TAV Chapter 2

The American RevolutionSection 1

Colonies Fight for their Rights

The French and Indian War

• Struggle over the Ohio River Valley• 1754, Washington • Fort Necessity

The Albany Conference

• 7 colonies met w. the leaders of the Iroquois in Albany, NY in June 1754.

• Iroquois controlled western NY where the French would have to go to get to the Ohio River.

• Iroquois promised neutrality • Albany Plan of Union -Ben Franklin– Proposed that the colonies form a Fed. Govt.-

rejected

British Triumph

• 1755, Gen. Edward Braddock was killed in an ambush about 7 miles from Ft. Duquesne

• Washington was Braddock’s aid• 1756 fighting erupts in Europe• Fall of Quebec• 1763 Treaty of Paris signed• Britain won but was deep in debt

Proclamation of 1763

• Pontiac was still at war w. GB• Oct 1763, King George issues the proclamation• Fighting w. Pontiac ends late in 1765.• Oct 10, 1765 GB finally takes control of the

land won during the French and Indian War– Thomas Sterling

Customs Reforms

• 1763 George Grenville became prime minister and wanted to stop smuggling in order to collect taxes on goods being shipped

• End of salutary neglect• Smugglers to be tried in Nova Scotia– John Hancock defended by John Adams

Sugar Act 1764

• Aka American Revenue Act– Sugar, molasses, and other goods

• Began the cry of, “No taxation without representation.”

• Currency Act of 1764, was to curb inflation– Banned the use of paper money in the colonies

Stamp Act of 1765

• Taxed printed goods and documents• Led to the formation of the Sons of Liberty• Stamp Act Congress– Declaration of Rights and Grievances

• Boycott– Nonimportation Agreement

• Repealed in 1766

Townshend Acts

• Revenue Act of 1767• Glass, lead, and tea

Boston Massacre

• March 5, 1770

THE REVOLUTION BEGINSChapter 2 Section 2

The Gaspee Affair

• June 1772 the Gaspee ran aground

The Boston Tea Party

• Dec. 17, 1773

Coercive Acts

• Port Bill• Massachusetts Government Act• Administration of Justice Act• Quartering Act– 2,000 troops– Gen. Thomas Gage as Gov. of Massachusetts

Terms

• Minutemen• Loyalists-Tories• Patriots

Lexington & Concord

• April 18, 1775 • 700 Redcoats march to Concord to seize rebel

supplies.• Lexington Green 70 Minutemen stand in the

way– 8 killed

• GB lost 99 men w. 174 wounded• Patriots lost 49 w. 46 wounded

Battle of Bunker Hill

• June 17, 1775, British attacked 3 times in order to finally take the hill

Olive Branch Petition

• July 1775, the Continental Congress sent a letter to King George III asking to cease the fighting.

• Attacks on Montreal and Quebec convinced the King that the colonists were not really serious about reconciliation.

Common Sense

• Thomas Paine• Pamphlet that identified the king as a tyrant• Many who were unsure began to side with the

Patriots after reading Common Sense.

INDEPENDENCE

• July 4, 1776• Thomas Jefferson

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCEChapter 2 Section 3

Numbers

• General Howe had 32,000 troops

• Washington had around 230,000 that served– No more than around 20,000 at any one time.

• Advantages/Disadvantages

Trenton / Princeton

• Dec. 25, 1776 Washington leads 2,400 men across the Delaware R. in a surprise attack on Hessian soldiers.

• Later they attack nearby Princeton• Retreat for the winter into the hills of New

Jersey

Fall of Philadelphia

• March 1777 the British set up plans to take out the Continental Congress

• Howe takes Philadelphia but w.out the desired affects.

• Cont. Army winters in Valley Forge, PA. -2,500 men

• Marquis de Lafayette and Baron Friedrich von Steuben train Cont. Army

Saratoga

• Oct. 17, 1777 British troops surrender around 5,000 troops

• Led the French to enter the war on the side of the Americans

• Nathan Hale• John Paul Jones– Richard Bonhomme vs Serapis

• Francis Marion

Yorktown

• April 1781, General Cornwallis marched into Virginia in an attempt to win the war before more French troops arrived

• Sept 28 Yorktown surrounded• Oct 19 the British surrendered 8,000 troops

Treaty of Paris 1783

• Signed Sept. 3, 1783• Nov. 24, the last British troops leave New York

THE WAR CHANGES AMERICAN SOCIETY

Chapter 2 Section 4

Republic

• People elect others to act in their place• The people choose their representatives in

Govt.