urTierTobiT. damamcirebeli saxelebis daZaxebam da lanZRva-ginebam, Tu amas

xSirad aqvs adgili, SeiZleba ziani miayenos bavSvis warmodgenas sakuTar Tavze da Tav-

dajerebulobas. es SeiZleba negatiuri modelic gaxdes, romelsac bavSvi mibaZavs saxlSi

da skolaSi qcevisas. mitovebis muqara SeiZleba gansakuTrebiT stresis momgvreli iyos

mcire asakis bavSvisTvis, romelmac SeiZleba daijeros, rom es marTla moxdeba.16

aqve SegviZlia ganvixiloT iZuleba, romelic gulisxmobs adamianis fizikuri an

fsiqologiuri iZuleba Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos moqmedeba, romlis ganxorcieleba

an romlisgan Tavis Sekaveba misi uflebaa, an/da sakuTar Tavze ganicados Tavisi neba-

survilis sawinaaRmdego zemoqmedeba.17

1.3. arasrulwlovnis mimarT seqsualuri Zaladoba

arasrulwlovanTa Zaladobis erT-erT yvelaze mZime formaa seqsualuri Zaladoba,

romelic gulisxmobs bavSvis gamoyenebas seqsualuri moTxovnilebebis dasakmayofileb-

lad, kerZod, seqsualuri metyvelebiT Tu SeniSvnebiT devnas, seqsualur garyvnas, ero-

tikul alerss, bavSvisTvis pornografiuli suraTebis gadaRebas, seqsualuri Sinaarsis

filmebis yurebis an pornografiuli Jurnalebis daTvalierebis nebarTvas an xelSewyo-

15 The National Child TRaumatic StRess NetwoRk, ix. http://www.nctsn.oRb/content/childRen-and-violence ix. mesxi m.,

àrasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi, romelTa

gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas (gaerTianebuli erebis samodelo kanonmdeblobis

analizis mixedviT)~, J. `sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi~, #1, Tbilisi, 2017w., gv. 55.

16 saqarTveloSi bavSvebis mimarT erovnuli kvleva, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvisa da medicinis

ganviTarebis fondi, Tbilisi, 2007-2008w.w., gv. 96.

17 konstituciur uflebaTa dacvis centri, qalTa uflebebis dacvis saerTaSoriso da erovnuli meqanizmebi,



28

bas, gaupatiurebas an gaupatiurebis mcdelobas, sasqeso organoebis demonstrirebas,

Ria saubrebs seqsze bavSvis Sokirebis an misi cnobismoyvareobis gaRviZebis mizniT, sisx-

lis aRrevas, sxeuliT vaWrobis iZulebas da sxv.

bavSvTa mimarT seqsualuri Zaladoba qmedebaTa farTo speqtrs moicavs. seqsualu-

ri Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi mniSvneloba ara aqvs imas, bavSvis TanxmobiT moxda es Tu ara.

mozrdils iolad SeuZlia arasrulwlovanze zegavlenis moxdena, bavSvs ki ar SeuZlia am

qmedebaTa mniSvnelobis gageba, maTi Sefaseba. garda amisa, moZalade Tavisi miznis misaR-

wevad xSirad mimarTavs muqaras an SantaJs. amasTan dakavSirebiT, aRsaniSnavia, erT-erTi

sisxlis samarTlis saqme. braldebuls socialur qsel Facebook-is meSveobiT, mimowera

hqonda 14 wlis mozardTan, romelic daiTanxma SiSvlad fotoebis gadaRebasa da misTvis

gadagzavnaze. 25 wlis mamakacma, fotoebis gasajaroebis muqariT, aiZula arasrulw-

lovani Sexvedroda mas da erT-erTi mSenebare korpusis teritoriaze, daamyara masTan

sqesobrivi kavSiri. braldebis meore epizodSi, igi kvlav daemuqra dazaralebuls fo-

toebis gasajaroebiT da mis mSoblebs socialuri qselis meSveobiT, gaugzavna megobro-

bis Txovna yalbi angariSiT, sadac mozardis mamxilebeli fotoebi hqonda atvirTuli.

sasamarTlom, mowmeTa Cvenebebis, amocnobis oqmisa da saqmeSi warmodgenili sxva mtkice-

bulebebis gamokvlevisa da Sefasebis Sedegad, dadgenilad miiCnia braldebulis mxri-

dan, bralad Seracxuli qmedebis Cadenis faqti. sasamarTlos gamamtyunebeli ganaCeniT,

danaSaulTa erTobliobiT braldebuls sasjelis saxed da zomad 5 wliT Tavisuflebis

aRkveTa ganesazRvra.18

seqsualuri Zaladoba SeiZleba moxdes ojaxs gareT an ojaxSi. xSir SemTxvevaSi

(SemTxvevaTa 75-90%) bavSvTa mimarT seqsualur Zaladobas axorcieleben adamianebi,

romlebsac bavSvebi kargad icnoben da endobian. Zaladobis msxverpli SeiZleba gax-

des nebismieri asakis bavSvi, rogorc gogona, aseve biWi. xSir SemTxvevebSi ojaxs gareT

seqsualuri Zaladoba gaupatiurebis saxiT xdeba, fizikuri TavdasxmiTa da muqariT.

ojaxSi seqsualur Zaladobas ki ZiriTadad sistematiuri xasiaTi aqvs, romelic zogjer

wlebis manZilze grZeldeba. bavSvis CaTreva am qmedebebSi TandaTanobiT xdeba. msxver-

pli am SemTxvevaSi ufro mcire asakisaa, vidre ojaxs gareT Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi.

xSirad bavSvTa mimarT seqsualuri Zaladoba xangrZlivad mimdinare procesia, romlis

drosac moZalade sargeblobs bavSvTan damyarebuli axlo urTierTobiT, misi ndobiT.

xSirad uSualod seqsualur qmedebebSi bavSvis CarTvas win uswrebs seqsualuri elferis

xangrZlivi `mosamzadebeli~ periodi. bavSvisTvis matravmirebelia seqsualuri Zalado-

bis nebismieri forma. seqsualuri ZaladobiT miyenebuli ziani emociuri bunebisaa da

momdinareobs imedgacruebis, Ralatis, izolaciis, sircxvilis, SfoTvis da bavSvobis

dakargvis gancdebidan, romlebsac bavSvi grZnobs da SeiZleba mTeli cxovreba gahyves.

qalTa mimarT ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebis erovnuli kvlevis Sedegebis mixedviT,

qalTa mxolod 3,9% aRiarebs, rom isini ojaxSi seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverplni yo-

filan, xolo bavSvTa mxridan amis aRiareba kidev ufro naklebia. arasrulwlovnebs eS-

iniaT moZaladisa da agreTve SiSoben, rom maT ver gaugeben an daadanaSauleben. gaeros

angariSis mixedviT, msoflioSi daaxloebiT yoveli meaTe arasrulwlovani gogo seqsua-

luri Zaladobis msxverplia. garda amisa, mTels msoflioSi 82 milioni gogona qorwin-

deba 18 wlis asakamde. bevr maTgans ki aZaleben qorwinebas ufros mamakacebze. am SemTx-

vevaSi gogonas emuqreba Zaladobis, maT Soris yvelaze metad seqsualuri Zaladobis

safrTxe.19

18 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlo, http://tcc.bov.be/index.php?m=443&newsid=1045 19 gaeros angariSi ojaxSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb, 2006w., https://www.unicef.oRb/violencestudy/3.%20WoRld%20RepoRt%20

on%20Violence%20abainst%20ChildRen.pdf


29

arsebobs kvleva, romlis mixedviTac yvela SemTxvevaSi, mandaturebma Zaladobis sxva-

dasxva saxis niSnebis identificirebis ukeTesi unari gamoavlines, vidre maswavleblebma.

miuxedavad imisa, rom skolebis warmomadgenelTa umetesobisaTvis aSkarad cnobilia, Tu

ra qmedeba unda CaiTvalos Zaladobad, referirebis procedurebiT gaTvaliswinebuli

potenciuri SemTxvevebis dros umetesobas an ar surs Careva, an ar icis, ra moimoqme-

dos. sazogadoebis TvalSi skolis reputaciisaTvis zianis miyenebis SiSi, TanamSromel-

Ta piradi profesiuli daucvelobis grZnoba, samuSao adgilebze treningebis nakleboba

da bavSvTa dacvis referirebis instruqciebis ararseboba xels uSlis saskolo siste-

mas qmediTi roli iTamaSos referirebis procesSi.20 amis miuxedavad, imereTis erT-erT

municipalitetSi mandaturma 15 wlis gogona gaaupatiura. am faqtamde mandaturi am

skolaSi ramdenime weli muSaoba, gogona ki erTi wlis gadasuli iyo. aRniSnulma faqtma

moswavlis orsuloba gamoiwvia. mandaturi samsaxuridan gaTavisuflebul iqna.21 mar-

Talia am SemTxvevaSi daiwyo sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mamakacis mimarT, Tumca am

savalalo Sedegebs es ar uSvelis. prevenciuli RonisZiebebis gatarebis saWiroeba am

SemTxvevaSi Zalian kargad Cans.

bavSvis mimarT seqsualuri danaSaulis Camdeni pirebi SeiZleba or jgufad daiyos:

`SemTxveviTi~ anu situaciuri (situational) da `preferenciuli~ anu upiratesobis mimcemi

(preferential). `SemTxveviT~ pirebs bavSvebis mimarT Camoyalibebuli seqsualuri interesi

ar gaaCniaT. isini bavSvebTan seqsualur urTierTobebSi imitom Sedian, rom amis Sesa-

Zlebloba eZlevaT. aseTi adamianebi bavSvebze imitom Zaladoben, rom xvdebian situaciaSi,

rodesac bavSvi maTTvis advilad xelmisawvdomia. `preferenciul~ pirebs ki ukve Camoy-

alibebuli damokidebuleba aqvT seqsualur urTierTobebSi bavSvebisTvis upiratesobis

miniWebis TvalsazrisiT. isini arc ise mravalricxovanni arian, rogorc `SemTxveviTe-

bi~, magram potenciurad bavSvebis ufro meti raodenobisTvis SeuZliaT zianis motana,

radgan es maT survils da ganzraxvas warmoadgens. aseve, `preferenciul~ pirTa Soris

SeiZleba gamoiyos sami ZiriTadi qceviTi jgufi: `macduneblebi~ (Seducers), romlebic

bavSvis misazidad iyeneben mijaWvulobis gamoxatvas, yuradRebas an saCuqrebs. Zalado-

bisTvis samzadisSi, xSirad isini bevr dros axarjaven TavianT msxverplze `zrunvas~.

maT SeiZleba gamoiyenon muqara, SantaJi da fizikuri Zaladoba, raTa Tavidan aicilon

gamJRavneba, mxileba. meore jgufSi arian `Caketili~ (Introverted) pirebi, romlebic aseve

bavSvebs aniWeben upiratesobas, magram isini moklebulni arian `macdunebelTa~ unars,

garkveuli urTierTdamokidebuleba Camoayalibon bavSvebTan. maT minimumamde dahyavT

msxverplebTan verbaluri kontaqti da seqsualuri urTierTobebis damyarebas ucnob

an Zalian patara bavSvebTan cdiloben. mesame, yvelaze naklebad gavrcelebuli aris

`moZalade-sadistebi~ (Sadistic offenders), romlebsac seqsualurad ainteresebT bavSvebi,

magram, amave dros, seqsualur siamovnebas iReben msxverplisTvis tkivilis miyenebiT.

moZaladeTa swored am tipisTvis aris damaxasiaTebeli Zalis gamoyeneba bavSvis dau-

flebis mizniT, agreTve msxverplis gataceba da mkvlelobac ki.

moZalade xSirad sxvebisgan arafriT gamoirCeva. xSirad igi iseTi adamiania, rome-

lic garemomcvelTa wreSi kargi reputaciiT sargeblobs da araviTar eWvs ar iwvevs.

moZalade SeiZleba iyos qalic da mamakacic, bavSvic da mozrdilic. zogjer bavSvi ar

ewinaaRmdegeba moZalades. es momdinareobs e.w. `kargi aRzrdisgan~. bavSvebs aswavlian,

rom ufrosebs, gansakuTrebiT pativsacem, avtoritetis mqone adamianebs (maswavlebels,

20 bavSvTa mimarT Zaladoba saqarTveloSi, erovnuli kvleva arsebuli codnis damokidebulebisa da

praqtikis Sesaxeb, bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedurebis analizi da mTavrobisTvis

SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi, Tbilisi, 2013w., gv. 86.

21 imereTis regionSi mandaturma 15 wlis moswavlesTan seqsualuri kavSiri daamyara, http://www.ambebi.be/samaRtali/189526-imeRethis-Rebionshi-mandatuRma-15-tslis-mostsavlesthan-sqesobRivi-kavshiRi-daamyaRa.html


30

naTesavs Tu sxv.) `yvelaferi daujeron~. bavSvi Tavs idanaSaulebs momxdaris gamo da

mkacri sasjelis SiSiT, iZulebulia dadumdes. arasrulwlovanSi danaSaulis grZnobis

gamowvevas xSirad moZalade Tavad cdilobs. is Caagonebs bavSvs, rom momxdaris Tana-

monawilea. gogonas, magaliTad, SeiZleba uTxran, rom man TviTon `gamoiwvia~ mTeli es

situacia, xolo momxdari `Cveni patara saidumloa~ da a. S. situacia gansakuTrebiT

dramatulia, roca moZalade aris mama, romelic bavSvs imis warmodgeniT aSinebs, Tu ra

SeiZleba moxdes, ès rom dedam gaigos~.

danaSaulis Zlieri grZnoba SeiZleba gamoiwvios kontaqtis dros gancdilma siam-

ovnebamac. bavSvi, romelsac ar aqvs codna fiziologiis ZiriTadi principebis Sesaxeb,

ver acnobierebs, rom mgrZnobiare zonebis gaRizianebaze sxeulis reaqcia ZiriTadad

avtomaturia da is Tavs momxdaris gamo mTavar damnaSaved miiCnevs.

seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli arasrulwlovnebi sinamdvileSi ver xvdebian, ra

xdeba realurad, rcxveniaT amis Sesaxeb moyola. TandaTan, roca bavSvi izrdeba, is naT-

lad acnobierebs, rom rac mis mimarT xorcieldeboda danaSaulia. amasTan, is xvdeba,

rom moZaladis `mxilebam~ SeiZleba mTel ojaxs Seuqmnas safrTxe da sruliad gauTval-

iswinebeli Sedegebi gamoiwvios. aris sxva mizezebic, rac bavSvs morCilebas da simar-

Tlis damalvas aiZulebs, magaliTad, SiSi, rom ar daujereben da TviTon mas dasjian.

zogjer bavSvi fiqrobs, rom garemomcvelebma isedac yvelaferi ician. xSirad bavSvi

icavs moZalades, eSinia, rom mas daapatimreben, gansakuTrebiT maSin, rodesac moZalade

bavSvis axlobeli adamiania.22

rac Seexeba bavSvTa pornografias, misi msxverpli SeiZleba gaxdes nebismieri bavSvi,

Tumca, arasrulwlovnebi, romlebic cxovroben an did dros atareben quCaSi, iseve ro-

gorc bavSvebi, romlebic iZulebiT ewevian prostitucias, an adamianebiT vaWrobis msx-

verpli bavSvebi, pornografiis warmoebaSi gamoyenebis maRali riskis qveS imyofebian. am

jgufSi aseve Sedian bavSvebi disfunqciuri da naklebad uzrunvelyofili ojaxebidan.

Tanamedrove teqnologiebi da internetis ganviTareba bavSvebis eqspluatatorTaTvis

da pornografiis moyvarulTaTvis met komerciul SesaZleblobebs iZleva, da agreTve,

bavSvTa pornografiis gavrcelebis qselebis ganviTarebas uwyobs xels. dReisaTvis,

bavSvTa pornografiis warmoeba da gavrceleba xSirad informaciuli da sakomunikacio

teqnologiebisa da internetis meSveobiT xdeba. bavSvTa pornografiis gasaziareblad

da gasavrceleblad, bavSvTa pornografiis moyvarulebi iyeneben failebis gaziarebis

qselebs, siaxleebis gaziarebis jgufebs, TanasworTa sistemebs (peer-2-peer systems) da sxva

teqnologiebs. informaciuli teqnologiebi aseve uwyoben xels komerciul myidvelTa

jgufebis, seqs-turistebis, pedofilebis da bavSvebiT movaWreTa mier bavSvebis orga-

nizebul seqsualur eqspluatacias da bavSvebze Zaladobas. bavSvebis seqs-eqspluata-

torebi iyeneben mobilur telefonebs da erTvebian CaTebsa Tu internet-urTierTobis

sxva adgilebSi, imisTvis, rom Seityuon da gadaibiron da bavSvebi, Semdeg ki maTi eqsplu-

atacia moaxdinon. amdenad, bavSvebi, romlebic yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi informaciuli

teqnologiebiT sargebloben, aseve imyofebian seqsualuri eqspluataciis riskis qveS.

pornografiaSi CaTreuli bavSvebi SemdgomSi xSirad cvlian am saqmianobas narkotikebiT,

prostituciiT. mowiful asakSi maT xSirad aqvT seqsualuri problemebi da rac yvelaze

uaresia, bavSvebi, romlebmac seqsualuri eqspluatacia ganicades, mozrdilobaSi xSir-

ad igives akeTeben sxva bavSvebTan, amitom am sakiTxs saxelmwifom Zalian didi yuradReba

unda dauTmos. saqarTveloSi bavSvTa pornografiasTan mimarTebaSi efeqturi kanonmde-

bloba ar arsebobs. amgvari iuridiuli vakuumi saxifaTo cariel adgils qmnis, rac

22 TavarTqilaZe e., `profesionalebisTvis~, saqarTvelos sazogadoebrivi jandacvis fondi, http://phf.oRb.be/ka/ResouRces/dzaladoba-bavshvze-istoRiuli-RetRospeqtiva/


31

dausjelobis faqtoriT Zlierdeba da bavSvebs Zaladobis riskis winaSe ayenebs.

yuradReba unda gavamaxviloT arasrulwlovanTan dakavSirebiT kidev erT sindromze

_ seqsualuri Zaladobisadmi bavSvis Seguebis sindromze (CSAAS), romelic 1983 wels,

amerikelma fsiqiatrma roland samitma daadgina da Seiswavla. am sindromis modelis

gaTvaliswineba bavSvebTan momuSave specialistebs exmareba ukeT gaigon, Tu ra sir-

Tuleebs awydebian bavSvebi ojaxuri seqsualuri Zaladobis gamxelisas. modeli Sedge-

ba xuTi elementisagan: gasaidumloeba,ususuroba,Segueba,araTanmimdevruli gamxela da

ukan daxeva. bavSvebs xSirad eSiniaT gadatanili seqsualuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb moyolis

da am SiSis gamo momxdars saidumlod inaxaven. samitis daskvniT, amgvar pirobebSi mcx-

ovrebi bavSvebi Tavs saSinlad grZnoben. garkveuli drois Semdeg SesaZloa, moikribon

saTanado gambedaoba da gaamxilon momxdari, Tumca maTi monayoli xSirad aradamajere-

beli da araTanmimdevrulia. ufrosebis reaqciis Semdeg ki (romelic umeteswilad bavS-

visaTvis arasasurvelia) bavSvi ukan ixevs. am etapze bevri specialisti ukve xels iqnevs.

es daskvnebi kidev gamyarda 1991 wels, sorenson snous naSromis gamoqveynebis Semdeg,

gansakuTrebiT araTanmimdevruli gamxelis Sesaxeb. bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi, es ori

naSromi ganxilvis sagani gaxda. seqsualuri Zaladobisadmi bavSvis Seguebis sindromi ar

SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iyos, rogorc diagnozi. is mniSvnelovani damatebiTi faqtoria,

romelic zogjer (ara yovelTvis) asaxavs qronikuli seqsualuri Zaladobis msxverpli

bavSvebis qcevis dinamikas.

mogvianebiT, 2005 wels, Catarebuli kvlevebiT zogierTi samitiseuli daskvna eWvqveS

dadga. 1992 wels Tavad samitic werda, rom bavSvis seqsualuri Zaladobisadmi Segue-

bis sindromi aris statistikaze dafuZnebuli mosazreba da ara mecnieruli xelsawyo.

erT-erTi, rac mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi eWvis qveS ar dayenebula, aris is, rom bavSvebi

xSirad amjobineben seqsualuri Zaladobis saidumlod Senaxvas. araerTi kvleva Catare-

bula zrdasrulebze, romlebzec bavSvobaSi seqsualurad Zaladobdnen, saerTo statis-

tika amgvaria: 60-70% amjobinebs saidumlod datovos gadatanili seqsualuri Zaladoba,

xolo saSualo vada Zaladobidan gamxelamde 15 welia. amas garda, momxdaris mxolod

10-18% iyo Setyobinebuli samarTaldamcavebisaTvis.23

1.4. arasrulwlovnis mimarT ekonomikuri Zaladoba.

rac Seexeba ekonomikur Zaladoba s, `qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zalado-

bis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kano-

niT ganimarta rogorc qmedeba, romelic iwvevs sakvebiT, sacxovrebeli da normaluri

ganviTarebis sxva pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis, sakuTrebisa da Sromis uflebebis ganx-

orcielebis, agreTve TanasakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebiT sargeblobisa da kuTvnili wi-

lis gankargvis uflebebis SezRudvas. arasakmarisi ekonomikuri damoukidebloba qalTa

mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb gaerTianebuli erebis or-

ganizaciis specialuri momxseneblis mier miTiTebulia im faqtorebs Soris, romlebic

saqarTveloSi, savaraudod, zrdis partniorTa mxridan Zaladobis risks qalTa mimarT.24

ekonomikuri Zaladoba, bunebrivia, qalebze metad arasrulwlovnebis SemTxvevaSi gvxde-

ba, radgan maT ar aqvT Semosavali da damokidebulni arian mSoblebze.

23 iqve.

24 gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis adamianis uflebaTa sabWo, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis

mizezebisa da Sedegebis specialuri momxseneblis angariSi saqarTveloSi vizitis Sesaxeb, Tbilisi, 2016w.,

gv. 10.


32

1.5. arasrulwlovnis ugulvebelyofa

`bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) procedurebis damtkicebis Taobaze~

saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 12 seqtembris #437 dadgenilebis me-3 muxlis `T~

qvepuntiT ugulebelyofa aris mSoblis/mSoblebis, sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis an/

da sxva pasuxismgebeli piris mier bavSvis fizikuri (maT Soris, kveba, higiena, sacxovri-

si), fsiqologiuri saWiroebebis daukmayofilebloba, sabaziso ganaTlebis uflebis Sez-

Rudva, safrTxisagan daucveloba, dabadebis registraciis an/da bavSvisaTvis piradobis

damadasturebeli dokumentaciis mowesrigebisaTvis, agreTve samedicino da sxva momsax-

urebiT sargeblobisaTvis aucilebeli moqmedebebis ganuxorcielebloba, Tuki mSobels

(mSoblebs), sxva kanonier warmomadgenels an/da sxva pasuxismgebel pirs aqvs (aqvT) sa-

Tanado informacia, SesaZlebloba da xeli miuwvdeba (miuwvdebaT) Sesabamis momsaxureba-

ze. Zaladobis es forma ufro specifikuri formaa da ZiriTadad gavrcelebulia ojaxSi

Zaladobis SemTxvevebis dros.

2. arasrulwlovanTa Zaladobisgan dacva

2.1. arasrulwlovanTa Zaladobisgan dacvis

samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi

arasrulwlovanTa ZaladobasTan dakavSirebiT aucilebelia kanonmdeblobis sruly-

ofa, rac rogorc arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis efeqturad ganxorcielebis,

aseve qveyanaSi bavSvis normaluri aRzrdisa da cxovrebis aucilebeli pirobaa. saqarT-

velos kanonmdeblobaSi marTalia, arasakmarisad, Tumca, mainc calke aris gamoyofi-

li arasrulwlovanTa Zaladoba, ufro konkretulad ojaxSi Zaladobis dros. sisxlis

samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxlSi, romelic exeba ojaxSi Zaladobas, me-2 nawilis `b~ qve-

punqtis Tanaxmad arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT misive ojaxis wevris mimarT Zaladoba

damamZimebeli garemoebaa. arasrulwlovnebis mxridan dumili aris marTlmsajulebis

didi problema. arasrulwlovani SeSinebulia, Sercxvenilia da ar surs raimis Tqma.

arasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis kodeqsSi gvaqvs muxlebi, romelic ojaxSi Zalado-

bis dros arasrulwlovanTa specialur midgomas exeba, kerZod, 50-e muxlis me-2 nawil-

iT `dauSvebelia ojaxur danaSaulTan dakavSirebiT sisxlis samarTalwarmoebis procesSi

arasrulwlovnis kanonier warmomadgenlad im piris CarTva, romelic savaraudo moZala-

dea an romlis mikerZoebulobasTan dakavSirebiT arsebobs eWvi am pirsa da moZalade ojax-

is wevrs Soris arsebuli urTierTobis xasiaTidan gamomdinare an interesTa konfliqtis

sxva SemTxvevaSi, agreTve misTvis/maTTvis arasrulwlovnis mier micemuli Cvenebis (gamok-

iTxvis oqmis, axsna-ganmartebis) gacnoba da gadacema~. kodeqsis 52-e muxlis me-11 nawiliT

òjaxur danaSaulTan, qalTa mimarT ZaladobasTan an/da ojaxSi ZaladobasTan dakavSire-

biT dauSvebelia arasrulwlovani mowmisa da arasrulwlovani dazaralebulis dakiTxva,

agreTve damcavi an Semakavebeli orderis gamocemisas da arasrulwlovnis mimarT Zal-

adobis SemTxvevaSi socialuri muSakis mier arasrulwlovnis gancalkevebis Sesaxeb gad-

awyvetilebis miRebisas qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis arasrulwlovani

msxverplis gamokiTxva (misgan axsna-ganmartebis miReba) moZalade mSoblis (mSoblebis) an

sxva kanonieri warmomadgenlis TandaswrebiT~.

garda amisa, administraciul samarTaldarRvevaTa kodeqsis 1726 muxlis Tanaxmad,

`saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobiT gaTvaliswinebul bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (refer-

irebis) procedurebSi CarTuli subieqtis (dawesebulebis an/da misi uflebamosili Ta-


33

namSromlis) mier bavSvze Zaladobis gamovlenis da bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb informaciis

Sesabamisi saxelmwifo organosTvis miwodebis valdebulebis Seusrulebloba gamoiwvevs

Sesabamisi fizikuri piris gafrTxilebas an dajarimebas 50 laridan 100 laramde odenobiT,

Sesabamisi dawesebulebis (iuridiuli piris) dajarimebas 100 laridan 200 laramde odeno-

biT~. aRniSnuli saxdeli ar aris Sesabamisi qmedebis saSiSroebasTan. aucilebelia am

kuTxiT gamkacrdes kanonmdebloba. liberaluri tendenciebi am sakiTxTan mimarTebiT

ar iqneba Sedegis momtani. aseve, bavSvTa dacvis mimarTvianobis (referirebis) proce-

durebis damtkicebis Taobaze saqarTvelos mTavrobis 2016 wlis 12 seqtemberi 437 dad-

genilebiT saqarTvelos prokuraturis, saqarTvelos sasjelaRsrulebisa da probaciis,

saqarTvelos sportisa da axalgazrdobis saqmeTa, saqarTvelos kulturisa da ZeglTa

dacvis saministroTa saxelmwifo kontrols daqvemdebarebuli/mmarTvelobis sferoSi

moqmedi sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebis, policiis, saagentos, sabavSvo baRebis,

mandaturis samsaxuris, saganmanaTleblo da skolisgareSe saxelovnebo an/da sasporto

saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebis, bavSvTa specializebuli dawesebulebebis, TavSesa-

frebis, samedicino servisis mimwodeblebi (maT Soris, soflis eqimebi) da municipalite-

tis gamgeobis/meriis (qalaq Tbilisis municipalitetSi _ municipalitetis raionis

gamgeobis)/maTi uflebamosili dawesebulebis, ssip _ danaSaulis prevenciis centris

warmomadgenlebi valdebulni arian, bavSvze Zaladobis eWvis gaCenis SemTxvevaSi, adg-

ilze gadaamowmon bavSvze ZaladobasTan dakavSirebuli gadaudebeli SemTxveva, bavSvze

ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis safuZvliani eWvis identifikacia da awarmoon SemTxvevis

marTva, referirebis procedurebiT gansazRvruli kompetenciebis farglebsa da Sesa-

bamisi Sida instruqciebis mixedviT. bavSvze Zaladobis Sesaxeb informaciis miRebisTa-

nave, policia valdebulia, dauyovnebliv gamocxaddes SemTxvevis/gamoZaxebis adgilze.

mimdinare wlis 19 ivniss veneciis komisiam saqarTvelos konstituciis cvlilebis

Sesaxeb daskvna gamoaqveyna. daskvnis 73-e paragrafSi `bavSvTa uflebebi`-s qveS aRniSnu-

lia, rom veneciis komisiis rekomendaciiT, mniSvnelovania bavSvTa uflebebis dacva saqa-

rTvelos konstituciaSi damoukidebel muxlad Camoyalibdes.

konstituciam yvelasTvis Tanabrad unda Seqmnas qveynis demokratiuli ganviTare-

bisa da adamianis uflebebis dacvis myari garantiebi. swored momavali Taobebis, e.i.

bavSvebis uflebebisa da kanonieri interesebis gaTvaliswineba unda gaxdes kanonmde-

blebis erT-erTi mTavari prioriteti. evropis sabWos saparlamento asamblea jer kidev

2015 wels gamoxatavda SeSfoTebas evropis sabWos wevri qveynebis mier bavSvTa dacvisa

da ganviTarebis garantiebis gauTvaliswineblobis gamo wevri qveynebis konstitucieb-

Si, samarTlebriv Tu administraciul aqtebSi. asambleis mosazrebiT, bavSvTa ufle-

bebis erovnul konstituciebSi asaxva unda miviCnioT bavSvTa keTildReobis politikis

aucilebel RonisZiebad. saqarTvelos konstituciis proeqtis Sefasebisas, londonis

universitetis profesorma da 2000-2010 wlebSi veneciis komisiis wevrma, ser jefri

jouelmac aRniSna, rom proeqti sakmarisad ar iTvaliswinebs bavSvTa uflebebs, maT So-

ris im sakiTxebs, romelic gaTvaliswinebulia sxva qveynebis konstituciebSi.25 saqarT-

velos konstituciis proeqti ise iqna miRebuli, rom arsebuli teqsti ar iTvaliswinebs

adamianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso xelSekrulebebiT aRiarebul bavSvTa uflebebis iseT

fundamentur aspeqtebs, rogoricaa bavSvTa dacva Zaladobisgan, SromiTi eqspluata-

ciisgan, bavSvebze saxelmwifos zrunvis valdebulebebs, bavSvTa ganviTarebis, bavSvTa

WeSmariti interesisa da monawileobis uflebis uzrunvelyofas da sxv. konstituciis

CanawerSi xazi unda gaesvas bavSvs, rogorc uflebaTa subieqts da, ara mxolod, mzrunv-

25 ser jefri joueli, konstituciis gadasinjvis kanonproeqtis adamianis uflebebTan da sasamarTlo

xelisuflebasTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis Sefaseba, aRmosavleT-dasavleTis marTvis instituti, 2017w.


34

elobis obieqts. aRniSnuli midgoma ganmtkicebulia gaeros bavSvTa uflebebis konvenci-

is mier da xazs usvams bavSvebis uflebas, Sesabamisad, saxelmwifos Semxvedr valdebule-

bebs am uflebebis realizaciisaTvis. agreTve, bavSvis uflebas hqondes aqtiuri roli

sakuTari saWiroebebis gansazRvrasa da gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi, daculi iyos

bavSvis WeSmariti interesi.26 rac erT-erTi yvelaze mniSvnelovani sakiTxia _ konstitu-

ciaSi unda iyos Canaweri bavSvis uflebaze iyos daculi Zaladobisgan. es ukanaskneli

akonkretebs arasrulwlovnis uflebas moiTxovos saxelmwifo uwyebebisgan misi dacva

Zaladobis, sisastikis da eqspluataciisgan.

garda amisa, saqarTveloSi mizanSewonilia Seiqmnas e.w. `Children’s Ombudsman~-is in-stituti, romelic bevr ganviTarebul qveyanaSi arsebobs, romlebsac aqvT pretenzia

bavSvTa uflebaTa dacvaze. aRniSnuli institutis movaleobaa qveyanaSi bavSvTa dac-

visa da mxardaWeris maregulirebeli kanonmdeblobis Sesruleba, bavSvTa mxardaWeris

ganmaxorcielebeli subieqtebis saqmianobis kanonierebaze kontrolis ganxorcieleba,

konsultaciebis gaweva bavSvTa uflebebze da a.S. bavSvTa damcveli aris damoukidebeli.

igi aseve axorcielebs saganmanaTleblo saqmianobas, seminarebisa da Sexvedrebis, sas-

wavlo vizitebis, eqspertebis mowvevis, sajaro da kerZo struqturebTan TanamSromlo-

biT ganxorcielebuli saganmanaTleblo programebis saSualebiT. aRniSnuli instituti

aseve CarTulia sakanonmdeblo procesSi da saxelmwifoSi aris imis garanti, rom aras-

rulwlovnis saukeTeso insteresebi daculi iyos, maT Soris isic, rom aRkveTil iqnas

bavSTa Zaladoba. es metad saWiro da aucilebeli institutia yvela saxelmwifosTvis da

imeds vitoveT, axlo momavalSi iqneba politikuri neba da saWiro saxsrebi, raTa `Chil-dren’s Ombudsman~-is instituti saqarTveloSic Seiqmnas.

2.2. arasrulwlovanTa mimarT Zaladobis prevenciuli meqanizmebi

ra ganapirobebs Zaladobas, moZalades pirovnuli Tvisebebi, Tu garemo pirobebi, ar

arsebobs erTiani azri. Zaladobis mizezad ufro xSirad saxeldeba garemo pirobebiT

gamowveuli moZaladis mZime fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba, Tumca es imas ar niSnavs, rom

qveyanaSi Seqmnili socialur-ekonomikuri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba mTlianad aRmofx-

vris bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobas, vinaidan es problema yvelaze ganviTarebul qveynebsac

ki awuxebT. bavSvebis Zaladobisagan dacvis sakiTxebze bevr qveyanaSi muSaoben, magram

am movlenas mainc aqvs adgili da bevrjer arc arsebobs informacia amaze. arsebobs

mravali mizezi imisa, Tu ratom rCeba damaluli Zaladobis faqtebi. erT-erTi mizezad

SegviZlia ganvixiloT SiSi _ bevr bavSvs eSinia ganacxados Zaladobis faqtis Sesaxeb,

gansakuTrebiT maSin, Tu moZalade masze gacilebiT Zlieria. sircxvili _ bavSvs SeiZle-

ba eSinodes, rom sxvebi gaigeben rom masze Zaladobis Sesaxeb masve daadanaSauleben da

gariyaven. warmodgena Zaladobaze _ zogjer urTierTobaSi Zaladoba `normalur~ mov-

lenad aRiqmeba. ar xdeba ganacxadis gakeTeba _ bavSvebi da srulwlovnebic ar endobian

pasuxismgebel organoebs.

didi xnis ganmavlobaSi, bavSvze Zaladobis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli RonisZiebebi

ZiriTadad Zaladobis ukve momxdar SemTxvevebze reagirebiT Semoifargleboda. dRes,

mecnieruli kvlevebze dayrdnobiT, Tamamad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom bavSvze Zaladobis

nebismieri formis aRkveTa SesaZlebelia manam, sanam is moxdeba. vinaidan bavSvze Zalado-

26 koalicia bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebisTvis, 2017w., http://ccy.be/koalicia-bavshvebisa-da-akhalbazRdebistvis-mimaRt-va-konstituciashi-bavshvta-ufl ebebis-asakhvis-taobaze/


35

bis gamomwvevi mizezi mravalgvaria, Sesabamisad, Zaladobis prevenciuli strategiebic

gansxvavdeba. arsebobs bavSvze Zaladobis prevenciis da Zaladobis msxverpl bavSvze

zrunvis universaluri strategiebi, romelTa Camoyalibebas safuZvlad daedo sxvadasx-

va qveyanaSi wlebis ganmavlobaSi dagrovili gamocdileba da mravali mecnieruli Sroma.

es strategiebi moicavs rogorc pirdapiri zegavlenis mqone RonisZiebebs, rogoricaa,

magaliTad, bavSvis movlisa da aRzrdis sakiTxebze mSobelTa ganaTleba, sazogadoebis

informireba bavSvze Zaladobis sakiTxebze, aseve arapirdapiri zemoqmedebis momxden

strategiebsac, magaliTad, naklebad xelmisawvdomi alkoholi, da sxv. prevenciis mrava-

li arsebuli strategia bavSvze Zaladobis SemTxvevebis adreul identificirebas da

intervencias gulisxmobs, rac metad mniSvnelovani da sasargebloa calkeuli bavSvisa

da ojaxisaTvis. Tumca, mxolod amgvari midgoma mniSvnelovnad ver Seamcirebs bavSvze

Zaladobis SemTxvevaTa ricxvs. bavSvze Zaladobis winaaRmdeg dasaxul RonisZiebaTa ma-

qsimaluri efeqturobisTvis aucilebelia, rom nebismieri strategia, gansakuTrebiT _

prevenciuli strategiebi, aucileblad iTvaliswinebdes bavSvze Zaladobis gamomwvev

risk-faqtorebs da Zaladobis xelisSemSlel, damcav faqtorebs. prevenciuli strate-

giebi mimarTuli unda iyos Zaladobis gamomwvevi risk-faqtorebis Semcirebisa da dam-

cavi faqtorebis gaZlierebisken.

arasrulwlovanze Zaladoba gansakuTrebiT cudad aisaxeba. man SeiZleba aRiqvas

Zaladoba, rogorc bunebrivi movlena da momavalSi TviTonac gaimeoros igive qceva.

is, rom arasrulfasovnebis kompleqsiT Sepyrobili adamiani Zaladobs bavSvze da ara

sxvaze es aixsneba Zalauflebrivi piramidiT, rodesac diskriminirebuli Zaladobs Tav-

isze sustze da es kibe grZeldeba ierarqiulad dabali safexuris mimarTulebiT _ kaci

Zaladobs qalze, qali bavSvze da a.S. aseve, sxvadasxva mizezebiT gamowveuli fsiqologi-

uri problemebi, mniSvnelovani tendenciaa Zaladobis dasaxelebul mizezebSi. garkveu-

li garemoebebi ganapirobebs Zaladobas. erT-erTi aseTi garemo piroba aris Zaladobriv

ojaxSi aRzrda. es aris socialuri daswavlis da socialur kognituri Teoria, rac

gulisxmobs imas, rom Zaladobriv ojaxSi gazrdili metad mosalodnelia, rom Tavad

gaxdes moZalade mozrdil asakSi, moZaladis ojaxSi izrdeba moZalade. Zaladoba Sobs

Zaladobas.27 zogierTi bavSvi sakuTar saxlSi xdeba ojaxuri Zaladobis mowme, ZiriTa-

dad mSoblebs Soris amgvarma Zaladobam SeiZleba gavlena moaxdinos bavSvis fsiqikaze,

mis ganviTarebaze da aisaxos mis momaval qcevaze sxvebis mimarT. im ojaxSi, sadac aqvs

Zaladobas qalis mimarT, xSiria bavSvis mimarT Zaladobac.28

daskvna

yvelanairi formis Zaladobisagan dacva arasrulwlovnis erT-erTi yvelaze mniS-

vnelovani uflebaa. sazogadoebis umravlesoba miiCnevs, rom bavSvis aRzrda Zalado-

brivi meTodebiT ufro Sedegiania, vidre araZaladobrivi meTodebiT. gavrcelebuli

mosazrebiT arasrulwlovnis mimarT ganxorcielebuli ojaxuri Zaladoba, ojaxis Sida

saqmea da am saqmeSi aravin unda Caerios. im SemTxvevebSi ki Tu vinme Carevas gadawyvets

xSirad arc ki icis vis an rogor unda mimarTos.29 arasrulwlovani daculi unda iyos

27 McBILLIVRAY A., `BoveRninb Childhood~, DaRtmouth, USA, 1997, P. 18-19.28 gaeros bavSvTa fondi saqarTveloSi (UNICEF BEORBIA), Cven gvaqvs ufleba viyoT daculi Zaladobisgan,

Tbilisi, 2007 w., gv. 19.

29 graumani S., bavSTa mimarT Zaladoba saqarTveloSi, 2013w., gv. 3.


36

Zaladobis yvela formisgan rogorc mSoblebis, aseve sxva nebismieri pirebisgan. CRC-

is mixedviT, saxelmwifoebma arasrulwlovnis dasacavad unda Seqmnan efeqturi proce-

durebi socialuri programebis SemuSavebis mizniT, raTa uzrunvelyon aucilebeli dax-

mareba bavSvebis mimarT. bavSvis uflebebis uzrunvelyofis mizniT, saxelmwifom aseve

yvela zoma unda gaataros bavSvis mimarT sastiki damokidebulebis Tavidan acilebis

mizniT, nebismieri formiT Zaladobis gamomჟRavnebis, Setyobinebis, gamoZiebis, dacvi-

sa daxmarebis procedurebis CaTvliT.30 sakanonmdeblo aqtebSi metad unda iyos moxse-

niebuli da gamkacrebuli arasrulwlovanze Zaladoba.

maswavleblebis, aRmzrdelebis, fsiqologebis, policielebisa Tu socialuri mu-

Sakebis movaleobaa droulad amoicnon bavSvis mimarT Zaladobis SemTxvevebi da imoqm-

edon kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli wesebis Sesabamisad, raTa daicvan bavSvis interesebi.

mxolod swori meTodebiT aRzrda miscems bavSvs saSualebas, srulad gamoavlinos Tavi-

si potenciali da gaxdes saqarTvelos aqtiuri moqalaqe da monawileoba miiRos qveynis

ganviTarebaSi. kvlevam kidev erTxel aCvena, rom Zaladobisgan bavSvebis dacvis sistema

gamarTvasa da srulyofas saWiroebs.

Zaladobam arasrulwlovnebze SeiZleba gamoiwvios rogorc janmrTelobis xangr-

Zlivi problemebi, ise sikvdilic ki. ZiriTadi pasuxismgebloba bavSvebze Zaladobis

SemTxvevaSi ekisreba saxelmwifos. srulwlovnebi valdebulni arian mxari dauWiron

arasrulwlovanTa uflebebis dacvas. qveyanaSi unda arsebobdes politikuri neba, raTa

momzadebul da miRebul iqnes bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis aRkveTasTan dakavSirebuli

kanonmdebloba. saqarTvelos kanonmdebloba bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis winaaRmdeg sa-

brZolvelad exla ikrebs Zalebs da am miznis miRwevisTvis, aucilebelia, erovnuli da

sazRvargareTis qveynebis kanonmdeblobaTa analizis safuZvelze normatiuls aqtebSi

Sevides cvlilebebi da damatebebi. bavSvTa uflebebi aucilebelia aisaxos rogorc saqa-

rTvelos konstituciaSi, aseve sxva normatiul aqtebSi. unda Seiqmnas konstituciuri

garantiebi bavSvTa uflebebis dacvisa da uzrunvelyofis kuTxiT, romelic daefuZne-

ba bavSvebis aRiarebas damoukidebel samarTalsubieqtebad. garda amisa, mizanSewonil-

ia, Seiqmnas e.w. `ChildRen’s Ombudsman~-is instituti, romelic iqneba bavSvTa uflebaTa

dacvis erT-erTi mTavari garanti saqarTveloSi.

TanamSromloba pasuxismgeblobis gaziarebaa. uwyebaTaSorisi TanamSromlobis

efeqturoba mniSvnelovnadaa damokidebuli informaciis gacvlasa da urTierTgageba-

ze, rogorc calkeuli specialistebis, ise uwyebebis doneze. specialistebma da sxva-

dasxva samsaxurebma erToblivad unda dagegmon da moaxdinon bavSvisTvis sasargeblo

RonisZiebebis koordinireba. sasixarulo siaxlea, rom saqarTvelo gaeros bavSvTa fon-

dis mxardaWeriT uerTdeba bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis daZlevis globaluri partnioro-

bis platformas, romelic miznad isaxavs saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis gaZlierebas

da qveynebis daxmarebas konkretuli meqanizmebis SemuSavebisaTvis. partnioroba aer-

Tianebs saxelmwifoebis, gaeros saagentoebis, saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, samoqalaqo

sazogadoebis, religiur organizaciebis, kerZo seqtoris, akademiuri, kvleviTi orga-

nizaciebisa da bavSvebis Zalisxmevas imisaTvis rom Seiqmnas da SenarCundes politikuri

neba bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvrisaTvis, gaZlierdes bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis

aRmofxvrisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebi da TanamSromloba qveynis SigniT, iseve rogorc

qveynebs Soris gamocdilebis gaziareba.

30 mesxi m., àrasrulwlovani msxverplis dacva da saerTaSoriso standartebiT aRiarebuli uflebebi,

romelTa gaTvaliswineba aucilebelia samarTalwarmoebisas (gaerTianebuli erebis samodelo kanon-

mdeblobis analizis mixedviT)~, sisxlis samarTlis aqtualuri sakiTxebi, #1, Tbilisi, 2017w., gv. 58.


37

da bolos, uTxariT bavSvs, rom is marto ar aris da Tqven yvelafers gaakeTebT imi-

saTvis, rom Zaladoba aRar ganmeordes. simboluria, rom samecniero statia momzadda

noemberSi, bavSvTa da axalgazrdobis Zaladobisgan dacvis TveSi. 18 noembers, msoflio

masStabiT, aRiniSneba seqsualuri eqspluataciisa da seqsualuri Zaladobis winaaRmdeg

bavSvTa dacvis evropuli dRe, 19 noembers bavSvTa mimarT Zaladobis prevenciis saer-

TaSoriso dRe, xolo 20 noembers gaerTianebuli erebi bavSvTa msoflio dRes aRniSnavs.


38

qalTa mimarT Zaladoba

genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT

salome Sengelia



iuridiuli fakultetis doqtoranti, mowveuli leqtori

saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis

adamianis uflebaTa dacvis sammarTvelos ufrosi

`roca nacistebi komunistebs miadgnen, xma ar amomiRia, radgan komunisti ar

vyofilvar. ebraelebs miadgnen da xma ar amomiRia, radgan ebraeli ar vyofilvar.

profkavSirebs miadgnen da xma ar amomiRia, radgan profkavSiris wevri ar vyo-

filvar. kaTolikebze gadavidnen da xma ar amomiRia, radgan kaTolike ar vyofil-

var. Semdeg me momadgnen... da aRaravin iyo darCenili, rom xma amoeRo...`

martin nimioleri

Sesavali

saqarTveloSi adamianis uflebaTa dacvis kuTxiT mTavar gamowvevad rCeba genderuli

Tanasworobis miRweva. sazogadoebis did nawilze uaryofiT gavlenas axdens genderuli

stereotipebi, romlis zegavleniTac qalis mimarT Cadenili Zaladoba sxvadasxva as-

peqtebiT gamarTlebul qmedebas warmoadgens. saqarTveloSi arsebuli patriarqaluri

damokidebulebebi da genderuli stereotipebi genderuli Zaladobis mimarT toleran-

tul garemos qmnis.

saqarTvelos mTavrobis da samarTaldamcavi organoebis mier bolo wlebSi gadaidga

qmediTi nabijebi qalTa uflebrivi mdgomareobis gaumjobesebisa da genderuli Tanas-

worobis miRwevis mizniT. Seiqmna da daixvewa qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zal-

adobis winaaRmdeg brZolis samarTlebrivi meqanizmebi. qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zalado-

bis winaaRmdeg brZola kompleqsur midgomas da uwyebaTaSoris aqtiur koordinacias

saWiroebs.

2016 wels, saqarTvelos mTavrobis mowveviT saqarTveloSi imyofeboda gaeros spe-

cialuri momxsenebeli dubravka simonoviCi, romelmac qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zal-

adobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri angariSi moamzada.1 angariSSi aR-

niSnulia, rom miuxedavad mTavrobis, gaeros saagentoebisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

Zalisxmevisa, gansakuTrebiT cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT, genderuli stereotipebi

da patriarqaluri damokidebulebebi kvlav Rrmad fesvgadgmuli da gavrcelebulia

1 qalTa mimarT Zaladobis, Zaladobis mizezebisa da Sedegebis Sesaxeb specialuri momxseneblis angariSi

saqarTveloSi vizitis Sesaxeb, 2016 wlis 9 ivnisi, 25

qalTa mimarT Zaladoba genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT salomeSengelia

39

sazogadoebaSi, rac arRvevs Tanasworobis ideas da xels uwyobs qalTa mimarT Zalado-

bis SenarCunebas. jer kidev bevria samuSao genderuli rolebis mimarT sazogadoebis

damokidebulebisa da patriarqaluri Sexedulebebis Sesacvlelad.

bolo wlebis mniSvnelovan gamowvevad rCeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxuri

danaSaulebis saqmeebze efeqtiani da genderulad mgrZnobiare marTlmsajulebis ganx-

orcieleba.

1. qalTa mimarT Zaladobis aRmofxvris

saerTaSoriso samarTlebrivi CarCo

qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris CEDAW komiteti iyo saer-

TaSoriso doneze pirveli organo, romelmac qalTa mimarT Zaladoba diskriminaciis

formad aRiara. qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb konvencia CE-DAW miRebulia 1978 wlis 18 dekembers gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri

asambleis mier. konvenciis ratificireba saqarTvelom 1994 wlis 22 seqtembers moaxdina.

CEDAW qalTa mimarT diskriminacias Semdegnairad ganmartavs: qalTa diskriminacia~

niSnavs nebismier gansxvavebas, gamonaklissa da SezRudvas sqesobrivi niSniT, romelic

gamiznulia Seasustos da gamoricxos qalTa mier, maTi ojaxuri mdgomareobis miuxeda-

vad, mamakacTa da qalTa Tanasworobis safuZvelze, politikur, ekonomikur, socialur,

kulturul, samoqalaqo an nebismier sxva dargSi adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Ta-

visuflebebis aRiareba, sargebloba an ganxorcieleba.`2

2015 wels qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris komitetma miiRo

gadawyvetileba saqmeze `X. da Y. saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg`3. momCivani da misi Svili

ganicdidnen fizikur da seqsualur Zaladobas ramdenime wlis ganmavlobaSi. policia-

Si araerTi saCivris wardgenis miuxedavad, aRniSnul faqtebze gamoZieba ar dawyebula.

qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris komitetma daadgina, rom saxel-

mwifom jerovnad ver Seasrula sakuTari movaleoba _ gamoeZiebina adamianis uflebebis

darRveva da daesaja damnaSave. es aris pirveli gadawyvetileba, romelic saqarTvelos

winaaRmdeg gamovida ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtze araefeqtiani reagirebis gamo.

1993 wels gaeros generaluri asambleis mier miRebul iqna deklaracia qalTa mimarT

Zaladobis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb DEVAW4, romlis Tanaxmadac wevrma saxelmwifoebma unda

dagmon qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da mizezad ar moiyvanon Cveuleba, tradicia an religi-

uri mosazrebebi, raTa Tavidan aicilon misi aRmofxvris valdebuleba.

gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciam 2000 wels miiRo rezolucia 13/25, romliTac

xazi gausva qalebisa da gogonebis saWiroebas konfliqtur da post konfliqtur situa-

ciebSi da mouwoda saxelmwifoebs danergon genderulad mgrZnobiare midgomebi TavianT

politikasa da programebSi, uzrunvelyon qalebisa da gogonebis usafrTxoebis dacva

seqsualuri da genderuli niSniT Zaladobisagan da yvela Rone ixmaron, raTa qalebis

xma mosmenili iyos gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesSi.5

saqarTveloSi 2008 wlis agvistos movlenebis Semdgom gansakuTrebiT aqtualuri

gaxda gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos rezolucia 1325-is realizaciisTvis erovnuli samoqme-

do gegmis miRebis aucilebloba. bolo wlebia aqtiurad mimdinareobs samoqmedo gegmiT

2 Convention on the Elimination of All FoRms of DiscRimination abainst Women, 18 DecembeR 1979, ARticle 13 X~ da `Y~ saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg, gaeros qalTa mimarT diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komiteti, 2015 wlis

13 ivlisi, N24/2009

4 DeclaRation on the Elimination of Violence abainst Women (DEVAW), 20 DecembeR 1993, A/RES/48/104, ARticle 45 Resolution 1325 (2000) United Nations, Adopted by the SecuRity Council 4213th meetinb, 31 OctobeR 2000


40

nakisri valdebulebebis Sesruleba da maTi monitoringi.

qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb ev-

ropis sabWos konvencia _ `stambolis konvencia`6 pirveli evropuli samarTlebrivi in-

strumentia qalTa dasacavad Zaladobis yvela formisgan.7

stambolis konvenciaSi `genderi~ ganmartebulia, rogorc socialurad SemuSavebuli

rolebis, qcevebis, RonisZiebebisa da maxasiaTeblebis erToblioba, romlebsac mocemu-

li sazogadoeba miiCnevs saTanadod qalebisa da mamakacebisaTvis. `qalTa mimarT Zal-

adoba genderuli niSniT~ gulisxmobs qalis winaaRmdeg mimarTul Zaladobas imis gamo,

rom is qalia an romelic araTanazomierad uaryofiT zemoqmedebas axdens qalebze;

stambolis konvenciis ratificirebiT saqarTvelom aiRo valdebuleba gansakuTre-

buli yuradReba dauTmos genderul stereotipebs da gaataros Sesabamisi RonisZiebebi

qalis rolis Sesaxeb sazogadoebaSi gabatonebuli Sexedulebebis Secvlisken.

TiToeuli zemoT CamoTvlili dokumenti qalTa uflebebis dacvis mniSvnelovani

instrumentia da maTi gamoyeneba kidev ufro aZlierebs saxelmwifos genderuli Tanas-

worobis politikas.

1.1 adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

gadawyvetilebebis mimoxilva

saxelmwifo valdebulia gamoiZios qalTa mimarT genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT

Cadenili ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebi, efeqtiani gamoZieba gulisxmobs adamianis ufleba-

Ta evropuli konvenciis8 me-2 muxlis (sicocxlis ufleba), me-3 (wamebis akrZalva), me-4

(monobisa da iZulebiTi Sromis akrZalva), me-8 (piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis pativisce-

mis ufleba) da me-14 muxlebis (diskriminaciis akrZalva) farglebSi gamoZiebis warmoe-

bas. 9

amasTan, mniSvnelovania, rom gamoZieba iyos drouli da efeqtiani. strasburgis sa-

samarTlos precedentuli samarTlis mixedviT gamoZiebam efeqturobis Semdegi ZiriTadi

kriteriumebi unda daakmayofilos: damoukidebloba da miukerZoebloba, adekvaturoba,

drouloba, dazaralebulis sakmarisi CarTuloba da sazogadoebis mxridan kontroli.10

òpuzi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg~ (Òpuz v. Turkey~)11 aris pirveli gadawyvetileba, sadac

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom qalTa mimarT genderulad motivirebuli

Zaladoba ganixila genderuli Tanasworobis WrilSi. strasburgis sasamarTlom, ada-

mianis uflebaTa saerTaSoriso standartebze dayrdnobiT ganmarta, rom saxelmwifos

uunaroba daicvas qalebi ojaxSi Zaladobisagan, arRvevs kanonis winaSe qalTa Tanas-

woruflebianobas. agreTve, arRvevs maT uflebas isargeblon kanonis dacvis Tanabari

meqanizmebiT.

saqmeze òpuzi TurqeTis winaaRmdeg~ saxelisuflebo organoebi informirebuli

6 Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence, Council of Europe, 11/05/20117 stambulis konvencias saqarTvelo 2014 wlis 19 ivniss miuerTda, ratificireba moxda 2017 wlis 19 maiss.

8 adamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa dacvis konvencia, 1950 wlis 4 noemberi.

9 ix. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos Semdegi gadawyvetilebebi:

KONTROVÁ v. SLOVAKIA, ECtHR, 31 May 2007, no. 7510/04M.C. v. BULBARIA, ECtHR, 4 DecembeR 2003, no. 39272/98BRANKO TOMAŠIĆ AND OTHERS v. CROATIA, ECtHR, 15 JanuaRy 2009, no. 46598/06ERemia v. Moldova, ECtHR, 28 May 2013, no. 3564/11E.M. v. Romania, ECtHR, 30 OctobeR 2012, no.43994/05

10 merdoki j., adamianis uflebebis sakiTxebze trening moduli, evropis sabWo, 2016, 62

11 OPUZ v. TURKEY, ECtHR, 9 June 2009, no. 33401/02


41

iyvnen momCivnis meuRlis mier misi da dedamisis winaaRmdeg mimarTuli seriozuli Zal-

adobisa da muqaris incidentebis Taobaze, magram efeqtiani reagireba ar mouxdeniaT.

sabolood ganmcxadeblis meuRlem mokla ganmcxadeblis deda. ganmcxadebelma ramden-

jerme mimarTa samarTaldamcav organoebs daxmarebisTvis, Tumca reagireba kvlav ar

mohyolia.

strasburgis sasamarTlom daadgina, rom aRniSnul saqmeSi adgili hqonda momCivanis

mimarT adamianis uflebaTa dacvis konvenciis me-2 muxlis darRvevas, radganac sasikvdi-

lo Tavdasxma ganWvretadi iyo moZaladis mier manamde Cadenili qmedebebis gaTvalis-

winebiT. xelisuflebis reagireba ganmcxadeblis saCivrebze aSkarad araadekvaturi iyo.

xelisuflebam ar gaatara qmediTi zomebi da ar Seasrula masze dakisrebuli pozitiuri

valdebuleba daecva momCivnis dedis sicocxlis ufleba. saqmis garemoebebze dayrdno-

biT dadginda konvenciis me-2 da me-3 muxlebis darRveva me-14 muxlTan erTobliobaSi.

2. erovnuli sakanonmdeblo CarCo

bolo wlebSi saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis saerTaSoriso valdebulebebTan harmoni-

zaciis procesSi mniSnelovani sakanonmdeblo cvlilebebi ganxorcielda.

qalisa da kacis Tanasworoba deklarirebulia saqarTvelos konstituciaSi, maT So-

ris konstituciis me-14 muxli adgens kanonis winaSe Tanasworobas ganurCevlad sqesisa;

konstituciis 36-e muxli aRiarebs Tanasworobas qorwinebaSi, xolo 38-e muxli adgens

Tanasworobas socialur, ekonomikur, kulturul da politikur cxovrebaSi.

2006 wels miRebul iqna ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmofxvris, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa

dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb kanoni, romelSic 2017 wels stambolis konvenciis ratifi-

cirebis Semdeg Sevida mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi, maT Soris Seicvala kanonis saTauri,

romelic Camoyalibda `qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zal-

adobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonad.

aRniSnuli kanonis me-31 muxlSi ganisazRvra qalTa mimarT Zaladobis definicia, ker-

Zod qalTa mimarT Zaladoba gulisxmobs sazogadoebriv Tu pirad cxovrebaSi qalebis

mimarT genderuli niSniT Cadenili ZaladobisaTvis damaxasiaTebel yvela qmedebas, ro-

melTac Sedegad mohyveba an SeiZleba mohyves qalebisTvis fizikuri, fsiqologiuri an

seqsualuri tanjvis an ekonomikuri zianis miyeneba, maT Soris, aseTi qmedebebis Cadenis

muqara, qalebis iZuleba an maTTvis Tavisuflebis TviTneburi aRkveTa.

2010 wels saqarTvelos parlamentma miiRo kanoni `genderuli Tanasworobis Sesax-

eb~, sadac ganimarta `genderis~ cneba, agreTve pirdapiri da arapirdapiri diskriminacia

sqesis niSniT.

genderi _ sqesTa Soris urTierTobis socialuri aspeqti, romelic gamoxatulia

sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferoSi da gulisxmobs socializaciiT ganpirobebul

Sexedulebebs ama Tu im sqesze.

pirdapiri diskriminacia _ iseTi mopyroba an pirobebis Seqmna, romelic pirs, saqa-

rTvelos kanonmdeblobiT dadgenili uflebebiT sargeblobisas, sqesis niSniT araxel-

sayrel mdgomareobaSi ayenebs analogiur pirobebSi myof meore sqesis pirebTan Sedare-

biT an Tanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs arsebiTad uTanasworo pirobebSi myof pirebs;

iribi diskriminacia _ iseTi mdgomareoba, rodesac formiT neitraluri da arsiT

diskriminaciuli debuleba, kriteriumi an praqtika pirs sqesis niSniT araxelsayrel

mdgomareobaSi ayenebs analogiur pirobebSi myof meore sqesis pirebTan SedarebiT an

Tanabar mdgomareobaSi ayenebs arsebiTad uTanasworo pirobebSi myof pirebs.12

12 saqarTvelos kanoni `genderuli Tanasworobis Sesaxeb~, 2010 wlis 26 marti, muxli 3.


42

2012 wels ganxorcielda ojaxSi Zaladobis kriminalizacia. kerZod, saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss daemata me-111muxli _ pasuxismgebloba ojaxuri danaSauli-

saTvis da 1261 muxli _ ojaxSi Zaladoba.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis me-111 muxli gansazRvravs ojaxuri dan-

aSaulis cnebas, sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis miznebisaTvis ojaxis wevrTa wres da da-

naSaulTa CamonaTvals, romelTa Cadena ojaxis wevris mimarT kvalificirdeba ojaxur

danaSaulad.

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261-e muxli ojaxSi Zaladobis specialuri muxlia.

ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris mimarT Cadenili Zaladobis aqti, ramac dazaralebulis

fizikuri tkivili gamoiwvia, magram ar mohyolia janmrTelobis raime xarisxiT dazianeba,

kvalificirdeba sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxliT.

agreTve, ssk-is 1261 muxliT kvalificirdeba ojaxis erTi wevris mxridan meoris mimarT

ganxorcielebuli fsiqologiuri Zaladoba: sistematuri Seuracxyofa, SantaJi an dam-

cireba, rac iwvevs dazaralebulis tanjvas anu moralur zians.

2017 wlis 4 maiss ganxorcielebuli cvlilebebis Sedegad, sisxlis samarTlis kode-

qsis 531 muxli gansxvavebulad Camoyalibda, kerZod pirveli nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSau-

lis Cadena sqesis, genderis an diskriminaciis Semcveli sxva niSniT Seuwynareblobis mo-

tiviT aris pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoeba kodeqsiT gaTvaliswinebuli yvela

Sesabamisi danaSaulisaTvis. xolo me-2 nawilis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Cadena ojaxis erTi

wevris mier ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT agreTve pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli garemoe-

ba gaxda.

aseve, aRsaniSnavia 2014 wlis saqarTvelos kanoni diskriminaciis yvela formis aR-

mofxvris Sesaxeb, romelic moicavs sqesis, seqsualuri orientaciisa da genderuli

identobis safuZvelze diskriminaciis akrZalvas;

3. genderuli diskriminaciis motivis gamokveTa gamoZiebis procesSi

2017 wlis 25 oqtombers, saqarTvelos mTavar prokuraturaSi gaeros qalTa orga-

nizaciis mxardaWeriT, ojaxuri danaSaulis Temaze yovelwliuri konferencia gaimar-

Ta. konferenciaze prokuraturis mier warmodgenil iqna ojaxuri danaSaulis da qalTa

mimarT Cadenili mkvlelobebis analizi.13

kvlevis farglebSi Seswavlil iqna 2017 wlis 6 TveSi Cadenili ojaxuri danaSaulis

895 saqme. saqmeTa Seswavla ganxorcielda ori ZiriTadi mimarTulebiT: kriminologiuri

nawili, romlis farglebSic dadginda danaSaulis Sesaxeb Setyobinebis avtorebi, dan-

aSaulis Cadenis adgili, garemoebebi, damokidebuleba dazaralebulsa da braldebuls

Soris, agreTve, dazaralebulTa da braldebulTa personaluri maxasiaTeblebi; ga-

moZiebis efeqturoba, romlis farglebSic dadginda, ramdenad droulia faqtebze rea-

gireba, ramdenad adekvaturi da efeqturia Catarebuli sagamoZiebo moqmedebebi, rogo-

ria dazaralebul pirTa pozicia devnis dawyebis/gamoZiebis Sewyvetis Taobaze, sworad

xdeba Tu ara Semajamebeli gadawyvetilebebis miReba saqmeze.

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebis Seswavlis procesSi gansakuTrebuli yuradReba daeT-

mo genderuli diskriminaciis motivis gamokveTas. ramdenime aTeul sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi, gamoZiebis procesSi Segrovebuli mtkicebulebebis, maT Soris dazaralebulis

Cvenebis safuZvelze gamoikveTa genderuli diskriminaciis motivi.

2017 wels prokurorebisTvis SemuSavda axali rekomendacia ojaxSi Zaladobaze

13 ix. miTiTebuli analizebi saqarTvelos mTavari prokuraturis veb-gverdze: http://pob.bov.be/beo/news?info_id=1392 [nanaxia 02.12.2017]


43

da ojaxuri danaSaulis saqmeebze aucilebeli sagamoZiebo da saproceso moqmedebebis

Catarebis Sesaxeb, sadac specialuri Tavi daeTmo genderuli diskriminaciis motivs.

Zaladobis faqtebis motivebis gaanalizebis Sedegad gamoikveTa, rom Zaladobis yvelaze

meti faqti Cadenilia urTierTSelaparakebis dros; sayofacxovrebo niadagze konfliqtis

dros; agreTve, maRalia eWvianobis niadagze Cadenili Zaladobebis ricxvi; gamoZiebis mim-

dinareobisas naklebad xdeba genderuli niSniT Zaladobis gamokveTa. genderuli motiv-

is gamokveTa sirTules warmoadgens rogorc gamoZiebis mimdinareobisas, aseve sasamarT-

loSi saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvisas.

genderi aris socialuri sqesi, gansxvaveba qalsa da kacs Soris, romelic ganpirobebu-

lia ara biologiuri, aramed socialuri mocemulobiT, ama Tu im sazogadoebaSi kacisa

da qalis rolis TaviseburebebiT. genderi niSnavs socialurad SemuSavebuli rolebis,

qcevebisa da maxasiaTeblebis erTobliobas, romlebsac mocemuli sazogadoeba miiCnevs

saTanadod qalisTvis da mamakacisTvis. imisaTvis, raTa gairkves xom ar iyo danaSau-

li Cadenili genderuli diskriminaciis motiviT, unda dadgindes moZaladis danaSaule-

brivi qmedeba xom ar iyo ganpirobebuli genderuli stereotipebis gavleniT. genderuli

stereotipia qalisa da mamakacis msgavsi qcevis radikalurad gansxvavebuli Sefaseba da

araTanazomierad gakicxva.

stereotipuli Sexedulebebi gamoixateba ZiriTadad amgvar SefasebebSi: magaliTad,

genderuli stereotipebis gavleniT, mamakaci meuRles miiCnevs sakuTrebad, rac gamoix-

ateba imaSi, rom qals ufleba ar aqvs meuRlis nebarTvis an Tanxmobis gareSe gavides

saxlidan, kontaqti daamyaros naTesavebTan, isargeblos telefoniT Tu socialuri

qseliT, airCios megobrebi, miiRos ganaTleba, daeuflos garkveul profesias, daiwyos

muSaoba da a.S. anu, rodesac qals warTmeuli aqvs ufleba Tavad miiRos gadawyvetileba

im sakiTxebze, romlebic mis pirad cxovrebas exeba. aseve, ganqorwinebis Semdeg, yofi-

li meuRlis mier xSirad xorcieldeba qalis qcevis kontroli; ganqorwinebul cols

moeTxoveba dakavdes mxolod bavSvebis movliT da aRzrdiT da ar aqvs piradi cxovre-

bis Tavisuflad warmarTvis ufleba misi yofili qmris saxelis arSercxvenis gamo, mis

mier seqsualuri partnioris yola iTvleba `gzidan acdenad~, àRviraxsnil cxovrebad~.

swored amgvari genderuli stereotipebiT ganpirobebuli Zaladobrivi qceva unda iqnes

miCneuli genderuli niSniT Seuwynarebluri motiviT Cadenil danaSaulad.

amdenad, qalTa mimarT Zaladobis yvela faqtze unda dadgindes danaSaulis motivi

xom ar iyo qalis gaaqtiurebuli rolis an tradiciebis sawinaaRmdego qcevisadmi mo-

Zaladis agresiuli damokidebuleba an qalis gavlenisa da SiSis qveS moqcevis, ojaxSi

mamakacis upiratesi mdgomareobis demonstrirebis survili. aRniSnuli motivis gamokve-

Tis mizniT yuradReba unda gamaxvildes damnaSavis mier gamoTqmul Seuracxmyofel ga-

monaTqvamebze, romelic dazaralebulis sqess ixseniebs augad, mis reputacias ayenebs

eWvqveS, yuradRebas amaxvilebs mis funqciebze da stereotipul rolze sazogadoebasa

da ojaxSi.14

prokuraturisa da sasamarTlo organoebisaTvis genderuli niSniT motivirebuli

danaSaulebis gamokvleva da Sefaseba mniSvnelovani gamowvevaa. saqarTvelos axalgazr-

da iuristTa asociaciis mier Catarebulma monitoringma aCvena, rom rig SemTxvevebSi,

ikveTeboda niSnebi, romelTa safuZvelzec unda gamokvleuliyo, danaSaulis Cadena mo-

tivirebuli iyo Tu ara genderuli uTanasworobiT, qalis genderul rolze arsebuli

SexedulebiTa da stereotipuli damokidebulebiT. Tumca, aseT faqtebze braldebis

14 baqraZe m., kvirikaSvili m., merebaSvili n., praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo mosamarTleebisa da

prokurorebisTvis marTlmsajulebisadmi qalTa xelmisawvdomobis sagarantiod, evropis

sabWo, 2017, 41-42


44

mxaresa da sasamarTlos yuradReba ar gaumaxvilebiaT.

zemoxsenebul niSnebze miuTiTebs, magaliTad, braldebulis ganmarteba, rom msxver-

pls (yofil meuRles) ar unda Caedina iseTi qmedeba, rogoric cols ar Seefereboda.

erT SemTxvevaSi, braldebulma ieWviana Tavis meuRleze, rac, savaraudod, gaxda fiziku-

ri da fsiqologiuri Zaladobis mizezi (meuRles scema da waqceul msxverpls mokvliT

emuqreboda). SesaZlo diskriminaciuli motivis arsebobaze miuTiTebs is faqtic, rom

moZaladem yofili meuRlis socialur gverdze naxa suraTebi, razec gaRizianda da

Zaladoba ganaxorciela. agreTve, gamoikveTa partniori qalis mimarT mamakacis mesakuT-

ruli damokidebuleba da misi qcevis gakontrolebis survili (`SeiZleba Semdeg uaresi

dagemarTos, Tu Wkvianad ar iqnebi~. Tumca, miuxedavad genderuli diskriminaciuli mo-

tivis mimaniSnebeli garemoebebisa, braldebisa da sasamarTlo organoebis ganmartebebi am

kuTxiT msjelobas ar moicavs.15

ojaxSi Zaladobis, ojaxuri danaSaulebisa da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis saqmeebze

mniSvnelovania, rom prokurorma danaSaulis kvalifikaciisas gamoikvlios, xom ar moxda

danaSaulis Cadena genderuli an sxva Seuwynareblobis motiviT da diskriminaciis SemTx-

vevaSi bralis Sesaxeb dadgenilebaSi, aseve saqmis arsebiTi ganxilvis etapze Sesaval da

daskvniT sityvebSi, mowmeTa dakiTxvis procesSi, sasamarTlos miuTiTos, raTa gamoy-

enebul iqnas saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 531 muxliT gaTvaliswinebuli

sasjelis damamZimebeli garemoeba da danaSaulis Camden pirs gaesazRvros misi qmedebis

simZimis Sesabamisi sasjeli;

4. sasamarTlo praqtikis analizi

ramdenime aTeul sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi, gamoZiebis procesSi Segrovebuli mt-

kicebulebebis da dazaralebulis Cvenebis safuZvelze gamoikveTa genderuli diskrim-

inaciis motivi, romelzec prokurorma imsjela bralis dadgenilebaSi. nawil saqmeebze

sasamarTlom prokuroris miTiTeba gaiTvaliswina, xolo saqmeTa nawilze miuxedavad

saqmeSi arsebuli mticebulebebisa, genderuli diskriminaciis motivi ar miuTiTa.

1. TeTriwyaros raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 oqtombris ganaCeniT16 bral-

debuli p.s. cnobil iqna damnaSaved saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 mux-

lis pirveli nawiliT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenisTvis. p.s.-m meuRles- v.p.-s

genderuli niSniT Seuwynareblobis motiviT (kerZod Tu ratom gadawyvita damoukide-

blad dazaralebulma, rom esaubra da rCeva mieca mezoblisTvis), xelebiT da fexebiT

saxis areSi miayena fizikuri Seuracxyofa.

ganaCenSi miTiTebulia, rom braldebulma p.s.-m Caidina meuRlis mimarT ojaxSi Zal-

adoba genderuli Seuwynareblobis motiviT. saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis

531 muxlis Tanaxmad, danaSaulis Cadena rasis, kanis feris, enis, sqesis, seqsualuri ori-

entaciis, genderis, genderuli identobis, asakis, religiis, politikuri an sxva Sexed-

ulebis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis, moqalaqeobis, erovnuli, eTnikuri an socialuri

kuTvnilebis, warmoSobis, qonebrivi an wodebrivi mdgomareobis, sacxovrebeli adgilis

an diskriminaciis Semcveli sxva niSniT Seuwynareblobis motiviT, aseve, danaSaulis Ca-

dena ojaxis erTi wevris mier ojaxis sxva wevris mimarT, aris pasuxismgeblobis dama-

mZimebeli garemoeba.

15 ojaxSi Zaladobis, ojaxuri danaSaulisa da qalTa mimarT Zaladobis saqmeebi, `saqarTvelos axalgazrda

iuristTa asociaciis~ monitoringis angariSi N10, 2017, 33

16 TeTriwyaros raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 oqtombris ganaCeni. saqme N1/48-17


45

2. l.g. meuRles v.g.-s ukanaskneli sami wlis ganmavlobaSi, sistematurad nasvam mdgo-

mareobaSi myofi mSoblebis TandaswrebiT maTive misamarTiT aginebda, aseve genderuli

niSniT diskriminaciis motiviT amcirebda, eubneboda, rom radgan is misi meuRle iyo

es valdebuls xdida misi yvela survili nebismier dros Seesrulebina. l.g. meuRles

eqceoda rogorc mosamsaxures, romelsac mis sawinaaRmdegod araferi ar unda eTqva.

nasvam mdgomareobaSi myofma l.g.-m imis gamo, rom gvian RamiT saxlSi ar hqonda sigarti,

meuRles miayena sityvieri Seuracxyofa, rac gamoixata ginebaSi. yovelive aRniSnuliT

v.g-m Tavi igrZno damcirebulad da ganicada tanjva.

rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeniT17, saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kod-

eqsis 531 muxlis gaTvaliswinebiT, l.g. cnobil iqna damnaSaved wardgenil braldebaSi.

3. rogorc kargi praqtikis magaliTi, aRsaniSnavia Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos

ganaCeni, sadac sasamarTlom ganaCenSi imsjela, rom ojaxSi ZaladobasTan sabrZolvelad

miRebuli kanonebis Sesrulebas abrkolebs sazogadoebaSi arsebuli damokidebuleba da

Rrmad fesvgadgmuli patriarqaluri midgomebi da genderuli stereotipebi, rac gen-

deruli niSniT Zaladobis mimarT Semwynareblur damokidebulebas ganapirobebs, xolo

ojaxSi Zaladoba qveynis umetes nawilSi Zalze piradul da ara sajaro sakiTxad miiCneva.18

agreTve, sasamarTlo msjelobs Tu ra uaryofiT zegavlenas axdenen naTesavebi da

ojaxis wevrebi dazaralebulis Tavisufal nebaze. xSirad msxverplis Tavisufali neba

paralizebulia mravali faqtoriT, kerZod, siyvaruliT ganpirobebuli mimteveblobis,

naTesavebis zewolis, sazogadoebis reagirebisa Tu moZaladis materialurad damok-

idebulebis gamo ver axerxeben sakuTari poziciis bolomde dafiqsirebas, rasac mogvi-

anebiT nanoben da Sedegebsac sakuTar janmrTelobaze iReben, zog SemTxvevaSi ki midian

letalur Sedegebamde. msxverplis da misi Svilebis usafrTxoebas eqmneba ganmeorebiTi

da SesaZloa intensivobiT ufro maRali xarisxis safrTxe, rodesac maT rTuli social-

ur-ekonomikuri pirobebis, SiSis Tu problemis seriozulobis arasaTanado aRqmis gamo

uxdebaT konfliqtur situaciaSi dabruneba da TiTqosda sakuTari nebiT uars amboben

gaeridon Zaladobriv garemos.

4. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos ganaCeni.19 aRniSnuli

ganaCeni SeiZleba miviCnioT kargi praqtikis damkvidrebis magaliTad. sasamarTlom ga-

naCenis samotivacio nawilSi imsjela qalTa diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris

Sesaxeb konvenciis mniSvnelobaze, agreTve, qalis mimarT Zaladobis da/an òjaxSi Zala-

dobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarT-

velos kanoniT dadgenil administraciul-samarTlebriv meqanizmze da miuTiTa, rom

braldebul m.e.-s mier meuRlis l.m-s mimarT Cadenili ojaxSi Zaladoba adamianis ufle-

baTa darRveva da genderuli diskriminaciis formaa da warmoadgens pasuxismgeblobis

damamZimebel garemoebas.

5.aRsaniSnavia da yuradsaRebia erTi sisxlis samarTlis saqme, sadac marTalia

prokurorma miuTiTa genderuli diskriminaciis motivze, Tumca sasamarTlom miiCnia,

rom braldebulis pasuxismgeblobis Semamsubuqebeli garemoeba iyo mis mier Cadenili

danaSaulis gulwrfeli aRiareba da monanieba, xolo pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebeli

garemoeba ar arsebobda.20

aRniSnul saqmeSi dazaralebuli s.n. miuTiTebda, rom meuRle v.a. saSineli eWviano-

bis gamo xSirad ayenebda sityvier da fizikur Seuracxyofas, riTac mudmivad ganicdida

sulier da moralur tanjvas. v.a imdenad eWviani iyo, rom mezoblis mier naTqvami gamar-

17 rusTavis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 seqtembris ganaCeni. saqme N1/413-17

18 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 5 ivlisis ganaCeni, saqme N1/2533-17

19 Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2016 wlis 28 seqtembris ganaCeni, saqme N1/3889-16

20Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 6 ianvris ganaCeni, saqme N1/5161-16


46

jobis gamo, dazaralebuli s.n. sastikad scema da saxe daulurja. v.a kategoriulad

moiTxovda dazaralebuls saSvilosno amoeWra, raTa misTvis ar eRalata. aseve, kate-

goriulad sTxovda damorCileoboda mis neba-survils, misi davalebebi Seesrulebina

usityvod. masze kontrolisa da zegavlenis moxdenis mizniT ukrZalavda da uzRudavda

sayofacxovrebo nivTebiT- televizoriT da telefoniT sargeblobas. samwuxaroa, rom

aRniSnuli faqtobrivi garemoebebis miuxedavad, sasamarTlom damamZimebeli garemoeba

ver aRmoaCina da yuradRebis miRma datova genderuli diskriminaciis motivi.

4.1. sqesis niSniT diskriminacia

gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia goris raionuli sasamarTlos erT-erTi mosamarTlis

oTxi ganaCeni, sadac mosamarTlem imsjela sqesis niSniT diskriminaciaze.

1. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom goris raionis

erT-erT sofelSi q. a.-m ganaxorciela ojaxSi Zaladoba Svilis T.a-s mimarT, kerZod sax-

is areSi ramdenjerme daartya xeli, ris Sedegadac T.a.-m ganicada fizikuri tkivili da

miiRo msubuqi xarisxis dazianeba, janmrTelobis mouSlelad. q.a.-s waredgina braldeba

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxlis pirveli nawiliT.

goris raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT21 q.a. cnobil iqna damnaSaved wardgenil

braldebaSi. ganaCenSi Semdegi msjelobaa mocemuli: `pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel

garemoebad sasamarTlo miiCnevs sqesze dafuZnebuli diskriminaciis niSniT, Seuwynare-

blobis motiviT q.a.-s mier Zaladobis Cadenas misi Svilis T.a.-s mimarT (saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis me-31 nawili).~ ganaCenSi agreTve mimoxilulia

sayovelTaod aRiarebuli saerTaSoriso principebi da normebi da saxelmwifos pozi-

tiuri valdebuleba qalTa mimarT Cadenil Zaladobaze ganaxorcielos drouli da efeq-

tiani reagireba.

2. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom q. gorSi, j.m.-m

urTierTSelaparakebis niadagze misi arasrulwlovani vaJis TandaswrebiT fizikuri

Seuracxyofa miayena arasrulwlovan qaliSvils m.m.-s, kerZod samjer moqaCa Tmebi, or-

jer daartya xeli marjvena loyaSi. dartymis Sedegad m.m. gadavarda ukan, Tavi daartya

kedels, ra drosac j.m.-m marjvena fexSi amoartya wixli. dazaralebulma ganicada

fizikuri tkivili da miiRo janmrTelobis msubuqi xarisxis dazianeba mouSlelad. j.m-s

waredgina braldeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxlis me-2 nawilis

à~ da `b~ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi.

goris raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT22 j.m. cnobil iqna damnaSaved wardgenil

braldebaSi. sasamarTlom damamZimebel garemoebad miuTiTa, rom Zaladoba Cadenili

iyo sqesze dafuZnebuli diskriminaciis niSniT, Seuwynareblobis motiviT (saqarTvelos

sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis me-31 nawili).

3. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom q. gorSi, d.l.-m

misi arasrulwlovani vaJis TandaswrebiT fizikuri Seuracxyofa miayena meuRles T.l.-s,

ra drosac dazaralebulma ganicada fizikuri tkivili. d.l.-s waredgina braldeba saqa-

rTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~ qvepunqtiT gaTval-

iswinebuli danaSaulis CadenaSi.

goris raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT23 d.l. cnobil iqna damnaSaved wardgenil

21 goris raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 18 ianvris ganaCeni, saqme N 1/456-16

22 goris raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 29 maisis ganaCeni, saqme N1/176-17

23 goris raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 10 martis ganaCeni, saqme N1/68-17


47

braldebaSi. sasamarTlom aRniSnul SemTxvevaSic damamZimebel garemoebad miuTiTa, rom

Zaladoba Cadenili iyo sqesze dafuZnebuli diskriminaciis niSniT, Seuwynareblobis mo-

tiviT (saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 53-e muxlis me-31 nawili).

4. sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Catarebuli gamoZiebiT dadginda, rom m.m. meuRles

sistematiurad ayenebda fizikur da sityvier Seuracxyofas, radgan iyo qali da mas,

rogorc qals aranairi ufleba ar hqonda. meuRles moixseniebda, rogorc msubuqi yo-

faqcevis qals da ukrZalavda mezoblebTan, naTesavebTan da SvilebTan sturobas. cdi-

lobda mis gakontrolebas. wlebis ganmavlobaSi dazaralebuli ganicdida moralur tan-

jvas. m.m.-s waredgina braldeba saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqsis 1261 muxlis

pirveli nawiliTa da 111 151 muxlebiT gaTvaliswinebuli danaSaulebis CadenaSi.

goris raionuli sasamarTlos ganaCeniT m.m. cnobil iqna damnaSaved wardgenil bral-

debebSi.24 sasamarTlom ganaCenSi miuTiTa, rom pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoe-

bad sasamarTlo miiCnevs sqesze dafuZnebuli diskriminaciis niSniT, Seuwynareblobis

motiviT, m.m-s mier Zaladobis Cadenas meuRlis mimarT ssk-is 531 muxlis pirveli nawil-

iT.

sasamarTlos SefasebiT, mocemul SemTxvevaSi saxelmwifom qalis mimarT Seuwynare-

blobis motiviT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis faqtze drouli reagireba moaxdina, riTac

Seasrula pozitiuri valdebuleba ojaxSi Zaladobis aRsakveTad adekvaturi sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi meqanizmebis myisierad amoqmedebis TvalsazrisiT. sasamarTlo Sefasebis

gareSe ver datovebs braldebulis qmedebaSi gamovlenil marTlsawinaaRmdegi nebas. mt-

kicebulebaTa erTobliobiT dadgenilia, rom dazaralebuli wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganic-

dida fsiqologiur Zaladobas meuRlis mxridan mxolod im mizeziT, rom aris qali. m.m.

meuRles sistematurad uzRudavda SvilebTan da naTesavebTan urTierTobas, ar aZlevda

uflebas kontaqti hqonoda mezoblebTan da daukiTxavad gasuliyo saxlidan, ris ga-

moc dazaralebuli mudmivad ganicdida moralur tanjvas. m.m. qals, romelTanac 8 Svi-

li hyavs, sabolood sastikad gausworda da Seuwynareblobis motiviT, diskriminaciis

niSniT Cadenili Zaladobrivi qmedebiT scada misi damorCileba.

oTxive ganaCeni marTlac uprecedentoa da misasalmebelia, rodesac sasamarTlo

ganaCenSi msjelobs pasuxismgeblobis damamZimebel garemoebaze, saxelmwifos pozitiur

valdebulebaze droulad da efeqtianad gamoiZios qalTa mimarT da ojaxSi Zaladobis

saqmeebi, agreTve mimoixilavs adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos precedentul

samarTals, qalTa Zaladobis winaaRmdeg arsebul saerTaSoriso normebs, Tumca al-

baT umjobesi iqneboda, sasamarTlos ufro metad gaemaxvilebina yuradReba, ras niS-

navs `sqesze dafuZnebuli diskriminaciis niSniT, Seuwynareblobis motiviT~ Cadenili

danaSaulebi. ratom miiCnia sasamarTlom, rom zemoTmoyvanil konkretul SemTxvevebSi

adgili hqonda sqesis niSniT diskriminacias. agreTve, saintereso iqneboda sasamarTlos

ganmarteba sqesis~ da genderis~ Sesaxeb. xom ar iyo es danaSaulebi Cadenili genderuli

diskriminaciis motiviT. Tumca, kidev erTxel xazgasmiT unda aRiniSnos, rom sasamarT-

los gadawyvetilebebSi msjelobis dawyeba `sqesis niSniT~ an/da `genderul disriminaci-

is motiviT~ Cadenil danaSaulebze, namdvilad win gadadgmuli nabijia.

daskvna

ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevebis samarTlebrivi kvalifikaciis sakiTxi kvlav rCeba

mTavar gamowvevad samarTaldamcavi organoebisTvis da sasamarTlosTvis. miuxedavad

sakanonmdeblo Tu aRmasrulebel doneze gatarebuli reformebisa, agreTve samoqalaqo

24 goris raionuli sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 7 seqtembris ganaCeni. saqme N1/263-17


48

sazogadoebis Zalisxmevisa, yvelaze mniSvnelovan sakiTxs sazogadoebis cnobierebis ama-

Rleba warmoadgens. sazogadoebis didi nawili mkacrad gansjis TiToeul qals, romelic

Tavis dacvas cdilobs moZaladisgan da zogjer maT mkvlelobasac amarTlebs. amitom

Zalian mniSvnelovania samTavrobo Tu arasamTavrobo seqtoris aqtiuri CarTuloba cno-

bierebis amaRlebis kampaniebSi, raTa sazogadoebas miewodos srulyofili da amomwuravi

informacia kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli sanqciebis da msxverplTa damcavi meqanizmebi-

sa da servisebis Sesaxeb. agreTve, mniSvnelovania gaizardos qalTa informireba maTi

uflebebis Sesaxeb da zogadad gaizardos samarTaldamacavi organoebis mimarT ndoba.

amasTan, aucilebelia gamomZieblebis, prokurorebis da mosamarTleebis kvalifik-

aciis amaRleba genderuli diskriminaciis, genderulad mgrZnobiare midgomebis Sesaxeb.

49

ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebis

ganxilvis Taviseburebani sasamarTloSi

badri koWlamazaSvili

samarTlis doqtori,

Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos

sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa kolegiis mosamarTle

yoveli saqmis ganxilvas sasamarTloSi garkveuli Tavisebureba axasiaTebs. am mxriv

gamonaklisi arc ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebia, romlebic specifikurobis garda, erTg-

vari sirTuliTac gamoirCeva. sirTule dakavSirebulia imasTan, rom saqme exeba iseT

urTules da umniSvnelovanes erTeuls, rogoricaa ojaxi, romlis erTianobisa da sim-

yaris SenarCunebisaTvis zrunva aramarto saxelmwifos, aramed sazogadoebis TiToeuli

wevris movaleobaa, Tumca, amavdroulad saxelmwifos movaleobaa aseve Zaladobis msx-

verplis dacva, moZaladis gamovlena da mis mimarT efeqturi RonisZiebebis gatareba.

ojaxSi ZaladobasTan sabrZolvelad miRebuli kanonebis Sesrulebas abrkolebs

sazogadoebis erT nawilSi arsebuli damokidebuleba da maTi mcdari poziciebi da gen-

deruli stereotipebi, rac genderuli niSniT Zaladobis mimarT Semwynareblur damok-

idebulebas ganapirobebs, xolo ojaxSi Zaladoba qveynis umetes nawilSi Zalze piradul

da ara sajaro sakiTxad miiCneva, Tumca unda aRiniSnos, rom am mxriv mniSvnelovani pro-

gresi mainc miRweulia. informirebulobis asamaRleblad ganxorcielebuli aqtivobebi

TandaTan iwvevs am sakiTxis mimarT damokidebulebis cvlilebas, Tumca ojaxSi Zaladoba

Cveni drois erT-erT yvelaze kritikul gamowvevad mainc rCeba.

pasuxismgebloba ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciasa da adekvaturi reagirebis ganxor-

cielebaze gonivrulobis farglebSi ekisreba saxelmwifos.

aRsaniSnavia, gaeros qalTa winaaRmdeg diskriminaciis aRmofxvris komitetis 2015

wlis 13 ivlisis gadawyvetileba saqmeze X da Y saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg (ganacxadi

#24/2009), romelic saerTaSoriso organos mier saqarTveloSi ojaxSi Zaladobis Ses-

axeb miRebuli pirveli gadawyvetilebaa da Seexeba saxelmwifos mier ojaxSi Zaladobis

prevenciisa da adekvaturi reagirebis ganxorcielebis valdebulebis Seusruleblo-

bas. xsenebuli gadawyvetilebiT komitetma daadgina, rom saxelmwifom daarRvia `qalTa

mimarT diskriminaciis yvela formis aRmofxvris Sesaxeb~ konvenciis me-2 muxlis (b)-(v)

punqtebi, pirvel da me-5(a) muxlebTan da komitetis `qalTa winaaRmdeg Zaladobis Ses-

axeb #19~ rekomendaciasTan erTobliobaSi da garda momCivanTa darRveuli uflebebis

aRsadgeni konkretuli nabijebis miTiTebisa, saqarTvelos mTavrobas mimarTa rekomen-

daciiT, sxva qalebisa da bavSvebis dasacavad gaaZlieros cnobierebis asamaRlebeli kam-

paniebi.

evrosasamarTlos praqtikis Sesabamisadac, saxelmwifos ekisreba valdebuleba er-

Tis mxriv, Tavad ar xelyos adamianis uflebebi da, meores mxriv, daicvas adamiani me-

same pirebis mxridan ganxorcielebuli Zaladobisagan. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli

sasamarTlos mier ganxilul saqmeSi OPUZ V. TURKEY _ ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmesTan

dakavSirebiT, romelic moZaladis mier msxverplis mkvlelobiT dasrulda, dadginda


50

saxelmwifos pozitiuri valdebulebis darRveva da masSi xazi gaesva saxelmwifos pa-

suxismgeblobas im pirobebSi, rodesac informirebulia Zaladobis arsebobis Sesaxeb.

xsenebul gadawyvetilebaSi, sadac ojaxuri Zaladobisagan prevenciuli operatiuli

zomebis gatarebis Taobaze pozitiuri valdebulebis xelisuflebisaTvis dakisrebazea

saubari, evrosasamarTlom daadgina àdamianis uflebaTa da ZiriTad TavisuflebaTa

dacvis konvenciis~ me-3 muxlis darRveva xelisuflebis organoebis uunarobis gamo,

daecvaT momCivani misi yofili qmris mier ojaxuri Zaladobisagan. darRvevis dadgenis

safuZvlad ki miCneul iqna xelisuflebis mxridan pozitiuri valdebulebis darRveva

da xelisuflebis organoebis arajerovani moqmedeba momCivanisa da misi dedis mimarT

Zaladobis aRsakveTad, sisxlissamarTlebrivi an sxva Sesabamisi prevenciuli zomebis

ganuxorcielebloba miuxedavad msxverplTa mier saCivrebis ukan gamoxmobisa, agreTve is

garemoeba, rom xelisuflebis organoebma saTanadod ar gaaanalizes saCivrebis gamota-

nis miRma arsebuli motivebi.

imisaTvis, rom moZaladis mimarT gatardes efeqturi RonisZiebebi, pirvel rigSi

saWiroa dadgindes moZalade da dadasturdes mis mier Zaladobrivi danaSaulis Cadenis

faqti, rac saqmis sasamarTlo ganxilvis gareSe warmoudgenelia. Cven ar SevexebiT ojax-

Si Zaladobis faqtebis gamovlenis sirTules an gamoZiebis specifikurobas, Cven mxolod

sasamarTlo ganxilvis procesSi wamoWril siZneleebs SevexebiT, romlebic arTulebs

Zaladobis faqtis dadasturebulad miCnevas da Sesabamisad, moZaladis msjavrdebas. es

siZneleebi dakavSirebulia ramdenime garemoebasTan, romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia Semde-

gi:

1. Zaladobis faqts xSirad ar hyavs Semswre piri da braldeba efuZneba mxolod

dazaralebulis Cvenebas;

2. dazaralebuli moZaladis ojaxis wevria da xSirad sargeblobs uflebiT ar misces

Tavisi axlo naTesavis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba;

3. Zaladobis faqts hyavs Semswre pirebi, Tumca isinic dazaralebulis msgavsad mo-

Zaladis ojaxis wevrebi arian da sargebloben uflebiT ar miscen TavianTi axlo naTe-

savis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba;

4. Zaladobis faqts hyavs Semswre mcirewlovani pirebi, Tumca isini imdenad mcirew-

lovnebi arian, rom maTi dakiTxva SeuZlebelia;

5. dazaralebulisaTvis dazianebis arsebobis faqti ar dasturdeba samedicino

eqspertizis daskvniT, Tumca dazaralebuli acxadebs, rom masze ganxorcielda Zalado-

ba;

6. dazaralebulisaTvis dazianebis arsebobis faqti dasturdeba samedicino eqsper-

tizis daskvniT, magram dazaralebuli acxadebs, rom dazianeba braldebuls ar miuy-

enebia;

7. dazaralebuli adasturebs mis mimarT ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis faqts, Tumca

aRniSnavs, rom fizikuri tkivili ar ganucdia;

8. Zaladobis sistematurobaze saubrobs mxolod dazaralebuli.

ganvixiloT TiToeuli SemTxveva:

1. umetesad ojaxSi Zaladoba sxvaTagan SeumCnevlad xdeba. es arc aris gasakviri,

ramdenadac am danaSauls xSirad ojaxuri da piradi mizezebi aqvs, romelTa Sesaxeb

ojaxis wevrebs ojaxur pirobebSi uxdebaT saubari da mas sajarod ar ganixilaven, mag-

aliTad, Tu qmari eWvianobis niadagze eCxubeba cols, rogorc wesi, am sakiTxze saubars

ojaxSi Zaladobis saqmeebis ganxilvis Taviseburebani sasamarTloSi badrikoWlamazaSvili

51

meuRleebi sxvaTa TandaswrebiT ar ganixilaven. igi mxolod or pirs Soris ganixileba

da amis niadagze wamoWrili konfliqtic, romelic gadaizrdeba fizikur ZaladobaSi,

sxvaTaTvis SeumCneveli rCeba. aseT dros saxezea mxolod dazaralebulis Cveneba, rome-

lic detalurad aRwers momxdari Zaladobis faqts da acxadebs, rom masze ganxorciel-

da Zaladoba. amas upirispirdeba braldebuli da acxadebs, rom dazaralebuli cruobs

da araviTar Zaladobas ar hqonia adgili. maTgan romeli ambobs simarTles, bunebrivia

unda Sefasdes imisda mixedviT, Tu vis naTqvams adasturebs am saqmeze Sekrebili sxva

mtkicebulebebi. saqmec isaa, rom zogjer xelis erTxel msubuqad dartymam SesaZloa

arc datovos dazianebis imgvari kvali, rac eqspertizis Sedegad dadasturdeba, xolo

sxva raime mtkicebuleba, romelic miuTiTebda Zaladobis faqtze (magaliTad, mowmeebi),

SesaZloa mopovebuli ver iqnes obieqturad maTi ararsebobis gamo, aseT dros miuxeda-

vad imisa, rom fizikuri Zaladobis faqts SesaZloa marTlac hqonda adgili, sasamarT-

los gauWirdeba mxolod dazaralebulis versiis safuZvelze gamamtyunebeli ganaCenis

gamotana da braldebuli wardgenil braldebaSi unda gamarTldes.

2. sagulisxmoa, rom Zaladobis msxverpli braldebulis ojaxis wevria (meuRle, Svi-

li, mSobeli da a.S.) da Tu igi zogierT SemTxvevaSi aris mzad sruli simarTle ga-

nucxados sasamarTlos, umetesad, rogorc wesi, `mainc ver imetebs~ Tavisi ojaxis wevrs

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobisaTvis da cdilobs `Searbilos~ momxdari Zal-

adobrivi faqtis simZafre da ar daanaxos sasamarTlos braldebulis realuri saxe.

zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki igi iyenebs kanoniT miniWebul uflebas da uars acxadebs sa-

samarTlos misces axlo naTesavis (braldebulis) mamxilebeli Cveneba, rac sasamarTlos

mxridan daculi unda iyos da aseT dros dazaralebuli Tavisufldeba Cvenebis micemis

valdebulebisagan.

sasamarTlo praqtika icnobs uamrav SemTxvevas, roca Zaladobis msxverpli uars

acxadebs Cvenebis micemaze braldebuli meuRlis, mamis, Svilis da sxv. winaaRmdeg da

sasamarTlos yovelgvari axsna-ganmartebis gareSe ucxadebs mxolod imas, rom ar surs

Tavisi axlo naTesavis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micema, ra drosac sasamarTlo arkvevs mx-

olod imas, xom ara aqvs dazaralebulis mimarT vinmes mxridan raime kanonsawinaaRmdego

zemoqmedebas adgili da Cvenebis micemaze uars xom nebayoflobiT acxadebs.

Tuki saqmis ganxilvis dasrulebamde gairkveva, rom msxverplze (an TviTmxilvel-

ze) ganxorcielda zewola da man iZulebis gamo ganacxada uari Cvenebis micemaze da

amjerad igi gamoTqvams mzadyofnas, rom sasamarTlos misces obieqturi Cveneba, aseT

dros vfiqrobT, sasamarTlom mxaris Suamdgomlobis safuZvelze xelaxla unda mousmin-

os erTxel ukve dakiTxul pirs.

xSiria SemTxveva, roca dazaralebuli Tavis pozicias sasamarTlos acnobs piradad

an sanotaro wesiT damowmebuli werilobiTi formiT da acxadebs, rom braldebulis

mimarT aranairi pretenzia ar gaaCnia, Seurigda mas da patiobs Cadenils, ris gamoc iTx-

ovs braldebulis mimarT gavrceldes kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli SeRavaTebi.

es ukanaskneli SemTxveva (dazaralebulis Serigeba) xels ar uSlis Tavad Zalado-

brivi faqtis dadgenas, radgan dazaralebuli Zaladobis faqts ki ar uaryofs, aramed

adasturebs kidec, oRond patiobs mis Cadenas braldebuls da urigdeba mas. am pozi-

ciam SesaZloa gavlena iqonios dasaniSn sasjelze, Tumca igi sruliad gansxvavebulia

im SemTxvevisagan, roca dazaralebuli uars ambobs Cvenebis micemaze, ramac SesaZloa

gadamwyveti gavlena iqonios Zaladobis faqtis daudgenlobis sakiTxze, miT ufro iseT

SemTxvevaSi, roca Zaladoba dazaralebulis mimarT ganxorcielda sxvaTa (mowmeTa) Se-

umCnevlad. aseT dros Zaladobis faqtis damdgeni ZiriTadi mtkicebulebebia dazarale-


52

bulis Cveneba da mis mimarT Catarebuli sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis daskvna,

xolo, roca dazaralebuli dums, mtkicebulebad rCeba mxolod eqspertizis daskvna,

romliTac dasturdeba dazaralebulis sxeulze dazianebis arsebobis faqti, Tumca igi

verafers ityvis dazianebis mimyeneblis vinaobis Sesaxeb. amdenad, dazianebis arsebobis

faqti dadasturebuli iqneba, magram misi mimyeneblis vinaobis Sesaxeb sasamarTlosTvis

ucnobi darCeba, rac saboloo jamSi ganapirobebs braldebulis udanaSaulod cnobas.

magaliTad, swored ase moxda erT-erT saqmeze, sadac mosamarTlem ganaCenSi aRniSna:

`samedicino eqspertis daskvniT zogadad SesaZlebelia dadgindes dazianebebis arsebo-

ba, maTi simZime, raodenoba, Tumca obieqturad SeuZlebelia eqspertis daskvniT gani-

sazRvros dazianebebis mimyenebeli piris vinaoba, Sesabamisad, eqspertis daskvniT imis

mtkiceba, rom msxverpls dazianeba miayena konkretulma pirma, SeuZlebelia da warmoad-

gens mxolod varauds. mocemul SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom sadavo ar aris

da eqspertis daskvniT dgindeba, rom dazaralebuls kisris midamoSi aReniSneboda ori

sisxlnaJRenTi (zoma: 1,0X1,2sm., 2,2X0,7sm.), Tumca aRniSnuli eqspertis daskvniT im faq-

tis dadgena Tu vin, rodis da ra viTarebaSi miayena mas aRniSnuli dazianebebi, SeuZle-

belia. braldebis mxaris miTiTeba im garemoebaze, rom es dazianeba miayena braldebul-

ma, uSualod am mtkicebulebis Sinaarsidan ar gamomdinareobs da warmoadgens mxolod

varauds~1.

SesaZloa dazaralebuli uars acxadebdes sasamarTloSi ojaxis wevris sawinaaRmde-

go Cvenebis micemaze, magram arsebobdnen faqtis TviTmxilveli pirebi an gareSe pirebi,

romlebic Seeswrnen ara Zaladobis faqts, aramed Zaladobis dasrulebisTanave Seqm-

nil situacias, ra drosac Zaladobis kvali jer kidev TvalnaTliv SesamCnevi iyo. aseT

dros sasamarTlom erT-erT saqmeze am pirTa Cveneba pirdapir mtkicebulebad Seafasa

da ganmarta: `sasamarTlo aRniSnavs, rom mowmis saxiT dakiTxuli patrul-inspeqtore-

bi, romelTac danaSaulebriv faqtTan hqondaT myisieri Semxebloba (112-is gamoZaxe-

baze imdenad myisierad moxda maTi mxridan reagireba da SemTxvevis adgilze misvla,

rom adgilze daxvdaT braldebuli da dazaralebuls jer kidev etyoboda drois mcire

monak veTiT adre ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis kvali yelze siwiTleebis saxiT), detalu-

rad gadmoscemen dazaralebulis fsiqo-emociur mdgomareobas, ris gamoc maTi Cvenebebi

ganxiluli unda iqnes rogorc pirdapiri mtkicebuleba~2. fsiqo-emociur mdgomareobas-

Tan erTad ganaCenSi saubaria dazaralebulis fizikur mdgomareobazec, romelsac jer

kidev mkveTrad aReniSneboda siwiTleebi, naWdevebi da is dazianebebi, romelic mogvi-

anebiT daadastura samedicino eqspertma, razec dazaralebuli, rogorc patrul-in-

speqtorebTan, ise eqspertTan saubarSi miuTiTebda, rom miyenebuli hqonda braldebu-

lis mier. aseT SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlom braldebulis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni

gamoitana.

rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, Zaladobis faqtis damdgeni ZiriTadi mtkicebulebebia

dazaralebulis Cveneba da mis mimarT Catarebuli sasamarTlo-samedicino eqspertizis

daskvna, xolo roca dazaralebuli dums da eqspertizis daskvniT ki ar dasturdeba

dazaralebulis sxeulze dazianebis arsebobis faqti, cxadia, aseT dros gamamtyunebeli

ganaCenis dadgena SeuZlebeli xdeba. 3,4,5

1 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 5 ianvris #1/4177-16 ganaCeni.

2 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 28 aprilis #1/194-17 ganaCeni.

3 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 8 seqtembris #1/2594-16 ganaCeni.

4 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 11 maisis #1/4873-16 ganaCeni.

5 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 23 agvistos #1/799-17 ganaCeni.


53

3. zogjer Zaladobis faqts hyavs Semswre pirebi (mowmeebi), Tumca isini moZaladis

ojaxis wevrebi arian da dazaralebulis msgavsad sargebloben uflebiT ar miscen sa-

samarTlos TavianTi axlo naTesavis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba. aRniSnuli saproceso garan-

tia, rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, dazaralebulis msgavsad mowmisTvisac unda iyos sasamarT-

losagan daculi da miuxedavad imisa, rom Zaladoba realurad SeiZleba ganxorcilebuli

iyos ojaxis wevrebis Tvalwin, braldebulis mamxilebeli mtkicebulebebis ararsebobis

gamo sasamarTlo ver gamoitans gamamtyunebel ganaCens. magaliTad, erT-erT saqmeze

sasamarTlom ganmarta: `sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom miuxedavad dazaralebulTa sxeulze

arsebuli dazianebebisa, im pirobebSi, rodesac dazaralebulebma uari ganacxades Cven-

ebis micemaze, sisxlis samarTlis saqmeSi ar arsebobs arcerTi utyuari pirdapiri xas-

iaTis mtkicebuleba, romlis Sinaarsidan gamomdinare SesaZlebeli iqneboda braldebu-

lis mxridan meuRleze da mcirewlovan Svilebze sityvieri an fizikuri Seuracxyofis

faqtebis dadgena (sxeulis dazianebebis mimyenebeli piris dadgena)~6 da am piris mimarT

gamoitana gamamarTlebeli ganaCeni.

4. zogjer Zaladobis faqts hyavs Semswre pirebi, Tumca isini imdenad mcirewlovnebi

arian, rom maTi dakiTxva SeuZlebeli xdeba. es sakiTxi gansakuTrebul sirTules iZens

im dros, roca braldebuls wardgenili aqvs braldeba ojaxSi ZaladobisTvis, romelic

Cadenilia arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT misive ojaxis wevris mimarT. magaliTad, qmar-

ma scema coli da am faqts Seeswro maTi erTi wlis Svili. qmari adasturebs colis cemis

faqts, Tumca uaryofs bavSvis TandaswrebiT ganxorcielebul Zaladobas da aRniSnavs,

rom bavSvs meore oTaxSi eZina. oTaxSi ki, sadac Zaladoba moxda col-qmris garda sxva

aravin imyofeboda. coli sapirispiros acxadebs da aRniSnavs, rom qmarma masze ganaxor-

ciela Zaladoba maTi mcirewlovani Svilis Tvalwin. aseT dros sasamarTlom danaSaulis

makvalificirebeli garemoebis arseboba (sskis 1261 muxlis me-2 nawilis `b~ qvepunqti)

dadasturebulad ar miiCnia da braldebuli damnaSaved iqna cnobili mxolod sskis 1261

muxlis pirveli nawiliT da ganmarta, rom vinaidan col-qmris mier ganviTarebuli urT-

ierTsawinaaRmdego versia damatebiTi mtkicebulebebiT ar iZleva romelime maTganis

utyuarad miCnevis safuZvels, eWvi unda gadawydes braldebulis sasargeblod. Zalado-

bis faqts ar hyavda sxva Semswre piri, romelic daadasturebda Zaladobis Cadenas aras-

rulwlovnis TandaswrebiT, xolo Tavad bavSvi ver daikiTxeboda asakidan gamomdinare.7

5. zogjer dazaralebulisaTvis dazianebis arsebobis faqti ar dasturdeba samed-

icino eqspertizis daskvniT, Tumca dazaralebuli acxadebs, rom masze ganxorcielda

Zaladoba, ris gamoc man ganicada fizikuri tkivili. es naTqvami SesaZloa Seesabame-

bodes kidec sinamdviles, ramdenadac aris SemTxvevebi, roca Zaladobis kvali dazara-

lebulis sxeulze ar rCeba. es SeiZleba gamowveuli iyos Zaladobis msubuqi xasiaTiT,

drois garkveuli periodis gasvliT da a.S. amdenad, dazaralebulis sxeulze dazianebis

kvalis ararseboba sulac ar niSnavs imas, rom masze Zaladoba ar ganxorcielebula da

dazaralebuli cruobs. Tumca aseT dros dRis wesrigSi dgeba dazaralebulis Cvenebis

garda sxva mtkicebulebebis arsebobis aucilebloba, radganac mxolod dazaralebulis

Cvenebis safuZvelze gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni ver iqneba miRebuli.

6. dazaralebulebi sasamarTloSi dakiTxvisas zogjer ar eridebian Cvenebis Secvlas

da acxadeben, rom dazianeba magaliTad, dacemis Sedegad miadgaT, riTac surT erTis mx-

6 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 7 Tebervlis #1/3288-16 ganaCeni.

7 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 3 oqtombris #1/3487-17 ganaCeni.


54

riv axsnan eqspertizis daskvnaSi miTiTebuli dazianebis arsebobis faqti, xolo meores

mxriv, gamoricxon braldebulis `wvlili~ am dazianebis miyenebaSi. amdenad, eqspertizis

daskvnaSi miTiTebuli dazianebis arsebobas dazaralebuli marTalia adasturebs (faqtia

da versad wauva), magram aRniSnavs, rom es dazianeba braldebuls ar miuyenebia da sx-

vagvarad miadga (waiqca, karadas miejaxa, kibeze daeca da sxva), rac iwvevs braldebulis

udanaSaulod cnobas, Tu braldebulis mxridan Zaladobis ganxorcielebis faqti sxva

samxiliT ar dasturdeba.

sasamarTlosTvis umeteswilad ucnobi rCeba, ram gadaawyvetina dazaralebuls Cven-

ebis Secvla da amgvari versiis SemoTavazeba, magram amis gamocnoba ar aris rTuli.

rogorc praqtika mowmobs, dazaralebulebs drois garkveuli periodis gasvlis Semdeg

uneldebaT brazi danaSaulis Camdenis mimarT, uCndebaT patiebis grZnoba, ebralebaT

sapatimro dawesebulebaSi myofi ojaxis wevri an ver imeteben mas patimrobisaTvis, ena-

trebaT ojaxis mcirewlovan wevrebs, aseve, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ukeTesad miaCniaT, rom

ase moiqcnen, Tuki magaliTad, qmari ojaxis erTaderTi marCenalia da mis gareSe dedas

gauWirdeba ori-sami mcirewlovani Svilis rCena, an arsebobs molodini imisa, rom mamx-

ilebeli Cvenebis micemiT braldebuli ufro metad gaRiziandeba da uares mdgomareo-

baSi aRmoCndeba dazaralebuli momavalSi moZaladis mxridan an mouwevs braldebulis

sacxovrebeli adgilis datoveba da quCaSi aRmoCndeba da sxva. magaliTad, erT-erT saq-

meze 7 wlis bavSvis dedam (romelic Tavis mxriv dazaralebulad iyo cnobili am saqmeze)

sasamarTlo sxdomaze ganacxada, rom misi braldebuli meuRlis mimarT sasamarTlo nu

gamoiyenebda sapatimro sasjels, radgan marto darCenils gauWirdeboda Svilebis rCena

(aRsaniSnavia, rom braldebuli iyo umuSevari da Semosavlis armqone). Tavad bavSvze ki

ganxorcielebuli iyo mamis mxridan daundobeli xasiaTis Zaladoba xelebis, fexebisa da

qamris gamoyenebiT. bunebrivia, amgvari poziciebiT sasamarTlo SezRuduli ar aris da

am SemTxvevaSic gamoyenebul iqna sapatimro sasjeli. sasamarTlom dedis amgvar pozi-

cias SemaSfoTebeli uwoda da ganaCenSi ganmarta: mcirewlovani bavSvis dedisTvis aseTi

uCveulo da upasuxismgeblo poziciis miuxedavad, saxelmwifos valdebulebaa imoqmedos

bavSvis saukeTeso interesebidan gamomdinare da ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis daundobe-

li da sistematuri xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, aseve Zaladobis im masStaburobis gaTval-

iswinebiT, romelic aRwerilia samedicino eqspertizis daskvnaSi da braldebulis mxri-

dan momdinare riskebisa da safrTxeebis mxedvelobaSi miRebiT, mis mimarT arasapatimro

sasjelis gamoyeneba sruliad mizanSeuwonelia~.8

7. ojaxSi Zaladobis danaSaulis konstruqcia imgvaria, rom igi savaldebulod iTx-

ovs dazaralebulis mxridan imis garkvevas, ganicada Tu ara man fizikuri tkivili an

tanjva, rac zogjer arasworad aris gagebuli da miiCneva, rom fizikuri tkivili an tan-

jva dazaralebulis mxridan gakeTebuli Sefasebis mixedviT unda dadgindes da emyare-

bodes e.w. subieqtur tests, anu dazaralebulis subieqtur Sefasebas imis Taobaze, rom

man ganicada fizikuri tkivili an tanjva, rac yovel konkretul SemTxvevaSi marTebu-

lad ar unda CaiTvalos da Sefaseba unda moxdes aseve e.w. obieqturi testiTac, anu imis

dadgeniT, mocemul konkretul SemTxvevaSi piri obieqturad ganicdida Tu ara fizikur

tkivils an tanjvas. magaliTad, Tu sakmarisi mtkicebulebebiT utyuarad dasturde-

ba, rom dazaralebuls gametebiT urtyes xelebi da fexebi saxis areSi, magram dazara-

lebuli sasamarTlo sxdomaze mainc ganacxadebs, rom ar ganucdia fizikuri tkivili,

sasamarTlo ar unda SeizRudos dazaralebulis ganmartebiT da Tavad unda Seafasos,

mocemul SemTxvevaSi ganxorcielebuli Zaladoba Tavisi xasiaTiTa da masStaburobiT

8 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 27 seqtembris #1/3455-17 ganaCeni.


55

obieqturad gamoiwvevda Tu ara fizikur tkivils.

am mxriv sruliad marTebulia mosamarTlis msjeloba erT-erT saqmeze, sadac bral-

debulis mimarT gamoitana gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni imis miuxedavad, rom dazaralebulma

uari ganacxada braldebuli meuRlis winaaRmdeg Cvenebis micemaze. sasamarTlom aRniSna:

`marTalia, sasamarTlo sxdomaze dazaralebuls gancdil fizikur tkivilTan dakavSire-

biT ar usaubria (vinaidan isargebla uflebiT ar mieca meuRlis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba,

SeniSvna: b.k), magram sasamarTlos miaCnia, rom mxolod misi subieqturi aRqma ar SeiZleba

iyos danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ganmsazRvreli magaliTad: 10-12 Tvis bavSvis mimarT (an im

bavSvis mimarT, romelsac asakidan gamomdinare jer ar SeuZlia saubari) ganxorcielebu-

li fizikuri Zaladoba aris Tu ara fizikuri tkivilis gamomwvevi, sasamarTlos azriT,

unda Sefasdes aramarto subieqturi, aramed obieqturi kriteriumebis gaTvaliswinebi-

Tac, winaaRmdeg SemTxvevaSi gamodis, rom fizikuri tkivilis miyenebis faqtis dadgena

nebismier SemTxvevaSi obieqturad SeuZlebelia rameTu am asakis bavSvebis absoluturi

umravlesoba verbalurad ver gamoTqvams emociebsa da grZnobebs~9.

amdenad, mxolod dazaralebulis subieqtur aRqmaze dayrdnobiT iarsebebs real-

uri saSiSroeba araswori da mcdari sasamarTlo gadawyvetilebebis miRebisa da saqmis

Sedegis gaumarTlebeli damokidebulebisa dazaralebulis subieqtur poziciebze. mag-

aliTad, Tu Zaladobas Tavisi xasiaTiTa da intensivobiT ar SeuZlia fizikuri tkivilis

gamowveva (mag. sayeloSi xelis Cavleba da moqaCva), magram dazaralebuli ganacxadebs,

rom ganicada Zlieri fizikuri tkivili, es ar unda gaxdes imis safuZveli, rom miviCnioT

Zaladoba Cadenilad, ramac gamoiwvia fizikuri tkivili.

obieqturi Sefasebis aucilebloba yovelTvis ar gamoricxavs subieqturi Sefasebis

saWiroebas da ufro metic, zogierT SemTxvevaSi dazaralebulis subieqturi Sefasebis

gareSe viTarebis sworad Sefaseba warmoudgenelic iqneba. magaliTad, imgvari Zaladobis

dros, romelic Tavisi xasiaTiT rig SemTxvevaSi gamoiwvevda fizikur tkivils, xolo rig

SemTxvevaSi _ ara, dazaralebulis poziciis garkveva SeiZenda gadamwyvet mniSvnelobas,

magaliTad, xelebis gadagrexva, mklavze xelis moWera da sxva dazaralebulis poziciis

garkvevis gareSe SeuZlebels gaxdida obieqturi gadawyvetilebis miRebas.

8. rogorc praqtika mowmobs, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplebi daxmarebisTvis aravis

mimarTaven manamde, sanam mdgomareoba ukiduresad ar garTuldeba da samarTaldamcave-

bis Careva maTTvis sicocxlis gadarCenisa da janmrTelobis dazianebisagan dacvis er-

TaderTi gza ar aRmoCndeba. am kondiciamde misvlas ki xSirad xels uwyobs sxvadasxva

faqtori, maT Soris zogjer megobrebisa da ojaxis wevrebis `rCevebi~, romlebic zewo-

las axdenen msxverplis Tavisufal nebaze, Tumca SesaZloa umoqmedoba msxverplis sa-

kuTari arCevanic iyos. maT problemis seriozulobis arasaTanado aRqmis gamo uxdebaT

konfliqtur situaciaSi cxovreba da TiTqosda sakuTari nebiT uars amboben gaeridon

Zaladobriv garemos, rasac mogvianebiT nanoben da aRniSnaven, rom `moTminebam Sedegi

ver gamoiRo~, da roca maT usafrTxoebas eqmneba ganmeorebiTi da intensivobiT ufro

maRali xarisxis safrTxe, iZulebulni xdebian ukve Riad ganacxadon amis Taobaze da

wlebis manZilze dagrovili saTqmeli erTjeradad gadmoscen.

aseT dros xSiria SemTxvevebi, roca Zaladobis sistematurobis dadgena (roca bral-

debuls wardgenili aqvs braldeba sistematuri SeuracxyofisTvis, damcirebisTvis an

SantaJisTvis) emyareba mxolod dazaralebulis Cvenebas, romelic aRniSnavs, rom Tanacx-

ovrebis periodSi xSirad hqonia adgili fizikur an fsiqikur Zaladobas, Tumca amis

Sesaxeb arsad ganucxadebia, radgan fiqrobda, rom igi momavalSi aRar ganmeordeboda,

9 ix. Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos 2017 wlis 17 maisis #1/2317-16 ganaCeni.


56

an moZalade debda pirobas, rom msgavs saqciels aRar Caidenda, an msxverpls ar undoda

ojaxis dangreva da a.S. mxolod amgvari Cvenebis safuZvelze Zaladobis sistematurobis

dadgena swori ar iqneba, Tu amis paralelurad ar moipoveba sxva mtkicebuleba, rome-

lic dazaralebulis naTqvams daadasturebda, magaliTad, ojaxis sxva wevris mxridan

an megobrebisgan, mezoblebisgan, naTesavebisgan am faqtebis dadastureba an Tundac

Semakavebeli an damcavi orderebis an ganaCenis arseboba, sadac miTiTebuli iqneba wina

Zaladobrivi faqtebis Sesaxeb.

amdenad, erTis mxriv, Tavad danaSaulis xasiaTi, rom igi umeteswilad sxvaTagan

SeumCnevlad Caidineba, xolo meores mxriv, dazaralebulTa da mowmeTa saproceso Ses-

aZlobloba, ar miscen TavianTi axlo naTesavis sawinaaRmdego Cveneba, ganapirobebs am

danaSaulis specifikurobas da sasamarTloSi misi ganxilvis sirTules, rac rig SemTx-

vevaSi iwvevs Zaladobis, rogorc ukiduresad miuRebuli, antisocialuri qcevis dau-

dastureblobas da misi Camdeni piris msjavrdebis SeuZloblobas.

57

ojaxSi Zaladoba da msxverplis fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis aspeqtebi

lela metreveli

Tbilisis saapelacio sasamarTlos mosamarTlis TanaSemwe,

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis universitetis doqtoranti

ojaxSi Zaladobis Tema xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi mraval qveyanaSi tabuire-

buli iyo, radgan msgavsi sakiTxebis saaSkaraoze gamotana adamianebis pirad cxovre-

baSi Carevad ganixileboda. Tumca, sazogadoebaSi TandaTan mkvidrdeboda azri, rom

gaumarTlebelia ojaxSi Zaladobis problemis ignorireba, masze Tvalis daxuWva, radgan

Zaladoba saSiSroebas uqmnis adamianebis usafrTxoebas, maT janmrTelobasa da sicocx-

les. is iseTive danaSauli da sazogadoebrivi saSiSroebis Semcveli safrTxea, rogoric

Zaladoba ojaxis gareT. amasTan, ojaxSi Zaladoba mxolod konkretuli ojaxis calkeu-

li wevrebis problema ar aris, aseTi konfliqtebi negatiurad moqmedebs ojaxis sxva

wevrebze, gansakuTrebiT arasrulwlovan pirebze, iwvevs maTi fsiqikisa da cnobierebis

damaxinjebas. rac zogadad sazogadoebaSi arajansaRi situaciis Camoyalibebas ganap-

irobebs. qalTa mimarT Zaladobis problemis gasaanalizeblad da prevenciuli mimar-

Tulebebis dasagegmad aucilebelia misi gamomwvevi mizezebisa da faqtorebis gamovlena.

qalTa mimarT Zaladobis gamomwvevi mizezebis dasadgenad saWiroa kvleva ganxorciel-

des ori mimarTulebiT: a) im maxasiaTeblebis Seswavla, romelic gavlenas axdens damna-

Savis qcevaze da b) am danaSaulis mimarT qalTa mowyvladoba. umeteswilad, mamakacebi

gvevlinebian agresoris rolSi, maSin rodesac dazaralebuli qalebi Zaladobas dumil-

iT pasuxoben.1

ojaxSi Zaladoba _ Zaladobis yvela sxva saxisgan imiT gansaxvavdeba, rom is erTma-

neTTan axlo urTierTobaSi myof adamianebs Soris xorcieldeba. marTalia, Zaladobis

nebismier SemTxvevaSi msxverpli tramvirebulia, magram ojaxSi ganxorcielebuli Zal-

adobisas tramvirebulobis xarisxi metia, radgan am SemTxvevaSi moZaladisTvis msxver-

pli mudmivad misawvdomia da mas SeuZlia nebismier dros ganaxorcielos ganmeorebiT

Tavdasxma.

qalebis mimarT ganxorcielebul Zaladobis Seswavlisas da Zaladobis msxverplTa

daxmarebis programebze muSaobisas 1970 wlidan araerTxel ganxilula mamakacTa mimarT

sastiki mopyrobis sakiTxebic. am saubrebs saTave daudo kvlevebma, romlebidanac cal-

saxad Cans, rom qalebi ara Tu naklebad, aramed ufro metadac ki Zaladoben mamakacebze.2

am kvlevaTa Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, cdilobdnen gaebaTilebinaT warmodgena, rom wyv-

ilTa Soris urTierTobebSi msxverplis poziciaSi mxolod qalebi imyofebian. amgvarma

daskvnam didi kritika gamoiwvia. gansakuTrebiT imitom, rom masSi qalebisa da mamakace-

bis mxridan Zaladoba erT sibrtyeSi iyo ganxiluli. Zaladobis ganxorcielebisas qalTa

motivebi mniSvnelovnad gansxvavdeba kacTa motivebisgan. aseve, gansxvavebulia Zalado-

1 CRowell N. A., BuRbess A. W., UndeRstandinb Violence Abainst Women, National ReseaRch Council, Division of BehavioRal and Social Sciences and Education, Commission on BehavioRal and Social Sciences and Education, Committee on Law and Jus-tice, Panel on ReseaRch on Violence Abainst Women, NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS, Washinbton, D.C. 1996, P. 49.

2 Steinmetz 1978, referireba _ Mann 1996; Belles, Steinmetz 1980, referireba _ Mann 1996; Belles 1997


58

bis Sedegebic. qalTa umetesoba imitom Zaladobs, rom didi xnis ganmavlobaSi Tavad iyo

qmrisa da partnioris mxridan sastiki mopyrobis msxverpli. xSirad qalebi Tavdacvis

mizniT Zaladoben.3 qmarze Zalauflebis mosapoveblad Zalmomreobas sistematurad mx-

olod qalTa mcire nawili mimarTavs _ amisaTvis saWiro fizikuri Zala cota qals Tu

aqvs. Tanac, mamakacTa Zaladobisgan gansaxvavebiT, qalebis mxridan Zaladoba arc erT

kulturaSi ar aris mowonebuli da qalebs arc Zalis gamoyenebis gamocdileba aqvT.4

Zaladoba ar cnobs ganviTarebul da ganviTarebad qveynebs, arc socialur warmo-

mavlobas. es problema yvela qveyanaSi arsebobs. sagulisxmoa, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis

sakiTxebi CvenTvisac aqtualuri gaxda, vinaidan imata raodenobrivma maCveneblebma. zo-

gadad, iTvleba, rom narkotikebis momxmarebelTa, asocialuri qcevis, darRveuli da an

konfliqturi ojaxebi, martoxela mSoblis ojaxebi, siRatakis zRvarze myofi, mravalS-

viliani, cxovrebis kriminaluri wesis mqone mSobelTa ojaxebi gacilebiT met risks

warmoadgenen Zaladobis gamovlenis kuTxiT.

Zaladobrivi qmedebebis ganmeorebiTobis albaToba imazea damokidebuli ramdenad

adekvaturi reagireba moyveba moZaladis saqciels. Tuki mamakacma Cadenilis gamo pa-

suxismgebloba ver igrZno, an Tu mis qmedebas seriozuli Sedegebi ar moyva da man momx-

daridan saTanado daskvnebi ver gamoitana da albaToba imisa, rom man kvalv Caidinos

danaSuli Sansi didia.

ojaxSi Zaladobis ganmeorebadoba dakavSirebulia sazogadoebis stigmatizaciis SiS-

Tan. es fsiqologiuri faqtoricaa, magram mxolod fsoqologebsac ar exeba es sakiTxi,

radgan ojaxebis umravlesobas qalebi didi Zalisxmevis Sedegad inarCuneben. eSiniaT

ojaxis dangrevis, marto yofnis, amasTan eSiniaT sakuTar problemebze xmamaRla sau-

bris.

mogexsenebaT, rom Zaladobis process axasiaTebs garkveuli cikluri fazebi: aris

`daZabvis periodi~, romelsac Semdgom afeTqeba mohyveba, aris e.w `Taflobis periodi’’,

rodesac moZalade yvelanairad cdilobs msxverplis Semorigebas da aRwevs kidec mi-

zans. Semdeg isev iwyeba daZabuloba, isev afeTqeba a.S, rac Seexeba rolebis cvlas, es

metad individualuria da damokidebulia msxverplis SesaZleblobebze, mis pirovnul

maxasiaTeblebze. adamiani romelic wlebis ganmavlobaSi ganicdis Zaladobas, misi fsiqi-

ka ziandeba. mas dabali TviTSefaseba uyalibdeba da mudmivad Tavs idanaSaulebs. qalebs,

romelTac dabali TviTSefaseba aqvT isini Zalian didxans itanen Zaladobas da Seura-

cxyofas, radgan miaCniaT, rom yvelaferi rac xdeba maT ojaxSi, ase unda xdebodes. amas

Tan erTvis is faqtoric, rom aravis umxelen sakuTar gasaWirs da daxmarebas mxolod

ukidures SemTxvevaSi iTxoven, roca faqtobrivad, fsiqika Seryeuli aqvT.

mogexsenebaT, rom xangrZlivi ojaxuri Zaladoba fsiqikur daavadebebs iwvevs, amas

adasturebs yvela eqsperti, amitom programebSi unda gaviTvaliswinoT sagangebo dax-

mareba. pirvelad ojaxSi Zaladobis Sesaxeb kanoni miRebul iqna amerikaSi kerZod, mine-

sotas StatSi.

Zaladoba aRiarebulia mizanmimarTul qmedebad, rodesac moZalade Tavisi moTxov-

nilebebis realizebas axdens Tavisi umaRlesi Zalauflebis demonstrirebaSi msxverplis

mimarT. moZalade iswrafvis, daamyaros da SeinarCunos Zalaufleba msxverplze da hya-

vdes igi kontrolis qveS fizikuri Zalis, muqarisa da fsiqologiuri zewolis daxmare-

biT.5

3 olusi n. `ra aris Zaladoba sqesobrivi niSnis mixedviT’’, xma mdumareTa, gamomcemloba `petiti’’ 2011 w.

gv. 334;

4 iqve, gv.334.

5 Adams, D.1998. `TReatment Models of men Who BatteR: A PRofeminist Analysis’’ In K.YIIo &M.BobRad (eds) Feminist PeRspectives on WIfe Abuse.NewbuRy PaRk,pp.176-199.

ojaxSi Zaladoba da msxverplis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi lelametreveli

59

Zaladoba xSirad gacnobierebuli qmedebaa, romelic viTarebaze kontrolis mopove-

bisken aris mimarTuli. amave dros, igi mosalodneli safrTxis gardauvalobis gacnobi-

erebis gamoxatulebacaa. unda aRiniSnos isic, rom Zaladoba gansakuTrebiT moqmedebs

cxovrebisadmi qalis damokidebulebaze, mis Sexedulebaze, Semfaseblur orientaciaze

da sabolood, mis bedze. qalebs, romlebsac ganicades fizikuri an sxvagvari Zaladoba

uWirT mamakacebTan ndobiT aRWurvili urTierToba.

maSinac ki roca mamakaci moZaladis Tvisebebs avlens, qali ar kargavs imeds, rom

yvelaferi gamoswordeba da misi meuRle isev iseTi gaxdeba, rogoric uwin iyo. garda

amisa, arsebobs Svilebis faqtoric, rom jobia bavSvebi mamasTan da dedasTan gaizard-

on. amasTan, gasaTvaliswinebelia religiuri faqtorebic da garSemomyofTa ganwyobac.

dasaxelebuli mizezebidan gamomdinare, gasagebia Tu ratom uWirT qalebs moZalade

qmrebis mitoveba.

Zaladoba danaSaulia da is vinc Zaladobs, pasuxismgebelia Tavis saqcielze, miuxe-

davad imisa, rom aris Tu ara misi qmedebebi provocirebuli. ar SeiZleba, nacem adamians

davakisroT pasuxismgebloba masze ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis gamo.

qalze moZalade mamakacma, sulis siRmeSi kargad icis, rom aseTi saqcieli Tavad

masze moqmedebs damRupvelad. es ki sruli marcxia, romlisgan Tavis daRwevac mxolod

Zlieri damcavi fsiqologiuri meqanizmebis wyalobiTaa SesaZlebeli. momxdaris gamo,

pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan asacileblad, moZalade aTasnair xerxs mimarTavs _ mexsiere-

bidan Slis da uaryofs Tavis saqciels, iTxovs patiebas. es yvelaferi ki swored imaze

metyvelebs, rom mamakacs Cvengan sulac ar eswavleba, ramdenad damangrevelia misi

saqcieli. Tumca, is ki aucileblad unda avuxsnaT mas, eZebos agrsiulis alternatiuli

qcevis formebi. swori daxmarebis miRebis Semdeg, Zaladobisken midrekil mamakacebs,

Cveulebriv SeswevT sakuTari saqcielis Secvlis unari.6

fsiqodinamiuri Teoriis Tanaxmad, ojaxuri Zaladoba fsiqodinamiuri TavdacviTi

procesis Sedegia. moZalade deda, mama da meuRle TviTonac gamxadaran bavSvobaSi Zal-

adobis msxverpli da mSoblebis mxridan araskmarisi mzrunveloba aqvT gancdili, rac

warmoqmnis maTSi partniorisadmi undoblobas. moZaladeebis sakuTari ojaxis wevrebi-

sgan iTxoven im mzrunvelobas, yuradRebas da pativiscemas, rac maT bavSvobaSi daakl-

daT. 7

mocemuli Teoriis kritika mdgomareobs imaSi, rom igi yuradRebas ar aqcevs dazara-

lebuls, ojaxis ekonomikur da socialur mdgomareobas da mxolod damnaSave moZaladis

pirovnebiT Semoifargleba, rac amcirebs Teoriis gavrcelebis areals.8

socialuri swavlebis da interaqciis Teoriis mixedviT, ojaxuri Zaladoba aris Se-

degi im fsiqo-socialuri interaqciis procesis, romelic ojaxSi da mis garSemo mimdin-

areobs. interaqcia gagebulia, rogorc kauzaluri (erTi qmedeba iwvevs meores) procesi.

aRniSnuli Teoriis Tanaxmad, bavSvebi, romlebic TviTon gaxdnen ojaxuri Zaladobis

msxverplni, an uyurebdnen sakuTar dedmamiSvilze ganxorcielebul an mSoblebis erT-

maneTze Zaladobas, mometebuli riskis qveS imyofebian, rom maTac, rogorc mSoblebma,

Caidinon Zaladoba.9

moZaladesa da msxverpls Soris axlo urTierTobebis arseboba arTulebs qalis Tav-

dacviT SesaZleblobebs. urTierTobis simyaris gamo qals uZneldeba moZaladesTan daS-

oreba. mas SeiZleba moZaladisgan Svilebi hyavdes, imedi hqondes rom is Seicvleba; qali

SesaZloa finansurad iyos damokidebuli moZaladeze an sxva mizezebis gamo ambobdes

6 eliasoni p. e. _ statia; mamakaci, qali da Zaladoba , xma mdumareTa, gamomcemloba `petiti’’ 2011 w. gv. 358.

7 SalikaSvili m. _ Zaladobis kriminologia, gamomcemloba `meridiani’’ Tbilisi, 2012w. gv.98.

8 iqve, gv.98.

9 iqve, gv.99-100.


60

uars masTan urTierTobis gawyvetaze.

moZaladesa da msxverpls Soris axlo urTierTobebis arseboba SeiZleba gavlenas

axdendes Zaladobis aRqmasa da gagebaze sazogadoebisa da moZaladis mxridan.

ojaxSi Zaladoba sazogadoebis mier xSirad aRiqmeba, rogorc wyvilis ojaxis pira-

di saqme. zogierT kulturebSi socialuri normebiT gamarTlebulia qmris mier Zalis

gamoyeneba colis mimarT. samarTaldamcavebsac ki SeiZleba ar hqondeT mZafri reaqcia

gancxadebebze ojaxuri Zaladobis Sesaxeb da amgvari gancxadeba wvrilman ojaxur kon-

fliqtad miiCnion da ara kanonis seriozul darRvevad. 10

sazogadoebaTa umetesobaSi qalebisTvis Zalaufleba ufro miuwvdomelia, vidre ma-

makacebisTvis. kvlevis Tanaxmad, qalis daqvemdebarebuli roli, romelsac is sazoga-

doebriv da pirad cxovrebaSi asrulebs, ojaxSi Zaladobis wyaroa. Zalis gamoyeneba

meore adamianze Zalauflebisa da kontrolis mosapoveblad, sazogadoebaSi qalis daqve-

mdebarebuli rolis Sesaxeb damkvidrebuli Sexedulebis gamovlinebas warmoadgens.

moZaladeebi ara mxolod swavloben sastik mopyrobas, aramed imasac igeben, rom amg-

vari qceva dasaSvebia da ufro metic, _ maTgan rogorc mamakacebisgan mosalodnelic.

moZaladeebi iTviseben im Sexedulebebs, romlebic mis kulturul normebSi miRebu-

li da gavrcelebulia. imisaTvis, rom sasurvels miaRwios, mas Zalis gamoyenebis ufleba

aqvs, mas Tavis partnioris kontrolirebis ufleba aqvs. am codnas isini arsebuli kul-

turuli normebidan da sxva adamianebze dakvirvebidan iZenen. maTi codna da Sexedule-

bebi ufro myardeba, roca maTi sastiki qceva sazogadoebis mier dausjeli rCeba. 11

xSirad Cndeba kiTxva, ratom ar toveben Zaladobis atmosferoSi mcxovrebi qalebi

TavianT partniorebs. amis pasuxad zogi ambobs, rom qalebi mazoxisturi midrekile-

bebiT gamoirCevian da maTze ganxorcielebuli ZaladobiT tkbebian. zogi amtkicebs, rom

isini fsiqikurad gauwonasworeblebi arian da amitomac ar SeswevT wasvlis Zala. sinam-

dvileSi, moZalade partniorebTan qalTa darCenis mizezi bevrad rTulia. Sesabamisad,

umjobesi iqneboda, kiTxva ase dagvesva: `ra mizezebi uSlis xels qals wasvlaSi.~ erT-

erT mizezs qalis mamakacze ekonomikuri damokidebuleba warmoadgens. Tuki qals aqvs

ganaTlebis dabali done, misi damkvidreba sazogadoebaSi martivi ar aris. amasTan, Tu

wlebis ganmavlobaSi ar muSaobda da mxolod saojaxo saqmianobiT iyo dakavebuli damok-

idebuli xdeba meuRlis Semosavalze. moTminebam, morCilebam, mudmivma Seuracxyofam da

damcirebam sruliad waarTves qmris gareSe cxovrebis unari. bevr qals zedmetad aqvs

gamZafrebuli qmarze emociuri damokidebuleba, radgan qmarTan urTierTobas dadebiTi

mxarec aqvs. bevri qali urTierTobas imitom inarCunebs, rom ganqorwinebis SemTxvevaSi

socialur statuss dakargavs da samarcxvino daRi daesmeba. 12

sazogadoebisTvis xSirad gaugebaria ratom ar cdiloben ojaxSi Zaladobis msxver-

pli qalebi moZaladesTan urTierTobis gawyvetas. msxverplis amgvari saqcieli aixsne-

ba e.w. `msxverplis sindromiT’’. misi arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Tu adamiani erTxel

daijerebs Tavis umweobas, es Sexeduleba situaciis mTel mis aRqmaze vrceldeba da

Sedegad, adamiani umweo, pasiuri xdeba. `msxverplis~ sindromis mqone adamianis qceva

ganisazRvreba situaciis Secvlis sakuTari SesaZleblobebis uaryofiTi aRqmiT da ara

realurad arsebuli situaciiT.

msxverplis sindromis mqone adamianebisTvis damaxasiaTebelia:

pasiuroba _ pasiurobas avlens maSinac ki, roca SeuZlia meti aqtiuroba gamoiCinos;

rwmenis dakargva _ ar sjera, rom sakuTari ZalisxmeviT situaciis Secvla SeuZlia;

10 TavarTqilaZe e. satreningo masala ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave prokurorebisTvis 2017w.

(ojaxSi Zaladobis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi)

11 iqve, gv.3.

12 Johnson, Holly (1996). Dangerous domains. Violence againts women in Canada. Toronto: Nelson Canada.


61

SemecnebiTi unarebis SezRudva _ ver xedavs situaciidan gamosavlis gzebs da ver

gegmavs Sesabamis nabijebs;

moZaladisgan gaqcevis SeuZleblobis gancda _ Tvlis, rom moZalade `yovlisSem-

Zlea~, romelic mas yvelgan ipovis.

sakuTari SesaZleblobebis mimarT `sibrmave’~ _ ver xedavs sakuTar TavSi `Zlier mxa-

reebs~.

`beds mindoba’’ _ Tvlis, rom Zaladobis situaciaSi cxovreba misi xvedria, romelsac

versad wauva.

mocemulma movlenam Tavisi saxelwodeba miiRo realur faqtTan dakavSirebiT, rome-

lic 1973 wlis 23 agvistos moxda da stokholmis sindromiT aris cnobili. stokholmis

sindromi _ es aris simpaTiisa da mizidulobis paradoqsaluri reaqcia, romelic msxver-

pls agresoris mimarT axasiaTebs. stokholmis sindromi Cndeba Semdeg garemoebebSi:

Sepyrobis situaciis eqstremaluroba. ucabedi gadasvla Tavisuflebidan araTa-

visuflebaSi.

mZevlad yofnis xangrZlivoba, rac ufro xangrZlivia, miT ufro emorCileba mis

nebas.

fsiqologiuri dacvis meqanizmebis amoqmedeba.

sindromis gaCenis winapirobebia:

arsebobs dazaralebulis sicocxlis safrTxe.

dazaralebuls saSualeba ar aqvs, rom airidos safrTxe an is darwmunebulia, rom

saSualeba ar aqvs.

fsiqologiuri gaucxoeba (izolacia sxva adamianebisgan).

moZalade keTilganwyobas avlens Tavisi msxverplis mimarT.

moZaladesTan qalis Tanacxovrebis mizezs Zalian bevri faqtori ganapirobebs, ro-

goricaa bavSvobaSi Zaladobis gamocdileba, anu iseT ojaxSi izrdeboda sadac Zaladoba

Cveulebrivi ram iyo; ojaxis Rirsebis dacva _ ar surs ojaxis ambebis gamomzeureba;

ekonomikuri damokidebuleba _ ar muSaobs an mcire Semosavali aqvs. moZaladis mimarT

emociuri damokidebuleba, anu Tvlis, rom isev uyvars. moZaladis gamosworebis imedi,

SiSi imisa, rom mas daadanaSauleben Zaladobis provocirebaSi, religiuri mizezebi da

informaciis arqona arsebuli sistemebis Sesaxeb, romlebsac misi dacva SeuZlia. 13

ojaxSi Zaladoba or subieqts Soris _ moZaladisa da msxverplis Zaladobrivi urT-

ierTobaa. samarTaldamcveli organoebi, fsiqologebi da dacvis organizaciebi yuradRe-

bas amaxvileben msxverplis dacvaze, mis reabilitaciasa da msgavs sakiTxebze. rac Seex-

eba moZalades, misi gancdebi da samarTlebriv _ fsiqologiuri mdgomareoba SedarebiT

uyuradRebodaa darCenili. am xnis ganmavlobaSi SemuSavda moZaladeTa reabilitaciis

koncefcia, romlis mizania moZaladis qcevis Secvlisa da koreqciis gziT xeli Seuwyos

ojaxuri Rirebulebebis, aseve ojaxis wevrTa uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis dacvas, maT

fizikur, fsiqologiur, ekonomikur Tu seqsualur xelSeuxeblobas, Zaladobisgan Tav-

isufal cxovrebas. koncefciiT gaziarebuli midgomiT, ojaxSi Zaladoba miuRebelia da

moZaladeebi pasuxs ageben TavianT qmedebebze; maT sareabilitacio programebSi mTavari

yuradReba unda gamaxvildes ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa usafrTxoebis dacvaze, risi

miRwevac SesaZlebelia Zaladobrivi qcevis SecvliT da amgvar qcevebze pasuxismgeblo-

bis aRiarebiT. 14

13 TavarTqilaZe e.satreningo masala ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze momuSave prokurorebisTvis (2017)

(ojaxSi Zaladobis fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi)

14 qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolisa da prevenciis evropis sabWos

konvenciis analizi Tbilisi 2016w, gv.21.


62

moZaladesTan dakavSirebuli samarTlebrivi Tu fsiqologiuri aspeqtebi gansakuTre-

biT aqtualuria bolo wlebSi gamovlenili uamravi Zaladobis faqtis fonze. aqedan ga-

momdinare, ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad erT-erTi qmediTi meqanizmi unda gaxdes

moZaladeTa fsiqologiuri mdgomareobis Seswavla, maTi cnobierebis amaRleba da sxva

prevenciuli zomebis gamoyeneba.

saqarTveloSi realurad arsebobs yvela is berketi, rom msxverplis uflebebi iqnes

daculi, magram dReis mdgomareobiT sazogadoebis cnobiereba, ar dgas im safexurze,

rom msxverplma gadadgas nabiji da sazogadoebas sTxovos daxmareba. amisaTvis aucileb-

el pirobas warmoadgens, pirvel rigSi, Tavad sazogadoebisTvis swori informaciis mi-

wodeba Zaladobis Sesaxeb. TiToeuli adamianis mxridan unda moxdes moraluri Tanad-

goma. unda moxdes gacnobiereba imisa, rom vebrZoloT ojaxSi Zaladobis mizezs da ara

Sedegs.

`qalTa mimarT Zaladobis an/da ojaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, Zaladobis msxverplTa

dacvisa da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~ saqarTvelos kanonSi detaluradaa gawerili ojaxSi Zal-

adobisas policiis muSakTa swrafi reagirebis instrumentebi, rogoricaa Semakavebeli

orderis gamocema, msxverplis an/da moZaladis garideba SemTxvevis adgilidan, saWiroe-

bisas msxverplis TavSesafarSi gadayvana da ganTavseba. 15

aRsaniSnavia, rom xSiria SemTxvevebi, rodesac msxverpli solidarobas ucxadebs mo-

Zalades da Zaladobis faqtis gamo ojaxSi misuli policiis TanamSromlebi msxverplis

mxridan winaaRmdegobas awydebian. vinaidan msxverpls ar surs moZaladis mimarT dadges

sisxlissamarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis sakiTxi. aqve sagulisxmoa is garemoebac, rom

msxverpli moZaladesTan kompleqsur urTierTobaSia, rogorircaa ekonomikuri, so-

cialuri, emociuri faqtori. amasTan, msxverpli fiqrobs, rom ar dauSvas samarTal-

damcvelebis Careva ojaxur konfliqtSi.

unda aRiniSnos is faqtori, rom msxverplebs xSirad akritikeben imis gamo, rom

isini ar toveben moZalades. Tumca, amgvari Sefasebis avtorebs gacnobierebuli ara

aqvT, rom am SemTxvevaSi msxverplis pasiuroba Zaladobis Sedegi ufroa, vidre mizezi.

moZaladisadmi SiSi ojaxSi Zaladobis jaWvis Semadgeneli erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi

komponentia. am SiSs Tavisi safuZvlebi gaaCnia. urTierTobis gawyvetis Sesaxeb msxver-

plis mxridan mcire qaragmac ki sakmarisia imisaTvis, rom moZaladem es aRiqvas, rogorc

Zalauflebis dakargvis safrTxe, rac, SeiZleba ufro meti Zaladobis mizezi gaxdes.

cnobilia agreTve, rom ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpls uviTardeba e.w. `mZevlis sin-

dromi~, rac niSnavs dazaralebulis mxridan moZaladisadmi solidarobis gamocxadebas.

am sindromis warmoSobas xels uwyobs:

a) xangrZlivi seriozuli safrTxe, romelic emuqreba msxverplis janmrTelobas an

sicocxles;

b) moZaladis xelSi yofnisa da gaqcevis Sansis ararsebobis grZnoba;

g) Zaladobis msxverplis rwmena imisa, rom moZalade afasebs mis qcevas, ajildovebs

mas `kargi~ saqcielisTvis da sjis `cudi~ saqcielisTvis. amgvari mdgomareoba iwvevs

Zaladobis msxverplis yuradRebis srul koncentrirebas kiTxvaze ra saxis saqcieli

akmayofilebs yvelaze metad moZalades. ukeTesi Sefasebis miRebis mizniT, msxverpli

cdilobs Tavisi Tavi warmoidginos moZaladis adgilas amoicnos misi survilebi, fiqre-

bi da azrebi. yovelive amas, sabolood, mivyavarT moZaladisadmi solidarobis gamocxa-

debamde.

ganaTlebis dabali done gulisxmobs imas, rom, miuxedavad Sesabamisi kanonmdeblo-

15 gaverTiandeT ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad da qalebisa da gogonebis gasaZliereblad saqarTvelos

ukeTesi momavlisaTvis, sakanonmdeblo analizi, q. Tbilisi, 2016 weli gv.49,


63

bis arsebobisa, qalebs Zalian mwiri informacia aqvT TavianTi uflebebis Sesaxeb. imis

Sesaxeb, rom arsebobs kanoni, romelic icavs maT.16 amasTanave, Zaladobis mizezebze ms-

jelobisas ar unda dagvaviwydes, ras moiazrebs ojaxis instituti saqarTveloSi. misi

ìdealuri tipi~ moiazrebs urTierTgagebas, ndobas, pativiscemas da rac mTavaria, ga-

saidumloebas imisa, rac ojaxis farglebSi xdeba, iqneba es dapirispireba, Zaladoba Tu

sxva ram, rac ojaxis pativsacem saxels Selaxvis safrTxes uqmnis. es ojaxis wevrebs,

gansakuTrebiT qalebs, romelTac gamorCeulad moeTxovebaT ojaxur harmoniaze zrunva,

aiZulebs, rom informacia Zaladobis Sesaxeb, iqneba es, fizikuri, seqsualuri, ekonomi-

kuri Tu fsiqologiuri, saidumlod Seinaxon da Tavadve scadon problemasTan gamklave-

ba, samarTaldamcavi an socialuri organoebis daxmarebis gareSe.

ojaxSi Zaladobis gamomwvevi erT-erTi faqtori, SesaZloa iyos araswori aRzr-

dac. ojaxuri konfliqtebi da Zaladoba, uaryofiTad moqmedebs, rogorc vaJebze, ise

gogonebze. amaze metyvelebs, swavlebis Teoriis analizic. swavlebis Teoria gulisxmobs

cnobier da aracnobier dakvirvebas da amis Sedegad swavlas. ojaxuri Zaladobisas, Tu

qaliSvili xedavs, rom mama sistematiurad Zaladobs dedaze, igi swavlobs dazaralebu-

lis qcevas da Tu TviTonac aRmoCndeba msgavs mdgomareobaSi daojaxebis Semdgom, misT-

vis advili iqneba ojaxSi ZaladobasTan Segueba. aqedan gamomdinare, ojaxSi mSoblebis

Zaladobaze dakvirvebiT, bavSvebis erTi nawili swavlobs dazaralebulis, meore ki mo-

Zaladis qcevas, romelsac Semdgom TviTonac iyeneben.17

ojaxSi Zaladobis SemTxvevaTa prevenciis, gamovlenisa da msxverplTa Semdgomi

reabilitaciis procesSi, kanonmdeblobiT pirdapir gansazRvruli organoebis garda,

Zalze mniSvnelovani roli eniWeba arasamTavrobo seqtors, samoqalaqo sazogadoebas,

fsiqologebs, pedagogebs, eqimebsa da Jurnalistebs.18

qalebis mier partniorze Zaladobis gamoyenebis erT-erTi yvelaze garcelebuli

mizezi, sandersis (1988) kvlevebis Tanaxmad, Tavdacvis survilia. qalTa Zalian mcire

nawili Tu aRiarebs, rom Zaladobas partniorTan urTierTobis dasawyisSive mimarTes.

am SemTxvevaSi Zaladobis Sedegic gansaxvavebulia, rac imiT aixsneba, rom mamakacebi

fizikurad ufro Zlierebi arian da xSirad mimarTaven Zaladobas. saqarTveloSi Zal-

adobrivia yoveli mesame ojaxi. ojaxSi Zaladoba mZime SedegebiT aisaxeba qalebze _

moqmedebs maT janmrTelobasa da fsiqikur mdgomareobaze, negatiur gavlenas axdens

urTierTobis unarze, profesiul konkurentunarianobaze, cxovrebis doneze, ojaxuri

cxovrebis xarisxze da a.S. yvelaze did saSiSroebas Zaladoba qalis janmrTelobas uqm-

nis.19

upirveles yovlisa, uzrunvelyofili unda iqnes qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojax-

Si Zaladobis Sesaxeb detaluri satatistikuri monacemebis warmoeba. unda gaZliere-

des muSaoba mosaxleobis cnobierebis amaRlebis kuTxiT da samarTaldamcav organoebs

davaloT informaciis gavrceleba ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtze gamoZaxebis dros, arsebuli

kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli damcavi meqanizmebisa da servisebis Sesaxeb Seiqmnas special-

uri struqturuli erTeuli, romelic uSualod iqneba pasuxismgebeli qalTa mimarT da

16 Swiss taken to task oveR domestic violence, 2005, http://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-taken-to-task-over-domestic-vio-lence/4865828?ns_mchannel=ps&ns_campaign=DSA&ns_source=adw&ns_linkname=_cat:swissinfo.ch&gclid=Cj0KEQjwkI-urBRDwoZfi 1bGCxocBEiQAmcs-eowk-_Bu0Euxqs7v5kg_qZmH1CrT-oGpSO3Hb1vegPIaApZk8P8HAQ 09.05.2017

17 SalikaSvili m., miqanaZe g. _ àrasrulwlovanTa marTlmsajulebis Taviseburebani: arasrulwlovanTa

marTlmsajulebis kriminologiuri, sisxlissamarTlebrivi, penitencialuri da saerTaSoriso

samarTlebrivi safuZvlebi~, q. Tbilisi, 2011 weli, gv.23.

18 gaverTiandeT ojaxSi Zaladobis aRmosafxvrelad da qalebisa da gogonebis gasaZliereblad saqarTve-

los ukeTesi momavlisaTvis~ q. Tbilisi 2016 weli, gv. 19

19 petai i. `sociologiis prizmidan danaxuli ojaxuri Zaladoba’’ xma mdumareTa, gamomcemloba `petiti’’

2011 w. gv.390;


64

ojaxSi Cadenil danaSaulTa reagirebaze.

dainergos ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebze reagirebis Semdgomi monitoringis meqanizmi,

sadac gawerili iqneba konkretuli instruqcia, raTa Semcirdes Zaladobis ganmeorebis

riski.20

daskvna

ojaxSi Zaladoba mTeli sazogadoebisTvis aqtualuri problemaa. amitom, mniSvnelo-

vania am sakiTxSi sazogadoebis aqtiuri CarTuloba. aseve mniSvnelovania, sxvadasxva mo-

qmedi struqturebisa da organizaciebis mWidro da koordinirebuli muSaoba. miviCnevT,

rom am urTierTobebis farglebSi unda moxdes saWiro informaciis Segroveba, romelic

Seexeba qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebs, socialuri statusis

mqone yvela pirisTvis.

adamianis uflebis dacva mxolod dacul sazogadoebaSi SeiZleba. gamosavali prob-

lemis sajaroobaSia. Tu moxdeba ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtebis damalva, araferi Seicv-

leba da ar iqneba am kuTxiT wingadadgmuli nabiji da ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverpli ver

SeZlebs Tavis uflebebis dacvas Tu ar eqneba informacia misi uflebebis arsebobis

Sesaxeb. amasTan, uaRresad mniSvnelovania, am problemasTan dakavSirebiT sazogadoebaSi

xSirad gaimarTos diskusia da yvelam erTad gaiziaros, rom ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladoba

msubuqi danaSuli ar aris. am kuTxiT cnobierebis amaRleba ki daexmareba imis gaazrebaSi

ramdenad irRveva Tu ara misi uflebebi da rom yvela adamians aqvs Zaladobis gareSe

cxovrebis ufleba.

20 qalTa mimarT Zaladoba da ojaxSi Zaladoba saqarTveloSi, saqarTvelos saxalxo damcvelis specialuri

angariSi 2015 weli.

65

aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis Taviseburebani

ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladobis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze

elene goguaZe

Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeTa sagamoZiebo, winasasamarTlo sxdomisa

da arsebiTi ganxilvis kolegiis mosamarTle

saqarTvelos daviT aRmaSeneblis saxelobis universitetis

samarTlis skolis sadoqtoro programis doqtoranti

ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladoba erT-erTi gavrcelebuli da specifikuri danaSaulis

formaa. amgvari danaSauli msoflios bevr qveyanaSi fiqsirdeba da moicavs sazogadoebis

yvela fenas. ojaxur danaSaulTan brZolis sistemis srulyofisaTvis aucilebelia rom

ojaxSi arsebuli Zaladoba ganixilebodes erT-erT rTul da saSiS movlenad, radgan am

saxis danaSauli xelyofs rogorc adamianis Rirsebas, janmrTelobas da SesaZloa Tavad

sicocxlesac ki.

ojaxSi arsebulma negatiurma garemom SesaZloa imoqmedos sazogadoebaze da mo-

maval Taobebze. bavSvi romelic izrdeba daZabuli ojaxuri urTierTobebis fonze,

mkveTrad gansxvavdeba im mozardebisagan, romlebic izrdebian mSvid ojaxur garemoSi.

ojaxSi arsebuli uTanxmoeba mozardis fsiqikur ganviTarebaze uaryofiT zegavlenas

axdens. SesaZloa amgvarma fsiqologiurma gancdebma bavSvi samomavlod moZaladeTac

ki Camoayalibos. araerTi kvlevis Tanaxmad, moZalade SesaZloa Tavadac yofiliyo msx-

verpli mcirewlovnobis an gardatexis asakSi. swored amgvari danaSaulebrivi qmedebis

aqtualur problemad unda iqnes ganxiluli is ZiriTadi faqtori, rom ojaxSi arsebuli

Zaladoba iwvevs mniSvnelovan socialurad saSiS Sedegebs, ojaxSi icvleba moraluri

klimati, romelic gansakuTrebiT mcirewlovan da mozard bavSvebze aisaxeba. es yove-

live maTSi iwvevs gamousworebel zians, SesaZloa mozardebi mividnen alkoholizmisa

da narkomaniis zRvramde, ojaxSi arsebulma Zaladobam SesaZloa maTSi TviTmkvlelobis

survilic aRZras.

saqarTvelos konstitucia sxva ZiriTad uflebaTa Soris erT-erT umTavres miznad

adamianis uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa dacvas ganixilavs. ojaxuri Zaladoba SesaZloa

miCnul iqnes saqarTvelos konstituciiT daculi adamianis uflebaTa darRvevad. `yve-

la adamiani dabadebiT Tavisufalia da kanonis winaSe Tanasworia, ganurCevlad kanisa,

ferisa, sqesisa, religiisa, politikuri da sxva Sexedulebebisa, erovnuli, eTnikuri da

socialuri kuTvnilebisa, warmoSobisa, qonebrivi da wodebrivi mdgomareobisa, sacx-

ovrebeli adgilisa~. Sesabamisad ojaxuri Zaladoba unda ganvixiloT, rogorc ojaxis

erTi wevris mier meoris mimarT konstituciuri uflebebis xelyofa da darRveva.

Tavisufali pirovneba da misi Rirseba aris saqarTvelos konstituciis uzenaesobis

Rirebuleba da umniSvnelovanesi principi, konstituciiT adamiani miCneulia individad,

romelsac aqvs Tavisi cxovrebis damoukidebeli da sakuTari pasuxismgeblobiT Camoyal-


66

ibebis SesaZlebloba da unari`1. aseve saqarTvelos konstituciis me-17 muxlis pirveli

punqti miuTiTebs: àdamianis pativi da Rirseba xelSeuvalia~.

ram SeiZleba gamoiwvios ojaxSi erTi wevris mier meoris uflebebis darRveva, ratom

SeiZleba ojaxis erTi wevri aRmoCndes moZalade da ojaxis meore wevri msxverpli?

ZiriTadad moZalades qmnis garemo, anu Zaladobriv garemoSi bavSvobidan yofna. aseve

unda mivuTiToT ojaxSi arsebuli konfliqtis mizezad _ ojaxSi arsebuli arastabilu-

ri socialuri garemo, ojaxis wevrTa undobloba, urTierTpativiscemis dakargva da

sxva. dResdReobiT ojaxuri Zaladobis gamomwvev mizezad SesaZloa dasaxeldes uamravi

araerTgvarovani garemoeba. ojaxSi Zaladobis ZiriTad mizezad SesaZloa dasaxeldes

socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi. Tumca mxolod ùmuSevroba da qveyanaSi arsebuli

socialur-ekonomikuri problema ar SeiZleba miviCnioT Zaladobis gamomwvev mizezad,

radgan ojaxSi Zaladoba Tanabrad arsebobs, rogorc naklebad ganviTarebul qveynebSi,

aseve ekonomikurad Zlier da ganviTarebul qveynebSic. bevri moZalade Tavis qmedebas

alkoholis miRebiT an narkotikebisadmi damokidebulebiT xsnis, rac arasworia, aravin

axorcielebs Zaladobas mxolod imis gamo, rom igi alkoholis an narkotikis zemoq-

medebis qveS aris. aseT dros moZalades umZafrdeba piradi Tavisuflebis da sxvebze

batonobis SegrZneba, rac ukve Zaladobis xarisxze moqmedebs~.2

dResdReobiT ojaxuri Zaladobis gamomwvev mizezad SesaZloa dasaxeldes ojaxSi

arsebuli arasaxarbielo finansuri mdgomareoba da qonebrivi siduxWire, rac adamianSi

iwvevs fsiqologiur stress, aRniSnuli ki, yoveldRiurad amZafrebs uTanxmoebas ojaxis

wevrebs Soris. aseve, aseT garemoSi yofna ojaxis erT wevrs aqcevs damokidebuls meore

wevris mimarT, romelic ojaxSi iTvleba e.w. `Semomtanad~, umuSevroba da ekonomikuri

damokidebuleba ki aiZulebs msxverpls aitanos Zaladoba, radgan misTvis erTaderTi

finansuri dasayrdeni moZaladea. arsebobs aseve ojaxuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, maSin

rodesac qalis ekonomikur aqtivobas da damoukideblobas mamakaci safrTxed aRiqvams,

gansakuTrebiT, Tuki mamakaci umuSevaria radgan mas eufleba ojaxSi sakuTari Zalau-

flebis dakargvis SiSi, rac Semdgom iwvevs qalis mimarT Zaladobis gamovlinebas.

`Zaladoba sxvadasxvagvarad aisaxa adamianTa bedze. konfliqtebma da socialurma

siduxWirem xeli Seuwyo Zaladobis matebas. zogadma procesebma sazogadoebaSi moral-

uri da saerTo Rirebulebebis kuTxiT iCina Tavi. mag: ucxo aRar iyo iseTi movlena ro-

goric gaxlavT ZaliT gaTxoveba, mZime pirobebSi warmarTuli orsuloba, iseT pirovne-

basTan ojaxis Seqmna, romelic odesRac Tavad iyo Zaladobis msxverpli da rac mTavaria

ojaxuri konfliqtis niadagze dazaralebuli bavSvebi. ase warmoiqmna Cvens Tvalwin

siZulvilis danaSauli, romelmac saxelwodeba _ ojaxuri Zaladoba miiRo. mainc ratom

ojaxuri danaSauli? imitom rom ojaxi mniSvnelovani institutia, sadac yvelaze dacu-

lad unda igrZnos adamianma Tavi~3.

ojaxSi arsebuli uTanxmoebani, xSir SemTxvevaSi izrdeba ZaladobaSi da SesaZloa

aman ufro mZime, letalur Sedegebamdec migviyvanos, Tumca ar SeiZleba yoveli amgvari

qmedebis mimarT viyoT metad mkacrebi da pirvelive SemTxvevaSi mivmarToT radikalur

zomebs, radgan danaSauli Cadenilia ojaxSi, moZalade da msxverpli erTi ojaxis wevrebi

arian da samomavlod amgvarma radikalurma zomebma SesaZloa ufro metad gaaRizianos

rogorc dapirispirebuli mxareebi, aseve ojaxis sxva wevrebi, Sesabamisad, amgvari qmede-

bani saxelmwifos mxridan metad frTxil midgomebs, faqtobrivi garemoebebis siRrmi-

seul Seswavlas da konfliqtis gamomwvevi mizezebis mignebas saWiroebs.

1 kublaSvili k. adamianis ZiriTadi uflebebi. Tb. 2010. gv.86

2 boWoriSvili k. loria a. praqtikuli saxelmZRvanelo ojaxSi Zaladobis sakiTxebze, Tbilisi 2009. gv 9

3 guram naWyebia -75 saiubileo krebuli. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

iuridiuli fakulteti. gamomcemloba `meridiani~ 2016 w. ivaniZe m. ojaxSi Cadenili danaSuli gv.52-53.

aRmkveTi RonisZiebis Sefardebis Taviseburebani ojaxSi Cadenili Zaladobis sisxlis samarTlis saqmeebze

elenegoguaZe

67

sayuradReboa ojaxSi arsebuli Zaladobis Sedegad dazaralebuli piri _ msxverpli,

romelmac SesaZloa ganicados rogorc fizikuri, aseve fsiqologiuri Zaladoba, iZule-

ba, seqsualuri Zaladoba da ekonomiuri Zaladobac ki. es aris is dazaralebuli rome-

lic gansxvavdeba sxva dazaralebulebisagan kerZod, qurdobis, Zarcvis, yaCaRobis, TaR-

liTobisa da sxva danaSaulebrivi qmedebebis Sedegad dazaralebuli pirebisagan, radgan

maT gverdiT udgaT ojaxebi, megobrebi, axloblebi, xolo ojaxuri Zaladobis Sedegad

dazaralebuli piri rCeba sul marto moZaladis pirispir. igi cxovrobs moZaladesTan

da mudmiv stresSi imyofeba, ris gamoc ufro mZime danaSaulis Cadenis riski metia.

saqarTveloSi ojaxur Zaladobaze muSaoba 1990-iani wlebis bolodan daiwyo. 2006

wels miRebuli iqna kanoni òjaxSi Zaladobis aRkveTis, ojaxSi Zaladobis msxverplTa

dacvis da daxmarebis Sesaxeb~, sadac ganisazRvra ojaxuri Zaladobis cneba da saxelm-

wifo dacvis meqanizmebi, romelic tardeba moZaladis mimarT, kerZod SemoRebulia Se-

makavebeli da damcavi orderi, rac saSualebas aZlevs policias da sasamarTlos swrafi

reagireba moaxdinos ojaxSi Zaladobis faqtze, uzrunvelyos msxverplis dacva da Sez-

Rudos moZaladis garkveuli qmedebebi.

ras gulisxmobs ojaxSi Zaladoba _ ojaxis erTi wevris mier meoris konstituciuri

uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis darRvevas fizikuri, fsiqologiuri, ekonomikuri, seqsu-

aluri ZaladobiT an iZulebiT.

vin moiazreba ojaxis wevrebSi _ ojaxis wevrebi arin _ deda, mama, papa, bebia, meuR-

le, Svili (geri), Svilobili, mimRebi ojaxi (dedobili, mamobili), SviliSvili, da, Zma,

meuRlis mSoblebi, siZe, rZali, agreTve yofili meuRle, araregistrirebul qorwinebaSi

myofi pirebi, meurve;

ojaxSi ra saxis Zaladobas SeiZleba hqondes adgili _ fizikuri Zaladoba _ cema,

wameba, janmrTelobis dazianeba, Tavisuflebis ukanono aRkveTa an sxva iseTi moqmedeba,

romelic iwvevs fizikur tkivils an tanjvas; janmrTelobis mdgomareobasTan dakavSire-

buli moTxovnebis daukmayofilebloba, rac iwvevs ojaxis wevris janmrTelobis daziane-

bas an sikvdils;

fsiqologiuri Zaladoba _ Seuracxyofa, SantaJi, damcireba, muqara an sxva iseTi

moqmedeba, romelic iwvevs adamianis pativisa da Rirsebis Selaxvas;

iZuleba _ adamianis fizikuri an fsiqologiuri iZuleba, Seasrulos an ar Seasrulos

moqmedeba, romlis ganxorcieleba an romlisgan Tavis Sekaveba misi uflebaa, anda saku-

Tar Tavze ganicados Tavisi neba-survilis sawinaaRmdego zemoqmedeba;

seqsualuri Zaladoba _ sqesobrivi kavSiri ZaladobiT, Zaladobis muqariT an msx-

verplis umweobis gamoyenebiT; sqesobrivi kavSiri an seqsualuri xasiaTis sxvagvari mo-

qmedeba an garyvnili qmedeba arasrulwlovnis mimarT;

ekonomikuri Zaladoba _ qmedeba, romelic iwvevs sakvebiT, sacxovrebeli da nor-

maluri ganviTarebis sxva pirobebiT uzrunvelyofis, sakuTrebisa da Sromis uflebebis

ganxorcielebis, agreTve TanasakuTrebaSi arsebuli qonebiT sargeblobisa da kuTvnili

wilis gankargvis uflebis SezRudvas;

rogorc Cans, amgvari danaSaulisaTvis Zaladoba ar ganixileba mxolod fizikur

Zaladobad, es danaSauli aseve moicavs piris Seuracxyofas, iZulebas, seqsualur Zal-

adobas, msxverplis mimarT aseve fsiqologiur da ekonomiur Zaladobasac ki, amitomac

saWiroa yuradReba gamaxvildes TiToeuli Zaladobis formaze.

saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis kodeqss 2012 wels daemata 1261 muxli, rac gulisx-

mobs òjaxis erTi wevris mier meoris mimarT Zaladobas, sistematur Seuracxyofas,

SantaJs, damcirebas, ramac gamoiwvia fizikuri tkivili an tanjva. danaSauli isjeba

sazogadoebisaTvis sasargeblo SromiT vadiT oTxmocidan asormocdaaT saaTamde, an


68

Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT vadiT erT wlamde, xolo Tu igive qmedeba Cadenilia winaswari

SecnobiT arasrulwlovnis, umweo mdgomareobaSi myofis, SezRuduli SesaZleblobis

mqone piris an orsuli qalis mimarT; arasrulwlovnis TandaswrebiT misive ojaxis wev-

ris mimarT; ori an meti piris mimarT; jgufurad; araerTgzis, – isjeba sazogadoebi-

saTvis sasargeblo SromiT vadiT orasidan oTxas saaTamde an Tavisuflebis aRkveTiT

vadiT erTidan sam wlamde~.

ojaxuri Zaladobis sisxlissamarTlebriv regulaciiT moxda ojaxuri Zaladobis

erT muxlSi sistematizacia.

òjaxuri Zaladobis sisxlissamarTlebriv regulacias aqvs Tavisi dadebiTi da uary-

ofiTi niSnebi. ganvixiloT TiToeuli maTgani.

dadebiTi aspeqtebia: 1. ojaxuri Zaladobis erT muxlSi moqceva da sistematizacia;

2. ojaxSi moZalade igrZnobs, rom igi moZaladea. 3. qmedebisaTvis adekvaturi saxelis

darqmeva; 4. moxdeba danaSaulis prevencia. 5. daaSinebs im pirebs, vinc potenciuri mo-

Zaladea.

uaryofiTi aspeqti: xels uSlis ojaxis SenarCunebas. ojaxuri Zaladobis sisxlis-

samarTlebrivi regulireba moZalades ukargavs ojaxur urTierTobaSi dabrunebis Sesa-

Zleblobas, vinaidan igi SeuZleblad CaTvlis mis policiaSi damsmenTan erTad momavalSi

cxovrebas~.4

rogorc ukve aRiniSna, ojaxur Zaladobas ar SeiZleba mivudgeT erTgvarovnad, yove-

li aseTi sisxlis samarTlis saqme moiTxovs did yuradRebas misi individualizaciis

mxriv, zedmiwevniT unda Sefasdes faqtobrivi garemoebebi, Seswavlili unda iqnes mo-

Zaladisa da msxverplis pirovnuli monacemebi, yuradReba unda gamaxvildes konfliqtis

ra zRvarzea wyvili, ra viTarebaSi da ra garemoSi uwevT maT arasrulwlovan Svilebs

yofna, ras ganicdian maTi ojaxis sxva wevrebi, xom ar SeiZleba saxeze iyo samomavlod

Zaladobis gagrZeleba rogorc msxverplis aseve ojaxis sxva wevrebis mimarTac, aseve

yuradReba gasamaxvilebelia im garemoebazec, rom SesaZloa wavawydeT iseT faqtobriv

garemoebebs, sadac SesaZloa saqme gvqondes Sereul bralTanac ki, maSin rodesac coli

SesaZloa gvevlinebodes rogorc fsiqologiuri moZalade, xolo qmari fizikuri mo-

Zalade, aseT SemTxvevaSi orive piri miecema pasuxisgebaSi.

xSir SemTxvevebSi sisxlis samarTlebrivi devnis dawyebis, braldebulis dakavebisa

da bralis wardgenis Semdgom, saxelmwifo bralmdebeli savaraudo moZaladis mimarT

sasamarTlos mimarTavs SuamdgomlobiT aRkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT yvelaze mkacri

RonisZiebis _ patimrobis Sefardebis moTxovniT. braldeba Suamdgomlobas ZiriTadad

asabuTebs moZaladis mier danaSaulis gagrZelebasa da mtkicebulebaTa ganadgurebis

safrTxeebze dayrdnobiT.

sasamarTlo statistikis Tanaxmad 2016 wlis monacemebs Tu gadavxedavT `Tbilisis

saqalaqo sasamarTloSi Sesuli iyo sul ojaxuri Zaladobis SemTxvevebze (saqarTvelos

ssk-is 1261 muxliT) Tbilisis saqalaqo sasamarTlos sisxlis samarTlis saqmeTa saga-

moZiebo, winasasamarTlo sxdomisa da arsebiTi ganxilvis kolegiaSi braldebis mxaris

191 Suamdgomloba, aqedan patimrobis moTxovniT Suamdgomloba iyo 155 SemTxvevaSi,

xolo sasamarTlos mier mxolod 80 SemTxvevaSi iqna gadawyvetileba miRebuli moZala-

dis mimarT patimrobis Sefardebis Taobaze, danarCen SemTxvevaSi moZalades Seefarda

arasapatimro aRkveTi RonisZieba, kerZod: 22 SemTxvevaSi gamoyenebuli iqna girao, 41

SemTxvevaSi girao sapatimro uzrunvelyofiT, erT saqmeze braldebuli darCa aRkveTi

RonisZiebis gareSe, 3 saqmeze braldebul pirs Seefarda piradi Tavdeboba, 6 SemTxvevaSi

braldebuls Seefarda aRkveT RonisZiebad SeTanxmeba gausvlelobisa da saTanado qcev-

4 SalikaSvili m. Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012w. gamomcemloba `meridiani~ gv. 86-87


elenegoguaZe

69

is Sesaxeb, 1 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze damtkicda mxareTa Soris dadebuli saproceso

SeTanxmeba, xolo 1 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Suamdgomlobis avtorma gaiTxova Suamd-

gomloba, ris gamoc igi darCa ganuxilveli. aseve aRkveTi RonisZiebis patimrobis gar-

da, braldebis mxare ojaxuri Zaladobis saqmeebze sasamarTloSi Semosulia 34 sisxlis

samarTlis saqmeze arasapatimro aRkveTis RonisZiebis _ giraos Sefardebis moTxovniT,

aqedan 24 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Suamdgomloba nawilobriv iqna dakmayofilebuli

(giraos Tanxis Semcirebis nawilSi), 7 saqmeze braldebuli darCa aRkveTi RonisZiebis

gareSe, xolo 3 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze damtkicda mxareTa Soris dadebuli sapro-

ceso SeTanxmeba. aseve, braldebis mxare 1 sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze Suamdgomlobda

braldebulis mimarT aRkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT xelwerilis gausvlelobisa da saTanado

qcevis Sesaxeb Sefardebas, rac dakmayofilda, xolo erT saqmeze moiTxovda pirad Tav-

debobis gamoyenebas, rac ar dakmayofilda da braldebuli darCa aRkveTis RonisZiebis

gareSe.`5

gasuli wlis statistikuri monacemebis Tanaxmad Cans, rom dominant adgilze ojax-

uri Zaladobis saqmeebSi aris aRkveTis RonisZieba patimroba, mas moyveba girao da

sxva ufro msubuqi aRkveTis RonisZiebani, aseve piri datovebulia saerTod aRkveTis

RonisZiebis gareSec.

SesaZloa daisvas kiTxva ra ganapirobebs savaraudo moZaladis mimarT miRebuli iqnes

gadawyvetileba arasapatimro RonisZiebis Sefardebis Taobaze, maSin rodesac danaSau-

lis gagrZelebisa da mowmeebze zemoqmedebis faqtorebi amgvar danaSaulebebs xSirad

axasiaTebT, aseve amgvari danaSaulebrivi qmedebis ufro mZime da gansakuTrebiT mZime

danaSaulSi gadazrdis riskebi Zalzed maRalia.

rogorc zemoT avRniSneT sasamarTlos mier Suamdgomlobis ganxilvisas aucileb-

lad gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes pirvel rigSi saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebani da er-

Toblivad rogorc faqtobriv aseve formalur garemoebebze dayrdnobiT unda iqnes

miRebuli gadawyvetileba. arsebobs saqmis garemoebani romlebic TvalnaTliv miu-

TiTebs, rom braldebulis mxridan maRalia riskebi rogorc danaSaulis gagrZelebisa

aseve gamoZiebis xelSeSlisa, magaliTad erT-erTi saqmis faqtobrivi garemoebebi aseTia:

_ moZalade meuRlis mimarT axorcielebs Zaladobas, rac gamoixata saxeSi ramdenimejer

dartymiT, aseve emuqreba mas, rom aucileblad moklavs, muqaris realurad aRqmisaTvis,

Tu msxverplis mimarT danapirebis asrulebisaTvis, moZalade iRebs najaxs, Zalis gam-

oyenebiT ezoSi gahyavs meuRle da eubneba, rom mas Tavs moaWris, amis Semswre aris maTi

arasrulwlovani 16 wlis gogona romelic dedis saSvelad midis, mama mis mimarTac axo-

rcielebs Zaladobas, danamdvilebiT ver vityviT moiyvanda Tu ara sisruleSi moZalade

muqaras, Tumca amgvar sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze vfiqrob aseTi faqtobrivi garemoe-

bebis arsebobisas da aseve im formaluri safuZvlebiT, rogoricaa piris mier amgvari

qmedebis araerTgzis Cadena, sakmarisi iqneba moZalades aRkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT ga-

nesazRvros uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa SezRudvis yvelaze mkacri forma patimroba.

Semdgom sisxlis samarTlis saqmeze ojaxSi ganxorcielebuli Zaladobis faqto-

brivi garemoebebi aseTia: _ mamam arasulwlovani Svilis, 8 wlis gogonas mimarT ganax-

orciela Zaladoba, igi bavSvs urtyamda muStebs saxis areSi, aseve urtyamda xerxemalSi,

bavSvs gaqcevis saSualebac ki ar hqonda, vinaidan danaSaulebrivi qmedeba xorcielde-

boda (lifti) Caketil sivrceSi, sadac bavSvis dedas ar mieca saSualeba daxmareboda mis

Svils, raTqma unda motivs amgvari qmedebisaTvis ar ganvixilavT, Tumca mkiTxvelisaTvis

saintereso iqneba, rom mamam sakuTari 8 wlis gogona cema imitom rom igi maRaziaSi SeZe-

nili produqtebiT saxlis ezoSi waiqca da dazianda moZaladisaTvis misatani sigareti.

5 saerTaSoriso da sasamarTlo praqtikis ganzogadebisa da statistikis samsaxuri. Tbilisis saqalaqo

sasamarTlo.


70

am ori magaliTis Sefasebisas, saqmis rogorc faqtobrivi da aseve formaluri gare-

moebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, sasamarTlos samarTlebrivi safuZveli gaaCnia, braldebu-

lis mimarT gamoiyenos uflebaTa SezRudvis yvelaze mkacri forma _ patimroba, raTa

Tavidan iqnes acilebuli rogorc danaSaulis gagrZelebis, aseve mowmeTa mimarT zemo-

qmedebis riskebi, Sesabamisad, amgvari garemoebebis arsebobisas aRkveTis RonisZiebis

saxiT arasapatimro RonisZiebis gamoyeneba ver uzrunvelyofs braldebulebis mimarT

aRkveTis RonisZiebis miznebis miRwevas. aseve, sasamarTlos mier aucileblad unda

iqnes mxedvelobaSi miRebuli braldebulis pirovnuli maxasiaTeblebi, aseve mis mimarT

bralad Seracxuli qmedebis specifika da qmedebis Cadenis xerxi, amgvar danaSaulebebs

yovelTvis axasiaTebs qmedebis ganmeorebiToba, vinaidan amis faqtoria moZaladisa da

msxverplis erTad cxovreba, maSin rodesac piri (moZalade) uunaroa kontroli gauwios

Tavis risxvas, romelic mimarTulia misive ojaxis wevrebis mimarT da amasTan aras-

rulwlovani Svilebis Tvalwin da maT mimarTac. amgvari faqtobrivi da formaluri

safuZvlebi srulad akmayofilebs piris mimarT aRkveTi RonisZiebis patimrobis Sefar-

debis standarts. amasTan unda aRiniSnos, rom òjaxuri Zaladoba yvelaze metad exeba

col-qmarsa da Svilebs, igi gansxvavdeba sxva saxis Zaladobisagan Tavisi Caketili sivr-

ciT da araerTjeradi xasiaTiT. ojaxuri Zaladoba scildeba ojaxis farglebs da saSiS

socialur problemad gadaiqceva, radgan ojaxSi danergili Zaladobis modeli moicavs

ara mxolod konfliqtur wyvils, aramed mTlianad ojaxis wevrebs~6, ojaxuri Zaladoba

yvelaze metad bavSvebis fsiqikaze aisaxeba.

zemoaRniSnuli saqmeebidan erT-erTze dadga gamamtyunebeli ganaCeni da moZalades

miesaja sasjeli Tavisuflebis aRkveTi saxiT, xolo mere sisxlis samarTlis saqme arse-

biTi ganxilvis stadiaze imyofeba.

aseve araerTi saCivari iqna gagzavnili adamianis uflebaTa evropul sasamarTloSi

ojaxuri Zaladobis faqtebTan dakavSirebiT sxvadasxva qveynebidan. àdamianis uflebaTa

evropulma sasamarTlom erT-erTi gadawyvetilebaSi romelic exeba ojaxur Zaladobas,

/saqme eremia da sxvebi moldovis respublikis winaaRmdeg N3564/11, 28.05.2013/ daadgina,

rom saqmeSi darRveulia:

konvenciis me-3 muxli (araadamianuri da damamcirebeli mopyropis akrZalva) lilia

eremiasTan mimarTebiT;

dairRva konvenciis me-8 muxli (piradi da ojaxuri cxovrebis pativiscemis ufleba)

mis or qaliSvilTan mimarTebiT;

dairRva konvenciis me-14 muxli (diskriminaciis akrZalva) me-3 muxlTan erToblioba-

Si qlilia eremiasTan mimarTebiT;

winamdebare saqme exeboda aplikantebis saCivars imasTan dakavSirebiT, rom moldovis

xelisuflebam ver uzrunvelyo maTi dacva policieli qmrisa da mamis Zaladobrivi da

Seuracxmyofeli qmedebisgan.

adamianis uflebaTa evropulma sasamarTlom daadgina, rom miuxedavad Zaladobis

Sesaxeb infromaciis flobisa, xelisuflebam ver gaatara efeqturi RonisZiebebi, mom-

Civnis qmris Sesakaveblad da ojaxSi Zaladobisagan aplikantis dasacavad. sasamarTlom

aseve miiCnia, rom Zaladobis ganmeorebis aRsakveTad efeqturi nabijebi ar gadadgmula,

miuxedavad imisa, rom mamis mier dedaze Zaladobis ganxorcielebas qaliSvilebze uary-

ofiTi fsiqologiuri gavlena hqonda. sabolood, sasamarTlom daadgina, rom xelisu-

flebis damokidebuleba warmoadgenda Zaladobis patiebas; es damokidebuleba qalbato-

ni eremias, rogorc qalis mimarT diskriminaciuli xasiaTis iyo~7.

6 http://www.nplg.gov.ge saqarTvelos parlamentis erovnuli biblioTeka Zaladoba ojaxSi. ZiriTadi daskvnebi

7 adamianis uflebaTa sasamarTlos gadawyvetilebebi qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis


elenegoguaZe

71

konvenciaSi arsebuli mravali norma zogadi formulirebisaa, evropuli sasamarT-

los precedentuli samarTlis gaanalizebis gareSe rTuli iqneboda konvenciis debule-

baTa sworad ganmarteba da gamoyeneba. adamianis uflebaTa evropuli sasamarTlos

ganCinebani da gadawyvetilebani xsnian da ganmartaven konvenciis teqsts, swored evro-

puli gadawyvetilebebi aRqmul unda iqnes samarTlis wyarod, vinaidan isini preceden-

tebia. evropuli konvenciiT garantirebuli uflebebis CamonaTvali ZiriTadad emTxveva

saqarTvelos konstituciis meore TaviT gaTvaliswinebul uflebaTa da TavisuflebaTa

katalogs. Sesabamisad, qarTuli sasamarTloebi xSir SemTxvevaSi faqtobrivi garemoe-

bebis misadagebiT iyeneben evropuli sasamarTlos mier miRebul gadawyvetilebebs, ro-

gorc precendentebs. aseve, saxelmwifos movaleobaa gaaqtiuros yvela Sida meqanizmi

da resursi, raTa uzrunvelyofil iqnes Zaladobis SemTxvevaSi msxverplis maqsimaluri

dacva da moZaladis mimarT ganaxorcielos kanoniT dadgenili yvela RonisZiebebi. raTa

moZaladis mier gaTviTcnobierebuli iqnes Tavisi qmedebis danaSaulebrivi xasiaTi da

samomavlod misi mxridan gamoricxuli iyos Zaladobis xelaxali ganmeoreba.

arsebobs SemTxvevebi rodesac ojaxur ZaladobaSi braldebuli piri uaRresad na-

nobs mis mier Cadenil qmedebas, rac gamowveuli iyo misi mxridan emociurobiT da Tav-

SeukaveblobiT, mas rcxvenia da bodiSs uxdis ojaxs, warsulSi aseT SemTxvevas adgili

arasdros ar qonia, piri ar aris nasamarTlevi da administraciulsaxdeldadebulic ki,

xasiaTdeba mezoblebisa da kolegebis mxridan dadebiTad, aris dasaqmebuli, uzrunvely-

ofs ojaxs, da rac mTavaria msxverpli iTxovs, rom mis meuRles apatia da mieceT ufleba

rom ganagrZon col-qmruli Tanacxovreba. miuxedavad aseTi formaluri safuZvlebisa

aseT SemTxvevebSic ki sasamarTlom aucileblad unda gaamaxvilos yuradReba danaSau-

lis gagrZelebis riskebze, unda gaanalizos ramdenad gulwrfelia braldebuli, xom ar

aris zemoqmedeba momxdari msxverplze Tavad braldebulis an maTive ojaxis wevrebis

mxridan.

Tumca sainteresoa ra ubiZgebs msxverpls gauCndes survili daibrunos moZalade,

amis gamomwvevi mizezi SesaZloa iyos ekonomiuri an/da emociuri faqtorebi. swored

amgvarma garemoebebma ar unda Seiyvanos sasamarTlo SecdomaSi, radgan amgvari xasiaTis

danaSauli Tavis mxriv gamoirCeva specifikurobiT TiTqos moCvenebiTic ki, rom ojax-

is wevrebs Serigeba surT da amaSi gare faqtorebi uSlis xels, Tumca amgvari riskebis

Tavidan acilebac aris SesaZlebeli, Tu ki savaraudo moZaladis mimarT gamoviyenebT

arasapatimro RonisZiebas da davuwesebT mas garkveul SezRudvebs.

pirvel rigSi Tu ki msxverpli vinmes mier ganicdis zewolas an cdilobs moZalade

daixsnas ekonomiuri Tu emociuri faqtorebidan gamomdinare, swored es garemoeba Ses-

aZloa miviCnioT im maRali riskebis Semcvel garemoebad, rasac SesaZloa moyves dana-

Saulis gagrZeleba, aseT SemTxvevaSi Sedegebi SesaZloa iyos ufro mZime vidre mxolod

Zaladoba. magram Tuki moZaladis patimrobidan daxsnis survili msxverplis mier aris

gulwrfeli da Tavad savaraudo moZaladec aRiqvams mis mier Cadenili danaSaulebrivi

qmedebis Sedegebs da nanobs mas, ratomac ar unda mieces saSualeba braldebuli _ iyos

Tavisufali, SesaZloa moZalades prevenciis saxiT SezRudvad dauwesdes garkveuli

drois ganmavlobaSi policiis organoSi gamocxadeba, an Tundac daevaldebulos ar

miuaxlovdes msxverpls, amis saSualebas iZleva saqarTvelos sisxlis samarTlis sap-

roceso kodeqsis 199-e muxli. am SemTxvevaSic ki, mxedvelobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli

braldebulis pirovnuli maxasiaTebeli, is, rom braldebuli warsulSi ar yofila adre

nasamarTlevi, es aris pirveli SemTxveva da rom Zaladobas sistematiuri xasiaTi ar hqo-

nia, mis mimarT momxdar faqtamde ar yofila gacemuli Semakavebeli orderi, ar aris ad-

sakiTxebze. saqarTvelos uzenaesi sasamarTlo 2016 w. gv. 88


72

ministraciulsaxdeldadebuli piri, aris dasaqmebuli, xasiaTdeba dadebiTad, am SemTx-

vevebSic ki riskebi maRalia, Tumca aravis SeuZlia gansazRvros TiToeuli braldebulis

_ moZaladis moqmedeba Tu risi Camdenia igi momavalSi.

minda aseve mkiTxvelis yuradReba gavamaxvilo iseTi faqtobrivi garemoebebis

irgvliv, romelsac mocemuli statiis weris dros gavecani erT-erT sisxlis samarTlis

saqmeSi: ojaxuri Zaladobis msxverpli aris 17 wlis gogona da moZalade aris mama. Zal-

adoba gamoixata mamis mier Svilis sityvieri Seuracxyofis dros sanTebelis srolaSi,

riTac gogonas saxeze ganuviTarda sisxlCaqceva. mamasa da Svils Soris uTanxmoeba ga-

moiwvia gogonas mier arasaxarbielo akademiurma moswrebam skolaSi da maswavleblebTan,

aRniSnulze ukmayofilo mSobelma moTxova Svils gaeca pasuxi Tu ratom acdenda igi

skolas da ratom ar dadioda maswavleblebTan, radgan iyo abiturienti da meti pasux-

ismgebloba ekisreboda swavlis mxriv, aseve, mama Svilis swavlisaTvis garkveuli finans-

uri valdebulebebis winaSec idga. mamis SekiTxvaze gogonam araedekvaturad _ siciliT

upasuxa da moTxova mamas Tavi daenebebina misTvis, swored aseTi dialogis Semdgom

moxda mamasa da gogonas Soris uTanxmoeba, ris Semdgom mama midis saxlidan da Rames

avtomanqanaSi aTevs. gogona maSinve ukavSirdeba megobars, romelic aris arasamTavro-

bo organizaciis warmomadgeneli, imave dRes aRiZra sisxlissamarTlebrivi devna mamis

mimarT ojaxuri Zaladobis faqtze. braldebulis pirveli wardgenis sasamarTlo sx-

domaze moZalade gulwrfelad nanobda momxdar faqts da ojaxSi arsebuli arcTu ise

saxarbielo ekonomiuri mdgomareobis miuxedavad, mzadyofnas gamoTqvamda Sefardeboda

aRkveTi RonisZiebis saxiT girao, rasac aseve braldebis mxarec Suamdgomlobda sa-

samarTlos winaSe.

rogorc ukve aRiniSna dReis mdgomareobiT amgvari danaSaulebrivi qmedebis mimarT

braldebis mxare umetes SemTxvevaSi sasamarTlos winaSe Suamdgomlobs moZaladis mimarT

mkacri aRkveTis RonisZiebis _ patimrobis Sefardebis Taobaze, Tumca am SemTxvevaSi

Tavad braldebis mxare iTxovda moZaladis mimarT, arasapatimro RonisZiebis _ giraos

Sefardebas. midgomebi ojaxuri danaSaulis mimarT rogorc braldebis mxaris, aseve

marTlmsajulebis, ucilobliv unda iyos individualuri, aRniSnuli danaSauli ufro

metad saWiroebs faqtobrivi garemoebebis siRrmeebSi Sesvlas braldebulis pirveli

wardgenis sxdomaze da masze aseve formalur safuZvlebze dayrdnobiT gadawyvetilebis

miRebas.

imisaTvis, rom dadgindes ramdenad uzrunvelyo saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobaSi ga-

tarebulma cvlilebebma ojaxuri Zaladobis prevencia, aucilebelia Catardes kvleva

saqarTvelos masStabiT, Tu ramden saqmeze dadga moZaladis mimarT gamamtyunebeli ga-

naCeni, ra saxis sasjeli ganesazRvraT moZaladeebs, ramden maTganSi moxda resocial-

izacia da ramdeni maTgani mieca pasuxisgebaSi Zaladobis qmedebis ganmeorebiT faqtTan

dakavSirebiT. amgvari kvleva mogvcems saSualebas Tamamad visaubroT, rom kanonmde-

blobaSi gatarebulma cvlilebebma mogvca Tu ara Sedegi, Tu ojaxuri Zaladobis dana-

Sauli kvlav moiTxovs xarvezebis mignebas da maT saTanado gaanalizebas.

minda aseve mkiTxvelis yuradReba gavamaxvilo im niuansze, romelic amgvari qmede-

bebis mimarT bolo xanebSi gamovlinda sasamarTloebSi _ umetes SemTxvevaSi ojaxu-

ri danaSaulebis saqmis arsebiT ganxilvis dros, maSin rodesac xdeba mtkicebuleba-

Ta gamokvleva da unda moxdes msxverplis an mowmis dakiTxva, mowmed dasakiTxi pirebi

iyeneben maT mimarT miniWebul uflebas da uars amboben Cvenebis micemaze sasamarTloSi

moZaladis winaaRmdeg, isini ar aZleven mamxilebel Cvenebas maTi ojaxis wevris mimarT,

aseT SemTxvevaSi saxeze gvaqvs gamamarTlebeli ganaCenebi moZaladeTa mimarT. imisaTvis,

rom Tavidan aviciloT moZaladeebis mier gamamarTlebeli ganaCenebi mxolod amgvari


elenegoguaZe

73

garemoebebis gamo, aRniSnuli sakiTxic moiTxovs meti informaciis miRebas da met kv-

levas, mignebuli unda iqnes iseTi iusticiuri normebi, romlebic maqsimalurad daicavs

msxverpls moZaladisagan.

ismis kiTxva, rogor aviciloT Tavidan amgvari danaSaulebi da rogor ar mivceT

mas saSualeba ganviTardes. àm sakiTxs aqvs Tavisi globaluri da mecnieruli axsna.

globaluri TvalsazrisiT mizezebi mravalmxrivia. sazogadoebis nawils ar SeuZlia sa-

kuTari uflebebis dacva. xSirad imitom, rom kargad ar icnobs kanons. erT-erT sakiTxs

warmoadgens mimarTvianob, anu ramdenad mimarTavs esa Tu is piri Sesabamis organos

(policia). da bolos, sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris damokidebuleba danaSaulisadmi.

is, rom sazogadoebis nawils SeuZlia sakuTari uflebebis dacva, garda samarTlebrivi

aRzrdisa, bevr faqtorTan aris dakavSirebuli. am kuTxiT Tavs iCens zogadad ganaT-

lebis problema _ rac vfiqrobT, mravalmxrivi RonisZiebebiT unda ganxorcieldes. Zir-

iTadad ki skolidan unda daiwyos. kerZod unda moxdes ojaxis institutis, ZiriTadi

Rirebulebebisa da faseulobebis, adamianis uflebebisa da Tavisuflebebis damcveli

gaZlierebuli programebis SeTavazeba. es yovelive Zlieri samoqalaqo sazogadoebis Se-

qmnis safuZvelia. (treningebi). rac Seexeba mimarTvianobas, aq msxverpli darwmunebuli

unda iyos, rom igi daculi iqneba rogorc samarTaldamcavi organoebisagan, paralelu-

rad sazogadoebis TiToeuli wevris Tanadgomas daimsaxurebs~.8

`saqarTvelos konstituciis 36-e muxlis meore nawili icavs ojaxur urTierTobebs,

rac gulisxmobs, rom saxelmwifom xeli unda Seuwyos ojaxis keTildReobas. mocemuli

ufleba icavs ojaxs, rogorc aRzrdisa da cxovrebis gaerTianebas, ojaxur mSvidobas.

Sesabamisad umjobesi iqneboda ojaxuri Zaladobis mediaciis SemoReba, rac xels Seu-

wyobda ojaxis SenarCunebas~.9

amitom aucilebelia, am mxriv sazogadoebis cnobierebis amaRleba, ojaxuri Zalado-

bis winaaRmdeg brZolaSi Cabmuli unda iqnes skolebi, umaRlesi saswavleblebi, media,

presis saSualebebi, fsiqologebi, radgan ojaxuri Zaladoba _ es ar aris mxolod ro-

melime konkretuli ojaxis problema, es aris mTlianad sazogadoebisa da saxelmwifos

problema, radgan ojaxi saxelmwifos safuZvelia, rac garkveulwilad qmnis saxelmwifos

_ saxelmwifoSi, maT Soris arsebobs kavSiri da es kavSiria keTildReoba, radgan saxel-

mwifos keTildReoba gansazRvravs ojaxis mdgomareobasa da keTildReobas da piriqiT.

imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom ojaxSi arsebuli Zaladoba moicavs konfliqtur wyvils,

rom umetes SemTxvevaSi msxverpli aris qali, swored am realobam miiyvana msoflio

saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba, rom miRebuli yofiliyo stambolSi `qalTa winaaRmdeg

Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis prevenciisa da aRkveTis Sesaxeb~ konvencia.konvenci-

is qvakuTxedia iseTi sakiTxebi, rogoricaa Zaladobis prevencia, msxverplTa dacva

da moZaladeebze sisxlis samarTlebrivi pasuxismgeblobis dakisreba. konvencia mou-

wodebs sazogadoebis yvela wevrs, gansakuTrebiT mamakacebsa da biWebs, Secvalon maTi

damokidebuleba Zaladobis mimarT. arsebiTad, es aris xelaxali mowodeba qalebsa da

mamakacebs Soris meti Tanasworobisaken. konvencia aRiarebs qalTa mimarT Zaladobas

adamianis uflebebis darRvevad da diskriminaciis formad. es imas niSnavs, rom saxelmwi-

foebs pasuxismgebloba daekisrebaT, Tu isini amgvar Zaladobaze adekvatur reagirebas

ar moaxdenen. aseve aRsaniSnavia, rom konvencia sisxlis samarTlebriv pasuxismgeblobas

adgens mTeli rigi iseTi mniSvnelovani danaSaulebisTvis, rogoricaa qalis gareTa sas-

qeso organoebis `dacveTa~, iZulebiTi qorwineba, devna (gadakideba/akviatebuli devna),

8 guram naWyebia-75 saiubileo krebuli. ivane javaxiSvilis saxelobis Tbilisis saxelmwifo universiteti

iuridiuli fakulteti. gamomcemloba `meridiani~ 2016w. ivaniZe m. ojaxSi Cadenili danaSuli gv.58-59.

9 SalikaSvili m. Zaladobis kriminologia. Tbilisi 2012w. gamomcemloba `meridiani~ gv. 86-87


74

iZulebiTi aborti da iZulebiTi sterilizacia. konvencia saxelmwifoebs mouwodebs,

rom qalTa mimarT Zaladobisa da ojaxSi Zaladobis winaaRmdeg brZolis saqmeSi Car-

Ton Sesabamisi saxelmwifo uwyebebi da samsaxurebi, raTa es problema koordinirebuli

ZalisxmeviT gadaiWras. evropis sabWos yvela wevrma saxelmwifom xeli moawera adamian-

is uflebaTa evropul konvencias _ xelSekrulebas, romelic miznad isaxavs adamianis

uflebebis, demokratiisa da kanonis uzenaesobis dacvas.

75

daibeWda:

gamomcemloba `meridiani~,

Tbilisi, al. yazbegis gamz., #47.

239-15-22E-mail: [email protected]

sisxlis samarTlisaqtualuri sakiTxebi



iuridiuli fakulteti

Tbilisi, 2017

#2

ISSN 2449-3112ISSN 2449-3112