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TAXONOMY QUIZ Show. Taxonomy is the field of biology that deals with the organizing living things into a hierarchy or category that show artificial/ natural and . evolutionary relationships. Systematics or MODERN TAXONOMY. Why Classify?. 20 M unknown species* 2.5 M identified - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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TAXONOMY QUIZ Show
TRUE or FALSE?TRUE or FALSE?Taxonomy is the field of biology that deals with the organizing living things into a hierarchy or category that show artificial/ natural and evolutionary relationships.
Systematics or MODERN TAXONOMY
Why Classify?20 M unknown species*
2.5 M identified
System of Biological ClassificationImportant features:
Universally accepted Placement of organisms into groups has real
biological meaning
TRUE or FALSE?TRUE or FALSE?Taxonomy or Systematics involves three procedures namely classification, identification and nomenclature.
Procedures in Taxonomy and SystematicsIdentification
recognize organism based on…establishment of the organisms traits
Classificationassigning arbitrary categoriesbased on its biological relatedness
NomenclaturePractice of naming based on the rules of ICZN and
ICBN
Taxonomy vs. Systematicsstudy of the theory,
practice and rules of classification
naming, description and classification
study of the diversity of organisms and their natural relationships
encompasses questions of diversity and disparity
Who is the Father of Taxonomy?
Carolus Linnaeus-Invented the sexual system- Published Species Plantarum and Systema Naturae
“ no man has ever transformed science in a way that I have”
How did the naming of organisms STARTED?
16Th centurystart of scientific namingpolynomial LATIN names
Why Latin?scholarship languagedead language
Problems with Polynomial namesDiffers from every scientistorganisms of the same genus (conflict)
What is the universally accepted system of naming organisms?
Binomial System of Nomenclature
-2 part name-Genus and Species-Latin-Can be written in italicized or underlined format
Why is the BSN important in TAXONOMY???
Solanum caule inermi herbaceo foliis pinnatis incisis“ Solanum with smooth stem which is herbaceous and has incised pinnate leaves”
TOMATO: Lycopersicon esculentum
BINOMIAL SYSTEM OF NOMENCLATUREsystem of naming organisms using a two-part
Latinized (or scientific) name
also known as the Linnaean system
first part: generic name (genus), second: specific or trivial name (species).
Latin name is usually printed in italics, starting with a capital letter
POLAR BEARDiscovered by Commander C.J. Phipps
Scientifc name:Ursus maritimus Phipps Ursus maritimus Phipps Ursus Maritimus Phipps Ursus maritimus Phipps ursus maritimus Phipps Ursus maritimus Phipps
Ursus maritimus Phipps
How many CATEGORIES (general categories) are there in the levels of classification of organisms?
SevenKingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus and
Species.
LINNAEAN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
structural similaritieshierarchicalCategory- each level of classificationTaxa/ taxon- specific group in each category
Kingdom
LINN
AEAN
CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM
How did Linnaeus view species???
UNCHANGING or IMMUTABLEdescribed all the things that had been put to earth by the creator
Different views on speciesLinnaean DarwinianImmutable and
unchangingViewed that
organisms are uniquely made
Doesn’t believe in EVOLUTION
ChangingEVOLVINGDescent with
modificationNatural
selection
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Who defined the BIOLOGICAL SPECIES CONCEPT: A gorup of similar individuals that can usually interbreed among themselves and produce a fertile offspring.
None of the above
Steve Irwin
Charles Darwin
Carl Von Linne
Ernst Mayr
CLASSFICATION is BASED on:
Biochemical
Cytological
Embryological
Rituals, habit, diet, way of living
cells
body parts
Protein, DNA
Early developmental stages
Structural
Behavioral
TAXONOMY is also BASED on…Evolutionary lineages/patterns
Homologous vs. analogous structuresFossil records
Popular Methods of Classification
Evolutionary Systematics
Phenetic Systematics
Cladistic Systematics
Evolutionary Systematics
Ernst Mayr (1904) and George G. Simpson (1961)
reflected relatedness as well as morphological disparity (overall similarity)
Phenetic Systematics (1960’s)
overall similarity among organism grouped by a mathematical analysisresults fail to reflect evolutionary relationships James Rohlf, Robert Sokal, and Peter Sneathdelimits variation within and between populations
Cladistic SystematicsWilli Hennig standard method of phylogenetic inference
Objectives:determine the evolutionary histories express it in phylogenetic trees
After knowing the overall similarities
concentrate on only certain characters-those that provide evolutionary information
based on the assumption that two new species are formed by splitting from a common ancestor
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Which BIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION SCHEMES is widely accepted today?
6 Kingdom classification
5 Kingdom classification
4 Kingdom classification
2 Kingdom classification
3 Domain system
3 DOMAIN SCHEME
2 KINGDOM SCHEME
PLANTAE ANIMALIA
4 KINGDOM SCHEME
PLANTAE
FUNGI
ANIMALIA
MONERA
5 KINGDOM SCHEME
PLANTAE
FUNGI
ANIMALIA
MONERA
MONERA
PROTISTA
6 KINGDOM SCHEME
PLANTAE
FUNGI
ANIMALIA
MONERA
MONERA
PROTISTA
ARCHAEBACTERIA EUBACTERIA