Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Tax Cockpit and KPI Definitions
Beispiel
Global Tax Group (GTG)
Tax Cockpit
Tax Cockpit – 1. Dimension: Profitability
Tax Cockpit – 2. Dimension: Liability
Tax Cockpit – 3. Dimension: Risk optimization/Flexibility
6
Relevant Tax KPIs were precisely defined and can be calculated by information from Tax Workbook and other pre systems
Definition of core KPIs
KPIs
effective tax rate present value of taxes present value quota tax on expenses ordinary tax on ordinary earnings extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings volume of current taxes
volume of DTA volume of DTL tax asset and liability quota tax cash flow tax cash flow quota average duration of deferred tax assets average duration of deferred tax liabilities
expected value of tax audit losses volatility of tax audit losses volatility of ETR average expiration of TLCF volume of TLCF tax provisions for risks
Definition
= current and deferred tax expenses / earnings before taxes
= tax year 1/(1+i) + tax year 2/(1+i)2 + tax year 3/(1+i)3 ...
= present value tax / present value EBT
= tax expenses / total expenses
= ordinary tax expenses / total ordinary earnings
= extraordinary tax expenses / total extraordinary earnings
= total amount of current taxes
= total amount of DTA
= total amount of DTL
= deferred tax assets / (deferred tax liability + tax provisions)
= cash flow tax
= cash flow tax / cash flow operations
= (Σ deferred tax assets x remaining time in accounts) / deferred tax assets
= (Σ deferred tax liabilities x remaining time in accounts) / deferred tax liabilities
= probability of expected tax payments x expected tax payments
= standard deviation between exp. loss year 1 and average exp. loss over time
= standard dev. between group ETR year 1 and average group ETR over time
= Σ (yearly amount of TLCF x remaining time) / total amount of TLCF
= total amount of TLCF
= tax provisions for risks
Pro
fita
bil
ity
Liq
uid
ity
Ris
k o
pti
miz
ati
on
/F
lex
ibil
ity
Profitability
Liquidity
Risk Optimization and Flexibility
Content
8
KPI description
Effective tax rate
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Effective tax rate (ETR)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
The globalization of the capital markets requires a generally accepted indicator to assess a company‘s tax position. By using the ETR a comparison of the tax positions of internationally acting com-panies is possible. The ETR is the core KPI for internal and external communi-cation purposes. Its focus is on current as well as on future tax expenses (i.e. deferred taxes).
Definition:
Target figure: 27%
Data source:
TaxWorkBook
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
.
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Current and deferred tax expenses * 100
Net income before tax
[%]
9
KPI description
Present value of taxes
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Present value of taxes
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Der Barwert der potenziellen Steuer-zahlungen prognostiziert und bewertet die zukünftigen Steuerzahlungen über den Planungszeitraum der Gesellschaft und lässt somit zeitraumübergreifende Steuerbelastungsvergleiche unterschied-licher Szenarien zu.
Definition: Target figure:
Die Zielgröße hängt vom jeweiligen Planungsfokus ab. Wegen des profita-bilitätsmindernden Charakters vonSteuern ist generell ein Zielwert von 0 Euro wünschenswert.
Data source:TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
.
x
.
.
x
x
x
Current tax year 1 Current tax year 2
1 + i (1 + i)2
[Euro]
+
10
KPI description
Present value quota
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Present value quota
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Barwertquote setzt den Barwert der zukünftigen Steuerzahlungen mit dem Barwert des operativen Ergebnisses in Relation. Sie enthält somit einen dyna-mischen Deckungsgrad der Steuer-zahlung durch das operative Ergebnis des betrachteten Unternehmens und stellt eine dynamisierte, zukünftige Steuerbelastungsquote dar.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
x
Present value tax *100
Present value EBT
[%]
Data source:TWB,
11
KPI description
Ordinary tax on ordinary earnings
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Ordinary tax on ordinary earnings
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die gewöhnliche Steueraufwandsquote ermittelt die Relation zwischen gewöhn-lichem Steueraufwand und gewöhn-lichem Ergebnis. Sie eliminiert außer-ordentliche Effekte und stellt damit ein Maß für die relative steuerliche „Normal-belastung“ des Unternehmens dar.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
Ordinary tax expenses * 100
Total ordinary earnings
[%]
Ordinary tax expenses = tax expenses without extraordinary taxes (as capital gains tax) Ordinary earnings = EBT without capital gains etc.
12
KPI description
Extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die außerordentliche Steueraufwands-quote stellt die Relation von außerge-wöhnlichem Steueraufwand zu außer-ordentlichem Ergebnis dar. Sie macht die außerordentliche Steuerbelastung durch einmal auftretende Sondereffekte transparent und setzt sie mit dem zuge-hörigen Ergebnisanteil in Beziehung.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
Extraordinary tax expenses * 100
Total extraordinary earnings
[%]
Extraordinary tax expenses = capital gain tax + other extraordinary tax expenses corporate tax + other extra-ordinary tax expenses local tax
Extraordinary earnings = capital gain + tax free revenues - extraordinary expenses
13
KPI description
Volume of current taxes
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Volume of current taxes
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Summe der laufenden Steuern ist die originäre Höhe der tatsächlichen durch Steuerbescheid festgesetzten Steuern, die entweder schon gezahlt wurden oder kurzfristig gezahlt werden müssen. Sie enthält keine rein bilanziell entstandenen Steuerlatenzen.
Definition: Target figure: ... EuroUpper interval limit ... EuroLower interval limit: ... Euro
Kann nicht pauschal festgelegt werden,da abhängig vom Planungsobjekt und von Rahmenbedingungen (z.B. PBT)
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of current taxes
[Euro]
Actual tax payments and increase of tax provisions
14
KPI description
Tax on expenses
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Tax on expenses
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Steueraufwandsquote ermittelt den Anteil des Steueraufwands am Gesamt-aufwand des betrachteten Unterneh-mens. Sie ermöglicht so einen Auf-wandsstrukturvergleich zwischen unterschiedlichen Unternehmen.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
x
Current + deferred tax expenses * 100
Total expenses
[%]
15
KPI description
Volume of current taxes
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Volume of deferred taxes
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Latente Steuern ergeben sich aus der Differenz von Steuerbilanz und Handelsbilanz. Die Veränderung dieser temporären Differenzen zwischen zwei Perioden fließt als Ertrag oder Aufwand in die Gewinn- und Verlustrechnung.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy,
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Volume of deferred differences movement * tax rate
[Euro]
Volume of deferred taxes = movement of DTL – movement of DTA
16
KPI description
Non-tax-deductible expenses (NTDE)
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Non-tax-deductible expenses (NTDE)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
A tax deduction or a tax-deductible expense represents an expense incurred by a taxpayer that is subtracted from gross income and results in a lower overall taxable income, no tax exemption.
Definition: Target figure: ... EuroUpper interval limit ... EuroLower interval limit: ... Euro
Kann nicht pauschal festgelegt werden,da abhängig von gesetzlichen Rahmen-bedingungen
Data source:
TWB, statutory requirements
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
Total amount of expenses, which are not tax deductible
[Euro]
17
KPI description
Tax exempt income
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Tax exempt income
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Many types of income and benefits may be exempt from income taxes to some limited extent, because of how they were received, such as educational scholarships, gifts, inheritances, combat pay to military personnel, income from local bonds, employee discounts, payments for personal injuries, and life insurance proceeds.
Definition: Target figure: ... EuroUpper interval limit ... EuroLower interval limit: ... Euro
Kann nicht pauschal festgelegt werden,da abhängig von gesetzlichen Rahmen-bedingungen
Data source:
TWB, statutory requirements
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of income, for which no taxes have to be paid
[Euro]
18
KPI description
Withholding taxes (WHT)
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Volume of withholding taxes (WHT)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:WHT is an amount withheld by the party making payment to another (payee) and paid to the taxation authorities. The payee is assessed on the gross amount, and the tax to be withheld is computed in that assessment. The purpose of WHT is to facilitate or accelerate collection, by collecting tax from payers rather than a much greater number of payees, and by collecting tax from payers within the jurisdiction rather than payees who may be outside the jurisdiction.
Definition: Target figure: ... EuroUpper interval limit ... EuroLower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of withholding taxes
[Euro]
19
KPI description
Tax credits
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Tax credits
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations: Within the Australian, Canadian, UK, French, and US tax systems, a tax credit is a recognition of partial payment already made towards tax due. This situation arises e.g., when standard rate tax has been deducted at source (WTH), but the tax-payer is subject to further taxation at a higher rate. It also applies in dividend imputation systems. In some countries (e.g. UK), "tax credit" refers to tax treated as deducted at source, which has not actually been deducted or paid.
Definition: Target figure: ... EuroUpper interval limit ... EuroLower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB, statutory requirements
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Mmanagement
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of tax credits
[Euro]
Profitability
Liquidity
Risk Optimization and Flexibility
Content
21
KPI description
Volume of deferred tax assets
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Volume of deferred tax assets (DTA)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Höhe der aktiven latenten Steuern bildet sich aus der Differenz zwischen handelsrechtlichen und steuerrechtlichen Wertansätzen von Bilanzaktiva oder Bilanzpassiva, die zu potenziellen Steuerrückerstattungen in Zukunft führen. Sie stellen somit potenzielle Ansprüche gegenüber dem Fiskus dar.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Upper interval limit ... Euro
Lower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of DTA
[Euro]
∑ (IFRS-value – tax book value per asset) * tax rate, if amount < 0 +∑ (IFRS-value – tax book value per liability) * tax rate, if amount > 0
22
KPI description
Volume of deferred tax liabilities
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Volume of deferred tax liabilities (DTL)
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Upper interval limit ... Euro
Lower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of DTL
[Euro]
∑(IFRS-Value – tax book value per asset) * tax rate, if amount > 0 + ∑ (IFRS-value – tax book value per liability) * tax rate, if amount < 0
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Passive latente Steuern resultieren aus Wertdifferenzen zwischen handels- und steuerrechtlichen Wertansätzen von Bilanzaktiva oder Bilanzpassiva, die zu potenziellen Steuernachzahlungen führen. Sie stellen somit eine zukünftige Steuerlast gegenüber dem Fiskus dar.
23
KPI description
Tax asset and tax liability quota
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Tax asset and tax liability quota
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Das Verhältnis zwischen aktiven und passiven latenten Steuern zeigt die bilanzielle Liquiditätswirkung / das bilanzielle Finanzierungs- bzw. Kapital-bindungspotenzial, das aus den latenten Steuern herrührt. Ist die Quote größer als eins zeigt sie gleichzeitig Abschrei-bungsbedarf der aktiven latenten Steuern an.
Definition:
Target figure: >100 %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
Deferred tax assets * 100
Deferred tax liabilities + tax provisions
[%]
24
KPI description
Deferred tax asset valuation allowances
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Deferred tax asset valuation allowances
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:Companies accrue for the tax benefit expected to be received in future years if, in the judgment of management, it is "more likely than not" that the company will receive the tax benefits. If after conducting the periodic review, management determines that the realization of the tax asset does not meet the "more-likely-than-not" criteria, an offsetting valuation allowance is recorded thereby reducing net earnings and the deferred tax asset in that period.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Upper interval limit ... Euro
Lower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total movement of DTA due to DTA valuation allowances
[Euro]
25
KPI description
Volume of deferred tax liabilities quasi equity
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Volume of deferred tax liabilities quasi equity
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Upper interval limit ... Euro
Lower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Total amount of DTL, which are more like equity than liabilities
[Euro]
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
DTLs can be permanent, and instead of reflecting a future tax payment, the DTL might be more similar to equity. Because many companies are growing andcontinually adding PP&E, the difference in depreciation methods never reverses, and the DTLs related to depreciation are more like equity than liabilities.
26
KPI description
Tax cash flow
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Tax cash flow
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Der Steuer-Cash-flow zeigt den tatsäch-lichen Liquiditätsabfluss durch Steuern im betrachteten Jahr an und dient somit der Liquiditätsplanung. Er gibt an, in welcher Höhe Finanzmittel durch Steuer-zahlungen aus dem Zahlungsmittel-bestand des Unternehmens insgesamt abgeflossen sind.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Cash flow tax
[Euro]
Cash flow tax = current taxes + payments from prior periods – increase of unpaid tax provisions for next period
27
KPI description
Tax cash flow quota
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Tax cash flow quota
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Relation zwischen Steuer-Cash-Flow und dem operativen Cash-Flow zeigt an, welcher Anteil des operativen Cash-Flows durch Steuerzahlungen ver-braucht wird. Sie ist damit ein Indikator für die verbleibende Liquidität der be-trachteten Gesellschaft.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB, SQL
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Cash flow tax
Cash flow operations
[%]
28
KPI description
Cash Tax Rate
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Cash Tax Rate ( Total Tax Contribution)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
A company's overall tax contribution is a measure of the cost of all taxes borne by the company, including labour taxes or contributions borne by the employer, as well as corporate income tax. The Cash Tax Rate adds up all taxes and mandatory contributions borne by the company and expresses the totalas a percentage of profits.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- …
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x x
(Volume of current tax paid + Volume of other Taxes) / NIBT
[%]
29
KPI description
Average duration of deferred tax assets
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Average duration of deferred tax assets (DTA)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die durchschnittliche Bindungsdauer der aktiven latenten Steuern zeigt die durchschnittliche verbleibende Verweil-dauer dieser Aktiva an. Je höher die Dauer ist, um so länger müssen bilan-zielle Passiva (im Regelfall passive latente Steuern) zur Finanzierung dieser Aktiva bereitgestellt werden.
Definition:
Target figure: ... years
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
To be splitted into „affecting“ and„non-affecting“ in the reporting.
Σ (DTA x remaining time in accounts)
DTA
[years]
30
KPI description
Average duration of deferred tax liabilities
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Average duration of deferred tax liabilities (DTL)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die durchschnittliche Bindungsdauer der passiven latenten Steuern zeigt die zeitliche Bindung dieser Passiva an, und damit die zeitgleiche zinslose bilanzielle Finanzierung entsprechender Aktiva. Primär sind hierfür zunächst die aktiven latenten Steuern zu verwenden.
Definition:
Target figure: ... years
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
Σ (DTL x remaining time in accounts)
DTL
[years]
To be splitted into „affecting“ und„non-affecting“ in the reporting.
Profitability
Liquidity
Risk Optimization and Flexibility
Content
32
KPI description
Expected value of tax audit losses/findings
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Expected value of tax audit losses/findings
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Der Erwartungswert gibt den wahr-scheinlichen Umfang der Steuernach-zahlungen aufgrund von Betriebsprüfun-gen an. Er setzt sich zusammen aus der vom Steuerexperten geschätzten Wahr-scheinlichkeit der Inanspruchnahme multipliziert mit der potenziellen Höhe dieser betriebsprüfungsbedingten Nachzahlungen.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Data source:
offen
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Probability of expected tax paymentsx expected tax payments
[Euro]
33
KPI description
Volatility of tax audit losses
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Volatility of tax audit losses
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Schwankungsbreite der Betriebs-prüfungsverluste ist ein Risikomaß zur Messung der potenziellen steuerlichen Nachzahlungen einer Betriebsprüfung. Im Zeitverlauf ist sie ein Indikator der Entwicklung der steuerlich eingegan-genen Risiken / Anerkennungstrends des Unternehmens bei Betriebs-prüfungen.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
...
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
= √ ∑ ( exp. l. year x – average exp. l.)
Standard deviation between expected loss year 1 and average expected lossover time
[%]
34
KPI description
Volatility of ETR
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Volatility of ETR
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Abweichung der ETR von ihrem Durchschnitt im Zeitablauf zeigt die Schwankungsbandbreite der ETR an und ist ein Gesamtindikator der Trend-entwicklung für die Steuerpolitik und die Abweichung vom langfristigen Durch-schnitt des Gesamtkonzerns.
Definition:
Target figure: ... %
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Standard deviation between group ETR year 1 and average group ETRover time
[%]
= √ ∑ (ETR year x – average ETR)
35
KPI description
Volume of TLCF
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Volume of TLCF (Tax loss carried forward)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Summe der Verlustvorträge zeigt die historisch entstandenen, noch nicht ver-wendeten Verluste an. In gleicher Höhe können zukünftig Gewinne verrechnet werden, ohne dass eine Besteuerung eintritt. Das ermöglicht somit steuerliche Flexibilität in der Allokation von Gewin-nen auf einzelne Gesellschaften und beeinflusst die Höhe der laufenden Steuerzahlung.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
Total amount of TLCF (sum of ordinary, state tax and capital losses)
[Euro]
= ∑ TLCF per expiration year
36
KPI description
Average expiration of TLCF
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Average expiration of TLCF
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:Die durchschnittliche Restlaufzeit von Verlustvorträgen zeigt die durchschnittliche zeitliche Dauer an, in der Verlustvorträge als zukünftiges Gewinnverrechnungspotenzial noch zur Verfügung stehen. Je kürzer die durchschnittliche Restgültigkeitsdauer der Verlustvorträge, um so dringlicher die Zuweisung von Gewinnen, da nach Ablauf keine steuerreduzierenden Effekte mehr wirken.
Definition:
Target figure: ... years
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Σ (yearly amount of TLCF x remaining
time)
total amount of TLCF
[years]
37
KPI description
Current expiration of TLCF
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Current expiration of TLCF
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die tatsächliche Restlaufzeit von Verlustvorträgen zeigt die zeitliche Dauer an, in der Verlustvorträge als zukünftiges Gewinnverrechnungspoten-zial noch zur Verfügung stehen. Je kürzer die Restgültigkeitsdauer der Verlustvorträge, um so dringlicher die Zuweisung von Gewinnen, da nach Ablauf keine steuerreduzierenden Effekte mehr wirken.
Definition:
Target figure: ... years
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
remaining time of TLCF
[years]
38
KPI description
Tax provisions for risks
Goal: Satisfactory level of risk optimization and flexibility
KPI: Tax provisions for risks
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Rückstellungen für steuerliche Risiken sind bewertete potenzielle steu-erliche Nachzahlungsrisiken des Unter-nehmens, die jedoch noch nicht den Charakter einer sicheren Verbindlichkeit haben. Sie stellen somit das vollständige monetäre, aktuell bereits ersichtliche und bilanzierungswürdige Ausmaß des Steuerrisikos dar.
Definition:
Target figure: ... Euro
Upper interval limit ... Euro
Lower interval limit: ... Euro
Data source:
TWB
Level:
- legal entity
- group
- country
- region
- SBU
Usage:
- planning
- forecast
- reporting
- ...
Addressees:
- GTG
- Management
- External stakeholders
Frequency:
- monthly
- quarterly
- yearly
Responsibility:
Mr. xy, GTG
x
x
x
x
x
x
x x
x
Total amount of tax provisions for risks
[Euro]
as per IFRS-accounts
BACKUP
40
Effective tax rate (ETR)
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Effective tax rate (ETR)
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Der Unterschied zur „klassischen“ Steuerplanung liegt in der Berechnungsweise der ETR. Dem Gewinn vor Steuern einer Periode wird die Summe aus aktuellem und latentem Steueraufwand gegenübergestellt. Die Dimension der Kennzahl ist damit „%“. Zukünftige Steuerzahlungen und Steuererstattungen gehen über den latenten Steueraufwand bzw. –ertrag in die Kennzahl ein, wobei der Zeitpunkt der Realisation des Steueraufwandes / -ertrages jedoch unerheblich ist. Steuerlatenzen ergeben sich durch Differenzen im Bilanzansatz eines Vermögensgegenstandes oder einer Schuld zwischen Handels- und Steuerbilanz. Diese Differenzen können sowohl dem Grunde als auch der Höhe nach bestehen.Im Unterschied zur „klassischen“ Steuerplanung werden bei der Berechnung der ETR nur Sachverhalte betrachtet, die in der Berichtsperiode oder in vorangegangenen Perioden wirtschaftlich verursacht wurden. Planzahlen sind in der Regel zur Berechnung der Kennzahl nicht erforderlich. Eine Ausnahme hiervon bildet der Ansatz oder die Veränderung von aktiven latenten Steuern auf Verlustvorträge, die nur dann gebildet werden dürfen, wenn eine zukünftige Nutzung zumindest wahrscheinlich (Prognose: „more likely than not“) ist.
41
KPI description
Present value quota
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Present value quota
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Durch gezielte Sachverhaltsgestaltung sowie durch die Nutzung von Wahlrechten und Spielräumen werden Aufwendungen zeitlich vorgezogen, Erträge in spätere Perioden verlagert und Verlustvorträge möglichst frühzeitig genutzt. Der in der Steuerrechnung auszuweisende Gewinn, welcher die Bemessungsgrundlage der Besteuerung darstellt, wird möglichst weit in die Zukunft verlagert. Hierdurch steigt der Kapitalwert einer Investition, da die zu leistenden Steuerzahlungen in stärkerem Maße der Abzinsung unterliegen. Im Nenner der „Present Value Quota“ steht der über den Planungszeitraum erwartete Profit Before Tax, der nach den Maßgaben der IFRS ermittelt und ebenfalls auf den Planungszeitpunkt abgezinst wurde. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine Kennzahl mit einem Wertebereich zwischen (in der Regel) 0 und 1, die im Gegensatz zur ETR den Zeitpunkt der Steuerzahlung und damit den Abfluss liquider Mittel berücksichtigt. Die Ermittlung der Kennzahl zu Planungszwecken ist an die Verfügbarkeit von Prognosen über Ergebnis- und Zahlungsgrößen gebunden. Der Planungsgegenstand ist dabei flexibel zu definieren und kann ein einzelnes Projekt, eine Legaleinheit, einen Geschäftsbereich, regionale / überregionale Aggregate oder den gesamten Konzern umfassen.
42
KPI description
Ordinary tay on ordinary earnings / Extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings
Goal: Maximum of profitability
KPI: Ordinary tax on ordinary earnings / Extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die Aufteilung des gesamten Steueraufwandes in solchen aus laufendem Einkommen und solchem aus außerordentlichem Einkommen ermöglicht eine getrennte Analyse beider Komponenten. Auf diese Weise können steuerlastmindernde und steuerlasterhöhende Effekte, die aus steuerlichen Sonderregelungen für außerordentliche Geschäftsvorfälle herrühren, isoliert betrachtet werden. Dies soll Planungsaktivitäten unterstützen, die nicht das operative Geschäft betreffen w.z.B. Sitzverlagerungen, Akquisitionen, Divestments. Gleichzeitig ist die Steuerquote, mit der das laufende Einkommen belastet wird, frei von Sondereffekten zu erkennen. Planungsobjekte, die hierauf Auswirkungen haben könnten beispielsweise Leasing- oder Finanzierungsmodelle sein.
Die Zuordnung der Ordinary / Extraordinary Taxes zu den jeweiligen Einkünften ist schwierig. Im Prinzip müsste geschäftsvorfallbezogen vorgegangen werden und es müssten die jeweils anzuwendenden „Sonderregelungen“ der Jurisdiktion, in der die außerordentlichen Einkünfte erwirtschaftet werden, bekannt sein. Hilfsweise kann auf die Angaben im TWB zurückgegriffen werden. Dies ist zu Planungszwecken aber nur eingeschränkt zielführend.
43
KPI description
Volume of DTA/DTL / Tax asset and tax liablility quota
Goal: Satisfactory level of liquidity
KPI: Volume of DTA and DTL / Tax asset and tax liability quota
Explanation / Cause-effect-relations:
Die absolute Höhe der DTA / DTL ist zunächst ein Hinweis auf den Grad der Abweichung zwischen der Steuerrechnung in der (den) jeweiligen Jurisdiktion(en) und der Bilanzierung nach IAS/IFRS (qualifizierter würde die Aussage, wenn die DTA / DTL ins Verhältnis zur Bilanzsumme gesetzt würden!). Die absolute Höhe der DTA kann darüber hinaus als Risikotreiber angesehen werden, da durch die Änderungen der Werthaltigkeit der Position steuerlicher Aufwand in Form einer Valuation Allowance entstehen kann. Inwieweit ein solches Impairment der DTA Position erfolgswirksam wird, hängt davon ab, ob jene erfolgswirksam oder erfolgsneutral gebildet wurde. Um über die zukünftigen Erfolgswirkungen der Positionen DTA und DTL Klarheit zu gewinnen, sollen die entsprechenden KPIs nach diesem Kriterium unterteilt werden.Werden die Positionen DTA und DTL ins Verhältnis gesetzt, so kann die sich ergebende Quote als Indikator für die Nutzbarkeit der DTA interpretiert werden. Das Verhältnis zwischen aktiven und passiven latenten Steuern zeigt die bilanzielle Liquiditätswirkung / das bilanzielle Finanzierungs- bzw. Kapital-bindungspotenzial, das aus den latenten Steuern herrührt. Ist die Quote größer als eins zeigt sie gleichzeitig Abschreibungsbedarf der aktiven latenten Steuern an.
44
Effective tax rate
Present value
of taxes
Present valuequota
Tax on expenses
Volatility of ETR
Volume ofCurrent tax
Extra/Ordinary tax on
extra/ordinary earnings
NTDE
Tax cash flow
Tax cashflow quota
Average duration
of DTA / DTL
Volume of DTL
Current expirationof TLCF
Volume of DTL
quasi equity
Expected reversalamount of DTA / DTL
Volume ofdeferred diff movement
Volume ofcurrent tax risks
Volatility oftax audit losses
Average expiration
of TLCF
Expected value oftax audit findings
Tax provisionsfor risks
Volume of TLCF
Tax on DD movem
Volume ofdeferred tax
Tax exemptincome
TaxCredits
WTH
Others
Volatility ofETR
DTLfrom PPA
DTL againstequity
DTAagainstequity
Cash Tax Rate
Volume of other Taxes
Volume ofCurrent tax paid
DTAValuation
allowances
The illustration of the cause-effect-relations of KPIs enables the future users to overview a tax management approach
Cause-effect-relations of KPIs
Volume ofDTA
45
Most of the necessary data to calculate the KPIs stem from the Tax Workbook
Drivers of KPIs - overview
Total Tax Rate
Corporation Tax
Deferred Assets /Deferred Liabilities
Current Tax Losses(volume / expiration)
Local / State Tax
Tax Credits
Current Tax Accruals
Data from TOPAS
Data fromother sources
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
46
Driver tree per TWB category
Total tax rate
Total Tax Rate Increased corporate tax
Tax rates for capitalgains / capital losses
Local tax rate
Corporation taxincl. surcharge tax
Reduced corporate tax
Driver trees do onlyillustrate the cause-effect-
relations; calculation inaccordance with TWB.
47
Driver tree per TWB category
Corporation tax
Corporation Tax Surcharge taxes
Tax creditable
Other modifications
Corporation tax
Capital gain tax
Net income before taxes on income (as per IAS Accounts)
Elimination of profits and losses due to a profit and lossabsorption agreement
Elimination of partnership income received
Non-deductible expenses
Tax-exempt income
Income taxes separately
Capital gains / capital losses in current year
Permanent differences from (sub-) consolidation level
Deductible other income taxes / GewSt
Deductible income taxes / WHT
Tax credits deductible
Tax base transfer received from partnerships
Tax base tansfer received from corporation due to fiscal unity
Tax base transfer transferred as partnerships
Tax base tansfer transferred as corporation due to fiscal unity
Utilization of loss carryforwards
Corporation tax increase / reduction
48
Driver tree per TWB category
Deferred assets / deferred liabilities (volume / average remaining time)
Deferred assets /deferred liabilities
Sundry intangible assets
Assets similar to goodwill
Goodwill
Tangible assets
Financial assets
Inventories
Accounts receivable trade andservices incl. notesAccounts receivable from affiliated companiesAccounts receivable from associatedcompaniesAccounts receivable from otherinvestments
Derivatives, assets
Other assets - except any taxes
Other assets - taxes on income
Other assets - other taxes
Cash / marketable securities
Debt discount
DTA - except tax credits
Other deferred charges
Equity (except NIBT on income)
NIBT on income
Shares in consolidated group companies held by third partiesProvisions for pensions and similarobligationsProvisions for other post-employmentbenefitsDeferred tax provisions - except taxcushions
Deferred tax provisions - tax cushions
Deferred tax provisions - taxes onattributable income
Tax provisions - taxes on income
Tax provisions - other taxes
Sundry provisions
Financial liabilities
Loans payable to social insurances
Accounts payable trade & services
Accounts payable to affiliated comp.
Accounts payable to associated comp.
Accounts payable to other investments
Tax liabilities - income tax
Derivatives, liabilities
Other liabilities
Deferred income
Assets similar to goodwill - depriciation
Sundry intangible assets- depriciation
Tangible assets - depriciation
Financial assets - depriciation
Inventories - depriciation
Others - depriciation
Other taxfree reserves
SOPO §6b EStG (Germany)
Tax liabilities - others
49
Driver tree per KPI
Effectice tax rate
Effective tax rate Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Deferred assets (volume) / deferred liabilities (volume)
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
EBT
50
Driver tree per KPI
Present value of taxes
Present value of taxes
Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Interest
51
Driver tree per KPI
Present value quota
Present value quota
Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Interest
EBT
52
Driver tree per TWB category
Current tax losses (volume)
Current tax losses(volume)
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- local/state tax / GewSt -
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- capital losses -
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- corporate tax -
PROPOSAL
53
Driver tree per TWB category
Current tax losses (expiration)
Current tax losses(expiration)
Expiration of tax credits- local/state tax / GewSt -
Expiration of tax credits- capital losses -
Expiration of tax credits- corporate tax -
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
54
Driver tree per TWB category
Local / state tax
Local / State TaxTax base transfer received fromcorporations due to fiscal unity
Tax base transfer receivedfrom partnerships
Subtractions state tax
Corrections prior year
Add-ons state tax
Tax base transfer transferred fromcorporations due to fiscal unity
Tax base transfer transferredfrom partnerships
55
Driver tree per TWB category
Tax credits (volume)
Tax credits(volume)
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- R&D tax credits -
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- other -
Volume of tax credits (unutilized)- foreign tax credits -
56
Driver tree per TWB category
Tax credits (expiration)
Tax credits(expiration)
Expiration of tax credits- R&D tax credits -
Expiration of tax credits- other -
Expiration of tax credits- foreign tax credits -
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
Expiring in 2006
Expiring in 2007
Expiring in 2008
Expiring in 2009
Expiring in later than 2009
No Expiration
57
Driver tree per KPI
Tax on expenses
Tax on expenses Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Deferred assets (volume) /deferred liabilities (volume)
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Expenses
58
Driver tree per KPI
Ordinary tax on ordinary earnings
Ordinary tax onordinary earnings
Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Ordinary earnings
Deferred assets (volume) /deferred liabilities (volume)
detailed driver tree,see page 48
59
Driver tree per KPI
Extraordinary tax on extraordinary earnings
Extraordinary tax onextraordinary earnings
Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Extraordinary earnings
60
Driver tree per KPI
Volume of current taxes
Volume of current taxes Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
61
Driver tree per KPI
Volume of deferred tax assets
Volume of deferredtax assets
Deferred assets (volume)
Corporation tax
Total tax ratedetailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
62
Driver tree per KPI
Volume of deferred tax liabilities
Volume of deferredtax liabilities
Deferred liabilities (volume)
Corporation tax
Total tax ratedetailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
63
Driver tree per KPI
Tax asset and liability quota
Tax asset andliability quota
Deferred assets (volume) /deferred liabilities (volume)
Corporation tax
Total tax ratedetailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
64
Driver tree per KPI
Tax cash flow
Tax cash flow
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
65
Driver tree per KPI
Tax cash flow quota
Tax cash flow quota Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
Total cash flow operations
66
Driver tree per KPI
Average duration of DTA / DTL
Average durationof DTA
Deferred assets (average remaining time)
Deferred assets (volume)detailed driver tree,see page 48
detailed driver tree,see page 48
Average durationof DTL
Deferred liabilities (average remaining time)
Deferred liabilities (volume)detailed driver tree,see page 48
detailed driver tree,see page 48
67
Driver tree per KPI
Expected value of tax audit losses / volatility of tax audit losses
Expected value oftax audit losses
Probability of expectedtax payments for audit reason
Expected tax paymentsfor audit reason
Volatility oftax audit losses
Probability of expectedtax payments for audit reason
Expected tax paymentsfor audit reason
68
Driver tree per KPI
Volatility of ETR
Volatility of ETR Current tax losses
Local / state tax
Corporation tax
Deferred assets (volume) / deferred liabilities (volume)
Total tax rate
Tax credits
detailed driver tree,see page 46
detailed driver tree,see page 47
detailed driver tree,see page 48
detailed driver tree,see page 52
detailed driver tree,see page 54
detailed driver tree,see page 55
EBT
69
Driver tree per KPI
Average expiration of TLCF / Volume of TLCF
Average expirationof TLCF
Tax credits(volume and expiration)
Current tax losses(volume and expiration)
detailed driver tree,see pages 52, 53
detailed driver tree,see pages 55, 56
Volume of TLCF
Tax credits(volume and expiration)
Current tax losses(volume and expiration)
detailed driver tree,see pages 52, 53
detailed driver tree,see pages 55 ,56
70
Driver tree per KPI
Tax provision for risks
Tax provision for risks
Surcharge taxes
Tax creditable
Other modifications
Corporation tax
Capital gain tax
Tax-exempt income
Income taxes separately
Capital gains / capital losses in current year
Permanent differences from (sub-) consolidation level
Deductible other income taxes / GewSt
Deductible income taxes / WHT
Tax credits deductible
Tax base transfer received from partnerships
Tax base tansfer received from corporation due to fiscal unity
Tax base transfer transferred as partnerships
Tax base tansfer transferred as corporation due to fiscal unity
Utilization of loss carryforwards
Corporation tax increase / reduction
Current Tax Accruals
