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Task force on Agriculture development

INDEX

Sr.

No. Particulars

Page

No.

1 Agriculture 2-36

2 Warehousing 31-36

3 Animal Husbandry 37-51

4 Dairy 52-55

5 Fisheries 56-59

6 Agro forestry 60-61

7 Economics & Statistics 62-79

8 Marketing 80-87

9 Water Conservation 88-99

10 Co-operation 100-104

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Agriculture

1. Executive Summery

As agriculture is the back bone of the country, any change in agriculture sector, positive or

negative has multifold effects on the entire economy. Maharashtra is the second largest state in India

in terms of population and geographical area. Like other states about 55 percent population is directly

or indirectly depends on agriculture. The state accounts for about 11.81% of the India‘s gross

cropped area (GCA) and contributes to 13.31 % of the country‘s gross domestic product (GDP) from

agriculture in 20013-14. The agriculture & allied activities sector contributes 11 % to the state‘s

income. The key issue of this sector in the state is low productivity in food grains as compared to

national and interstate productivity. It is observed that Maharashtra contributed to half the country‘s

production 42% of Jawar, 21% of cotton, 29% of sugarcane and 30% of onion during the year 2013-

14. The state has also emerged as an important producer of important fruits, vegetables and flowers

especially in-house. Major horticultural crops grown in Maharashtra are Mango, Cashew nut,

Banana, grapes, pomegranate, Orange vegetables like Onion, chilli, flower crops like gerbera,

carnations, roses especially under protected cultivation.

Through Maharashtra is one of the richest states in terms of per capita income, its agriculture

performance is not up to the mark. This is mainly due to predominant cultivation of the crops under

rainfed conditions and thereby having its low productivity. The share of different sectors in the state

income is undergoing major changes over the years. The share of Agriculture sector in the state

income was 31% during the year 1961, while the population directly depend on the farm income was

65% . Rapid economic development in the state led to continuous decline in the contribution of

agriculture sector to the state income which was as low as 11% during the year 2013-14, while the

population directly dependent on the farm income is still 55% of the total population. Secondary and

tertiary sector has played major role in the economic development of the state. However employment

continued to perpetuate in the agriculture sector leading to low productivity in this sector.

The Agriculture Policy of the State Government aims at the following:

Development of the sector on a sustainable basis by using the available resources economically,

efficiently, effectively and in an environmentally sound manner with a view to increase farmers

income and production.

to envelope the needs of vulnerable sections, generate both skilled and unskilled employment and

make a positive intervention towards poverty alleviation.

to promote agriculture development on commercial and industrial lines.

to prepare plan of action for full exploitation of the limited water resources.

to improve the working of Agricultural Universities.

to promote farm and infrastructural facilities for post harvest management, storage, transport,

marketing and export to ensure that farmers will get due price for their produce.

to improve the systems relating to Agricultural Produce Market Committees.

Agriculture Development - Issues to be tackled in Mission Mode Approach:

to achieve 4 % growth rate in agriculture and allied sector.

to promote entrepreneurship in agriculture and allied sectors to increase net farm returns in low

productivity areas.

Crop Diversification from low value to high value crops.

Farmers training to promote entrepreneurship in agriculture and allied sector to increase net farm returns.

Soil Health improvement.

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Crop diversification towards horticulture crops and creation of post harvest facilities and processing units

for horticulture crops.

To promote farmers for organic farming development.

To promote farmers for production of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and establishment of processing

industries.

Objectives proposed for Agriculture Development :

Increasing production and productivity of crops.

Timely supply of quality inputs viz. fertilizers, Insecticides, Seed etc to farmers.

Dissemination of technology developed in agriculture and allied sector.

Collection of agriculture and allied data and area, production, productivity through crop cutting

experiments and use of collected data for future planning.

Horticulture development and soil health improvement through Mission.

Use of micro-irrigation system for increasing area under irrigation and productivity of water.

Promotion of Agriculture Mechanization to overcome the problems of labour shortage.

Promotion for Organic Farming.

The Strategy :

Present agricultural production system lacks in aggregation by the farmers themselves leading to rent-

seeking by a long chain of intermediaries. Organized farmers would lead to aggregation of produce to

facilitate linkage to the market through end-to-end projects.

The strategy which has been formulated could be sub-divided into two parts-one which directly

contributes to the accelerated growth while the other which facilitates the processes to achieve the targeted

growth. FFS, cyber extension, in-situ water conservation, seed villages, organic farming, establishing

MSME, storage structures and a re-vamped insurance scheme would largely contribute to the increase in

incomes to the farmers while moving away from programmes to projects, PPP, AIPB, co-operatives,

contract farming, formation of FIG & competitive markets would integrate farmers to the markets as a

result of shift to a market led strategy.

A detailed analysis brings out a hope of possible solutions and policy options to achieve the stated

vision through a set of desired outcomes. The options which emerge out are summarized as follows :

Formation of Crop Specific Groups on the line of Grape Grower Association.

Improving the Flow of Technology.

Bridging Yield Gaps through

- Supply of Quality input supply

- Effective extension for crop production Technology.

- Improving agriculture Research & extension interaction

- Promoting FFS by emphasizing skill transfer to staff as well as farmers

- Emphasizing Soil Health Programme

In-situ Moisture Conservation

- Contour cultivation,

- Strip cropping, Inter cropping, mix cropping

- compartment bunding,

- opening of furrow in standing crop, opening of dead furrow, ridges & tide furrow

- Mulching

Increasing water productivity & improvement in irrigation

- improving irrigation, coverage of watershed, Massive Farm pond programme& Micro irrigation like

drip & Sprinkler irrigation

Integrated farming approach, which includes Horticulture, Dairy & Animal Husbandry, Poultry, Fishery,

Watershed infrastructure etc.

Improvement in Market Infrastructure like Storage

- collaboration with the external agencies

Improvement in Transport & Communication

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- Roads, Rails, Air Transport for Agriculture.

Empowering Farmer through

- Market & Price discovery on Production cost basis

- Training in skills to earn higher income

Preparing for exploiting global opportunities in fruits & vegetables while emphasizing the dual approach

increase in food security.

Outline of the strategy :

Present agricultural production system lacks in aggregation by the farmers themselves leading to rent-

seeking by a long chain of intermediaries. For a market led strategy to succeed, FFS would encourage FIG and

producer companies to get formed. Organized farmers would lead to aggregation of produce to facilitate

linkage to the market through end-to-end projects, PPP and contract farming. This would be a clear shift to a

market led strategy. The options which emerge out are summarized as follows

(a) One End-to-End Project in each taluka :

Government of Maharashtra implements a large number of programmes & schemes almost on any

aspect related to agriculture extension, seeds, plant protection, INM/IPM, watershed development, credit,

insurance and marketing revolving around field as well as horticultural crops. Such schemes start at

sometime, continue for few years, expand to certain areas, reach to certain number of farmers and die down

without leaving much impact. An effort to integrate these interventions in a plan is first time being made

under RKVY wherein states are supposed to innovatively frame a State Action Plan (SAP). Though RKVY

has a clause for formulating end to end projects even by NGOs and private sector, states continue to take up

sectoral interventions without any effort towards integration of all the desired interventions in a given area in

the form of a project. This will have to change to end to end project of a considerable size in each block

during next ten years having all the desired interventions - technology dissemination, farmer‘s group

formation, inputs produced or supplied in a decentralized manner, plant protection, Post Harvest

Management, storage and marketing.

End-to-end projects could be in two formats –

(a) Public Private Partnership (PPP)

(b) Contract farming.

Under PPP mode, State could provide the benefits of all the ongoing Government interventions

through a private player to a big group of farmers provided all managerial inputs as well as marketing

arrangements are made by that player. Private player could be involved in marketing, processing or export

bringing together say 5000-10,000 or even more farmers in a PPP mode. In next three years about 25 lakh

farmers and in next five years 50 lakh farmers would be involved in marketing process through PPP mode.

Under the contract farming arrangement, the terms of contract as now possible to be entered into

under amended APMC Act would dictate the arrangement in which farmers and private player would be

attached. State Government and all the related departments of Government could support such end-to-end

projects.

At least one End-to-End Project in each taluka/block covering not less than 5000 to 10000 farmers

would be established under PPP mode by covering all the initiatives available from technology

dissemination, input & credit supply, storage and finally marketing, such projects would be targeted to

receive project credit to achieve higher IRR.

Discipline of agriculture is sub-divided in to a large number of departments. If a private player intends

to launch a large size project, there is no forum under which all the interventions related to agriculture get

converged. If private investment in agriculture is to be attracted, there should be a forum like – Agri-

Investment Promotion Board where related departments empowered to take a decision on any such

investment project which integrates thousands of farmers to the market – domestic or international – through

retailing, processing or exports are members.

Few examples could be –

launching a branded cotton bale in to the market;

exporting grapes under a brand name;

establishing a chain of organic food;

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or a State-wide network of all varieties of packed mangoes.

Since the negotiating power of individual farmers may be highly limited, formation of groups of

farmers may be the first step in this direction.

( b ) Incentives to Farmers Organizations:

To achieve the ease in technology dissemination through Farmer‘s Field Schools (FFS); to produce

locally or to procure centrally the agricultural inputs including credit; to aggregate the farm produce to achieve

economy of scale in agro-marketing; every farmer would be targeted to be a part of JLG/ SHG/ FIG /FAG/

CIG or a cooperative / Producer Company/Federation by the end of next 10 years in a gradual manner.

Promotion of organizations of at least 10% of the farming community each year would be the goal to be

achieved.

Small and marginal farmers would continue to suffer without a power of aggregation and marketing

being on their side at the hands of intermediaries which would be rent seeking in a given scenario and fleece

the customers along with the farmers. Economy of scale would require aggregation for PHM, marketing,

transport and storage. This would be possible through federations & co-operatives- SHG / JLG / CIG / FAG /

FIG either in cooperative sector or under chapter XI-A of the Companies Act, as producer company. Such

groups & organizations would have to be the starting point for a second green revolution.

Strategy for organizing farmers would start with technology dissemination through FFS which would

help in the formation of various groups. It would lead to the formation of co-operatives & federations due to

support of various interventions through state agencies. It would facilitate market integration through PPP,

contract farming and end-to-end projects due to aggregation of agro-produce with-out any intermediary. There

are 393 FPOs in Maharashtra and it will reach more than 600 FPOs in next 5 years.

(c)-1 Introduction of Cyber Extension:

Common Service Centers (CSC) to be established by Department of IT would be targeted to have a

locally relevant agricultural extension inputs. Through a PPP methodology, all such kiosks would be covered

in the next 10 years as and when they are promoted by various departments including RDD & Revenue

Department. All the farmer‘s organizations would be covered through such an IT based inputs by the end of

next 10 years.

FFS graduated into FIG / SHG / FAG / CIG could well be strengthened through common service

centers (CSC) in their areas which could provide further guidance on continuous basis under PPP through a

system of cyber extension. A good number of models are available through ITC, several NGO‘s and IT

companies which could strengthen this system by providing agri-information on monsoon trends, markets and

technology including crop protection. Since the benefits would be visible to the group, a revenue model can be

developed over a period of time. Information could well be centered around various services like crop

protection, storage availability, transport arrangements and market opportunities. Forward market and Spot

market connectivity could well be tried out at a later stage gradually.

(c)-2 Use of IT in Agriculture :

State has launched a special web-site for agriculture through which daily rainfall, statistical

information, availability and list of producers/distributors of seed, fertilizers and pesticides, etc. is made

available to the farmers. e-governance facilities are available for:

- Farmers Training

- Laboratory Management

- Online registration of input supply

- Online Monitoring of Schemes

- Online registration of grape exporters

(d) In-Situ Watershed Development:

To ensure moisture either through flood irrigations or through watershed development as part of a

grand strategy to achieve the vision should be the next goal to be achieved in the long run preferably by the

end of next 10 years. With only 17% of the cultivable area under irrigation at present and a substantial area

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already covered under watershed, state would have an implementation plan through convergence of resources

under NREGA, various other initiatives of MoRD and Ministry of Water Resources wherein gap, if any,

should be bridged through assistance under RKVY.

More than 80% area being rain-fed, risk mitigation strategy would require a minimum level of

moisture in the soil. Ex-situ watershed development has not been able to reach this stage of moisture

conservation primarily due to inferior level of implementation. Gujarat success story reveals that in-situ water

conservation through farm ponds and check dams have been able to provide necessary level of moisture even

during a year of scanty rainfall. NREGA as well as other initiatives on watershed development by Ministry of

Rural Development provide tremendous opportunity to have massive scale of such structures over a period of

next 10 years which would include graded bunding, contour bunding, CCT and similar in-situ structures.

Saturation of such activities in the shortest possible time for each FIG/SHG should be our aim.

In addition to in-situ water conservation, it is equally important to conserve the existing water

resources, particularly the ground water. It is therefore proposed that the two strategies go together while

implementing a comprehensive water-shed plan for moisture conservation.

Maharashtra state has taken initiative under "Jalyukt Shivar" wherein soil and water conservation

works are being carried out through government schemes as well as through participatory approach. This is

catching wave among the farmers leading to over 74000 works done so far in very short period of time.

(e) Promotion of agro-based micro-enterprises:

Decentralized Units for value addition e.g. dal mills, grading and packing units, at least one for each

producer company would be established through incentives available under MoFP, KVIC, MSME. Where the

producer companies take time to get established, existing farmer‘s organizations would be targeted.

Apart from seed production units based on seed village concept, other critical inputs could also be

made locally available through micro-enterprises (MSME) run by educated youth or group of farmers. These

could well include bio-fertilizers, bio pesticides, small storage structures like cold storages or ware houses,

grading and packing units, grain cleaning units, mini dal mills, oil crushers or similar units depending upon

the local cropping pattern. Convergence with the schemes of KVIC, MoFP, MoA, APEDA, MoRD could

provide incentives under the on-going programmes. MSME are required to be under an established value

chain or a part of end to end project.

(f) Establishment of decentralized storage structures:

Each Village would be linked to a decentralized storage structure, existing or newly established with a

provision of pledge loan through linkage with the banking institutions and spot exchanges (NSEL & NSPOT)

to exploit the opportunities available under Warehousing (Development & Regulation) Act, 2007.

To avoid the distress sale, it is important to have large number of decentralize storage units – either

small cold storages or small go-downs. With the passage of Warehousing (Dev. & Reg.) Act, 2007, it is

possible to get at least warehouses accredited or get the structures attached to such bigger warehouses. Pledge

loan could well be provided through banking institutions or respective marketing boards. This would require

a policy to allow such small structures accredited under the Act. Banks will have to come up with pledge loan

schemes. Post harvest operations will have to be included as a part of agricultural operations qualifying for

interest subvention available for agricultural credit. It would be the beginning of aggregation by farmers

themselves without involving the intermediaries. Maharashtra State Warehousing Corporation is having more

than 14.56 lakh MT storage capacity as on 31 March 2014. This needs to be further strengthened and facilities

need to be created up to grass root level.

(h) Development of competitive markets:

Hierarchy of markets through agro marketing reforms including village markets, farmer‘s market,

private markets, terminal markets would be established at least one in each APMC area over a period of 10

years to provide alternatives to existing marketing system enabling direct marketing and e-trading.

Monopoly of the APMC markets could well be broken through the amendments in APMC Act

enabling private markets, farmers consumer markets and through direct marketing. A hierarchy of

competitive markets could now be established starting from village markets, famer-consumer markets, private

markets, modern terminal markets and e-markets through National Spot Exchange Ltd or NCDEX Spot

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Market. Existing schemes could well be used for multiplication of such markets. Irritants, if any, could well

be removed through policy dialogue with concerned State Governments and private investors.

Maharashtra State took initiative under Direct Marketing of fruits and vegetables in major cities in

Maharashtra. There is a overwhelming response both from city dwellers - purchasers as well as from farmers

as both get better price worth. The Dhanya Mahotsav - a platform for direct marketing made available to

farmers helps them to sell their produce directly to the consumers. This avoids middlemen chain which gives

advantages to both farmers as well as to the consumers.

(i) Incentives for Contract / Organic farming:

Maharashtra State is having 7.51 lakh ha. area under organic farming, of which certified area

is 1.05 lakh ha. A minimum of 10% of the cultivable area would be brought under Low External Input

Sustainable Agriculture (LEISA) preferably under organic farming, not necessarily certified, in the next 10

years primarily in rain-fed areas. Maharashtra has taken initiative to draft Organic Farming Policy.

A minimum of 10% of cultivable area would be brought under contract farming in a PPP mode for the

purpose of organized retailing or agro-processing or agri-exports by incentivizing such projects through the

benefit of convergence of all the ongoing schemes of Central and State Governments.

Contract farming

Maharashtra State has facilitated contract farming by delegating powers to District Superintending Agriculture

Officer to register contract among the parties since 2010.

Yet another method of bypassing APMC markets is through contract farming. Volumes of desired

quality could be aggregated particularly where stringent quality restrictions exist, like organic farming, agri-

exports with Minimum Residue Levels, etc. Produce under contract farming may not attract market cess as

the produce would be procured directly by the contract-assignee. Through convergence of existing schemes,

contract assignee could well get benefited by having a group of suppliers which are being assisted by

technology dissemination, input supply, post harvest infrastructure otherwise available under various on-going

programmes.

(j) Introduction of modified Crop insurance

To mitigate the monsoon and market risks, a farmer friendly crop insurance scheme through private

insurance companies would be introduced for all major crops by the end of next 10 years where the

development cost of insurance product would be shared by the State Government.

Disaster management is an integral part of agriculture and a well functioning insurance scheme is the

only answer. Response to disasters through NCCF and CRF has failed to adequately address to the problem of

agrarian distress due to vagaries of nature. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) even in the

modified version fails to address this issue – indemnity levels are low, threshold levels are unrealistic,

premium rates are high even after subsidy, crop compensation is unsatisfactory. Scheme being an area

insurance scheme amounts to a car insurance scheme when the owner would get compensation only when

certain number of cars also meet accident before the owner gets the compensation.

Reforms in NAIS would move by adopting a strategy under which National Remote Sensing Agency

provides a mechanism to zero down to individual fields and a statistical method is devised to move to a

smallest possible areal unit. Since risks are high, premium would also be high requiring assistance from the

state in a PPP mode so that efficiencies of private sector are harnessed along with avoidance of moral hazard if

the scheme is entirely implemented in public sector.

What is suggested is a gradual shift to an insurance product for all kind of crops where insurance unit

ultimately reaches to the individual field. Since product development of such a nature would take time or such

a product may not be feasible at all, a product development strategy needs to be adopted in collaboration with

the private sector over a period of 5 to 10 years. Since premium rates are likely to be higher, all the outgo on

Disaster Management should be subsumed with the existing NAIS/modified NAIS. Even after such a

measure, insurance product does not get developed with reasonable premium, some other subsidies could also

be curtailed so that one single risk mitigation strategy under crop insurance takes care of agrarian distress due

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to natural disasters. One of the outcomes of our strategy suggests the development of such insurance products

in the next 10 years.

Maharashtra has initiated installation of 2069 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) allover the State

which will help in early prediction on weather to take remedial actions. The weather based crop insurance will

become more appropriate tool for crop insurance in near future.

(k) Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) Through the direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) program, beneficiaries are being given benefits directly,

eliminating of intermediaries and delays in transfer of benefits. It not only gives an identity to every resident

of the country but also becomes a means to effectively target the flow of all benefits and subsidies to the

intended beneficiaries. Though Aadhar, it is possible to ensure that benefits reach the actual beneficiaries and

there is no leakage or diversion of subsidies or benefits.

In Maharashtra state Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) is given for the Micro-irrigation, EGS

Horticulture scheme & schemes under Mission on Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH). Thus

financial assistance of approximately Rs. 1000 Crore in 2014-15 was transferred to farmers through DBT.

State is trying to route almost all subsidy component through DBT in next 5 years.

2. Background The Government of Maharashtra prepared a draft State Agriculture Policy in 1996. The State

Agriculture Department thereafter undergone many transformations. In 1998 three disciplines under

Agriculture Department i.e. Extension & Training, Soil Conservation and Horticulture were amalgamated

under "One Window System". This enabled to redistribute available field functionaries up to grass root level.

Thus Agriculture Assistant is placed at village level looking after 5 - 6 villages.

A High Level Committee was constituted in 2001 under the chairmanship of Dr. M.S. Swaminathan,

former member Planning Commission & UNESCO chair in Eco-technology & Chairman, M.S. Swaminathan

Research Foundation, Chennai to prepare an action plan for agriculture for coming 25 years.

National Horticulture Mission was launched by Government of India in 2004-05. Hence Maharashtra

State Horticulture and Medicinal Plants Board was established in 2005. This board is implementing programes

of National Horticulture Mission and Medicinal Plants Board. Community farm ponds is one of the

interventions which has overwhelming response.

In order to execute mega watersheds, Maharashtra State Watershed Development Project -

VASUNDHARA Watershed Development Agency was registered in 2008.

After the success of Strategic Research and Extension Plan (SREP) Maharashtra was the one of the

pioneer States in executing Agricultural Technology Management Agency (ATMA) in 1999. This work was

made applicable all over India. Thus ATMA is functional in all districts of Maharashtra since 2008. Further

many reforms like Maharashtra Water Sector Improvement Project for Agricultural Support Services

Component was initiated in 2006-07. In order to promote better returns to farmers, Maharashtra State

Agribusiness Consortium (MSFAC) was established in 2005. Today Maharashtra is having 393 Farmers

Producer Organizations.

Maharashtra is also pioneer in adopting hi-tech horticulture since 1993-94. A Model Floriculture

Centre at Rajgurunagar, Dist. Pune and subsequently established Hi-tech Floriculture Centre in College of

Agriculture, Dist. Pune has lead Maharashtra to be a leader in hi-tech floriculture. Contribution of then

Horticulture Training Centre now known as National Centre for Post Harvet Management at Talegaon

Dabhade, Dist. Pune in this endeavour is substantial. Today Maharashtra leads in export of grapes,

pomegranate, flowers grown under protected cultivation. In . . . . Maharashtra has established Floriculture

Park in Pune district. The Post Harvest Management infrastructure created under National Horticulture Boards

schemes is largest in the State.

Maharashtra is also pioneer in adopting micro irrigation since 1986 and today Maharashtra is one of

the largest States in using this technology with an area of 18.87 lakh ha. under micro irrigation. Internet is one

of the fastest are worldwide spread media to communicate huge quantity of information in a fraction of

second. Maharashtra state has its website www.mahaagri.gov.in launched in 1995. Today it is a farmer

friendly tool to access all useful information about agriculture like 9 Agro-climatic zones, rainfall, scheme

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guidelines, organizational set up, crop guide, e-magazine - Shetkari etc. To use ICT further, probably the

worlds largest Close Users Group (CUG) with 14.87 lakh members and under Maha SMS services 13.19 lakh

farmers are registered and 40.16 Crore SMS broadcasted till 23/04/2015. Amongst them 18.69 Crores SMS

are Agri-advisories, the most timely informative means of agri-communication.

Maharashtra State drafted Organic Farming Policy in 2006. Maharashtra is having 83 per cent dry

land area which is a major concern. Hence State has launched Maharashtra State Dry land Farming Mission in

2012.

It must be acknowledged that Government of India's initiative to promote Agriculture development in

most decentralised way through Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana has been very promising in boosting

Agricultural development in Maharashtra. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (CDAP) and State

Agriculture Plan (SAP) has proved to be base line for the development of agriculture and allied sector. The

major initiative under RKVY was Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) which won two

prestigious national awards i.e. e-Governance Award in 2011-12 and Hon. Prime Minister's Award for good

governance in 2012-13. Vidarbha Intensive Irrigation Development Project is one of the initiatives.

In order to have long term policy, vision document was prepared in 2010. "Making small farming

economically viable and thereby accelerating Agriculture Growth in sustainable manner" is the vision

statement of Maharashtra Agriculture.

In order to maintain this pace of development and accelerate agricultural growth in the State,

Maharashtra Agriculture Policy 2015 is redefined to suit current scenario and meet out the demand of

future. This needs to have better Agro-climate prediction with the help of Automatic Weather Stations, in-situ

soil-moisture conservation, use of micro irrigation for more crop per drop, ICT, promoting FO, FPOs, crop

interest groups and their federation. Farm mechanization and its hire purchasing, developing agro-service

providers, promoting on farm PHM and processing, promoting on farm non farm income through Agro-

tourism and most among all transforming Maharashtra to contribute to "Make in India" and be a major player

in Agro-export in the country are few of the areas to work on in near future.

3. Agriculture Policy Government of Maharashtra is committed for overall social and economic development. In order to

make farmer self sufficient and independent, farmer centric agriculture development programmes will be

planned and executed for uplifting economic status of the farmers. Agriculture development should be

sustainable and eco-friendly and accordingly it is planned to utilize infrastructure judicious, efficient and

effectively. Special focus will be given towards the progress of economically and socially backward and

weaker sections and promoting development of skilled and unskilled employment generation especially in

rural areas. It is proposed to promote agricultural development on the lines of Industrialization and

commercialization so that this sector will also be at apex like industry and commerce.

For this Agriculture policy will be as follows.

1. Accelerating the production growth rate and attaining its maximum level by efficient use of natural

resources in the state.

2. Increasing net income of the farmers in the state and thereby making them self sufficient.

3. Exploring limited water resources in the state judiciously & executing measures for efficient use of water.

4. Implementing production and distribution system efficiently for catering special needs of farmers like

seed, fertilizers, pesticides and implements.

5. Investment in agriculture and credit supply is limited and there is need to develop easy and effective

planning and methodology for sufficient and timely supply of credit all over the state.

6. Using fertilizers and pesticides in minimum quantity only when they are required thereby minimizing its

pollution in soil and water and thus restricting adverse effects of these chemicals on agricultural produce

7. After full utilization of irrigation efficiency, most of the area still will depend on rainfall and to stabilize

agricultural production, the programmes like watershed development, efficient use and dissemination of

dry farming technology and measures to increase production of small and marginal farmers.

8. Control on erosion of fallow land and thereby bringing the land under fruit cultivation, agro-forestry &

grass fallow for increase in production and employment generation

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9. to make the Agricultural universities competent and make the agricultural education commercial oriented.

Agricultural research as per the needs of the farmers and increase the level of research and disseminate

new developed technology up to the common farmer.

10. As most of the agriculture in the state is dependent on rainfall, there is no stability in agril. production &

for this strengthening of crop insurance scheme for increase the investment in production and to avoid the

losses under unfavorable conditions.

11. Improvement in methodology of land purchase, sale , distribution and mutation and control on disputes.

12. Employment generation of skilled & unskilled for agriculture and agriculture related profession.

13. Remedial measures for uplift of agricultural labours by agricultural development process.

14. Remedial measures for efficiency of gender and to increase production in agricultural field.

15. Give stress on agricultural development on the farm of tribal, backward class, small and marginal to meet

out social justice.

16. Implement the programme of road transport as per the needs of the farmers.

17. Creation and assistance for infrastructure development for post harvest, handling, storage, transport for

getting remunerative prices to agricultural produce.

18. Creation of minimum basic facilities in agricultural produce market committee and modernize the

facilities. Improvement in the APMC Act and methodology for competitive price for agricultural produce

sale.

19. Sustainable security of food grain and improvement in the quality of nutrients.

Agriculture is connected to every strata in the state. Hence, opinions of representatives of both houses,

other stake holders in the society based on there experience, knowledge, feelings, and instructions need to be

taken in to consideration while finalizing this Agriculture Policy. Also the policies of Government of India,

trends in international agri-business need to be considered. Accordingly Maharashtra State Agriculture Policy

2015 will be finalized.

4. Land Utilization State has 307.58 lakh ha. geographical area out of which 174.733 lakh ha. is net sown area, divided in

to 72 groups and 9 agro climatic zones. Geographically it contributes 39 percent shallow soils and 42.40 per

cent degraded land.

Table : Land Utilization Area in 000 ha.

Details 2012-13

Cropped Area

Net area sown 17473

Area sown more than once 5772

Gross cropped area 23116

Fallow lands Current fallows 1418

Other fallows 1200

Other uncultivated land

Culturable waste land 916

Permanent pastures and grazing land 1245

Land under miscellaneous tree crops and groves 251

Land not available for

cultivation

Barren and uncultivable land 1722

Land put to non-agricultural uses 1456

Area under forest 5207

Total Geographical Area 30758

5. Rainfall Agriculture in the state is mainly rainfed and thus remains a gamble of the monsoons. A major part of

its territory falls on the plateau, where the rainfall is low and highly unstable. Therefore the growth prospect of

agriculture in the state is largely associated with the level and distribution of rainfall. Failure of rainfall

especially at critical stage of plant growth results into drought condition and crop failure, there by creates

severe problems particularly food and economic problems for agriculture community and live stock.

11

Annual average rainfall of the state is 1277.6 mm. The south west monsoon lasts from June to

September. The rainfall is varying and it is as high as 2829 mm in konkan, 998 mm in central Maharashtra,

838 mm in Marathwada and 1101 mm in vidrabha. Agriculture in Maharashtra is not only rainfed but it also

experiences severe draughts. Looking to the last few years experience there occurs drought condition once in 6

years. Nearly 159.23 lakh ha. (52 percent) area in 148 tahsils of 25 districts are draught prone in the State.

Maharashtra has initiated installation of 2069 Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) allover the State

which will help in early prediction on weather to take remedial actions. The weather based crop insurance will

become more appropriate tool for crop insurance in near future. Presently there are 2065 rain gauges providing

rainfall data. Indian Meteorological Department also have AWS and based on their satellite data, monsoon

forecasts are broadcasted. State Government through CUG farmers providing agro-advisories to the farmers so

as to take timely decision about agrarian practices and harvesting and storage of their produce. This is

becoming very useful tool day by day.

12

6. Cereals and Pulses strategy :-

6.1 Food grains :

In view of the present population of the state, requirement of cereals is 132.88 lakh MT and pulses is

15 lakh MT. National Development Council launched a National Food Security Mission with the aim to

increase production of rice, wheat and pulses through area expansion, productivity enhancement and restoring

soil fertility. Food grain production is increased up to 154.13 lakh MT in 2010-11 from 77.44 lakh MT in

1660-61.

(Area- in 000 ha. Production- in 000 MT. Yield- Kg/Ha.)

Crop 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

Rice 1352 1662 1229 1459 2315 1587 1597 2344 1467 1512 1930 1277 1516 2691 1775

Wheat 812 440 542 1063 886 834 867 909 1049 754 948 1256 1307 2301 1761

Jowar 5703 1557 273 6469 4409 681 6300 5929 941 5094 3988 783 4060 3452 850

Bajra 2039 824 404 1534 697 454 1940 1115 575 1800 1087 604 1035 1123 1086

Other

Cereals

414 254 614 451 340 754 432 443 1025 664 544 819 1069 2749 2575

Total

Cereals

10320 4737 459 10976 8647 788 11136 10740 964 9824 8497 865 8985 12317 1371

Tur 627 271 432 644 319 495 1004 419 417 1096 660 602 1302 976 750

Gram 310 87 281 410 137 335 668 355 532 676 351 519 1438 1300 904

Moong -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 714 244 341 554 372 672

Udid -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 574 205 357 482 329 682

Other

Pulses

1629 319 196 1661 369 222 1585 667 421 497 177 356 262 119 455

Total

Pulses

2566 677 264 2715 825 304 3257 1441 442 3557 1637 460 4038 3096 767

Total

Food

grains

12886 5414 420 13691 9472 692 14393 12181 846 13382 10133 757 13023 15413 1183

The area under cereal crops which was 103.20 lakh ha. in 1970-71 has substantially reduced to 67.53

lakh ha. in 2014-15. This was deliberately diverted to minimized risk of blackening of kharif jowar produce,

which was a common risk. The diversion or crop shift was in soybean which was negligible and has reached

to 38.01 lakh ha nad pulses which was 25.66 lakh ha. in 1970-71 has gone to 31.43 lakh ha. Maharashtra State

is having kharif dominant cropping pattern which is solely dependent on monsoon. The vagaries of nature

coupled with light and shallow soils restrict the productivity of cereal crops. Hence Maharashtra Pulses

Mission was launched in 2010 to project Maharashtra as pulse bowl of India. national Food Security Mission

(NFSM), Accelerated Pulses Production Programme (A3P) also helped to boost pulses production. Now new

interventions like in-situ moisture conservation, use of BBF planter, introduction of hybrid tur on farm bunds,

promotion of gram in rabi season, adoption of CROPSAP have proved to be useful tools. This has resulted in

to increasing pulses productivity from 264 kg/ha in 1970-71 to 462 kg/ha. in 2014-15. The major initiative

under NFSM, A3P, CROPSAP, led to two prestigious national awards i.e. e-Governance Award in 2011-12

and Hon. Prime Minister's Award for good governance in 2012-13. Under National Food Security Mission

Maharashtra was awarded successively for 4 years since 2008-09 for best performance in pulses, Krishi

Karman Award in 2010-11, praised for performance in paddy (2012-13) and pulses (2013-14).

13

7. Oil seed :-

Oilseeds production is increased up to 20.99 lakh MT in 2000-01 from 7.53 lakh MT in 1970-71. In 2010-11

oilseed production has also shown tremendous progress and reached up to 50.26 lakh MT. (Area- in 000 ha.

Production- in 000 MT. Yield- Kg/ha.)

Crop 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

Groundnut 904 586 649 695 451 648 864 979 1132 490 470 958 395 470 1290

Soybean -- -- -- -- -- -- 201 190 947 1142 1266 1109 2729 4316 1581

Safflower 406 102 252 480 174 363 634 258 408 296 122 412 173 94 544

Other

Oilseeds 408 65 159 605 103 170 1127 455 404 631 241 382 331 176 532

Total

Oilseeds 1718 753 438 1780 728 426 2826 1882 666 2559 2099 820 3628 5026 1594

By and large the traditional oil seed crops in Maharashtra show substantial decreasing trend. Area under ground

nut has reduced to one third, safflower reduced by one fourth as compared to 1970-71. How ever, soybean has become

major player with substantial area which has also greatly replaced kharif cereals. Attempt to introduce oil palm in coastal

Maharashtra are being made. It is proposed to maintain area under traditional oil seed crops and restore from declining

trend.

36 33 33

43

18

50 45 52 48

21

123 104 89

114 83

Cereals

(Lakh MT. )

(Lakh MT. ) 31

23 24 32

15

Pulses

Oilseeds

Cotton Productio

(Lakh MT. )

(Lakh MT. )

14

8. Cash crops :- Cotton and Sugarcane are major cash crops in the State.

(Area- in 000 ha. Production- Sugarcane in 000 MT. and Cotton in lakh bales Yield- Kg/Ha).

Crop 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11

A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y A P Y

Sugarcane 167 14433 86531 258 23706 91742 442 38154 86400 595 49569 83267 965 85691 8865

Cotton 2750 484 30 2550 1224 82 2721 1875 117 3077 1803 100 3942 7423 322

Note: (Sugarcane yield in M.T).

Sugarcane

Sugarcane is water loving crop and 2 per cent area consumes almost 40 per cent of irrigation.

Sugarcane area under micro irrigation is 2.06 lakh ha. Thus there is need to bring approximately 7 lakh ha.

area under micro irrigation. Hence, State has taken policy decision to bring complete sugarcane area under

micro irrigation in 5 years. Judicious use of water also helps to improve soil conditions. Integrated nutrient

management (INM) along with trash management programme is promoted.

Emphasis is being given to utilize quality planting material through seed nurseries of tissue cultured

seedlings. It is proposed to develop tissue cultured sugarcane planting material‘s nurseries alover the state in

next 5 years in such a manner that 100 per cent sugarcane area will have quality planting material from tissue

cultured plantlets.

Sugarcane harvesting is a laborious work and timely harvesting helps in getting better recovery

percentage. Hence mechanized sugarcane harvesting through hire purchase of sugarcane harvester is being

promoted.

Sugarcane production is increased up to 896.66 lakh MT in 2014-15 from 144.33 lakh MT in 1970-71.

In 2010-11 Sugarcane production has also shown increasing trend and reached up to 856.91 lakh MT. With

these interventions it is proposed to achieve productivity of 100 MT / hain next 5 years.

Cotton

In Maharashtra, Bt cotton is predominant with almost 98 per cent area under Bt cotton. Though this

transgenic technology helped farmers to boost their cotton production, over a period some limitations of this

technology started questioning its suitability. Seed prices was one of the constraints. The growing insect

resistance, led to need for development of BG II type. More over in Maharashtra cotton is grown on light and

shallow soils. The endurance of desi cotton cultivars is better than Bt cotton.

High Density Planting System

The new trend based on Brazillian technology, High Density Planting System (HDPS) is gaining

popularity in its initial 2-3 years. Thus this technology is being promoted in the State under the guidance of

National Cotton Research Centre, Nagpur and State Agriculture Universities. It is proposed to bring at least

20% of total cotton area under HDPS technology in next 5 years. For this purpose, seed production

programme of promising HDPS varieties will be undertaken to cater seed demand.

Mechanized Cotton picking

Cotton picking is one of the labour consuming tasks and non availability of labours in peak season and

untimely rains can damage cotton harvest. It is necessary to promote mechanical cotton harvesting with clean

cotton. Few efforts are being made under PPP cotton wherein emphasis is being given on high density, use of

drip irrigation, BBF planter, use of INM and plant growth regulators, IPM etc. National Research Centre for

Cotton, Nagpur has developed machine for cotton picking. This and other cotton picked in market are being

tried for clean cotton picking through PPP.

Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project

It must be noted that under Scientific Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP)

being implemented in the State since 2007, has helped to control outbreak of pests and disease of major crops

in Maharashtra including cotton. This initiative under RKVY was well appreciated at National level and won

prestigious Nation e-Governance Gold Award in 2014-15. Now CROPSAP is being adopted on other States

like Gujrath, Orissa as recommended by Government of India.

15

Vidarbha Intensive Irrigation Development Programme (VIIDP)

Vidarbha Intensive Irrigation Development Programme (VIIDP) under RKVY has given emphasis on

creating protective irrigation facilities through farm ponds and micro irrigations. Cotton area under micro

irrigation is 2.42 lakh ha. against normal 33.56 lakh ha. normal cotton area. It is proposed to bring 5 lakh ha.

area under micro irrigation in Vidarbha region and another 5 lakh ha. area in other cotton growing areas of

Maharashtra in next five years.

Farm ponds under RKVY have proved to be useful tool for life saving irrigation. There are 73328

farm ponds constructed and it is proposed to have farm pond along with micro irrigation.

BBF planters

BBF technology has proven very useful in crop production. There are 18000 planters in the State.

There is need to have substantial BBF planters in the State. It is proposed to have one lakh BBF planters in

next 5 years.

Processing of cotton seed and stalk

Processing of cotton has tremendous scope. Cotton seed yields oil as well as seed cake which can be

utilized as animal feed. Cotton stalk has better calorific value and is good source as fuel. Cotton stalk

briquettes as fuel as well as substrate for nutrient application is another use. Cotton stalk is also having better

tensile property and is good source for particle board. Area under cotton cultivation in Maharashtra can yield

approximately 40 lakh MT cotton stalk which if converted in to particle board can have turnover of approx.

Rs. 20000+ Crores. It is therefore proposed to promote at least one such processing unit in every cotton

growing region in next 5 years.

Cotton production is increased up to 88.34 lakh bales in 2013-14 from 1673 lakh bales in 1960-61.

Although rainfed crop, with introduction of Bt, clean cotton campaign, micro-irrigation, improved seed and

technology dissemination its production has boost up to 7423 lakh bale in 2010-11 and it is proposed to

achieve cotton productivity of 750 kg (lint) per hectare in next 5 years with these components.

9. Horticulture Maharashtra State is on the front in implementing new techniques in respect of Horticulture crops as a

result the state is emerging as a Horticulture state. Horticulture is an allied activity under Agriculture sector,

participation in which not only results in incremental income to the cultivators but also in generating

employment in rural areas. There are in all 9 agro-climatic zones in the state. The diversified climate & soil

conditions are suitable for a wide range of, fruits, vegetables, spices, condiments and flowers are grown.

Various fruit crop organizations like Maharashtra Rajya Draksha Bagayatdar Sangh (MRDBS) have displayed

the name of Maharashtra State on the world map. Promotion for Medicinal crops through special mission has

been launched by Govt. of India. From 2005-06, National Horticulture Mission is being implemented for

increasing production and productivity, promotion of crop diversification, self employment, Post Harvest

Management and export. Export of grapes, mango, vegetables & flowers has increased. The growth rate of

the agriculture and allied activities sector was 7.7 per cent at constant (2004-05) prices during 2013-14 as

against 0.5 per cent in the previous year. The share of this sector was 11.3 per cent in GSDP at current prices

in 2013-14 while its share in employment was 52.7 per cent as per Census 2011. The proportion of cultivators

in total workers has slightly increased from 24.7 per cent (Census 2001) to 25.4 per cent (Census 2011). The

proportion of small and marginal farmers was 78.6 per cent as per Agriculture Census 2010-11.

Total Geographical area of Maharashtra State is 307.58 lac hectare out of which 225.56 lakh hector is

under cultivation. Since 1990-91 the area under fruit crops has increased rapidly, which was 2.25 lakh ha

during the year 1990-91 and reached 18.36 lakh ha. by the end of 2014-15. Nearly 25 lakh ha. (11% ) of the

gross cropped area was 231.16 lakh ha while the net area sown was 173.44 lakh ha (56.4 per cent). is under

horticulture crops. The area under vegetable has also shown increasing trend and it reached 4.72 lakh ha.

Floriculture area is 0.18 lakh ha. and spices 2.10 lakh ha . The current growth rate of agriculture sector is 3.5

% & it is targeted to 4% in which horticulture crops has greater contribution of 6% .

16

Maharashtra State is on the front in implementing new techniques. Considering the development in

respect of Horticulture crops in past few years the state is emerging as a Horticulture state. Export of grapes,

mango, vegetables & flowers has increased.

Fruit crops:-mango, grapes, pomegranate, banana, papaya, orange, sweet orange, cashew, chikku,

guava etc.

Vegetable:- onion, tomato, brinjal, bhendi, potato, beans, peas, capsicum etc.

Flower crops:- rose, marigold, chrysanthemum, aster, carnations etc.

Out of total fruit crops maximum area (35%) is under mango followed by citrus fruits (22%), cashew

(11%), pomegranate (9%) & banana (5.5%).

Horticultural Export

Sr. No. Fruit Crop Present Export (lakh MT) Export in next 3 Years (lakh MT)

1 Pomegranate 0.20 0.60

2 Grape 1.50 4.50

3 Mango 0.35 1.00

Residue Monitoring In Grapes

To promote grape export to European Union, state has taken lead for monitoring of Pesticide Residue

monitoring Plan for export of Grapes .Every year 23000 grapes growers are registered under GrapeNet

through Online system. Activities from farm registration to Export certification all are monitored through

GrapeNet online system . 98 % grapes are exported from Maharashtra as compared to India . during

2012-13 export of grape ie 172765 MT ,In 2013-14 highest export of grape ie 192000MT ,Maharashtra

contribute 98 % share .

With success of grape-net system , Anar-net for Pomegrante and winenet for Wine grapes is

implemented in state for monitoring of pesticide residues for Export .Considering the area under vegetable

and potential for export VegNet system for residue monitoring is under process . For testing of pesticide

residues in fruit and vegetable Pesticide Residue Testing Laboratories with NABL accreditation are

established at Pune and Nagpur for the purpose of domestic and export.

For promotion of Mango export to European Union and other countries , Mango net is implemented in

the State from 1st January, 2015 . during 2015 season 2147 mango growers are registered under mango net for

export . Training are given to the registered mango growers and field staff with the help of State Agriculture

Universities scientists.

Geographical Indication Registrations

Geographical Indication is an Intellectual Property Right to the Community which is involved in

creation of unique product that particular region.

Nashik Grapes, Mahabaleshwar Strawberry and Kolhapur jaggery (Gul) are the only three products

which are registered from Maharashtra State in agriculture sector

GI registration for major 13 Horticulture Crops proposed in the state- during 2014-15: Ratnagiri

Alphonso Mango, Onion form Lasalgaon, Banana form Jalgaon, Brinjal from Jalgaon, Saswad Fig,

Solapur Pomegranate, Turmeric from Sangli, Raisin from Sangli, Mosambi from Jalna, Custard apple

from Beed, Keshar Mango from Latur, Cashewnut from Vengurla, Gholwad Chikoo

10. Horticulture Planting Material At present, there are 1371 nurseries functioning in the state, which includes 134 Government, 42 State

Agricultural Universities` and 1195 registered private nurseries. Total area of government nurseries is 8372

ha. Out of that, 2775 ha. area is under tree orchards & mother tree plantation. The grafts/seedlings are

prepared from the mother trees and supplied to the needy farmers.

The present need of grafts & seedlings is 160 lakhs per year and about 800 lakhs for five years. The

deficit of about 60 lakhs per year is made available from private registered nurseries.

17

The main object of the Govt. nurseries is to supply the good quality planting material of various

fruit crops to the farmers.

Nurseries plays an important role in development of orchards in Maharashtra. Maharashtra is a

leading state in nurseries and horticultural crops. The Nursery Regulation Act is in force in the state by which

it is possible to control the quality of planting material given to farmers.

Though Maharashtra has achieved self sufficiency in terms of horticultural planting material, there is

need to increase planting material of specific crops like pomegranate, aonla etc. National Research Centre for

Pomegranate, Solapur has developed protocol for tissue culture of pomegranate, while NRC for citrus has

protocol for citrus. It is proposed to have tissue cultured planting material of pomegranate in next 5 uears.

Banana is also a major fruit crop of Maharashtra. Though there are many tiisue culture companies

producing, it is essential to have virus free planting material along with certification. It is proposed to bring

100 per cent banana plantation under tissue cultured crop in next 5 years.

Vegetable seedling nursery is also a upcoming business. Area under vegetables in Maharashtra is 5.50

lakh ha. Besides this vegetables especially exotic vegetables cultivation under protected as well as in open

field is gaining popularity. It is proposed to promote Vegetable seedling nurseries at district level.

11. Farm ponds Implement Farm pond programme on large scale to provides irrigation for horticulture crop.

Uncertain rains affect the production & productivity of dry land horticulture crops. Maharashtra solely

depends on monsoon as irrigation projects could bring maximum 19 per cent area under irrigation and some of

the studies indicate that it could not increase beyond 25 per cent due to topography and bed rock pattern.

Further, limitations of power supply, especially in Summer is also a limitation for irrigation. In order to get

sustainable production from rain fed horticulture crop, it is necessary to strengthen the available irrigation

sources & to implement the farm pond programme on large scale. There are 13700 Community Farm Ponds

completed under National Horticulture Mission. However, there is overwhelming response and demand from

farmers. It is proposed to construct 12500 community farm ponds in next 5 years are planned. Funds may be

provided from Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) sector as irrigation will always be limiting factor in

Maharshtra.

12. Micro irrigation: Micro-irrigation especially Drip irrigation plays an important role in ensuring efficient use of water by

improving quality of produce and reducing cost of cultivation. In view of these advantages, drip irrigation has

become very popular amongst orchard growers, especially in the areas where water availability is limited. In

order to encourage farmers to adopt this irrigation system, Government of Maharashtra is assisting farmers

since 1986 for installation of drip irrigation sets.

Sr. No. Crop Present area (Lakh ha.) Proposed area in next 5 years(lakh ha.)

1 Sugarcane 2.06 8.00

2 Cotton 2.42 5.00

3 Grape 0.96 1.00

4 Orange 1.01 2.00

5 Banana 1.03 1.15

6 Pomogranate 1.09 2.00

Maharashtra state has remained very receptive in adopting modern practices / technologies. State

Govt. has implemented micro-irrigation on large scale during last three years. Since 1986-87 state has

implemented scheme for micro-irrigation. After 1991 centrally sponsored micro-irrigation scheme has been

implemented with the state share. The total area under micro-irrigation up to march 2013 is about 16.03 lakh

ha. out that 11.77 lakh ha. comes under drip irrigation and 4.26 comes under sprinkler irrigation.

18

Maharashtra State government has taken policy decision to cover entire area under sugarcane

cultivation to be brought under micro irrigation in five years. Attempts are being made to cut down the cost of

micro irrigation by inviting global players through e-tender process.

13. Controlled cultivation:-

Maharashtra State is leading in area under protected cultivation. Model Floriculture Unit,

started two decades back, and hi-tech floriculture unit at College of Agriculture, Pune, and Fruit

Research Centre, Himayatbag Aurangabad, Horticulture Training Centre (now known as NIPHT),

Talegaon has lead to commercial horticulture through controlled cultivation. Floriculture Park at

Talegaon, Dist. Pune is land mark in the country.

Crops like roses, gerbera, carnations, exotic vegetables are being cultivated under controlled

cultivation. Capsicum under shed net is changing economy of farmers in dry land areas like Jalna

district.

IÉäjÉ -±ÉÉJÉ 0.003 0.17 1.58

9.62 16.0

2 17.5

2

Total area under Micro irrigation - 16.03 Lakh ha. (

2013-14)

( Drip - 11.77 Lakh ha.þ. , Sprinklers - 4.26 (Lakh ha )

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Veg

etables

Cotton

Sugarcane

Pomegranate

Banana

M. orange

Grapes

Other crops

Area (Lakh ha.)

19

Sr. No. Particulars Present No. Planning for next 5 years

1 Green House 1934 2500(500 per year)

2 Shed Net House 2175 2500

14. Organic farming Maharashtra is leading state in adopting organic farming. Since the year 2002-03 schemes for

promotion of organic farming were initiated, apart from centrally sponsored schemes/ missions, Maharashtra

has initiated their efforts through department of Agriculture, NGOs, Farmers groups, progressive farmer and

Contribute the Organic movement in the Maharashtra. More than 7.51 lakh ha. area is covered under Organic

farming, out of which 1.50 lakh ha. is certified area & 0.45 lakh ha. area is under conversion. In the state

there are 17708 Organic farming groups growing crops like Jowar (1.12 lakh ha.), Bajara (1.05 lakh ha. ),

Soybean (0.87 lakh ha.), Cotton (0.85 lakh ha.), Pulses (0.78 lakh ha.), Paddy (0.63 lakh ha.), Vegetaibles

(0.72 lakh ha.) and 1.49 lakh ha. area is under horticultural crops. Agencies like ECOCERT, NOKA,

CONTROL UNION are engaged in certification of organic farming in the state.

There are 17708 Organic groups, out of which 1683 groups are certified. These groups includes

3,68133 farmers, constructed 1.51 lakh vermi-compost units and 3.52 lakh Bio-dynamic compost units.

To promote the Organic farming, Government of Maharashtra has declared the organic policy in the

year 2013-14. State has decided to cover 10% cultivable area under Organic farming and 25% cultivable area

under usage of organic input for the next five years. Special efforts are going to be made to set up independent

organic farming department in Agriculture Universites, Along with this certification through PGS system,

involvement of women-farmer in the Organic farming, development of website is supporting this activity.

A minimum of 10% of the cultivable area would be brought under Low External Input Sustainable

Agriculture (LEISA) preferably under organic farming, not necessarily certified, in the next 10 years primarily

in rain-fed areas.

15. Contract farming /FPO/ producers company Under the contract farming arrangement, the terms of contract as now possible to be entered into

under amended APMC Act would dictate the arrangement in which farmers and private player would be

attached. State Government and all the related departments of Government could support such end-to-end

projects. On one end, Department of Agriculture is bring the farmers together in the form of Farmer's Interest

Group (FIG), Farmer's Activity Group (FAG), Commodity Interest Group (CIG) or a simple Farmers - SHG.

Such Groups could easily be federated either into a cooperative or a Farmers Producer Company.

Specialised plnatations like vine grapes, tapioca, oil palm, tree plantations for pulp and timber purpose,

plantation of medicinal crops can be undertaken through such FPO.s Besides this there can be tie up of such

farmers groups with processing industries to whom raw material can be catered.

Chapter XI A of the companies Act since 2002 makes it possible to have such producers companies.

Large number of such institutions would create an eco-system in which PPP contact farming and end-to-end

projects could easily come up. There is need to promote contract farming on large scale.

There are 393 FPOs in Maharashtra and it will reach more than 600 FPOs in next 5 years.

16. High density plantation

Crop geometry plays important role in crop production. In horticultural crops, large canopy makes

plant protection and harvesting difficult. Hence, new planting system with closer spacing and smaller

canopy has been introduced. The plant growth can be altered and controlled by using suitable root stock,

training and pruning or by use of growth retardants. Meadow orchard in guava is becoming popular in

Maharashtra.

20

Cotton is major cash crop of Maharashtra with approx. 40 lakh hectare area under its cultivation. High

Density Plantation of desi cotton varieties based on Brazillian technology is gaining popularity. This

technology is being promoted in the State under the guidance of National Cotton Research Centre, Nagpur

and State Agriculture Universities. Desi cultivars have better soil and climate adoptability than Bt cotton

and fetch little more price. This technology is also being adopted in mango using dwarfing root stocks.

ICAR trials with amrapali, mallika varieties are promising.

It is proposed to bring at least 20% of total cotton area under HDPS technology in next 5 years. It is

proposed to bring 5000 ha. area each under high density guava and mango plantation in next 5 years.

17. Hydroponics fodder and vegetables production

Fodder is one of the crucial inputs in sustenance of dairy sector and farm animals. As per 19th

Animal Census, 2012-13, there are 186.26 lakh farm animals. The fodder requirement at the rate of 7

kg/animal / day, is 469.38 lakh MT per annum. In last few years, there is a large scale replacement of

kharif jowar with soybean that has reduced fodder availability to some extent.

The vagaries of nature like delayed monsoon, dry spells, excessive rains etc. leads not only to

crop damage but also availability of fodder is questioned. Hence it is essential to have sufficient

fodder production as well as its buffer stock. The issue of fodder is more in focus in the situation of

drought and as such fodder production can only be taken in limited areas where there is availability

of water. Hydroponics fodder production technology is developed by ICAR, Goa unit which enables

lush green fodder production in just 10 days. Besides this it can provide daily green fodder

production of One metric tone per day from just 250 sq.ft. area. It also requires very little quantity of

water as compared to field level production due to multi-storied and protected cultivation. This being

assured source of quality green fodder production on daily basis and full of nutrients, makes this

technology water, space and time efficient. It is therefore essential to promote this technology on

large scale.

18. Skill Development in Agriculture :- Agriculture is a vast field and there is vast scope for skill development. This could be for improving

crop production, value addition, better farming system approach, on farm non farm income like Agro-tourism,

Supply Chain Management,

There is tremendous scope in the field of Horticulture, Soil and Water Conservation, Animal

Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Sericulture, Farm forestry, Agro-processing, Organic farming, Poultry, Seed

production, Azola production, mushroom production, production of medicinal and aromatic plants, silage

storage, FPO formation, Farm machineries and its use Specialized services lending etc. Bamboo processing is

one of the entrepreneuring enterprise which can build prosperity to rural communities. Bamboo based low cost

poly houses are mushrooming in North Eastern States and can be economically viable venture. Beside this

there is lot of scope for agricultural waste management like banana pseudo-stem fibre, particle board from

cotton stalk, sugarcane. Paddy straw and husk do have economic value and could fetch additional income to

the farmers.

Maharashtra State has Vasantrao Naik State Agriculture Management Training Institute

(VANAMATI) as apex body for imparting training to Government officials with 7 regional training institutes

(RAMETI) which impart training to field functionaries. These trained officials in turn impart training to

farmers. Besides this there are 231 Agri-Polyclinics situated at Taluka level and this infrastructure can also be

used for imparting training to farmers at taluka level. National Institute of Post Harvest Technology (NIPHT)

situated at Talegaon Dabhade, Dist Pune is one of the renowned training institute regarding poly house

culture, Post Harvest Management etc. Hi-tech Floriculture Centre‘s at Agriculture College, Pune and Fruit

Research Station, Himayatbag, Aurangabad are also training centre‘s for protected cultivation. Community

Canning Centre, Aurangabad imparts training regarding post harvest management and processing of food,

fruits and vegetables etc. 4 State Agriculture Universities and specially established Centre of Excellence -

Alfonso mango at Dapoli, Kesar mango at Himayatbag, Aurangabad, mandarin orange at Agriculture

21

College, Nagpur, Pomegranate at Rahuri. also impart training. Besides this Krishi Vidnyan Kendras (KVKs)

are also resource centres for imparting training.

Maharashtra Council of Agricultural Education and Research (MCAER) formulized and implemented

short and medium term training programmes based on minimum skill. They were regarding nursery

management, orchard management, flower arrangement, poultry, goatry, dairy, rabbit farming, drip irrigation

maintenance etc. These courses were closed in due course of time and need to be restarted. The constraint of

funds if any can be met out through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds. This will boost agricultural

development.

Out of the 11 Crore population of Maharashtra more than 55 per cent resides and depends direct or

indirectly on agriculture and allied sectors. Promoting Skill development especially for rural youths will not

only minimize migration from rural to urban areas. Also better opportunities at local level will bring happiness

to rural families. It is therefore essential to shortlist region specific agro-based activities wherein there is scope

for entrepreneurship through skill development. The identified sectors can be promoted by availing proper

know-how from National - State level Research institutes like NRCs, SAU etc. It is essential to earmark

allocation for skill development to achieve desired success by 2020.

19. Means of Technology dissemination :- Dissemination of agricultural technology is a skilful task. It has to be timely, broad based, narrated in

local language, well supported by practical demonstration as "Seeing is believing and learning by doing" is the

basic principle of agricultural extension. The means of technology dissemination could be as follows

Extension Workers‘ Training.

Farmers Field Schools.

Scientist - Farmers dialogue through ATMA

Farmers‘ Training.

Agriculture Extension through SHGs.

Agriculture advisory through AGRISNET & SMS

Strengthening of Agriculture Extension.

Print media like Shetkari magazine, leaflets, booklets, news papers etc.

Audio-visual aids (Doordarshan, TV, Radio, exhibitions, Krishi dindi, Krishi rath, etc.)

Internet and CUG for speedy

PPP-AID

Promotional activities through CSR

Agriculture advisory through Agrisnet & SMS

Agriculture Extension through SHGs.

Weather based crop insurance.

Scientist - Farmers dialogue through ATMA

Farmers Field Schools.

Farmers‘ training under human resource development programme.

Strengthening of Agriculture extension under human resource development programme.

20. Value Addition and Primary processing

Farmer can get better realization if their produce is graded, sorted, packed for end customers. Thus

primary processing plays important role in value addition. Food processing is world wide industry. Even small

scale value addition and processing such as pickles, chutneys, papad, jam, jelly, soft drinks etc. can be done at

village level. This helps to generate economy and employment. Another areas like bamboo processing, dairy

products, solar drying etc has much scope. Maharashtra State Small Farmers Agri-business Consortion

(MSFAC), ATMA, MACP are engaged in promoting on farm value addition and processing. The agricultural

exhibitions, food grain festivals, Bhimthadi jatra etc. are platforms for direct marketing of such value added

and primary processed products. State Community canning Centre, Aurangabed provides technical know-how

to farmers and farm families.

Strategy:-

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Increasing the level of food processing in agro-sector by 10% with focus on value addition across value

chain.

Reducing wastage across various agricultural produce by 20% through building strong agri-business

infrastructure by facilitating targeted investments across the supply chain (backward and forward linkages

including development of producer‘s organisation and establishment of market linkages).

Increase the value addition for processed food items and price realisation for farmers through focus on

quality, branding and promotion of agro based products and shift in processed food product mix.

Promoting adoption of nationally and internationally accepted quality, technology and standardization in

food processing.

Capacity building and skill development training for the staff/manpower related to food processing

Interventions for the Agriculture development through value addition and primary processing

A Food Grains

1. Promoting linkages between growers and processors.

2. Establishing primary processing facilities in PP model.

3. Modernize storage and warehousing facilities.

4. Productivity improvement through adoption of better farming practices, contract farming and village

level technical inputs.

5. VAT exemptions for Dal and Flour Mills.

B Milk and Milk products (Dairy)

1. Promoting use of aseptic packing, canning, bottling and tetra pack technology

2. Promoting and establishing integrated milk processing plants.

3. Increasing cross breed cattle and providing better variety of fodder to increase milk productivity.

4. Creating multi commodity storages, deep freezers, reefer vans and bulk milk cooling.

5. Undertaking modernization of small and medium dairies.

6. Providing extension services to farmers on optimum feed mix, milk handling and quality of milk.

C Fruits and vegetables (Horticulture)

1. Promoting contract farming for export variety of banana.

2. Promoting nitrogen flush packaging, automation and use of advanced machinery.

3. Conducting research to introduce seedless varieties of oranges and reducing bitterness.

4. Providing grading, packing and cold storage facilities at market yard especially for oranges.

5. Creating mini food parks having common marketing agencies and waste management systems.

6. Undertaking entrepreneurship and skill development training programs especially for women

employed in agro processing units in rural areas.

7. Promoting and modernizing small, rural units and introducing by –product development from

wastage.

D Fisheries

1. Establishing infrastructure facilities at fish landing sites.

2. Improving cold chain facilities.

3. Establishing special sea food cold storages near market place.

4. Promoting inland fish farming on PPP mode to boost production.

5. Developing an integrated model for sea food processing under PPP mode.

6. Promoting use of latest technology such as IQF, Blast freeze and automation.

7. Achieving convergence with RKVY scheme and providing basic infrastructure facilities at fish

landing sites.

E Meat and Poultry

1. Modernizing small abattoirs, meat vending shops and municipal abattoirs.

2. Establishing integrated stall feeding system.

3. Promoting tertiary value addition in processed meat with hygiene.

4. Creating consumer awareness about benefits of processed meat and meat products.

5. Promoting branding and marketing of processed meat of certified units for sale in domestic and

export markets.

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6. Promoting and establishing market linkages between meat processors, exporters and MNCs

21 Agriculture input

A) Seed strategy :-

Maharashtra State Seed Corporation (MSSC) and National Seed Corporation (NSC) are the major

Public Sector Organizations in production and distribution of quality seeds. Nearly 265 private seed producers

also sell their seeds of field and vegetable crops.

Mahabeej, NSC and private seed companies are the main seed supplying agencies in the state. This

agencies may be encourage to take their seed production project on farmers field on large scale so farmers get

more availability and with cheaper rate.

On the basis of seed requirement of village of different crops micro planning should be done at village

level to take seed production programme in the village itself. It will be beneficial for village farmers to avail

quality seed and also provides financial support. Government will take responsibility of losses if any.

Seed producer societies is one of the option to meet the seed requirement demand of the farmers. this

societies take seed production programmes on their members field with the help of universities scientists and

Agriculture department. This will help in improving social status of village farmers and results in growth in

village economy

Seed distribution in last 3 years

( figures in lakh quintals)

Sr. No. Particulars 2012-13 2013-14 2014-15

1 seed distribution 25.05 28.42 20.03 (Odd year)

Achievement of seed replacement rate in the state : 2014

Crop Hy.

Jowar

Imp.

Jowar

Hy.

Bajra

Imp.

Bajra

Paddy Maize Tur Mung Udid Ground-

nut

Sesamum Soybean

SRR 100 20 100 81 50 100 21 30 46 2 45 24

B) Use of Chemical Fertilizers :

Maharashtra is a major fertilizer consuming state in the country. The state consumes 35 to 40 LMT

fertilizers in Kharif season and 25 to 30 LMT in Rabi season. The real progress in fertilizer consumption is

started from 1980-81. The per hectare NPK consumption in the state has been increased from 21.4 kg/ha.

(1980-81) to 137.90 kg/ha. in 2011-12.

During 11th five year plan, fertilizer consumption has shown increasing trend along with food grain

production. In the initial year fertilizer consumption of the state was 47.90 lakh M.T., while per hectare

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consumption was 109.60 kg/ha. Increase in per hectare fertilizer consumption during 2007-08 has shown

positive impact on food grain production which was 1175 kg/ha and in case of oilseed it was 1279 kg/ha.

There was 23.35% increase in fertilizer consumption during 11th five year plan as compared to 10

th five year

plan.

Fertilizer consumption trend in last three years. (Lakh MT)

Sr.No. Year Kharif Rabi Total % increase over last year

1 2012-13 31.21 23.45 54.66 (-)16.98

2 2013-14 32.27 25.83 58.10 (+)6.37

3 2014.15 34.45 27.67 62.12 (+)6.92

22. Crop Insurance :-

22.1 Introduction of modified Crop insurance:

To mitigate the monsoon and market risks, a farmer friendly crop insurance scheme through private

insurance companies would be introduced for all major crops by the end of next 10 years where the

development cost of insurance product would be shared by the State Government.

Disaster management is an integral part of agriculture and a well functioning insurance scheme is the

only answer. Response to disasters through NCCF and CRF has failed to adequately address to the problem of

agrarian distress due to vagaries of nature. National Agriculture Insurance Scheme (NAIS) even in the

modified version fails to address this issue – indemnity levels are low, threshold levels are unrealistic,

premium rates are high even after subsidy, crop compensation is unsatisfactory. Scheme being an area

insurance scheme amounts to a car insurance scheme when the owner would get compensation only when

certain number of cars also meet accident before the owner gets the compensation.

Reforms in NAIS would move by adopting a strategy under which National Remote Sensing Agency

provides a mechanism to zero down to individual fields and a statistical method is devised to move to a

smallest possible areal unit. Since risks are high, premium would also be high requiring assistance from the

state in a PPP mode so that efficiencies of private sector are harnessed along with avoidance of moral hazard if

the scheme is entirely implemented in public sector.

What is suggested is a gradual shift to an insurance product for all kind of crops where insurance unit

ultimately reaches to the individual field. Since product development of such a nature would take time or such

a product may not be feasible at all, a product development strategy needs to be adopted in collaboration with

the private sector over a period of 5 to 10 years. Since premium rates are likely to be higher, all the outgo on

Disaster Management should be subsumed with the existing NAIS/modified NAIS. Even after such a

measure, insurance product does not get developed with reasonable premium, some other subsidies could also

be curtailed so that one single risk mitigation strategy under crop insurance takes care of agrarian distress due

to natural disasters. One of the outcomes of our strategy suggests the development of such insurance products

in the next 10 years.

22.2 Privatization for an effective crop insurance

In addition to Agriculture Insurance Corporation (AIC), a government agency, there are a large

number of private insurance agencies in the market. Though the insurance products being marketed even by

such private players are not up to the mark, a PPP initiative could always be taken up for developing an

insurance product which meets the farmer‘s expectations and eliminates to have a separate disaster

management funding from GoI. Such private players would be invited to develop such products which should

reduce the requirements of number of crop cutting experiments but takes the product up to the level of a

farmers‘ field, a task which may turn out to be infeasible finally. In the interest of developing a long term risk

mitigation strategy for the farmers, it is absolutely necessary that acceptable insurance products get developed

with the assistance of GoI and NRSA. At the development stage, since risks are high, actuarial rates are bound

to be high. Subsidy for premium, however, may be lower than the budget for disaster management. This

exercise would be taken up and completed in the next two plan periods.

23 . Mechanization in Agriculture :-

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Use of different machinery & tools in Agriculture for various operations like preparatory tillage,

intercultural operations, harvesting and threshing etc. would help to overcome the problem of labourers. It

would be helpful in completion of operations in time, to minimise cost of cultivation and thus net farm returns.

To increase use of different machinery & tools to overcome the problem of labourers.

Mechanization for preparatory tillage, intercultural operations, harvesting and threshing farm activities.

Use of rotavator, cultivator, Sara Yantra and Sugarcane trash choppers.

Use of modified seed drill for insitu moisture conservation.

Use of power tiller & low volume spray pumps.

24. Soil health and INM

Soil is a living medium which serves as a natural nutrient source for growth of plants. The components of

soil are mineral, organic matter, water and air, the proportions of which may vary and together form a

system for plant growth. Site specific nutrient management involving soil test based application of

fertilizers is critical to enhance fertilizer use efficiency. At present, including private sector, nearly 160

soil testing laboratories (128 Static and 32 mobile) with annual analyzing capacity of 10.59 lakh samples,

are actively rendering their services to the farmers in state.

To Create awareness amongst farmers about balance use of fertilizer and for maintaining soil health

government is implementing the scheme ‗Development of Village Fertility Index under RKVY‘ since

2010-11. In this programme soil samples are drawn from every 10 Ha. cultivable area. These samples

are analysed for major properties (pH, EC, N, P, K.) & Micro Nutrients (Cu, Mn, Zn, Fe). Village Fertility

Index & micro nutrient deficiency status is calculated. Fertilizer recommendations are given as per

suggestions from SAUs and flex board are displayed at public places in the concerned village. Village

Fertility Index will help in INM & balance use of fertilizer. Up to March 2015, 24790 villages are

covered in this programme and 38.09 lakh Soil Health Cards are issued to farmers since 2006-07.

Government of India started the programme Mission Soil Health Card from 2015-16. The process of

setting up of new soil testing laboratories is likely to be continued and annual analyzing capacity would

also be increased accordingly. In Maharashtra, there are about 137 lakh landholders. The sampling would

be in grid of 2.5 ha. in irrigated and 10 ha. in rainfed area. Likewise total 25.73 lakh number of soil

samples would be tested in the period of three years & Soil Health Card will be distributed to all 137 lakh

farmers.

25. Crop pest surveillance

To avoid losses caused due to attack of pest and diseases to Rice, Soybean, Cotton, Tur and Gram

crops, Crop Pest Surveillance and Advisory Project (CROPSAP) is being implemented in the state. The

project is mainly based on three major components viz. carryout regular and scientific surveillance of

major pests of aforesaid crops, give scientific plant protection advisories to farmers based on online pest

surveillance reports and to create awareness about crop pest/ disease and supply of chemical and

biological pesticides in critical situations on 50% subsidy. All sown area of Soybean, Cotton, Rice and

Tur crops In Kharif season while in Gram crop in Rabi season is covered under the project. Major pest

disease viz. Spodoptera, Semilooper, Helicoverpa and Girdle Beetle of Soybean; Spodoptera, Jassid,

Thrips, White fly & Reddening of cotton; Yellow Stem borer, Gall Midge, Plant hoppers, Leaf folder,

Swarming / other caterpillars, blast/Neck blast, Sheath blight & bacterial blight of rice; Tur pod borer,

Pod fly, plume moth and webbed leaves of Tur and Helicoverpa and Wilt of Gram are taken for

surveillance.

Various apex crop research institutes involved are National Integrated Pest Management Centre,

New Delhi; Directorate of Soybean Research, Indore; Central Institute of Cotton Research, Nagpur;

Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur; Central Research Institute for Dry land Agriculture,

Hyderabad; Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack; National Institute For Plant Health Management,

Hyderabad and all the State Agriculture Universities (SAUs). While, State Agriculture Department is

implementing nodal agency.

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26. Cold chain/ supply chain In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 79 projects of Cold Storage / Integrated Cold

Chain are established for which Rs.3822.65 lakh grant is released and for 2015-16,49 projects of about Rs.

540.00 lakhs have been proposed.

27. Infrastructure for farmers (Labs, KSK)

27.1 Development of rural infrastructure facilities :

Village Road and internal farm road development.

Assured electricity supply at reasonable price.

Creation of Infrastructure support for Agriculture export through cold chain with refer van.

Creation of Infrastructure support for primary agro processing.

Credit supply at low interest.

27.2 Infrastructural Facilities Available in the State :

Roads – 2,40,040 Km.

Agriculture Produce Market Committies – 294

Cotton Ginning Mills - 459

Ginning and Pressing Units - 405

Primary Agriculture Socities - 21392

Agriculture Universities – 4

Agriculture Colleges - 88 (25 Government, 61 Private, 2 Granted)

State Level Training Institutes - 7

National Research Centres –7 (Cotton, Oranges, Pomegranate, Grapes, Onion-Garlic, Soil Survey,

Abiotic Stress Management)

Post Harvest Technology Training Centre

Crop Based Organizations - Mahamango, Mahagrape, Mahabanana, Maha-Annar, Orange, Flower

Growers Association.

Soil Testing Laboratories - 118 (29 Government, 89 Private)

Pesticide Residue Testing Laboratories -2 (Pune & Nagpur)

Bio-Control Laboratories - 10

Fertilizer Testing Laboratories - 5

Insecticide Testing Laboratories - 4

Seed Testing Laboratories –7 (Govt. - 3, Seed Certification Agency - 2, Mahabeej – 2)

Agro polyclinics - 231

Taluka Seed Multiplication Farms -194

Horticulture Nurseries - 1371 (Government - 134, Agriculture Universities – 42, Private -1195)

28. Dryland mission/soil moisture security The Maharashtra‘s agriculture is known for low yields and high fluctuations in production. This is

mainly due to high proportion of highly eroded shallow soils having poor water holding capacity and low

fertility, inadequate and erratic rainfall received in few rainy days, limited irrigation water availability with

faulty distribution system and use, poor infrastructure and very low or no investment capacity of the farmers.

With a view to overcome the problem of low productivity and enable dry land farmer to earn higher net

returns from his farm on sustained basis the Government of Maharashtra has launched an ambitious

27

agriculture development program called Dry Land Farming Mission from the year 2012-13. The objectives

& components of the Dry Land Farming Mission are given below.

Objectives :

1. Increasing production & productivity of dryland crops to boost economy

2. In-situ moisture conservation /use of BBF planters

3. Developing infrastructure for protective irrigation through series of bunds & farm ponds.

4. Efficient use of water through micro irrigation.

5. Reduce cost of production through mechanization.

6. Developing infrastructure for protective cultivation, primary processing units& marketing facilities

.

29. Post Harvest Management : Packaging/ Branding/ Pack house

Agricultural produce is of perishable nature. Especially fruit and vegetables need to be handled and

stored properly till they reach end consumer. So also the food grains are prone to storage pests and diseases.

Post harvest losses vary as per the type of commodity. Since 1990-91 horticulture development in

Maharashtra has increased substantially. The cold chains established with the help of National Horticulture

Board and National Horticulture Mission has facilitated export of horticultural commodities. Irradiation

facility is made available at Lasalgaon, Nasik, vapour heat treatment for mangoes, at Washi Navi Mumbai.

Maharashtra is main supplier of onions in the country. However, till last decade, losses due to spoiling of

onions in storage was always facing either shortage of onions or distress sell of onions. Since 2006, improved

onion storage structures have been constructed on large scale. This helped to store onions safely and farmers

could sell their produce as and when required as per the better market situation. This also helped in bring price

stability. Grape, pomegranate cultivation and large number of green houses especially in Western Maharashtra

has lead to PHM facilities like pre-cooling units, grading and packing units, Cold storage and cold vans.

National Horticulture Board, National Horticulture Mission (MIDH), MWSIP, MACP, SFAC has been

instrumental in promoting PHM facilities.

Under MIDH, financial assistance is provided with main objectives of

(a) to encourage investments from private and cooperative sectors in the development of marketing

infrastructure for horticulture commodities

(b) strengthen existing horticulture markets including wholesale and rural markets;

(c) focus on promotion of grading, standardization and quality certification of horticulture produce at

farm/market level to enable farmers to realize better price; and

(d) create general awareness among farmers, consumers, entrepreneurs and market functionaries on market

related agricultural practices.

Maharashtra State Warehousing Corpotation with storage capacity of 14.56 lakh MT. helps to store

food grains and other commodities as well as provide warehousing receipt which can provide instant finance

to farmers without distress sell of their produce.

Post Harvest Management strategy :-

1) Creating fruit & vegetable processing infrastructure.

Since there is significant increase in fruit & vegetable production in the 11th plan, it is necessary to have

adequate infrastructure for processing of it. Value addition of the horticulture produce is possible only

after establishing such processing infrastructure. From NHM 328 Primary Processing Units are

established up to the year 2011-12. In the 12th FYP it is proposed to establish 700 Primary Processing

Units.

2) Establishing supply chain- As the horticulture produce is highly perishable, it is necessary to transport it

quickly to the market so that it can reach the consumer without post harvest losses. In this context 30

28

pre-cooling units,100 cold chain/cold storage units and 50 refer vans will be established in the 12th

FYP.

3) The state is leading producer of major horticulture commodities including grape, pomegranate, banana,

alphonso mango, sapota, mandarin, onion, tomato, flowers etc. Also the state has major share in export

of fruits, vegetables & flowers. The State Govt. has taken many initiatives through NHM in improving

Post-harvest Management of horticulture commodities.

4) The infrastructure for post harvest handling and packaging would be developed through individual

farmers as well as growers groups. An effort will be made to develop rural business hubs for

horticultural produce by linking the groups of farmers with retailers. The rural business hub would

comprise of the farmers group on one hand who are the producers linked to a common facility centre

consisting the packaging infrastructure which will be run by self-help groups of women and the retailers

on the other end. The HRD programmes and technology demos would be dovetailed for capacity

building of the stake holders.

5) Pack House- In the 12th FYP, 4000 new pack houses would be established to have quality post harvest

handling.

29.1 Collection, Sorting / Grading, Packing Units for Horticulture Crops

In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 10 projects of Collection, Sorting / Grading,

Packing Units for Horticulture Crops are established for which Rs.55.06 lakh grant is released and for 2015-

16, 8 projects of about Rs. 23.45 lakhs have been proposed.

29.2 Rural Markets / Apni Mandies / Direct Markets.

In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 6 projects of Rural Markets / Apni Mandies /

Direct Markets are established for which Rs.15.00 lakh grant is released and for 2015-16,4 projects of about

Rs. 26.00 lakhs have been proposed.

29.3 Environmentally Controlled Retail Markets / Outlets

In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 1 projects of Environmentally Controlled Retail Markets

/ Outlets In Maharashtra are established for which Rs. 5.50 lakh grant is released and for 2015-16, 12 projects

of about Rs. 48.00 lakhs have been proposed.

29.4 Cold Chain Infrastructure

In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 79 projects of Cold Storage / Integrated Cold

Chain are established for which Rs.3822.65 lakh grant is released and for 2015-16,49 projects of about Rs.

540.00 lakhs have been proposed.

29.5 Pack House In Maharashtra State since 2005-06 to 2014-15 about 3076 projects of Pack house are established for

which Rs.3514.91 lakh grant is released and for 2015-16, 400 projects of about Rs. 800.00 lakhs have been

proposed.

30. CSR initiatives Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) comprises of the efforts and commitments made by businesses

to contribute economic and social development of the local community and society at large. Though CSR

initiatives, companies provide voluntary support to address various social environmental and economic issue

related to their business operations and/or the needs of the local community. The objective of this policy is to

facilitate, co-ordinate and monitor CSR support and activities in Maharashtra. In order to facilitate and

streamline the proposed CSR activities from corporate fraternity, the department as decided to have single

window approach. The single window approach for corporate will be supported by three tier structure from

department side to ensure smooth approval and facilitation process for all CSR activities. The three tier

structure would comprise of a state level CSR steering committee, commissionerate level CSR committee and

divisional level CSR committee. This committee will function as a single window fr the corporate to initiate

any CSR activity at appropriate levels. The department also intends to subsequently form a section 25

company which may absorb the CSR committees or supports its functioning by providing all required

assistance to the corporate bodies and moniter their progress as far as CSR activities are concern.

29

31. Agro tourism Agricultural Tourism is the Holidays concept of Visiting a working farm or any agricultural,

horticultural, or agribusiness operations for the purpose of enjoyment, education, or active involvement in the

activities of the farm or operation.

In general, Agri-Tourism is small-scale, low- impact, and, in most cases, education focused. Because

landowners operate the majority of farms in Maharashtra, opportunities for uniqueness and customization are

limitless. Many Agri-tourism activities require only a small farm crew in order to be successful. For instance,

farm tours, bed and breakfasts, Tractor / bullock card rides, grapes, mangoes, and other horticulture farms, by

product farms, birds / animal zoos, and many other activities may be operated with little additional investment

in labour.

32. Bamboo based farming

Bamboo is most suitable crop for supporting agricultural activities. Bamboo has better flexibility as

well as tensile strength. Bamboo grows in 4-5 years and provides returns years together. Bamboo is useful for

staking fruit orchards like oranges and vegetable crops like tomatoes. It is useful for preparing temporary

shades. Bamboo is most suitable for its strong and surable furniture, mats, handicrafts which can fetch on farm

non-farm income. Many NGOs like KONBAC, in Konkan and Sampoorna Bamboo Kendra, Chikhaldhara,

Dist. Amaravati has developed many applications of bamboo. Bamboo based poly houses are boon to

agriculture as they are low cost, can be erected from locally available material. Other applications like paper

pulp, fabrics, wooden coal, agarbatti and ice cream sticks etc. offer immense scope for bamboo. National

Bamboo mission is being implemented in Maharashtra. Besides this bamboo cultivation is being assisted

under EGS linked Horticulture Development Programme.

It is proposed to promote bamboo based farming on 1000 ha. and 10 Farmers Organizations / FPOs in

bamboo in next 5 years. It is also proposed to have technological tie up with National Institutions in Bamboo

promotion and IIT, Bombay to develop bamboo facilitation centre in all Agricultural Universities in the State.

33. Sericulture Sericulture and Silk Textiles Industry is one of the major sub-sector comprising the textiles

sector.Sericulture is an agro-based labour intensive industry. The major activities involved in a sericulture

industry are:

1 Cultivation of silkworm food plants.

2 Rearing of silkworms for the production of raw silk.

3 Reeling the cocoon for unwinding the silk filament and

4 Other post-cocoon processes such as twisting, dyeing, weaving, printing and finishing.

Looking at the state and plight of hand weavers, the department of sericulture has proposed a scheme

to promote usage of handloom by free distribution of handloom machine to 100 weavers in the first phase to

the region like Aurangabad, Solapur, Yeola, Bhandara, Nagpur. These handloom would be distributed to both

Mulbary silk and Tasar weavers and is expected to increase their income to Rs. 6000- 8000 per month.

34. Promotion of agro-based micro-enterprises: Decentralized Units for value addition e.g. dal mills, grading and packing units, at least one for each

producer company would be established through incentives available under MoFP, KVIC, MSME. Where the

producer companies take time to get established, existing farmer‘s organizations would be targeted.

Apart from seed production units based on seed village concept, other critical inputs could also be

made locally available through micro-enterprises (MSME) run by educated youth or group of farmers. These

could well include biofertilisers, bio pesticides, small storage structures like cold storages or ware houses,

grading and packing units, grain cleaning units, mini dal mills, oil crushers or similar units depending upon

the local cropping pattern. Convergence with the schemes of KVIC, MoFP, MoA, APEDA, MoRD could

provide incentives under the on-going programmes. MSME are required to be under an established value

chain or a part of end to end project.

35. In situ water conservation

30

To ensure moisture either through flood irrigations or through watershed development as part of a

grand strategy to achieve the vision should be the next goal to be achieved in the long run preferably by the

end of next 10 years. With only 17% of the cultivable area under irrigation at present and a substantial area

already covered under watershed, state would have an implementation plan through convergence of resources

under NREGA, various other initiatives of MoRD and Ministry of Water Resources wherein gap, if any,

should be bridged through assistance under RKVY.

More than 80% area being rain-fed, risk mitigation strategy would require a minimum level of

moisture in the soil. Ex-situ watershed development has not been able to reach this stage of moisture

conservation primarily due to inferior level of implementation. Gujarat success story reveals that in-situ water

conservation through farm ponds and check dams have been able to provide necessary level of moisture even

during a year of scanty rainfall. NREGA as well as other initiatives on watershed development by Ministry of

Rural Development provide tremendous opportunity to have massive scale of such structures over a period of

next 10 years which would include graded bunding, contour bunding, CCT and similar in-situ structures.

Saturation of such activities in the shortest possible time for each FIG/SHG should be our aim.

In addition to in-situ water conservation, it is equally important to conserve the existing water resources,

particularly the ground water. It is therefore proposed that the two strategies go together while implementing a

comprehensive water-shed plan for moisture conservation.

In-situ water conservation through NREGA

MoRD & MoA have large number of initiatives to provide assistance to rural population for water-

shed development. A convergence effort through Water Conservation Department so that all the existing

programmes converge to in-situ water conservation could provide a minimum level of moisture to all the

rainfed area in next 10 years. The department would be given this mandate to prepare state wise Action Plan

for such a convergence, AIPB could monitor this convergence effort regularly through the department.

36. Market

Hierarchy of markets through agro marketing reforms including village markets, farmer‘s market,

private markets, terminal markets would be established at least one in each APMC area over a period of 10

years to provide alternatives to existing marketing system enabling direct marketing and e-trading.

Monopoly of the APMC markets could well be broken through the amendments in APMC Act

enabling private markets, farmers consumer markets and through direct marketing. A hierarchy of

competitive markets could now be established starting from village markets, famer-consumer markets, private

markets, modern terminal markets and e-markets through National Spot Exchange Ltd or NCDEX Spot

Market. Existing schemes could well be used for multiplication of such markets. Irritants, if any, could well

be removed through policy dialogue with concerned State Governments and private investors.

Marketing strategy :-

Creating sufficient market infrastructure- For obtaining maximum returns to farmers after

marketing the horticulture produce 100 collection and grading units will be established in the 12th

FYP.

Establishing RaituBazzars- In the Raitu Bazars the element middleman is totally eliminated so that

producer can market his horticulture produce directly to the consumers. It is obvious that farmers

can get more returns. From NHM 30 ApniMandis will be established in the state which will be run

by the Grampanchayats.

Promoting direct selling of agricultural produce – Efforts will be made to establish farmers groups

who will do group farming and group marketing. Necessary facilities will be provided to these

groups from NHM.

31

2. WAREHOUSING

In pre-independent era year 1928 the Royal Commission on Agriculture had first

recommended the establishment of licensed warehouses. In 1944 the Reserve Bank of India urged

all the State Governments to enact legislation for setting up licensed warehouses. Through the

Agricultural Finance sub-committee (1944), the Rural Banking Enquiry Committee (1949) set

up by the Government of India stressed the need for developing warehousing in the country. The

Reserve Bank of India formed a Committee in year 1954 under the Chairmanship of Prof. A.D.

Gorawala to submit the detailed survey report for extension of agricultural credit to the rural areas.

On basis of recommendations of this report various State Governments passed laws for establishment

of licensed warehouses and rules for working of these warehouses in pre-independent era. These

would enable farmers to store their agriculture produce scientifically and also avail facility of

advancing of money against warehouse receipts which were declared as negotiable instruments.

Farmers could pledge the warehouse receipt in banks and procure easy loans.

As no one in private sector took the initiative for setting and establishment of such

warehouses, Government of India in year 1956 passed the Agricultural Produce (Development and

Warehousing) Corporation Act 1956 .This Act was repealed and replaced by The Warehousing

Corporation Act, 1962 which extends to whole of India. Central Warehousing Corporation was

established under this act. Afterwards Central warehousing Corporation and various State

Government s jointly established State Warehousing Corporations. These Corporations also support

farmers with storage of fertilizers, seeds, cattle fodder.

The food grain stock of Food Corporation of India procured from the farmers which in turn

indirectly has helped for development of farmers in India in all the State warehousing Corporation is

72.88 LMT and Central Warehousing Corporation is 28.83 LMT store Due to establishment of this

warehousing facility has not only prevented wastage of food grains stock but also helped in

maintaining the quality of the food grains.

For the appropriate growth and to bring efficiency in conduct of warehousing business in the

country, the Government of India has introduced a Negotiable Warehouse Receipt (NWR) system in

the country by enacting the Warehousing (Development & Regulatory) Act, 2007. As per the policy

declared by Finance dept, Government of India dated 31.12.2012 , concessional crop loan@ 7% with

interest rate subvention is available to farmers. But as regards to post-harvest loan the farmers are

granted loan against the negotiable warehouse receipts at commercial rates. In order to discourage

distress sale by farmers and to get higher returen to their produce it become necessary to encourage

them to store their produces in warehouse against warehouse receipts. For this the benefit of interest

subvention is made available to small and marginal farmers having Kisan Credit Card for a further

period of up to six months post harvest on the same rate as available to crop loan against negotiable

warehouse receipt for keeping their produce in warehouses.

After the Green revolution, there has been substantial increase in production of food grains in

India. But infrastructure needed for storage of food grains is less due to lack of sufficient funds for

development of new infrastructure in public sector. The private sector participation in warehousing

infrastructure development was comparatively less and considered as negated sector.

The observations of Hon. Supreme Court of India, lead to fix the responsibility of wastage of

food grains meant for poor and under privileged. The Union Ministry of Food & Civil Supplies in its

32

response, had stated that when the food grains production increased in year 1999 FCI took the

support of the private godowns to store the produce. But after the wrath received from the

Parliamentary and Controller and Auditor General about the wasteful expenditure of keeping the

godowns idle, Food Corporation of India had to reduce the procurement return back the hired

godowns. But in the year 2008-2009 FCI found itself in inadequate capacity to store the excess

procured food grains it again turned to private warehouses but failed to get adequate number of

warehouses.

It was felt necessary to reduce the gap between agriculture production and capacity available

for storage of procured food grains. Along with public sector, the privet sector was also thought for

the creation of warehousing facility. This gave rise to the development of innovative scheme of PEG-

2008 scheme under which FCI guaranteed the storage of food grains for 6-9 years in these private

godowns. This resulted in additional 84.51 LMT storage food grains in India. MSWC has

constructed 2.83LMT, CWC 1.01 LMT in Maharashtra along with PPP 1.55 LMT (total 5.39 LMT)

under PEG 2008 GOI scheme.

For development of warehousing capacity in Public sector throughout India, Central

Government in the Union budget 2011-12 allocated Rs.2000 Cr. for financing warehousing under the

Rural Infrastructure Development Fund (RIDF). To utilize this allocation fully for warehousing and

other storage facilities, a separate Scheme titled RIDF (Warehousing) has been formulated by

NABARD and has since been approved Government of India (GOI) Ministry of Finance (MoF),

Department of Financial Service (DFS). The focus of this Scheme is on increasing warehousing /

storage capacity for effectively managing the food grains, pulses cereals, vegetables fruits and other

essential agricultural commodities as well as agricultural inputs, through financing different

implementing agencies. The need of warehousing infrastructure as well as to reduce the post harvest

losses of agri - produce happened to be motto of the same. 2012-13 and 2013-14 had budget

provision of Rs. 5000 Cr. each year, which was made available not only to public sector, but also

private sector in the states. Few states such as Maharashtra, State Govt. did not gave the guarantee to

public sector corporation such as MSWC and hence was unable to get funds under RIDF and could

lead to remain deprived of creating storage capacity in the State through public sector. The scope of

the Scheme has been widened beyond State Governments; in view of the fact that the borrowing

powers of many State Governments are rapidly getting exhausted and warehousing proposals get de-

prioritized for want of funding from the States budgetary resources.

Netherlands, contributes only 3% of World‘s floriculture production, but is ranked first in

international market. The producers are facilitated with export facilities with the network of

infrastructure from farm level to the ports of export, adding to it, the facilities of online trading,

facilitating trading at local to international markets, and its physical movements to different

countries.

In India , agri production is not a problem, but the scientific storage and controlled

movement, at every level from production to market is attracting the problems of non availability of

infrastructure. There is need of creation of infrastructure to facilitate systematic maintenance of

quality and making available a sound marketing platform of online trading. Further the crop yield is

reducing with time, hence saving the food grains has become of vital importance. There is need of

storage of storage of required food grain to meet the demand of Indian population for at least a period

of minimum three years. This will make country self sustainable and the international dependency

for the food will be reduced. The very important factor to remain country self sufficient is scientific

storage of sufficient quantity of food grains and for this the creation of warehousing infrastructure

has gained atmost importance and need of time.

33

There is need to provide value added services along with the storage facility to the farmers, it

will result into higher earnings for the farmers. It will not only facilitate the Negotiability of the

Warehouse Receipt, but also help to maintain quality parameters for the food grains accepted under

storage. To serve this purpose developing of well equipped modern Food Grain testing Laboratory,

and Cleaning and Grading Yard with provision of packing unit at every Warehouse is required. If

warehouses provide this facility as one window service of cleaning and grading of the food grains to

the farmers, the quality of the food grains will be tested and the tested goods will be available for

storage as well as will be marketed easily by knowing quality parameters of the same. The high

quality of food grains attracts higher prices to the food grains. Ultimately, the resultant will be the

exportable / export quality products of the farmers and higher earnings of the farmers. This

encourages the farmers to trade high quality product, to earn higher and consumers will get quality

food grains at reasonable rates.

According to the norms of WDRA 2007 in order to get subvention interest rate on loan on

NWHR it is necessary to have accreditation of godowns, and accreditation criteria demands

minimum capacity of 250 M.T. Hence to make the pledge loan facility on NWHR available to

farmers at grass root level wherever CWC/SWC/ Large capacity godowns are surrounded by small

godowns, PACS, Co-operative, private godowns,. If these godowns are connected online then

CWC/SWC/ Large capacity godowns will serve as HUB and small godowns such PACS, Co-

operative, private godowns will serve as spoke and continuous chain will be formed which invariably

benefits farmers by way of getting easy loans, facility of online marketing and consumers will easily

get quality food grains at reasonable price. This will prevent investment of huge amount required

in developing new infrastructure, instead the readily available infrastructure segregated all over

can be used optimally for the benefits of the farmers and consumers. Those saved funds can be used

for providing value added services such as cleaning grading yard, testing laboratory, price

information tickers, spot Exchange (online market), weightment facility, export facility etc.

In order to store perishable commodities and to avoid damage to perishable goods in India

there is urgent requirement of Cold Storage and Cold chain. There are various perishable fruits

,vegetables and commodities which can be stored for the period of 2 weeks to 8 months. If we

keenly carry out economic study for the establishment of the Cold storage and Cold chains we can

store variety of other products also.

Cold Storage and Cold chain serves as vital link between food grain producers, agriculture

and the agricultural economy. Perishable goods such as fruit, vegetables constantly undergo

chemical changes after harvest so its normal life span is reduced at normal temperature. But if these

perishable goods are stored at low temperature we can slow down the chemical process which may

lead to maintaining quality and increase in life span of this commodity. To handle the transportation

of the perishable commodities need of refer containers on large scale.

After taking into consideration the environmental changes due to global warming, it has

increased the possibility of infestation. The infestation are proving stronger as compared to the

methods /measures adopted for the controlling them. This may affect the quality of food grains in

long run hence development of SILOS is must. The SILOS can play a vital and important roles in

storing large quantity of food grains by maintain the quality and increasing the life span of grains. In

addition to this the transportation of food grains to longer distances not only increases the transport

costs but also affects the quantity and quality which results in inflation in price of the food grains.

Hence the rail siding godowns is the need of time

In this scenario, MSWC which is an important public sector undertaking in the state of

Maharashtra, which is regularly working for the benefit of the farmers of the State through its chain

of warehouses. An important infrastructure provider in the State is MSWC, which is meant not only

34

to provide the storage infrastructure to farmers, but also to the agro-based industries and others too.

This makes the warehousing sector a very important sector in infrastructure to meet the requirement

of the storage for agri – produce, food grains, industries and for marketing and logistics end to end

services in import and exports also.

MSP is important factor dealt by Govt. for procurement of food grains. But in many areas the

procurement under MSP cannot be initiated by State Govt. due to lack of storage infrastructure.

Storage infrastructure is immediate need at the time of procurement.

MSWC happened to be plying its important role in the infrastructure development of

Maharashtra, which can be summarized as below;

• Established on 8th August, 1957 , Functioning as per Warehousing Corporations Act, 1962

• 187 Warehousing centers, through 8 Regions with Storage Capacity 17.37 LMT

• 1 Container Freight Station (CFS) at Dronagiri, Navi Mumbai.

2 Shareholders - Govt. of Maharashtra and Central Warehousing Corporation with Share

Capital of Rs. 4.35 Cr. Each

• MSWC Storage capacity details

Year Storage Capacity in Lakh MT

Own Hired PPP Total

1980-81 1.94 1.56 -- 3.5

1990-91 7.35 0.31 -- 7.66

2000-01 10.3 1.02 -- 11.32

2010-11 11.79 0.43 -- 12.23

2011-12 11.98 0.46 -- 12.44

2012-13 12.88 0.39 0.23 13.50

2013-14 13.87 0.28 1.55 15.70

2014-15

(March-15) 14.90 0.92 1.55 17.37

Facilities to Depositors -

• 50 % discount on storage charges to Farmers.

• 25 % Storage space is reserved for Farmer‘s Agriculture storage.

• Scientific - Preventive and Curative storage treatment on goods/commodities stored

• 100 % Insurance coverage against loss due to earth-quake, fire, flood, storm, theft, riots,

strike, malicious damages etc to the goods stored in the warehouse.

• Handling and transportation facilities

• Provides the facility of storage for farmers, Government Sector, Semi-Govt organization,

Private Companies, Individuals, Exporters, Importers, traders for storing various types of

goods.

• Warehouse Receipt provided by Corporation is Negotiable instrument which can be pledged

in the Bank and obtain loan at concessional interest rate.

• Corporation has made an agreement/MOU with various banks such as - Union Bank of India,

Bank of Maharashtra, Panjab National Bank, Uco Bank, Central Bank of India, Indian

Overseas Bank, HDFC Bank, IDBI, SBI, Dena Bank, Bank of Baroda for providing

immediate pledge loan facility.

35

• Online-warehouse receipt is issued to depositors and pledge loan up to 75 % of value of stock

can be obtained from various Banks.

• At Present 141 warehouse centers are working on-line and remaining will be on-line shortly.

• As per the Notification by Central Government dated 31-12-2012 through which immediate

pledge loan facility is available at concessional rate (7% )as equal to crop loan. Corporation

has made an agreement/MOU with Banks to provide pledge loan facility to primary

agriculture producer.

Summary of pledge loan from different Banks to Farmers and Traders.

Sr.

No

Particular Total No. of WHR Issued Bank Loan Amt. in Rs. In Cr

1 Farmer 27716 118.05

2 Traders 34617 322.45

Total 62,333 440.50

Corporation has undertaken construction of Cold Storage at Panvel, Navi Mumbai - 5000 MT

capacity.

To benefit the Farmers, Traders and Consumers reducing the intermediaries. The Quality of

the Agri produce shall be maintained and create high value yielding mechanism to the farmers. The

Cold Chain functionality will be on the principles of networking the infrastructure in Hub & Spoke

Model. This project is innovative and will be pioneer project for the State.

It will be seen from above that MSWC has started taking initiatives to provide the facilities in

the State.

But still there are various areas of the State, which require the warehousing facility urgently

as lacking in infrastructure which is resulting in keeping the farmers / needy away from using the

benefits of the warehousing MSWC has endeavor to create infrastructure, but due to lack of funds,

the limitations arise. To cover the same the govt. support is needed.

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REVIVAL OF WAREHOUSING FROM THE AGRICULURE

PERSPECTIVE

1. To boost farmers economy - implementation of WDRA, NWR is important in the State. For

this there is need of warehousing infrastructure.

2. To make available storage infrastructure chain of godowns/ warehouses available need to be

brought under HUB and SPOKE module, to facilitate farmers at their door step.

3. The need of warehousing / storage is required by public sector for MSP procurement, PDS;

which is need of time to reduce wastages of food grains. The locations need to be ascertained

and storage infrastructure need to be developed.

36

4. Warehousing need to be considered as primary sector, instead of neglected sector. The lands

need to be made available under support from Govt. at free of costs to PSUs, as the income

from this infrastructure is meager.

5. The Financial support needs to be given to public sector organizations such as CWC, SWC to

create the infrastructure in backward areas.

6. The funds at lower interest rates need to be made available. The benefits of RIDF shall be

given to CWC, SWC without Govt. guarantee, OR Govt. guarantee shall be provided to the

public sector organizations.

7. The value added services such as cleaning and grading facility, laboratory testing, pledge loan

financing, with interest subvention, marketing facility shall be provided through chain /

network. For this purpose the Banks, Commodity Exchanges shall support or become the part

of this integrated programme.

8. Cold storage / cold chain requirement to be backed by Govt. funds through public sector as

SWC.

9. Govt. support for funding through special window for Warehousing Infrastructure shall be

continued through budget support, which will result in increase of Storage Infrastructure to

cater the need.

------------

37

3. Animal Husbandry

Livestock sector plays an important role in Indian economy. It is an important sub-sector of

Indian Agriculture, forming a backbone of income for rural people. Agriculture has remained a major

source of employment and our daily food. In this sector rural poor contributes to economic

growth sacrificing his own benefits. The ownership of the livestock is more evenly distributed with

landless labourers and marginal farmers owning bulk of livestock. Animal Husbandry activity runs

throughout the year and thus has become a constant & major source of income for the Livestock

owners. The progress in this sector results in balanced development of the rural economy aiming at

reducing the poverty among the weaker section. Apart from assistance in upliftment of the poor &

marginal sections of the society, the Animal Husbandry also aids in satisfying the protein hunger of

the ever growing population of the country. Malnutrition among children is another serious

problem, the country is facing, which can be effectively tackled by supporting the Animal Husbandry

sector. It is evident from the graph below that, every one rupee out of four rupees earned by an

Indian farmer is contributed by the livestock.

(Source:- Basic Animal Husbandry & Fisheries Statistics, 2014 – Govt. of India)

Since, the country is still the agriculture dominant nation, at least in terms of employment it

provides, the problem it has faced time & again is that of uncertainties in agriculture, may be owing

to vagaries of nature, inconsistent monsoon & decreasing soil fertility in addition to the inadequate

irrigation, agriculture produce storage facility and marketing infrastructure. This has resulted into

limitations on dependence on Agriculture alone for the employment generation and generation of

income for the rural poor. Despite sincere efforts at all levels to improve agricultural activities in

certain parts of Maharashtra like Vidarbha & Marathwada, farmer‟s suicides could not be

controlled. But, at the same time, it is well experienced fact that Animal husbandry has acted as a

strong buffer in absorbing the shocks of these uncertainties and thus preventing the suicides in other

parts of Maharashtra.

Recently, Hon. Chief Minister of Maharashtra, while taking review of the works

undertaken in suicide prone areas of 14 districts of the state, emphasized to develop

schemes/programs having „End to End‟ activities i.e. total integration right from production to end

use by the consumer is ensured, whereby higher share of benefit of the labour put in by the farmer is

directly transferred to the farmer himself.

Animal husbandry has been instrumental in economic strengthening of the women folk,

which is among the frontrunner policies of the government. Backyard poultry keeping and goat

rearing are traditional sources of income to rural women at the time of urgent domestic needs.

Livestock Agriculture Forestry andLogging

Fisheries

4.1

11.0

1.6 0.8 3.5

8.4

1.3 0.8

Share of Livestock and Fisheries Sector vis-à-vis Total GDP 2012-13

Current Price Constant Price(2004-05)

38

The Department of Animal Husbandry was established long back on 20th

May 1892. It is one

of the oldest government departments having vast network of service outlets of 4861 veterinary

dispensaries up to village level. The department went through many reforms and restructuring

episodes, which resulted into change in the objectives to :

1. Genetic improvement of the livestock.

2. To enhance the production of Milk, Meat & Eggs in the state.

3. To disseminate the information & knowledge about improved animal husbandry

practices through Extension & Training

4. Employment Generation in rural areas through Animal Husbandry

5. To help the farmers to generate supplementary income from the animal husbandry.

Our researchers have been revolving around the laboratories. The real intention of research

which is a two-way process i.e. “Land to Lab” and “Lab to Land” , as Hon. Prime Minister has

expressed, has not been achieved. Isolated scattered efforts won‘t give relief to the livestock keepers,

unless there are focused and integrated efforts. Famous Saint Tukaram Maharaj has said ‗शुध्द बबजापेाटी फळे रसाळ गोमटी’ i.e. Pure seeds will produce good quality fruits. We have to accept the

fact that in spite of our sincere efforts since White Revolution to improve productive breeds, the

livestock owner or Pashupalak has to struggle a lot to get healthy, productive animals having proven

genetic record. This fact suggests that we should have thousands of large breeding centres all over

the country with marketing facility so that Pashupalak can get good animals at affordable price and

with less travelling/transport stress.

Apart from cows and buffaloes, sheep and goats also must be met with similar policy. Due to

shortage of beef, the demand for sheep/goat meat will increase. But right now, goat meat is sold at

Rs.450/Kg to consumer which is really unaffordable to a poor man. Therefore, multiplication of

sheep/goats is a need of time which is possible only through a high quality research work on

productivity of pure bred animals and cross breeding policy.

The only satisfactory progress which has taken place is in poultry where private

entrepreneurs have put research as well as money to develop the industry. Though eggs and meat are

available at affordable prices, this industry needs boosting to maintain per capita availability,

especially backyard poultry will cater the need of animal protein. If each rural family keeps some

birds, it will use few eggs for family consumption and remaining eggs will be sold, thereby

synergetic effect will be reduction in malnutrition and raising some income to purchase daily needs

like staple food grains, spices etc. for the family.

Many of the schemes and programs were planned, designed, formulated and implemented in

last 67 years after independence to fulfil these objectives. It is indispensable to take review of these

schemes and programs in order to know what we have achieved, where we stand and where we have

to go. As such the Animal Husbandry sector is divided into 6 major sectors as follows,

1. Milk - Background of Production:

Although India ranks first in milk production with 100.9 million tonnes. Milk production with

an annual incremental growth rate of 6 million tonnes per annum is needed over next 15 years to

meet the growing demand of milk in the country. Milk productivity per animal is 987 kg/lactation as

compared to that of world average of 2038 kg/lactation.

39

The above graph represents a steady growth in milk production over last 63 years.(Source:-

Basic Animal Husbandry & Fisheries Statistics, 2014 – Govt. of India)

In Maharashtra, total estimated milk production during the year 2013-14 was 9.089 million

tonnes, as compared to the last year‘s (2012-13) production of 8.735 million tonnes, with 4 %

growth rate. Considering the constraints of fodder availability, it is necessary to have a look at the

productivity per animal in Maharashtra. At present, it is very much less at 1435 kg/lactation in cross

bred and 268 kg/lactation in non descript as compared to the national average at 987 kg/lactation and

the world average of 2038 kg/lactation. This has resulted into less per capita availability of the

milk in the state as compared to national average, as shown in the following graph.

(Source:- Basic Animal Husbandry & Fisheries Statistics, 2014 – Govt. of India)

The following graph reveals the dynamics of productivity of Crossbred cows, Indigenous

/ ND cows and Buffaloes.

0

100

200

300

Yearwise Per capita Milk availability (Gms/ day) in Maharashtra State

Gm/day

40

It is noticeable that productivity of Indigenous cows and buffaloes‘ has been progressing at a

very slow pace over last 25 years. But, from the line of productivity for the crossbred cows, it is

evident that we have not been able to cash upon benefit of hybrid vigour, which we got through cross

breeding programme, we are practicing for last 40 years.

2.0 Breeding Policy:

2.1 History:

The cattle breeding policy has been explicit right from the beginning but it was not

implemented under prescribed regulations. The cattle breeding policy was reviewed from time to

time and as early as 1965, the scientific panel on Animal Husbandry of the Union Ministry of

Agriculture clearly laid down the breeding policy for cattle. It had three main elements:

a. Selective breeding amongst the cows of indigenous breeds,

b. Grading up of nondescript cattle with established elite breeds, and/or

c. If optimum inputs were available, crossbreeding of the nondescript cows with exotic dairy

breeds.

This was followed in 1968 by a large scale-crossbreeding programme – All India Coordinated

Research Project (AICRP) – approved by the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR).

2.2 It would appear that India faltered not because of a faulty breeding policy but because of

faulty implementation. Some observations are as under:

1. Did not devise a regional micro level breeding policy as recommended by NCA from the

beginning.

2. Did not adhere to the basic elements of restricting crossbreeding of exotic dairy breeds only with

nondescript cattle.

3. Did not enact statutory legislation or set up a regulatory authority that would have prevented

indiscriminate breeding even in the home tract of elite indigenous breeds resulting in their

extinction.

4. Did not adhere to the NCA‘s recommendation to obtain bulk of the exotic inheritance through the

Jersey breed. The commission had recommended that Holstein Friesian (HF) be restricted in milk

shed area with availability of high grade inputs.

5. Did not foresee the issues that would emerge due to the introduction of exotic germplasm/breeds

adapted to the high-input system nor how they would perform in low-input environment.

6. Did not foresee and take preventive measures for the possible transfer of new disease to our

livestock population such as IBR and Blue Tongue that came into India through imported

semen/animals.

7. Did not take into consideration the severe feed/fodder resource limitation in the country. Even

now, according to an estimate, the country is deficient by 45 per cent concentrate and 31 per cent

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

Pro

du

ctio

n

Breedwise Milk production over the year (000 Tonnes)

Crossbred

Indigenious

Buffalo

41

dry fodder. The state is deficient by 59% in green fodder, 31% dry fodder and 32% in

concentrates.

8. Did not ensure availability of progeny-tested bulls that were required to maintain the desired

inheritance level in crossbred cows.

9. Allowed crossbreeding of exotic breeds with elite indigenous dairy breeds like Sahiwal, Gir,

Tharparkar, Red Sindhi and Rathi with a view to synthesizing a new cattle strain for the tropical

climate of India. The synthesized strains have not been promising and the efforts to produce

suitable crossbred are yet to be successful. Worse, in this fruitless effort, we are almost at the

edge of losing our prized indigenous dairy breeds.

2.3 Village level problems with crossbreds

The two most alarming problems of crossbreds in the field are reproductive disorders and

susceptibility to diseases such as Foot and Mouth (FMD), IBR and Brucellosis. IBR entered in to

India through import of semen/dairy animals from western countries and played havoc with our cattle

and buffalo population.

Amongst the reproductive disorders anestrum, subestrum, repeatability, infertility,

endometritis, salpingitis and delayed post-partum heat were common. More than 70% of farmers

rearing buffaloes and more than 60% rearing cows had preferred natural service to artificial

insemination (AI), due to low conception rate through AI. Other major problems were mastitis, hoof

disorders, laminitis and pendulous udder, especially in HF crosses.

2.4 Crossbreeding:-

Crossbreeding of indigenous tropical breeds with temperate dairy breeds is undertaken to

combine high milk yield and early maturity of European dairy breeds with hardiness, disease

resistance, and adaptability of local cattle. These crossbreeding experiments clearly demonstrated

that crossbreeds were better producers of milk than indigenous breeds and were more adaptable to

the tropics than pure-bred exotic breeds.

2.5 Conclusions:-

The following conclusions emerge from the analysis of various crossbreeding experiments:

a) Significant reduction in age at first calving and calving interval was observed in crossbreeds. Two-

to-three fold increase in milk yield depending upon the exotic and indigenous breeds used, level of

exotic inheritance, availability of inputs and climatic conditions.

b) Holstein crosses were superior to other temperate breed crosses for growth and production while

Jersey crosses had better reproductive efficiency.

c) Exotic inheritance, at around 50 per cent, was ideal for growth, production and reproduction

although production in higher grades in most of the studies fell short of theoretical expectations.

Grading up therefore to a total replacement of genes will not lead to higher levels of production in

cattle.

d) Declines in milk production from the F1 to F2 generation was due to diminished heterosis in part.

Large declines in some experiments were due to poor quality crossbred bulls used. In most of

these experiments progeny tested superior sires were used to produce F1 progeny, while no

selection among F1 sires was practiced. Part of the decline, therefore, due to non-selection of F1

sires was expected. The need for vigilance, excellent records, and resources is paramount for

efficient upgrading programs.

42

e) Under free choice feeding, the crossbreeds (half-breeds, 3/4 with two exotic breeds) gave 30

to 60 per cent more milk than their contemporaries under general management. Management and

feeding norms for crossbreeds therefore need to be laid down in order to achieve the potential of

crossbreeds.

There is little doubt that crossbred cows have a major share in this feat but the role of

indigenous and nondescript cows cannot be ignored. Crossbreeding was introduced in the country

more than half a century ago to quickly enhance milk production. The basic idea was to utilize the

higher milk yield trait of exotic breeds and heat tolerance and disease resistance capacity of the

indigenous breeds. The idea was excellent but it needed a distant fine-tuning of breeding policy to

sustain milk production for a long time and not to lose India‘s precious indigenous germ plasm. The

Breeding Policy for Cattle and all the schemes supporting the implementation of this policy are

aimed at conversion of Indigenous and Non-Descript(ND) cows into crossbred ones, in the hope of

harnessing the sudden jump of production from 1 to 1.8 lit of Indigenous/ND cows to 5.1 to 7 lit of

crossbred cow. But, in the absence of any Regulation for Animal Identification, Performance

Recording, Selection & planned breeding, we have lost the advantage gained by initial cross breeding

in cattle. Moreover, in the pursuit of cross breeding, we have lost our some of the prestigious

indigenous animals by converting them into cross breeds. In spite of a clear breeding policy in place

right from the beginning, unchecked and unrestrained crossbreeding has been going on even in the

home tract of famous indigenous breeds, resulting in the dilution of precious germplasm, extinction

of elite breeds and the production of crossbred population of unknown genetic makeup. Further, due

to presence of multiple agencies providing Artificial Insemination services in the field, with no

control & regulation whatsoever over them, the result is the production of cross bred animals with

use of multiple breeds with no breeding record.

3. Semen production scenario :-

At present, there are 49 semen stations producing 66.8 million doses. Top 10 semen stations

are producing 53% of the total doses and top 25 semen stations are producing some 80% of the total

doses. In the evaluation carried out by the Central Monitoring Unit of GoI during 2010, 37 semen

stations were graded either ―A‖ or ―B‖. In Maharashtra we have got 4 major semen stations, 3 run by

Maharashtra Livestock Development Board (MLDB) and 1 by BAIF. Out of 3 semen stations of

MLDB, Pune has secured ‗A‘ grade, Nagpur was graded ‗B‘ and Aurangabad was not graded due to

a minor technical shortcoming for eligibility. The BAIF lab was graded ‗B‘ by the CMU. The present

semen production capacity of MLDB labs is 32.21 lakh semen doses per year, which is very much

insufficient to cater to the needs of Artificial Insemination for the total breedable cattle & buffalo

population of the state which is 87 lakh.

Therefore, it is high time to Re-visit the Breeding Policy for Cattle. In 1960-70, it was

need to go for such policy to cater the milk need of the country. It also envisaged the castration of

scrub non-descript bulls. Definitely it was welcome decision at that time. But while introducing

castration policy of non-descript bulls it was highly expected that known indigenous breeds were to

be systematically promoted for production. Our own breed , Gir was taken by Brazil which now

produces average milk yield 4000 to 5500 litre/lactation in Brazil and if we want to have a pure

Gir breed cow/bull, we have to look to Brazil. Similarly, Sahiwal was utilized for its quality of heat

tolerance and tick resistance in Australia. This is a failure on our part that we could not pay much

attention to our own indigenous pure breeds which are not only sturdy but having added quality

factors in milk of our cows. This milk is termed as A2 milk having superiority over non-humped

HF/Jersey breeds whose milk is termed as ‗A1‘. If systematic study is conducted by Research

43

institutes and Universities, perhaps milk of Indian cow may be most favoured milk in the world,

fetching more foreign currency.

The Government of India has taken initiative by launching two National Kamdhenu

Breeding Centres, one in M.P. and another in A.P. But it will not suffice the purpose of promoting

cow as a holy animal. There must be more number of such centres to undertake pure breeding of

indigenous breeds in the States.

Suggestions for Cattle / Buffaloe Breeding Policy:-

1. Revision of Breeding Policy for cattle & Buffaloes with emphasis on upgrading with

Indigenous breeds with Animal Identification, Performance Recording, Selection & planned

breeding.

2. Immediate enactment and implementation of Bovine Breeding Regulation Act in the state.

3. Re-Organization and Strengthening of the implementing agency i.e. Maharashtra Livestock

Development Board (MLDB)

4. Establishment of Bull Mother Farms(BMF) for all native indigenous breeds as well as

for other important breeds and Strengthening of existing BMFs to the level that they would be

in capacity to sale hundreds of Pure bred heifers & bulls to farmers.

5. Establishment of at least one new state of the art Frozen Semen Laboratory.

6. Establishment of Embryo Transfer laboratory and mass use of this technique to produce

high quality breeding bulls.

7. To establish a modern training facility for training of AI technicians, ET technicians, Farm

managers and farmers.

8. All inclusive growth through people‘s participation in the form of Breeder‘s Associations,

NGOs, Gaushalas, FIGs etc.

2. Sheep and Goat Development

Sheep and Goat activities can strengthen the rural people economy, improve their level of

nutrition and generate employment opportunities. The importance of goat in the rural economy is

evidenced by its unparalleled economic traits, ability to get acclimatized under diversified agro-

climatic conditions, unfastidious type in choosing available forage, higher fertility and short

generation interval. However, Small ruminant farmers face tremendous hurdles in forward and

backward linkages, inputs & services in sheep and goat rearing and marketing practices. It is a vital

livelihood activity but it is also an unorganized highly exploitative occupation for small ruminant

keepers.

2.1 Meat Production-

As per Statistical Report of Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Maharashtra State for the year 2013–

2014, Sheep and goat meat production is about 11.95 % of total meat production in the state of which

2.49 % is form sheep and 9.46 % is from goats. Category wise estimated production of meat is

shown in the graph given below.

44

(Source: ISS Report on Milk, Egg, Wool & Meat Production in Maharashtra State for the year 2013-14)

Scope for small ruminant Meat Production : Taking into consideration taste and nutritive value,

no religious taboo, there is more demand for small ruminant meat. There is continuous increase in

demand of small ruminant meat due to increase in human population, change in dietary habits of

human being and increased living standard. To fulfill the demand and availability of meat it is

necessary to adopt modern technologies of management through the capacity building of all

stakeholders.

Considering 50% slaughter for meat purpose of Sheep and Goat and 5% mortality there is

increase demand to propagate small ruminants. Sheep and goat rearing is still today carried out in

very traditional way, there is necessity to upgrade farm management practices improved skills which

can be delivered to rear through quality training program and to boost up the sheep and goat rearing

business in the state.

There are 316 registered slaughterhouses in the state. These slaughterhouses need to be

modernized to provide wholesome & hygienic meat to the public. Besides this, unauthorized

slaughter is very common practice in rural as well as urban areas of the state. Very few

slaughterhouses are exclusively established for small ruminants. It is required to establish modern

slaughter house at every block from the Public Health point.

For sheep and goat development, Punyashloka Ahilyadevi Maharashtra Mendhi VA

Sheli Vikas Mahamandal Ltd., Pune was established in 1978 and some NGO‘s are also working

in this sector. They are also taking much efforts in coordination with Government for enhancing the

sheep and goat development.

Corporation has 9 sheep and goat development farms with 2326 Hectares land. of this, 171.87

Hectares is under cultivation. 5183 indigenous sheep and goat of valuable germ plasm available with

the corporation. Total carrying capacity of 9 farms is 8,000 sheep & goats.

Even after the establishment of corporation , developmental activities of sheep & goat in

terms of establishment of Breeding Farms of Exotic/Local/Cross-breed Sheep & goats in the State,

multiplication of such units at location convenient to sheep & goat rearing, availability of good

animals for distribution to farmers, import, export & sale of the sheep & sheep origin products,

crossbreeding programme for up gradation of local sheep & goat , enhancement of productivity has

not been achieved to a greater extent. The intention behind the appointment of people representative

as the Chairmen of the corporation was to have peoples participation in the development of sheep &

goat sector in the State as well as development of the community traditionally engaged in this

activity. This doesn‘t seem to have been fulfilled even after 36 years of establishment of the

corporation. Therefore it is necessary to rethink on this policy and restructure in the governing body

of the corporation in order to achieve the objectives in the coming period.

0

100

200

2002…

2003…

2004…

2005…

2006…

2007…

2008…

2009…

2010…

2011…

2012…

2013…

2014…

Mea

t P

rod

uct

ion

Year

Categorywise Meat production for various years (000 Tonnes)

Cattle

Buffalo

Sheep

Goat

45

2.2 Strategy –

1. It is necessary to take wider participation of private /co-op/social sector for carrying out the

targeted genetic improvement of livestock and establishment of open nucleus breeding farm.

2. Smallholder goat and sheep rearers in India have largely not benefited from sheep genetic

improvement programmes. So, enhancing awareness among the farmers, establishing and

strengthening community organizations, and linking them with existing structures such as

SHGs are also likely, with some monitoring, to sustain themselves after the government

project is over.

3. Systematic genetic improvement programmes such as the all India Coordinated Research

Projects , implemented by the government, MAFSU and other institutions, usually lacked

adequate links with sheep and goat rearers and their participation, and have not established

community organisations.

4. A strong community organizational structure and improved level of awareness and

empowerment of participants in a Cross-breeding programme is more likely to be beneficial

to smallholders if more appropriate and productive breeds are used and networks of flocks

for multiplying exotic breeds are established.

2.3 Recommendations –

1. There is need to increase the foundation stock in thousands of recognize breeds at the state

breeding farms under corporation.

2. There is need to intensify the research carried out for enhancement of productivity of small

ruminants by different institutes under one umbrella. There is also need to carry out extensive

extension work to popularize breed developmental activities of such institute.

3. As far as breeding activates are concerned there is need to carry out research in development of

pure, exotic and Indigenous breeds. Further research in crossbreeding of exotic & Indigenous

animals particularly for various productive traits like mutton, twins and triplets has to be carried

out.

4. The critical element in a genetic improvement programme is to have a holistic, integrated and

participatory approach, and carry it out systematically, following all logical steps involved. The

duration of a genetic improvement programme has to be at least 10 years and such programmes

require strong institutional support.

5. Semen freezing and artificial insemination (AI) technology can be used effectively in goat

breeding, to overcome the constraint of lack of good quality breeding bucks and the difficulty

and economic non-viability of maintaining a buck for smallholders. This technology is not so

practical for sheep breeding because of the way sheep are reared.

6. Sheep & goats are the grazing animals. It is fact that the availability of fodder through grass

lands are decreasing day by day. Also forest department has banned grazing of sheep & goats in

forest area. So, fodder availability is a major problem in sheep & goat husbandry. To overcome

this problem unconventional fodder resources like hydroponics, azolla and new high yielding

fodder varieties ( like Morenga Olifera) would be propagated through extension activities.

46

3.0 Disease Control in Livestock :

3.1) Disease Control Through Mass Vaccination:

For the control of Livestock Diseases various centrally sponsored programme have been

implemented in the state as listed below.

1) TB and JD control programme 2) Mastitis Control programme

3) Mucosal Disease Complex Control programme 4) Rabies Control programme

Separate programme for eradication of Rinderpest in Cattle, Sheep Goat have also been

initiated in the year 1993 as National Programme on Rinderpest Eradication in collaboration with

European Union. Mass Vaccination was under taken throughout the State and Sero surveillance was

also carried out. As a result, Disease has been eradicated from the state. Since the programme was

launched throughout the Country, India has been declared provisionally free from Rinderpest in 2006

by OIE.

From the 10th FYP, that is since 2003 all the above programmes were amalgamated into Livestock

health and disease control schemes. The national programmes for control of diseases such as Foot

and Mouth Disease, Brucellosis, PPR are already under implementation. For the effective control of

animal diseases above schemes need to be continued.

448.82 347.79 363.22 388.15 503.992 639.473 725.338 725.59

0

500

1000

20

07

-0

8

20

08

-0

9

20

09

-1

0

20

10

-1

1

20

11

-1

2

20

12

-1

3

20

13

-1

4

20

14

-1

5Year

Total No. of Vaccinations carried out in Livestock ( Fig. Lakhs)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

Vaccination against Economically Important Diseases ( in lakhs)

1 FMD

3 HS

4 BQ

5 HS+BQ

13 Brucella

47

Foot and Mouth Disease ( FMD-CP) and Peste-des-petits in Small Ruminants (NCP PPR),

these two control programmes needs to be implemented on mission mode at National level like Polio

eradication.

3.2) Strengthening Laboratory Infrastructure For Quick Diagnosis Of Livestock Diseases:

For quick and accurate spot diagnosis of various economically important livestock

diseases it is necessary to develop spot diagnostic kits which can be used in the field conditions. In

addition to this in order to carry out seroprevallance studies, impact of vaccination and antigen

detection indigenous kits like Dot Eliza, lateral flow Eliza and LAMP test should be developed .

These kits should be available on mass scale.

There is also necessity of strengthening laboratory infrastructure in the state.

3.3) Maharashtra Animal Preservation (Amendment) Act, 1995 :

Now, Maharashtra Government has banned slaughter of entire cow progeny from 4th

March, 2015. Though it is a welcome policy, to maintain non productive animals is a herculean task

posed before the state. Gujrat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh have already banned the slaughter, but

their animals were coming to Maharashtra is a naked truth. Now due to ban in Maharashtra and the

policy is likely to be followed by the some other states in a country, it will be very difficult to

maintain these animals. Only in Maharashtra there will be addition of Three Lakh animals within a

year, with incremental growth in following years. It will increase the burden on the state budget

being a social responsibility to overcome the situation we have to evolve the sustainable full proof

policy of breeding. However, research needs to be carried out to study the medicinal value of the cow

dung & urine to fetch value addition.

020406080

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

Vaccination in Sheep and Goat ( in lakhs)

2 PPR 6 ET

020406080

100120

Vaccination in Poultry ( Fig. in lakhs)

7 RD

8 LASOTA

10 Fowl Pox

48

If we start now, it will bear fruits in the coming 10 to 15 years. There is also necessity to

establish goshalas throughout the State and existing goshalas needs to be strengthen. Also, there is

need to establish laboratories for meat inspection (for the differentiations of meat of different

species of animals).

There is also need to constitute State level controlling authority such as Gauseva Ayog in the

State of Maharashtra. The Ayog will govern and regulate various activities related with the welfare

of indigenous animals. It will also regulate prevention of possible illegal slaughter of the cow & its

progeny. The gaushala and panjarpoles in the State will function under the ambit of Ayog.

4.0 Poultry :-

The growth in the poultry sector has been driven by large commercial farms while small

farmers and the landless co-farms majority of poultry producers have been largely by passed by this

growth . But rigid entry barriers like supply chain demand, competition, lack of extension, marketing

services and access to appropriate technology serve as major impediments, disallowing poor to

participate in market opportunities. Given these reasons, the Government of India has flagged the

importance of the poultry development in reducing poverty and as projected that it could create

35,000 primary and another 50,000 subsidiary rural livelihoods.

In India both intensive and traditional system of poultry farming are followed but intensive

system is rapidly increasing due to rising land cost and other input costs and it is estimated that in

India 56% of Eggs are currently being produced in the intensive system. There are about 1 lakh small

farms scattered in rural areas practicing more extensive production system and having flock size

ranging from 25 to 250 birds. In Maharashtra as per 19th

Livestock and poultry census report 2012,

no of birds are 777.95 lakhs which has shown an increase of 20.13% over 18th

Livestock census. An

increase of 34.74% in commercial poultry and decrease of 12.52% in backyard poultry is seen. This

indicates that farmer is shifting towards intensive poultry farming from backyard system. Population

of layer birds is decreased by 29.74% with respect to last census. The state rank is 3rd

position at

national level as far as poultry population is concerned. Eggs production of the state for the year

2013-14 is 483 Cr and stands 6th

at National level.

The poultry growth is mainly restricted to commercial poultry. It is noted that 70% of the

poultry products and eggs are consumed in urban and semi urban areas. Poor availability is the major

limiting factor in the way of increasing consumption of egg and meat in rural areas. So it would be

necessary to increase egg production in the rural / tribal areas at par with the commercial poultry

sector.

The forecast surveys indicate that the demand for eggs in next 2 to 3 decades is likely to

increase many folds. The annual growth rate in Maharashtra is 5.81 % as compared to 8 to 10 %

growth rate in the country. With the annual production of 33 Billion eggs India is 5th

world‘s largest

egg producing country. The state contributes 14.64 % to the nation‘s egg production. The annual per

capita consumption of eggs in Maharashtra is 41 eggs as against 61 eggs at the National level. The

National Institute of Nutrition recommended consumption of 180 eggs per capita per year. This

shows that there is tremendous scope for growth.

49

Thus, we have to shift our focus from supporting only to backyard poultry farming to

intensive poultry farming. So far, all the schemes and programs were aimed at propagating CARI

approved breeds mainly amongst the poor and below poverty line beneficiaries. Today also, a major

scheme of rural backyard poultry development sponsored by Govt. of India is totally concentrating

upon the BPL beneficiaries. But, looking at the opportunities to provide animal originated protein at

the cheapest cost through eggs and poultry meat, the intensive poultry farming and the poultry

industry needs to be supported in various ways. The long standing demand of the poultry

entrepreneurs to consider poultry farming as a agricultural activity needs to be addressed

expeditiously. Poultry feed cost is constantly fluctuating depending upon the cost of raw material.

Therefore, it is required to have a regulation to regulate the poultry feed cost. The charges for

electricity consumed by the hatcheries, feed plants, cold storages, processing plants, etc. Also should

be charged at subsidized rates. It is also necessary to regulate the growth of poultry industry in order

to harness the benefits in most appropriate way by enacting the poultry development regulation act.

5. Revolution In Animal Husbandry Through Advanced Training (RAHAT)

This project is first of its kind, in Maharashtra concentrating more on Animal Husbandry

activities and thus expecting to fulfil the ultimate goal of Entrepreneurship Development. However,

the earlier Project reports were focusing more on the wider concept of overall strengthening of the

Department of Animal Husbandry and thereby providing better health coverage , breeding facilities

to the livestock and poultry.

Knowledge of advancements in the profession of dairy farming, poultry farming and other

AH activities as in practice in the developed countries, developed fodder varieties and feeding

practices as well as the marketing strategies adopted will have to be percolated for the benefits of

farmers. Maharashtra State has experienced crop failure, deficient Monsoon, hail-storms and other

natural calamities in the recent years. All these collectively have affected the lively-hood of common

farmers leading to financial and mental distress and in extreme cases even resulting into Farmers‟

Suicides. However, this crisis can very well be resolved by adopting sustainable Animal Husbandry

activities to thrive through. This underlines the dire need for imparting a comprehensive vocational

training to farmers in improved A. H. practices.

A comprehensive, efficient and sound vocational training is therefore required for upgrading

the knowledge and skills of farmers and producers. For this, the proposed training institute to be

established will also act as a catalyst for availing financial assistance from the banks as well as the

33 35 33 33 32 32 33 35 38 39 40 41

Per Capita Egg Availability No./Annum in Maharshtra

Per Capita Egg Availability No./Annum

50

benefits of Government subsidies under different schemes. Therefore, it is proposed to establish a

State Level Farmers Training Institute (RAHAT) at Pune, in Maharashtra State having a training

capacity of 300 plus farmers at a time.

Providing hands on training to the farmers in RAHAT and arranging visits to the nearby /

State farms for obtaining better perspective will be taken up simultaneously during the training

periods. However, there is a need to strengthen and optimise State AH farms to fulfil the desired

target of providing (self) sustainability of the farms.

The training modules are also aimed at inviting attention of the African subcontinent as well

as Asian countries for deputing their farmers for the training purpose. India is a well accessible

destination for an economic and quality based alternative to the western world. This will fetch

foreign exchange in addition to the regular sources.

With this background, it is proposed to establish a full- fledged vocational training centre in

Maharashtra State near Pune city. This centre is expected to cover almost 22000 trainees every year.

The most important aspect of the training will be the simulatory hands on training to the participants

from various fields and having different awareness levels. For this purpose necessary infrastructure

of buildings, equipment, hostel, demonstration units etc. will have to be provided. Sufficient

Government land is available at “Tathwade” near Pune city under Animal Husbandry Department

for establishing this Training Centre. Required staff will be made available through outsourcing as

well as from the existing staff working under Department of Animal Husbandry, Maharashtra State.

It is estimated that for establishing this unique International level vocational training centre

(identified as RAHAT centre) a total expenditure of Rupees 357.30 Crores would be incurred. It is

also proposed that as a part of generous attitude indicated by Government of India and it may kindly

approve the project of establishing RAHAT centre in Maharashtra State and for that purpose may

kindly release 100% central assistance of Rupees 357.30 Crores to Maharashtra State spread over the

12th

and 13th

five year plan.

51

6. Fodder :

As per the estimation, there is 59.43 % and 31.25 % shortage of Green & Dry fodder

respectively in the state.

To overcome this shortage, there is necessity to implement the following measures.

1. Reservation of 10% land under cultivation for the fodder cultivation.

2. Fodder crops and fodder trees cultivation would be carried out in the available waste land.

3. Urea molasses treatment on low quality roughages on large scale.

4. Production of Fodder Blocks and establishment of Fodder Block Making Units.

5. Fodder crops should be incorporated in the cropping pattern and cropping policy of the state.

6. Unconventional feed resources should be exploited during scarcity / lean period of fodder.

7. Establishment of Fodder And Feed Development Corporation.

During the scarcity period and at the time of other natural calamities, it is a challenge to save

the precious livestock. During the year 2011-12 and 2012-13, there were more than 9.0 Lakh animals

admitted in the 1327 cattle camps and near about Rs. 1200 Crore was spent on their feeding.

Considering this fact, it is a need to establish a Fodder and Feed Development Corporation on

the basis of Food Corporation of India (FCI) at National level. As on pilot project, in Maharashtra,

The Fodder and Feed Development Corporation of Maharashtra would be established. It will

supply the fodder during scarcity and natural calamity period to animals of affected area of state and

other state also. If there is no scarcity , excess fodder will be made available on „no profit no loss

basis‟ to animal owners, Goshalas, government farms and other private organized dairy farms.

1108

450

659

59

443

305

139

31 111 75 36 32

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Requirement Availability Deficit % of deficit

Green

Dry

Concentrate

Lac M.T.

52

4.DAIRY DEVELOPMENT

Introduction:

Maharashtra State has the distinction of being the pioneer State in the field of Dairy

Development in the country. The Dairy Development is involved in collection, processing and

distribution of milk to the consumers. The consumers are provided quality milk at prices fixed by the

Government. Dairy Development activities are encouraged and promoted all over the State and not

restricted to specific pockets or areas in the State. It has been established that careful monitoring of

the dairy development program is very effective and remunerating source of income for farmers

throughout the year. Besides, it has good potential for employment generation both in rural and urban

areas.

Due to various cattle induction programs of Animal Husbandry Department where Dairy

Development Department has also co-operated with active participation at district level, milk

production in Maharashtra has reached to satisfaction.

Target (000 MT) Acheivement (000 MT)

X FYP 6976 6978

XI FYP 8450 8434

XII FYP 10764

1] BRIEF HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT

• Maharashtra is the only state in the country in which State Government is involved in

collection, processing & distribution of milk to the citizens at affordable rates.

• Aarey Milk Colony was established in the year 1947.

• In the year 1952 Asia‘s first dairy at Aarey was established.

• Government established Dairy Development Department in the year 1958.

• From 1960, milk from rural areas was collected and supplied to the urban areas.

2] AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF DAIRY DEVELOPMENT DEPAETMENT

• To develop the skills of dairying in rural people.

• To develop co-operative societies at village, taluka and district level.

• To encourage dairying in co-oprative sector and strengthen the co-operative dairies to be

economically strong.

• To ensure even production of milk in flush and lean season.

• To supply un adulterated and wholesome milk regularly to the people of urban area at

reasonable rates.

• To stabilize the milk prices & to control the Quality of milk.

• To procure excess milk from rural milk producer at reasonable price.

53

3] Progress of dairying in Maharashtra

Total 30,714 Primary dairy co-operative societies are registered in 41,095 villages of

Maharashtra.

Average 2/3 Co-operative societies have been formed in western Maharashtra.

Many villages of void of DCS, so formation of DCS has to be priortised.

There has been very little progress of dairying in Vidharbha, Marathwada and Kokan region.

The progress in dairying can be seen only in districts of Bhandara and Wardha of Vidharbha

region.

3] Current Scenario of Dairying in Maharashtra

• Milk production : 242 lakh ltr.day (LLPD)

• Milk handled by organized Sector

• Co-op., Govt. & Private : 122 LLPD ( 53%)

• Co-op. Sector : 49 LLPD (40%)

• Govt. Sector : 4 LLPD (3.5%)

• Private Sector : 69 LLPD (56.5 %)

• Surplus Milk in Co-op. Sector : 6 LLPD

• National Rank in milk prod. : 7th

• Population of state : 11.24 crore

• Population in rural area : 6.18 crore (55%)

• Per capita milk availability : 219 gms/day (India

300gms/day)

• No of Primary Co-op. societies : 31267

• Functional Co-op. societies : 18546

• Non functionalCo.op. societies : 12721

• No. of working District Co-Op Unions : 20

• No. of working Taluka Unions : 77

4] Swot Analysis of Dairy Department.

Strength:-

Huge infrastructure and man power.

Good will of Aarey and Energy brand.

Prime land in Mumbai and other cities.

1800 milk booths in Mumbai.

200 milk booths in all over state.

Spare processing and packing capacity.

Weakness:-

Surplus staff

Lack of technically network especially in Vidharbha, Marathwada and Kokan.

Out dated machinery.

Dilapidated buildings.

Less autonomy in decision making.

Lack of maintenance for want of sufficient funds both for machinery and building.

Since, Govt. is a supportive agency we can not be a part of competitive market.

54

Less procurement due to lower rates given to milk producers and lower commission to co-

operatives.

Distibutor‘s commission is not upto competitive market affecting milk sale and lack of

promotional scheme.

Overall expenditure on account of surplus saff and material resulting in heavy loss.

Aarey is reputed and well accepted brand.

Advertising of Aarey brand can help to generate more sales.

Tremendous scope for PPP (Public Private Partnership) since dairy property is located at

vintage points.

Wide scope for use of land resources.

By inviting PPP/ BOT we can regain our market position.

Opportunity:-

Aarey is a reputed and well accepted brand.

Advertising of Aarey brand can help to generate more sales.

Tremendous scope for PPP (Public Private Partnership) since dairy property is located at

vintage points.

Wide scope for use of land resources.

Huge land at Goregaon can be used for eco friendly tourist projects.

Dam at Dapchari can be used on BOT basis for fishing / boating and water games, water

park etc. If transport from Mumbai is made available.

Advertising and marketing efforts to push brand name and sales of Aarey products.

Threates:-

Heavy competition from private parties and from other states.

Scarcity of milk

Encroachment on prime lands

Esistance at stake.

5] Programmes/ Schemes implemented by the Dairy Dept.

a] Strengthening infrastructure for quality & clean milk production.

b] Assistance to co-operative Milk Unions.

c] Intensive Dairy Development Programme (IDDP)

d] National Project for Bovine Breeding & Dairy Development (NPBBDD).

e] RashtriyaKrishiVikasYojana (RKVY)

i) Integrated Dairy Farm Park project

ii) Building infrastructure for Cattle Market at Palghar:

iii) Advance Milk Processing Infrastructure Development Project by MMRSDM (Tetra

Brick/Fino)

iv) National Mission for Protein Supplement (NMPS): Advance MilkProcessing

Infrastructure Development Project by MRSDMM- (Establishment of 30 MTPD

SMP Plant)

v) Accelerated Dairy Development Program (ADDP)

6] Milk Policy :

• To ensure the availability of clean and safe milk in sufficient quantity to its people.

55

• To increase the per capita consumption of milk in state to WHO level.

• The policy of one village one society, one District milk union at District level & Federation at

State level needs to be adopted.

• The program of Artificial Insemination needs to be implemented on large scale to increase the

number of good quality cross-bred milch animals for milk production in milk deficit areas

like Marathwada, Vidharbha&Konkan.

• To establish cold chain at village level to improve the quality of raw milk produced alongwith

facility for green fodder, cattle feed etc.

• Implementation of Balanced Ration Program for animals to increase productivity of mulch

animals.

• The co-op. & private sector in the state is well established with 34% & 65% market share

respectively. Hence, PPP mode needs to adopted for minimizing the losses incurred by the

govt. dairies & chilling centers.

• Role of govt. in the dairying needs to be phased out gradually.

• To increase the consumption of processed and packaged milk, mass awareness campaigns

need to be undertaken on large scale.

• To protect the interest of milk producers, minimum Support Price for milk needs to be

introduced and make it mandatory for all concerned.

• Inclusion of milk and milk products in school feeding programme to protect the local dairy

industry from consequences of price fluctuation in international market .

Steps to be taken in next five years :

• Dairy Development Department aims to increase the share of organized sector in milk

industry from around 50% to 75% in next five years by providing necessary Infrastructure

support.

• Establishment of an Advanced Training Institute and Research Centre for Capacity building

of Farmers and Employees of Dairy Sector

• Strengthening & Revival of Primary DCS in the Suicide prone Districts of Maharashtra

56

5. FISHERIES

The State of Maharashtra has a high potential in the development of Fisheries. Maharashtra

has a coastal line of 720 kms. The existence of 2579 number of reservoirs gives scope for fisheries

in Inland area also. We also have potential fordevelopment of fisheries in Brackishwater. In the

coastal belt almost 12000 hectares of land is available for culturable fisheries in Brackishwater. Maharashtra has a large network of co-operatives. At present 3484 number of primary co-

operative societies have been registered for fisheries in the 36 districts of the state. Currently in

Maharashtra 14863 number of mechanized & non mechanized fishing boats for marine fishing have

been operating since last year. The potential assessed for marine fish production in Maharashtra is

estimated at 5.6 lakhs M.T. The marine fish production during the year 2013-14 was 4.67 lakhs M.T.

In the inland area the fish production during the year 2013-14 is 1.35 lakhs M.T.

For sustainable fishing, improvement in fishing technology & infrastructure, increase in fish

production & economic growth of the fisherman are some of the aspects which were mainly looked

after in the first 11 Five Year Plans.

Major schemes under various Government of India agencies were implemented in State

of Maharashtra :

1. Through N.C.D.C.loans are provided for construction of fishing vessels in marine sectors.

Loan is also provided for ice factory, cold storage, processing plants, transportation & marketing

through co-operative societies. So far loans have been provided for construction of 2837

number of fishing vessels. Loans too have been provided for the construction of 20 number of

ice

factories/cold storage, 1 unit of 100% export oriented fish processing plant & 126 number of

transport vehicles.

2. With the help of NABARD, RKVY, Centrally Sponsored Schemes 22 fishing jetties & basic

amenities have been provided in the coastal areas, 30 more jetties & amenity centres are under

construction. The construction of 3 fishing harbours is at initial stage & 7 more are at proposal

stage.

3. 46 inland fish seed production centres have been established in Maharashtra with the capacity of

45 crores fish seed. We are encouraging fish production by optioning fish tanks ranging from 20

hectares to more than 1000 hectares.

4. As a part of welfare activity & provision of basic needs to fisherman a scheme for housing was

taken up. So far 2312 number of houses has been constructed for fishermen through CSS with

50% assistance from State Government.

5. Group Insurance Scheme for accidental death & injury is provided to fisherman. The premium

is

equally shared by Central & State.

6. The improved technology of fishing in controlled situation is done through cage culture in

Maharashtra. So far 6 projects under RKVY (NMPS) were established in Maharashtra with

100%

assistance. We are getting a great response from enthusiastic enterpreneurs in the state.

7. For better implementation of Marine Fishing Regulation Act of the state we have deployed

patrolling boats in territorial waters of the state to protect the rights of traditional fisherman.

8. Diesel subsidy to the extent of reimbursement of VAT (100%) has been given to the fisherman

as

a part of encouragement by the State of Maharashtra.

57

9. 44 hygienic fish markets have been constructed & 15 are under construction through M.F.D.C.

assistance from N.F.D.B.

In order to tap the potential of fishing in the state to the fullest extent we propose to

take up following measures & activities : We are more keen in increasing the production through

culture & capture fishing with the use of advanced technology. We have still not fully exploited the

deep fishing technology. We propose to have courses in our training institutes & institutes of

fisheries for availing the advanced technology for deep sea fishing. We need to construct special

vessels for deep sea fishing & provide the same to the fisherman. We also propose exchange of

training & experiences with the fisherman of developed countries. In the past N.F.D.B.has arranged

such training & exchange programmes. Our training centres too can be upgraded with the help of

N.F.D.B.& Centrally Sponsored Schemes.

We are legging behind in the aspect of providing cold chain to the 720 kms coastal belts as

well as inland fishing areas. In order to convert fish seed production centres into scientific institutes

for fish seed production we need to develop our seed production centres in following manners.

1. To introduce genetically improved variety.

2. Capacity building of the technical staff in the fish seed centres, to incorporate participation of the

institutes such as CIFE, KKV, MAFSU, CMFRI, CIFT.

3. To encourage big enterpreneurs from processing industry. To encourage them for participation in

training & experience sharing.

4. To give financial assistance veanami prawns culture in fish pond to the co-operative sector as

well

as private entrepreneur.

5. Introduction of PPP Project for fish rearing & production. The production in such project can be

divided among the entrepreneur/co-operative, government & the local fishermen for a sustainable

&

long term fishing. In such projects the entrepreneur or the co-operative will have to be provided

better quality seed, feed, nets & boats.

6. In the field of marine fishing at certain places we want to adopt & encourage the technology of

cage

culture. Recently it has been observed that the species of L.calcarifer locally known as Jitada

can

be grown in larger scale along the coastal area is suitable for cage culture. The fish has high

protein & highly demanded in local markets. The low value fish can be utilised for value added

processed food such as pickles, wafers, noodles & sauces. We need to explore the possibilities of

producing different products through sea weeds. For this purpose we are required to encourage

sea weed farming in suitable areas of our coast line.

7. A systematic regular training programme on scientific development in farming practices,

emerging

environmental issues in fisheries & aquaculture, business approaches in processing & marketing,

and on extension activities to Farmers/Master Trainers/Fisheries Officers/Fisheries Functionaries

at

induction level is needed. A fixed training programme through N.F.D.B.is proposed.

Systematic generation of employment : In order to generate large scale employment in the

inland areas we want to target our 192 fishing tanks having areas above 200 hectares. As per our

calculations per such tank 20 fishermen will get employment & the total number of 3840 fishermen

will get employment. We have 2065 tanks having area below 200 hectares. Per tank 10 fishermen

will get employment & total number of employment in this category will be 20,650. Besides these

58

tanks we have 31,425 Z.P.tanks (Local Body Tanks) in the states. If we consider employment to 4

fishermen per

tank total figure goes to 1,25,700. In addition to this, considerable number of unemployed will get

employment in the activity of preprocessing & marketing of fish to the extent of another 1,25,000

workers. The total employment generated through this process will be 2,75,190.

In Marine sector we propose to provide employment to 5,00,000 fishermen doing all sorts of

activities such as sailor (khalashi), boat operator, assistant boat operator. Besides these all activities

from harvesting to post harvesting, processiing & marketing too are included.

In the sector of Brackishwater culture of prawns per 2 hectares pond employment can be

given to 5 persons including enterpreneur. We have 3000 hectares covered under brackishwater

farming. We proposed to add another 9000 in coming future. So the total generation of employment

will be about 30,000.

Long Term Policy for increasing Fish Production :

In next 5 years we would like to give emphasis on sustainable fisheries development with

ecological balance. In order to achieve this we are required to deploy better regulatory & monitoring

system, we propose to strenghthen the patrolling units & upgrade patrolling vessels. At the same

time, we propose to amend the provisions in the Marine Fisheries Act for facilitating a better fishing

environment for Deep Sea Fishing & fishing in territorial waters. We also propose to provide

processing vessels with modern technology for exploiting Deep Sea untapped resources. We have

already taken up steps for observing uniform fishing ban period for marine fishing in territorial as

well as Deep Sea Waters. For saving the juvenel fish during fishing in territorial waters as well as

deep sea, a new Mesh Regulation Policy for fishing nets is under process. It will help in saving the

juvenel fish & maintain bio-ecological balance & increase the fish production.

Encourage co-operative movement :

In the 7 coastal districts of Maharashtra, we have 495 number of registered fishermen's co-

operative societies. So far the existence of these societies have helped in proper distribution of

government schemes among the fishermen & proper implementation of the same. This is also true in

case of co-operative societies 2979 working for Inland Fisheries. Maharashtra has always been

looked after as pioneer & guide in effective working of co-operatives.

We propose to strenghthen the co-operative movement of fishermen by weeding the unruling

element in the societies by trimming the number of societies as per its actual performance. We

propose to put more responsibilities on shoulders of fishermen by alloting them diesel pumps, ice

factories, cold storage, processing & export facilities. We also adopt the policy of inclusion in the

maintenance of jetties & common amenities. The local fishermen societies will be directly

responsible for maintenance & regulation of fishing jetties.

The co-operative societies in the inland areas will be provided with separate rearing units

alongwith fishing reservoirs for multiplying fish seed before stocking in the reservoir. Small jetties,

boats & auction halls are proposed in the nearby area of fishing reservoirs through N.F.D.B.

Facilities & Assistance to the fishermen :

We are in a position to expand extention activities for upgrading the skills of fishermen &

provide technically advanced infrastructure through N.F.D.B; R.K.V.Y; N.C.D.C. & NABARD.

Development of Basic Infrastructure Facilities :

We would like to enhance the basic facilities such as fishing jetties, auction halls, toilets, net

mending yards & fish drying platforms for marine as well as inland fishing sectors. Currently we are

59

getting funds from R.K.V.Y; NABARD, Centrally Sponsored Schemes & state funds. In order to

make it more sustainable & durable for a longer period of time, we want to introduce PPP model for

providing above facilities. The PPP operator will be given free hand in providing the facilities. At

the same time, the fish production will be suitably divided between government, PPP operator & the

fishermen in inland sector. In the marine sector PPP operator will provide landing other facilities to

the fishermen & the boats on the basis of rates decided by State Government.

We also propose to bring more competency in fish seed production by alloting 19 fish seed

centres to private fish producers by auctioning.

We also propose to strenghthen statistical wing of the government for getting better picture of

the fishing through enhanced analytical system, computerisation & physical verification of the data.

60

6. AGRO FORESTRY

Due to increasing industrialization and urbanization there is adverse affect on agro forestry

and the area under agro forestry is rapidly decreasing. The population is increasing in the urban

cites due to employment opportunities and other facilities. Due to increasing Industrialization there is

tremendous increase in pollution and on environment. As a result there is increase in temperature,

disasters, droughts, natural calamities which has adverse affect on human health and resources.

For implementation of Agro Forestry program 226.1 Lakh non forest agricultural land is

available in the state. On these lands if afforestation work is done the agriculturists have to be

associated so that they are benefited in a big way and goal of 33 % of geographical area can be

achieved as per National Forest Policy 1988. Accordingly following alternatives are proposed:

1 Farm Forestry on Degraded Lands

While proposing afforestion on agricultural lands, it has to be assured that there is no reduction

in agricultural production in the country. Hence, on such lands where agriculturists are not taking

crops such as waste lands etc are proposed for increasing tree cover. In this scheme the afforestation

is proposed both on the farm bunds and unproductive lands around agricultural lands.

2. Planting of Fruit bearing trees

Plantation of fruit bearing trees is proposed, in the Konkan Region Mango has best results as well

as plantation of climatically suitable fruit trees in Vidharbha, Marathwada & Khandesh

3. Intercropping in Integrated Watershed Program

Under this scheme in the State a total of 1049 projects are proposed on 45.21 hectors of land by

which productivity of waste lands will increase and economic conditions of farmers will increase and

tendency of suicide by farmers in Maharashtra will be curtailed.

Hence, on forest lands, waste lands & farm bunds under agro forestry there will be considerable

increase in forest cover. Through Agro Forestry in the rural areas the need for fodder, fuel, timber,

fruits and forest dependent industry needs will be met and there will be increase in forest cover and

employment. The main aim of the scheme is to improve economic conditions of people below

poverty in the rural areas and to increase tree cover in the state to meet the targets of 33 % of the

geographical area under forest/tree cover as per National Forest Policy 1988. Through agro forestry

by planting trees like Teak, Shivan, Maharukh, Shishu, Karanj, Mahua, Eucalyptus, Subabul and

Bamboo etc. more carbon will be stabilized to meet the ill effects of climate change as well as there

will be increase in forest based industries like Paper, Plywood, Particle Board, Furniture industry,

Bamboo industry as well as there will be material available for small scale industries through Agro

Forestry.

In view of above, through Agro Forestry, Inter-cropping with variety of species there will be an

improvement in agro-climatic zones with the help of research done by Agriculture Universities in the

State of Maharashtra.

Through Agro Forestry and Intercropping in the Six Revenue regions and every Taluka, through

high-technology nurseries and clonally improved tall trees with training and extension is proposed.

The high-tech nurseries will serve as service centers for the agriculturalists to impart technology for

plantation.

61

After considering all above, by this department under MNREGA following two plantation schemes

are proposed;

Model 1- Unit of hundred tall trees is proposed per unit on Private lands, Farm lands,

Agricultural lands and in the house premises.

Model 2- Planting of 1111 tall trees on the agricultural lands.

62

7.Economics & Statistics

Maharashtra is the second largest state in India in terms of population and geographical area.

About 65 per cent population of the State directly or indirectly depends on agriculture. The total

geographical area is 307.58 lakh ha of which gross cropped area is 231.16 lakh ha, while net sown

area is 173.44 lakh ha (56.4 per cent). The area under forest is 16.9 per cent, land not available for

cultivation 10.3 per cent, other uncultivated land 7.9 per cent and fallow land is 8.5 per cent. The

Gross State Domestic Product of the State for 2014-15 is about 14 per cent of the Gross Domestic

Product.

1.1 The sectorwise percentage distribution of Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) shows that

the percentage share of agriculture and allied services sector was 31 per cent in 1960-61. It declined

to about 10 per cent in 2014-15. The share of services sector increased from 46 per cent to about 64

per cent during the same period.

Table 1.1: Sectorwise percentage distribution of GSDP at current prices

Year Agriculture and

Allied Services Industry Services Total

1960-61 31 23 46 100

1970-71 22 29 49 100

1980-81 24 30 46 100

1990-91 21 32 47 100

2000-01 17 25 58 100

2010-11 12 30 58 100

2011-12 12 28 60 100

2012-13 11 28 61 100

2013-14 11 27 62 100

2014-15 10 26 64 100

Fig 1.1 Sectorwise percentage pistribution of GSDP at current prices)

Agriculture and Allied Services

31%

Industry23%

Services

46%SecSec

1960-61

Agriculture and Allied Services

10%

Industry26%

Services64%

Sec

2014-15

Sec

63

1.2 The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) during 2004-05 to 2014-15 for GSDP at Constant

(2004-05) prices of Agriculture and allied sector is 3.5 per cent (CAGR of agriculture sector is 3.5

per cent, of forestry sector is 3.7 per cent and that of fisheries sector is 1.9 per cent), industry sector

is 8.2 per cent and that of services sector is 9.5 per cent.

Table 1.2: GSDP at constant (2004-05) prices

(` Crore)

Year Agriculture and Allied Services

Industry Services GSDP Agriculture* Forestry Fisheries Total

2004-05 34423 9130 1374 44927 123022 247531 415480

2005-06 38364 9147 1551 49062 146308 275559 470929

2006-07 44587 9817 1542 55945 169451 309258 534654

2007-08 51855 10197 1589 63642 189333 341857 594832

2008-09 41549 10775 1484 53808 187322 369062 610191

2009-10 43287 9610 1462 54358 200235 412352 666944

2010-11 54016 10227 1504 65747 227552 448743 742042

2011-12 51633 10862 1570 64065 228002 483542 775610

2012-13 51282 11508 1594 64384 249074 522470 835929

2013-14 55441 12258 1613 69311 260289 567167 896767

2014-15 48636 13151 1655 63441 270726 613383 947550

* Agriculture including Livestock

1.3 The growth performance of the agriculture & allied sector has been fluctuating across the

plan period. The growth rate during IXth FYP was (-) 0.8 per cent. It was 5 per cent during Xth FYP.

During XIth FYP it came down to 3.5 per cent.

Fig 1.2 Growth rates during FYP

1.2 1.3

2.3

-0.8

5

3.5

-2

-1

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

IX X XI

Gro

wth

Rat

e

FYP

GSDP GSDP (Agri.& allied services)

64

1.4 The growth trends of total economy and that of Agriculture & allied services sector shows

large variations. It also shows under-performance of Agriculture & allied services sector for most of

the years in the past decade..

Fig.1.3 Growth of overall GSDP and of Agri. & allied services sector

1.5 There is lot of variations in the Agriculture growth pattern of different states. CAGR (for

2004-05 to 2013-14) of Agriculture & allied services sector is highest for Madhya Pradesh among

major states followed by Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. CAGR of fishing sub sector is highest for

Andhra Pradesh followed by Rajasthan and Karnataka.

-7.0

-15.5

21.0

-8.5

8.9

5.7

-20.0

-15.0

-10.0

-5.0

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

20

04

-05

20

05

-06

20

06

-07

20

07

-08

20

08

-09

20

09

-10

20

10

-11

20

11

-12

20

12

-13

20

13

-14

20

14

-15

AGRICULTURE & ALLIED SERVICES

GSDP at constant (2004-05) prices

65

Table 1.3: Growth rates of agriculture sector for major states

(Per cent)

State Sector Year-on-Year

CAGR

2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

A.P.

Agriculture -3.0 3.2 19.5 -2.7 8.6 -4.5 0.5 5.9 5.9 3.5

Forestry & logging 4.1 1.9 2.2 2.6 -0.5 4.5 3.9 2.5 1.3 2.5

Fishing 4.3 4.0 15.5 1.8 0.4 15.3 15.1 14.8 16.6 9.6

Ag & Allied -1.5 3.2 17.9 -1.8 6.8 -1.1 3.2 7.5 7.9 4.5

Gujarat

Agriculture 27.1 -1.1 10.5 -8.7 -1.1 25.5 6.4 -10.9 32.3 7.9

Forestry & logging 0.6 0.0 0.4 0.4 1.0 2.1 0.3 5.2 2.1 1.3

Fishing 20.1 4.1 -3.8 5.8 1.8 0.9 -2.9 1.0 12.7 4.2

Ag & Allied 23.1 -0.7 8.7 -7.2 -0.7 21.6 5.5 -9.0 28.3 7.0

M.P.

Agriculture 8.0 2.8 -1.8 9.6 9.4 0.2 14.8 19.5 22.1 9.1

Forestry & logging 0.2 -1.7 1.5 2.2 5.6 0.9 0.1 3.9 -0.7 1.3

Fishing -1.6 8.1 -6.8 11.2 -3.4 0.8 13.1 13.0 12.9 5.0

Ag & Allied 7.0 2.3 -1.5 8.8 8.9 0.2 13.4 18.2 20.4 8.4

Maharashtra

Agriculture 11.4 16.2 16.3 -19.9 4.2 24.8 -4.4 -0.7 8.1 3.5

Forestry & logging 0.2 7.3 3.9 5.7 -10.8 6.4 6.2 5.9 6.5 3.7

Fishing 12.9 -0.6 3.1 -6.6 -1.5 2.9 4.4 1.5 1.2 1.9

Ag & Allied 9.2 14.0 13.8 -15.5 1.0 21.0 -2.6 0.5 7.7 3.5

Rajasthan

Agriculture 0.5 8.2 1.5 4.7 -3.4 42.0 -1.2 -0.4 5.5 5.7

Forestry & logging -0.7 3.0 2.4 0.8 1.6 3.4 0.2 0.7 2.4 1.5

Fishing 9.3 20.1 3.3 5.0 11.6 4.8 6.9 8.7 7.1 8.4

Ag & Allied 0.3 7.5 1.6 4.2 -2.7 36.5 -1.1 -0.3 5.1 5.2

Karnataka

Agriculture 11.0 -3.5 14.0 1.4 4.0 16.2 -8.2 -3.2 0.6 3.3

Forestry & logging 1.8 2.8 2.7 5.3 3.9 13.4 2.3 -0.7 5.2 4.0

Fishing 15.9 -8.6 3.8 25.4 9.2 30.2 4.9 -9.2 0.8 7.3

Ag & Allied 9.9 -2.8 12.4 2.3 4.1 16.2 -6.6 -3.0 1.3 3.5

India

Agriculture 5.5 4.1 6.3 -0.3 0.4 9.5 5.3 0.9 -- --

Forestry & logging 1.8 3.3 1.4 1.9 2.9 2.4 1.9 2.9 -- --

Fishing 5.9 6.6 5.8 2.7 3.2 5.8 5.7 7.1 -- --

Ag & Allied 5.1 4.2 5.8 0.1 0.8 8.6 5.0 1.4 4.7 3.9

: Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation, GoI Source

1.6 The share of ‗fruits & vegetables‘ in Gross Value of Output (GVO) of Agriculture of the

State is about 26 per cent followed by fodder and grass, fibres, cereals and oilseeds.

66

Table 1.4: Percentage distribution in GVO of agriculture sector

Particulars 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Cereals 14.6 14.4 14.0 16.2 14.1 13.2 13.6 12.9 11.7 11.0

Pulses 6.1 6.9 7.7 8.7 5.7 8.1 7.1 5.8 6.7 7.3

Oilseeds 9.1 8.6 8.3 12.0 7.2 6.7 9.4 8.8 11.9 10.8

Sugar 5.1 8.7 10.7 11.6 13.6 11.3 11.8 16.2 10.9 10.1

Fibres 7.5 5.5 7.4 9.3 9.2 7.8 13.7 10.6 10.2 12.8

Drugs & Narcotics 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0

Condiments &

Spices 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.6 3.2 1.0 0.9 0.8

Fruits & Vegetables 28.6 27.4 25.8 19.3 23.0 21.1 19.2 23.8 24.7 25.8

Fodder & Grass 16.6 15.8 13.4 12.4 16.7 22.4 15.0 13.5 15.3 14.3

By-Product 7.9 8.6 7.8 6.5 7.5 6.3 5.2 5.6 5.9 5.6

Floriculture 2.5 2.4 3.3 2.6 1.7 2.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1

Kitchen Garden 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.5

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

1.7 Land Utilization Statistics: During last decade i.e. from 2002-03 to 2012-13, land put to

non-agriculture usage has increased by 6.2 per cent. The gross cropped area during the same period

increased by 10.5 per cent.

Table 1.5: Land utilization statistics of the State

(Area '000 ha)

Year

Land not

available for

cultivation

Other uncultivated land Fallow lands Cropped

Area

Gross

cropped

Area

Barren

and un-

cultiv-

able

Land

Land

put to

non-

agri-

cultural

uses

Cultu-

rable

waste

land

Perman-

ent

pastures

and

grazing

land

Land

under

miscella-

neous

tree

crops

and

groves

Cur-

rent

fallows

Other

fallows

Net

area

sown

Area

sown

more

than

once

1990-91 1622 1091 966 1125 301 898 1063 18565 3295 21859

1995-96 1544 1349 960 1166 292 1072 1248 17980 3524 21504

2000-01 1544 1364 959 1168 327 1126 1276 17844 3775 21619

2002-03 1544 1371 958 1168 328 1736 1308 17195 3720 20915

2005-06 1720 1407 914 1252 249 1327 1204 17473 5083 22556

2006-07 1719 1412 915 1252 249 1324 1196 17478 5079 22557

2007-08 1718 1427 916 1248 248 1327 1188 17473 5182 22655

2008-09 1718 1433 918 1246 248 1372 1188 17422 5032 22454

2009-10 1729 1443 917 1242 250 1373 1189 17401 5211 22612

2010-11 1731 1449 919 1242 250 1366 1179 17406 5769 23175

2011-12 1728 1451 919 1244 250 1378 1192 17386 5720 23106

2012-13 1722 1456 916 1245 251 1418 1200 17344 5772 23116

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

67

1.8. Monsoon: About 75 per cent of the cultivated land in the State is monsoon dependant.

Average annual rainfall of the State is 1441 mm. The south-west monsoon lasts from June to

September. The rainfall is varying across the State and it is as high as 2829 mm in Konkan, 838 mm

in Marathwada and 1101 mm in Vidarbha. Out of total 355 talukas (excluding those in Mumbai City

and Mumbai Suburban districts) in the State, 226 talukas received deficit rainfall in 2014.

Table 1.6: Classification of talukas according to broad category of rainfall received

Broad category of rainfall

(percentage to normal)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Excess (120 & more) 114 27 81 195 46 30 186 17

Normal (80 – 120) 189 202 88 145 209 189 153 112

Deficient (40 – 80) 52 126 178 15 100 133 16 213

Scanty (0 – 40) 0 0 8 0 0 3 0 13

: Commissionerate of Agriculture, GoM Source

1.9 Irrigation: The percentage of gross irrigated area to gross cropped area during 1960-61 was

6.5. This percentage reached to 17.9 per cent during 2009-10.

Table 1.7: Area irrigated („000 ha)

Year

Area irrigated Gross

cropped

area

Percentage of gross

irrigated area to

gross cropped area Wells Other

sources Net Gross

1960-61 595 477 1072 1220 18823 6.5

1970-71 768 579 1347 1570 18737 8.4

1980-81 1055 780 1835 2415 19642 12.3

1990-91 1672 999 2671 3319 21859 15.2

2000-01 2262 987 3249 3852 21619 17.8

2005-06 2077 1070 3147 3810 22556 16.9

2006-07 2109 1137 3246 3958 22557 17.5

2007-08 2151 1160 3311 4037 22655 17.8

2008-09 2115 1140 3255 3970 22454 17.7

2009-10 2159 1162 3321 4050 22612 17.9

2010-11 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23175 N.A.

2011-12 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23106 N.A.

2012-13 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 23116 N.A.

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

1.10 Operational Holdings : There were 1.37 crore total operational holdings in the State as per

Agricultural Census 2010-11 of which 78.6 per cent operational holdings belonged to marginal and

small farmers with land holdings less than or equal to two ha. This percentage was 42.8, 50.5, 63.4

and 73.4 as per the respective decadal agricultural census 1970-71, 1980-81, 1990-91 and 2000-01.

Average size of operational holdings was 4.28 ha during 1970-71 which has declined to 1.44 ha

during 2010-11. The small and marginal farmers face various problems like non-availability of

agricultural implements and are far from the advantages from mechanised farming.

68

Table 1.8: No. and area of Operational holdings in the State according to Agricultural

Censuses

Size class

(ha)

No. of operational holdings ('00) Area of operational holdings ('00 ha)

1970-

71

1980-

81

1990-

91

2000-

01

2005-

06

2010-11 1970-

71

1980-

81

1990-

91

2000-

01

2005-06 2010-11

Below 0.5 6834 9914 16672 27462 31658 36457 1634 2630 4119 7328 7740 9180

0.5—1.0 5585 9345 16075 25595 29525 30633 4142 7103 12057 19159 20274 22680

1.0—2.0 8783 15409 27276 36056 41503 40523 12842 23337 39833 51271 52476 57390

2.0—3.0 6266 10275 13969 15791 17020 15463 15386 25363 33689 37414 37542 36681

3.0—4.0 4606 6583 7289 6949 7496 6128 15920 22815 25108 23676 23756 20974

4.0—5.0 3576 4601 4469 3780 4037 3142 15961 20556 19864 16717 16717 13901

5.0—10.0 8715 9316 7241 4873 5214 3964 61213 63937 48700 32084 32135 26027

10.0—20.0 4180 2819 1530 773 622 590 56302 37213 19749 9961 6776 7524

20.0 and above 961 363 176 97 81 89 28394 10662 6129 3418 2634 3314

Total 49506 68625 94697 121376 137156 136989 211794 213616 209248 201028 200050 197671

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

Fig.1.4 Average size of Operational holdings in the State

1.11 Area and Production of Food grains and Oilseeds: Though, area of all cereals has

decreased from 106.06 lakh ha in 1960-61 to 77.02 lakh ha in 2013-14, yield rate has increased from

637 kg/ha to 1481 kg/ha. Area of pulses has increased from 23.49 lakh ha to 39.53 lakh ha during

the same period and yield rate has also increased from 421 kg/ha to 802 kg/ha. However, area under

total foodgrains has decreased whereas yield rate has increased during the same period. Area under

oilseeds has increased from 17.18 lakh ha in 1970-71 to 41.48 lakh ha in 2013-14 along with increase

in yield rate from 438 kg/ha to 1160 kg/ha for the same period.

4.28

3.11

2.21

1.66

1.44

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11

Size

Cla

ss (

ha)

Year

69

Table 1.9: Area and production of total foodgrains and oilseeds in the State

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

Year All Cereals All Pulses Total Foodgrains All Oilseeds

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

1960-61 10,606 6,755 637 2,349 989 421 12,955 7,744 598 1,868 - -

1970-71 10,320 4,737 459 2,566 677 264 12,886 5,414 420 1,718 753 438

1980-81 10,976 8,647 788 2,715 825 304 13,691 9,472 692 1,780 728 426

1990-91 11,136 10,740 964 3,257 1,441 442 14,393 12,181 846 2,826 1,882 666

2000-01 9,824 8,497 865 3,557 1,637 460 13,382 10,133 757 2,559 2,099 820

2010-11 8,985 12,317 1,371 4,038 3,096 767 13,023 15,413 1,183 3,628 5,056 1,394

2011-12 7,564 10,427 1,378 3,297 2,310 701 10,861 12,737 1,173 3,702 4,518 1,221

2012-13 7,442 8,882 1,193 3,322 2,360 710 10,765 11,242 1,044 3,692 5160 1398

2013-14 7,702 11,404 1,481 3,953 3,170 802 11,655 14,574 1,250 4,148 4,812 1,160

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

1.12 State wise yield rates of total foodgrains shows that yield rate of Punjab is highest followed

by Haryana, West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh. Yield rate of Maharashtra is lowest among major states.

Table 1.10 Statewise yield rates of total foodgrains

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 2138 2365 2231 2613 2744 2294 2530 2519 2670 2661

Bihar 1192 1311 1656 1546 1766 1530 1479 2098 2366 2018

Gujarat 1412 1551 1423 1831 1595 1560 1843 1874 1970 2097

Haryana 3092 3045 3393 3420 3387 3383 3526 3879 3689 3855

Karnataka 1388 1776 1289 1548 1511 1377 1684 1629 1488 1620

Madhya Pradesh 1131 1130 1167 1069 1168 1285 1162 1510 1676 1603

Maharashtra 836 948 940 1150 1001 1039 1184 1155 1038 1207

Punjab 4040 3986 4017 4255 4231 4144 4280 4364 4347 4500

Rajasthan 1008 919 1119 1180 1263 931 1250 1348 1480 1334

Tamil Nadu 1874 1847 2610 2125 2225 2477 2393 3162 2131 2554

Uttar Pradesh 1961 2057 2057 2206 2365 2236 2386 2498 2542 2484

West Bengal 2479 2423 2511 2525 2493 2522 2601 2645 2717 2721

All India 1652 1715 1756 1860 1909 1798 1930 2079 2129 2120

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

1.13 Statewise yield rates of total oilseeds shows that yield rate of Tamil Nadu is highest followed

by Gujarat, Haryana, Punjab and Maharashtra.

70

Table 1.11 Statewise yield rates of total oilseeds

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 757 698 609 1276 842 724 861 650 849 929

Gujarat 990 1544 908 1618 1345 1109 1692 1608 1103 2231

Haryana 1176 1124 1344 1214 1723 1645 1855 1394 1712 1637

Karnataka 587 600 478 681 556 502 782 665 647 824

Madhya Pradesh 833 1009 955 1015 1075 1129 1143 1073 1231 858

Maharashtra 817 925 963 1274 857 725 1394 1223 1337 1276

Punjab 1098 1097 1111 1288 1276 1354 1336 1360 1350 1335

Rajasthan 1079 1134 1146 1051 1114 1066 1203 1243 1296 1144

Tamil Nadu 1483 1624 1829 1739 1782 1898 2076 2479 2103 2362

Uttar Pradesh 861 993 837 856 865 753 832 828 898 810

West Bengal 964 952 918 997 828 1065 1048 994 1162 1181

All India 885 1004 916 1115 1006 958 1193 1133 1168 1168

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

1.14 The area under rice has increased from 13.00 lakh ha in 1960-61 to 16.12 lakh ha in 2013-14

alongwith the increase in yield rate from 1054 kg/ha to 1935 kg/ha. Area under wheat does not show

such trend but the yield rate has increased significantly from 442 kg/ha to 1602 kg/ha during the

same period. However, area under Jowar has decreased from 62.84 lakh ha to 30.48 lakh ha and yield

rate does not show specific trend. Area under Bajra has decreased from 16.35 lakh ha to 7.62 lakh ha

whereas the yield has increased from 299 kg/ha to 1035 kg/ha. Statewise yield rates shows that yield

rate of major cereals is lowest for Maharashtra among major states.

Table 1.12: Area and production of major cereals in the State

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

Year Rice Wheat Jowar Bajra

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

1960-61 1300 1369 1054 907 401 442 6284 4224 672 1635 489 299

1970-71 1352 1662 1229 812 440 542 5703 1557 273 2039 824 404

1980-81 1459 2315 1587 1063 886 834 6469 4409 681 1534 697 454

1990-91 1597 2344 1467 867 909 1049 6300 5929 941 1940 1115 575

2000-01 1512 1930 1277 754 948 1256 5094 3988 783 1800 1087 604

2010-11 1516 2691 1775 1307 2301 1761 4060 3452 850 1035 1123 1086

2011-12 1544 2849 1845 878 1499 1707 3229 2627 814 838 823 982

2012-13 1559 3078 1974 785 1199 1527 3290 2108 641 788 502 637

2013-14 1612 3120 1935 1097 1602 1461 3048 2482 814 762 788 1035

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

71

Table 1.13 Statewise yield rates of total cereals

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06 2006-07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 2773 2892 2813 3338 3346 2929 3200 3198 3380 3168

Bihar 1247 1368 1749 1615 1855 1595 1544 2193 2475 2100

Gujarat 1585 1758 1655 2073 1791 1771 2096 2142 2219 2370

Haryana 3196 3158 3497 3531 3486 3461 3628 4007 3800 3964

Karnataka 1778 2231 1715 1990 1917 1796 2260 2140 1909 2105

Madhya Pradesh 1342 1348 1375 1324 1391 1558 1502 1952 2100 2051

Maharashtra 963 1082 1075 1330 1172 1169 1370 1355 1187 1420

Orissa 1426 1511 1516 1676 1517 1576 1620 1447 1804 1820

Punjab 4060 4003 4033 4270 4243 4154 4291 4374 4382 4525

Rajasthan 1275 1171 1341 1490 1558 1191 1510 1707 1790 1671

Tamil Nadu 2199 2131 3032 2572 2612 2925 2897 3849 2542 3114

Uttar Pradesh 2150 2260 2266 2394 2551 2461 2605 2703 2752 2710

West Bengal 2542 2481 2575 2578 2545 2573 2664 2706 2778 2811

All India 1903 1968 2020 2151 2183 2075 2256 2415 2448 2462

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

1.15 The area under Tur has increased from 5.30 lakh ha in 1960-61 to 11.41 lakh ha in 2013-14.

Yield rate of Tur from 1960-61 shows downward trend which then started increasing from the period

of 2000-01 and reached to 906 kg/ha in 2013-14. Overall increase is observed in the area and yield

rate of Gram. In case of both, Moong and Udid, overall increase in yield rate is observed whereas

area shows decreasing trend. Statewise yield rate shows that Maharashtra is at the eighth position

among major states.

Table 1.14: Area and production of major pulses in the State

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

Year Tur Gram Moong Udid

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

1960-61 530 468 883 402 134 333 0 0 0 0 0 0

1970-71 627 271 432 310 87 281 0 0 0 0 0 0

1980-81 644 319 495 410 137 335 0 0 0 0 0 0

1990-91 1004 419 417 668 355 532 0 0 0 0 0 0

2000-01 1096 660 602 676 351 519 714 244 341 574 205 357

2010-11 1302 976 750 1438 1300 904 554 372 672 482 329 682

2011-12 1233 871 706 1075 857 797 433 254 586 364 249 685

2012-13 1214 1006 829 1135 868 765 431 211 490 360 214 593

2013-14 1141 1034 906 1820 1622 891 431 208 483 334 206 617

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

72

Table 1.15 Statewise yield rates of total pulses

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 565 772 679 803 818 740 675 637 833 928

Bihar 710 749 722 818 801 837 878 975 1052 1044

Gujarat 675 704 593 843 777 705 812 815 867 897

Haryana 793 622 824 602 972 758 899 706 800 819

Karnataka 376 487 377 531 466 451 561 492 555 641

Madhya Pradesh 759 754 780 609 808 871 656 803 972 861

Maharashtra 492 584 602 746 537 702 768 693 704 802

Orissa 388 416 445 446 481 460 486 471 513 537

Punjab 801 804 850 804 908 887 910 789 823 872

Rajasthan 375 261 462 401 497 204 686 546 603 593

Tamil Nadu 410 337 541 303 307 382 386 552 413 752

Uttar Pradesh 847 811 725 731 899 748 832 993 985 736

West Bengal 740 785 703 793 704 825 898 706 952 843

All India 577 598 612 625 659 630 691 699 789 764

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

1.16 Decrease in the area of Groundnut is observed from 10.83 lakh ha in 1960-61 to 3.15 lakh ha

in 2013-14 whereas overall increase in yield rate is seen. Area and yield rate under Soyabean shows

consistent increase i.e. 2.01 lakh ha in 1990-91 to 35.20 lakh ha in 2013-14 and 947 kg/ha to 1214

kg/ha for the same period. Fluctuation in the area under Safflower is observed eventually showing

decrease in it whereas its yield rate is consistently increasing

Table 1.16: Area and production of major oilseeds in the State

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

Year Groundnut Soyabean Safflower

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

1960-61 1083 800 739 0 0 0 331 0 0

1970-71 904 586 649 0 0 0 406 102 252

1980-81 695 451 648 0 0 0 480 174 363

1990-91 864 979 1132 201 190 947 634 258 408

2000-01 490 470 958 1142 1266 1109 296 122 412

2010-11 395 470 1290 2729 4316 1581 173 94 544

2011-12 323 375 1162 3010 3969 1319 131 71 542

2012-13 308 337 1094 3064 4690 1531 105 58 549

2013-14 315 393 1246 3520 4273 1214 107 61 576

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

73

1.17 Harvested area and yield rate under Sugarcane shows significant increase i.e. 1.55 lakh ha in

1960-61 to 9.37 lakh ha in 2013-14 and 66.92 kg/MT to 82.00 kg/MT for the same period. Overall

increase in the area from 25.00 lakh ha in 1960-61 to 41.60 lakh ha in 2013-14 and yield rate from

114 kg/ha to 361 kg/ha for the same period of Cotton (lint) is observed.

Table 1.17: Area and production of Sugarcane and Cotton in the State

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

Year

Sugarcane Cotton (lint)

Harvested

Area Area Production

Yield

(in MT) Area Production Yield

1960-61 155 155 10404 66.92 2500 1673 114

1970-71 167 204 14433 86.53 2750 484 30

1980-81 258 319 23706 91.74 2550 1224 82

1990-91 442 536 38154 86.40 2721 1875 117

2000-01 595 687 49569 83.27 3077 1803 100

2010-11 965 1041 85691 88.85 3942 7473 322

2011-12 1022 1172 89456 87.53 4167 6820 278

2012-13 938 1067 75335 80.00 4187 6793 276

2013-14 937 1099 76901 82.00 4160 8834 361

: Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

– (1) Information is based on final forecast. Note

(2) Production of cotton in 170 kg/bale in '000 bales.

1.18 The statewise yield rates of sugarcane shows that West Bengal is highest followed by Tamil

Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Table 1.18 : Statewise yield rates of Sugarcane

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

2012-

13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 74948 76765 82167 82170 78469 74101 77938 81794 79423 80130

Bihar 39460 42822 45953 35496 44324 43422 51466 51714 50896 49916

Gujarat 74072 74010 73037 71991 70181 80519 72421 63119 72102 72126

Haryana 62000 64409 68429 63286 57000 72095 71082 73253 73634 73520

Karnataka 80202 83411 87944 85752 83018 90335 93752 90251 84075 90250

Madhya Pradesh 40914 43694 43639 42287 42199 40821 40968 38685 44401 43415

Maharashtra 63194 77551 74898 80912 78969 84866 84866 84866 74650 82072

Punjab 60116 57857 60808 60818 57654 61667 59571 70663 71313 75000

Rajasthan 48526 61089 57771 57096 59723 57417 66891 70293 73056 68989

Tamil Nadu 100845 104671 105123 107484 106197 101452 108392 111378 97688 103575

Uttar Pradesh 60733 58201 59626 57212 52326 59251 56727 59583 59868 60453

West Bengal 66231 83180 76307 75266 93085 72522 75607 104567 100437 114273

All India 64752 66919 69022 68877 64553 70020 70091 71668 68254 70522

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

Table 1.19 : Statewise yield rates of Cotton

74

(kg/ha)

State 2004-

05

2005-

06

2006-

07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

2013-

14

Andhra Pradesh 316 347 381 523 434 374 480 443 521 495

Gujarat 421 604 625 581 507 551 671 689 603 685

Haryana 568 437 582 663 694 646 605 703 692 730

Karnataka 224 228 276 328 360 323 374 368 440 481

Madhya Pradesh 185 204 220 233 233 238 523 482 615 572

Maharashtra 176 187 253 373 257 285 367 297 314 358

Punjab 697 731 750 663 737 667 674 698 708 750

Rajasthan 297 317 363 397 408 345 457 483 529 557

Tamil Nadu 256 258 374 344 279 368 627 575 664 456

Uttar Pradesh 177 201 238 269 38 170 # # # #

West Bengal 255 510 438 274 364 430 # # # #

All India 318 362 421 467 403 403 499 491 486 510

: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI Source

#Included in others

Fig.1.5 Average growth in yield

2.2

4.0

3.53.7

2.8

1.6

2.2

1.1

3.1

2.4

0.9

2.5

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

An

dh

ra P

rad

esh

Gu

jara

t

Mad

hya

Pra

de

sh

Mah

aras

htr

a

Raj

asth

an

Kar

nat

aka

Har

yan

a

Pu

nja

b

Tam

il N

adu

Utt

ar P

rad

esh

We

st B

en

gal

All

Ind

ia

Total Foodgrains

2.1

8.5

0.3

4.6

0.6

3.4 3.4

2.0

4.8

-0.6

2.1

2.8

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

An

dh

ra P

rad

esh

Gu

jara

t

Mad

hya

Pra

de

sh

Mah

aras

htr

a

Raj

asth

an

Kar

nat

aka

Har

yan

a

Pu

nja

b

Tam

il N

adu

Utt

ar P

rad

esh

We

st B

en

gal

All

Ind

ia

Total Oilseeds

Note : Average Growth is indicated by CAGR of Yield from 2004-05 to 2013-14

1.3

4.14.3

4.0

2.7

1.7

2.2

1.1

3.5

2.3

1.0

2.6

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

An

dh

ra P

rad

esh

Gu

jara

t

Mad

hya

Pra

de

sh

Mah

aras

htr

a

Raj

asth

an

Kar

nat

aka

Har

yan

a

Pu

nja

b

Tam

il N

adu

Utt

ar P

rad

esh

We

st B

en

gal

All

Ind

ia

Total Cereals

5.1

2.9

1.3

5.04.7

5.5

0.3

0.9

6.3

-1.4

1.3

2.8

-2.0

-1.0

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

An

dh

ra P

rad

esh

Gu

jara

t

Mad

hya

Pra

de

sh

Mah

aras

htr

a

Raj

asth

an

Kar

nat

aka

Har

yan

a

Pu

nja

b

Tam

il N

adu

Utt

ar P

rad

esh

We

st B

en

gal

All

Ind

ia

Total Pulses

75

1.19 During XI FYP period, average annual growth rates of area under principal crops viz.wheat,

jowar, bajra in cereals group, gram in pulses group, groundnut, sesamum and sunflower in oilseeds

group has declined.

Table 1.20 : Average annual growth rates of area, production and yield of

principal crops (Per cent)

Crop X FYP (2002-03 to 2006-07) XI FYP (2007-08 to 2011-12)

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

Rice 0.20 2.89 2.64 0.24 3.54 2.92

Wheat 10.89 14.57 2.25 -4.56 0.56 3.54

Jowar -1.97 0.70 2.23 -6.54 -6.23 0.43

Bajra 1.33 7.63 5.08 -8.73 0.17 8.28

Maize 13.47 15.36 3.01 9.11 19.41 8.65

Ragi -2.00 -5.07 -3.39 -0.73 2.80 3.41

Total Cereals 0.60 2.52 1.95 -4.20 1.45 5.59

Gram 12.13 17.32 4.00 -2.60 3.31 3.82

Tur 2.30 1.78 -0.56 2.20 6.94 3.40

Total Pulses 1.81 3.92 2.06 -1.83 7.64 6.59

Total Foodgrains 0.90 2.70 1.80 -3.64 2.12 5.17

Sugarcane 14.58 16.17 1.21 6.20 9.15 2.38

Groundnut 1.19 -3.74 -4.47 -5.57 1.44 6.47

Sesamum -2.27 -5.41 -3.66 -13.94 -4.78 7.78

Sunflower 6.06 12.82 4.88 -20.00 -17.13 2.88

Soyabean 18.31 17.56 0.39 3.98 18.32 18.45

Total Oilseeds 10.39 11.54 1.49 -0.72 12.91 15.37

Cotton 0.19 12.92 12.38 6.21 12.94 5.68 : Office of Commissioner of Agriculture, GoM Source

1.20 Horticulture: Area and production data of fruits of major states shows that though area is

highest, yield is lowest. The State is at 4th

position in area under vegetables but its yield is

comparatively low.

Table 1.21: Area, production and yield of fruits of major states

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in MT per ha.)

State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

Andhra Pradesh 672 9841 14.65 941 13939 14.82 640 10511 16.42

Gujarat 354 7522 21.27 382 8413 22.05 371 8002 21.58

Madhya Pradesh 160 3391 21.25 195 5450 27.90 204 5696 27.95

Maharashtra 1560 10538 6.76 1549 9785 6.32 1565 13458 8.60

Rajasthan 49 614 12.59 47 717 15.41 37 582 15.56

Karnataka 372 6428 17.29 388 6620 17.05 396 6652 16.80

Assam 143 1852 12.97 151 2074 13.76 145 2008 13.88

Bihar 299 3946 13.19 301 4249 14.10 302 4014 13.29

Haryana 47 477 10.13 50 516 10.42 51 555 10.97

Punjab 71 1420 19.87 75 1503 20.06 77 1541 20.12

Tamil Nadu 332 8535 25.71 310 6700 21.62 329 7370 22.43

Uttar Pradesh 337 5795 17.19 326 5176 15.87 379 6887 18.17

West Bengal 217 3055 14.10 221 3173 14.38 224 2910 13.02

All India 6704 76424 11.40 6982 81285 11.64 6852 84536 12.34

Source: National Horticulture Board, GoI

76

Table 1.22: Area, production and yield of vegetables of major states

(Area in „000 ha, Production in „000 MT & Yield in Kg per ha.)

State 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14

Area Production Yield Area Production Yield Area Production Yield

Andhra Pradesh 661 12025 18.19 686 12105 17.64 440 8150 18.54

Gujarat 518 10050 19.42 538 10521 19.57 582 11571 19.87

Madhya Pradesh 507 10084 19.89 613 12574 20.52 629 13019 20.71

Maharashtra 591 8778 14.85 474 8008 16.89 726 10162 14.00

Rajasthan 182 1287 7.08 224 874 3.89 149 1114 7.48

Karnataka 455 7663 16.85 437 7842 17.96 419 7501 17.91

Assam 266 3046 11.45 279 3415 12.25 281 3032 10.77

Bihar 857 15552 18.15 862 16326 18.94 810 15098 18.64

Haryana 357 5068 14.21 360 5011 13.91 373 5566 14.92

Punjab 178 3675 20.62 184 3783 20.55 191 3936 20.61

Tamil Nadu 307 9068 29.57 278 7898 28.43 290 8679 29.95

Uttar Pradesh 852 18564 21.79 913 19572 21.44 859 18545 21.58

West Bengal 1331 23416 17.59 1348 25467 18.89 1380 23045 16.70

All India 8990 156325 17.39 9205 162187 17.62 9175 159250 17.36

Source: National Horticulture Board, GoI

1.21 Per ha consumption of fertilisers in the state is 102.73 kg which is lower than the national

average. The State ranks third in the consumption of pesticides during 2009-10

Table 1.23: Major statewise consumption of fertilizer during 2012-13

State Per ha Fertilizer Consumption in Kg*

N P2O5 K2O Total

Andhra Pradesh 122.72 49.20 17.38 189.30

Karnataka 68.27 29.83 19.13 117.23

Tamil Nadu 99.88 38.77 25.93 164.58

Gujarat 82.28 21.05 6.24 109.58

Madhya Pradesh 49.11 32.46 3.22 84.79

Maharashtra 56.85 29.74 16.14 102.73

Rajasthan 37.17 13.70 0.83 51.70

Haryana 157.26 47.74 2.56 207.56

Punjab 188.47 58.67 3.05 250.19

Uttar Pradesh 132.05 45.95 5.23 183.23

Bihar 154.46 45.26 12.51 212.23

Odissa 58.03 22.88 9.39 90.29

West Bengal 86.17 47.44 29.56 163.17

All India 84.54 33.44 10.36 128.34

* Gross Cropped area is 2010-11

: Department of Agriculture and Co-operation,GoI Source

77

Table 1.24: Consumption of pesticides in various states during 2005-06 to 2009-10

(000 MT)

State 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10

Andhra Pradesh 1997 1394 1541 1381 1015

Bihar 875 890 870 915 828

Gujarat 2700 2670 2660 2650 2750

Haryana 4560 4600 4390 4288 4070

Karnataka 1638 1362 1588 1675 1647

Madhya Pradesh 787 957 696 663 645

Maharashtra 3198 3193 3050 2400 4639

Orissa 963 778 N/A 1156 1588

Punjab 5610 5975 6080 5760 5810

Rajasthan 1008 3567 3804 3333 3527

Tamil Nadu 2211 3940 2048 2317 2335

Uttar Pradesh 6671 7414 7332 8968 9563

West Bengal 4250 3830 3945 4100 NA

India 39773 41515 43630 43860 41822

Source: Directorate of Plant Protection, Quarantine & Storage, Ministry of Agriculture, GoI

1.22 Livestock in the State shows increasing trend upto 1997 and thereafter shows decreasing

trend. However, total poultry shows overall increasing trend.

Table 1.25: Livestock and poultry in the State

(„000 ha)

Year Cattle Buffaloes Sheep

and

goats

Other

live

stock

+

Total

livestock

Sheep and

goats per

hundred

hectares of

grazing and

pasture land

(No.)

No. of

Livestock per

hundred

hectares of

net area

cropped (No.)

Livestock per

lakh of

population

Total

poultry $

1961 15328 3087 7273 360 26048 512 144 66 10578

1966 14729 3042 7326 352 25449 522 140 57 9902

1972 14705 3301 8038 317 26361 491 164 52 12217

1978 15218 3899 10199 326 29642 650 162 51 18791

1982 16162 3972 10376 409 30919 673 175 48 19845

1987 16983 4755 12068 449 34255 950 189 48 24839

1992 17441 5447 13016 489 36393 940 202 46 32187

1997 18071 6073 14802 692 39638 1104 223 50 35392

2003 16738 6084 13624 612 37058 1016 213 36 34596

2007 16184 6073 13301 397 35954 1064 206 37 64,756 @

2012 15484 5594 11016 395 32489 885 187 29 77,795 @

Source - Livestock Census

+ 'Other livestock' includes pigs, horses and ponies, mules, camels, donkeys.

$ Total poultry includes Turkey, Quail & other birds, @ Total poultry includes birds in poultry farm.

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1.23 The State ranks 7th

in India in milk production. Production of milk, eggs and meat shows

overall increasing trend.

Table 1.26: Production of milk, egg, meat and wool in the State

Year Milk

('000 tonnes)

Egg

(Lakh nos)

Meat

('000 tonnes)

Wool

('000 Kg)

2008-09 7455.16 33232.53 256.02 1707.29

2009-10 7678.21 38636.88 545.02 1726.05

2010-11 8044.04 42201.23 562.99 1448.00

2011-12 8468.96 43860.89 584.77 1469.16

2012-13* 8734.49 45661.06 590.68 1502.50

2013-14+ 9089.04 48314.57 604.62 1538.62

Source: Office of Commissioner of Animal Husbandry, GoM

Table 1.27 : Production of milk, egg, meat and wool

State

Milk

('000 tonnes)

Egg

(Lakh nos)

Meat

('000 tonnes)

Wool

('000 Kg)

2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014 2012 2013 2014

Andhra Pradesh 12088 12762 13007 212103 222974 227875 824 906 935 4924 5031 5037

Bihar 6643 6845 7197 7552 8372 9308 228 228 292 266 267 271

Gujrat 9817 10315 11112 14269 14558 15551 35 35 33 2819 2664 2578

Haryana 6661 7040 7442 41142 42343 43591 337 348 367 1333 1370 1390

Karnataka 5447 5718 5997 34699 36773 41301 140 166 170 7779 8020 7755

Kerala 2716 2791 2655 17049 22375 24769 426 401 416 0 -- --

Madhya Pradesh 8149 8838 9599 7972 8711 9671 39 43 48 413 442 466

Maharashtra 8469 8734 9089 43861 45661 48315 585 591 605 1469 1503 1539

Punjab 9551 9724 10011 36030 37911 43376 181 212 235 532 558 558

Rajasthan 13512 13946 14573 9605 10335 11903 122 152 175 13192 14007 15027

Tamil Nadu 6968 7005 7049 118518 119334 141235 460 462 465 1 1 2

Uttar Pradesh 22556 23330 24194 16075 17074 18122 956 1137 1221 1420 1456 1473

West Bengal 4672 4859 4906 43433 47115 47460 611 648 649 713 722 725

All India 127904 132431 137686 664499 697307 734379 5514 5948 6235 44734 46055 47909

Source: Based on reports published by Technical Committee on Direction (TCD)

79

1.24 National Sample Survey (NSS) 70th

Round was dedicated to ‗Land and Livestock holdings‘

and ‗Debt and Investment‘. As per this survey, incidence of indebtedness (IOI) in rural area of the

State is 31.3 per cent which is nearer to that of India.

Table 1.28 : Incidence of indebtedness (IOI) of households as on 30.06.12 by rate of interest for major

states: Rural

State Per 1000 no. of households reporting cash loan outstanding

Nil <6 6-10 10-12 12-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 >=30 All

Andhra Pradesh 33 68 51 223 53 196 5 52 75 541

Bihar 20 187 10 9 1 10 0 34 45 291

Gujarat 26 24 16 26 7 16 0 80 88 260

Haryana 25 36 10 28 15 64 3 83 33 239

Karnataka 36 155 31 102 28 97 3 64 80 464

Madhya Pradesh 14 82 10 14 5 50 1 64 34 247

Maharashtra 25 34 23 52 30 11 3 122 77 313

Punjab 12 32 23 52 22 44 1 75 133 331

Rajasthan 12 34 12 25 14 234 2 76 32 374

Tamil Nadu 8 120 28 132 47 96 5 60 27 397

Telangana 133 112 10 87 44 242 4 153 29 591

Uttar Pradesh 31 82 19 30 2 12 1 62 106 296

West Bengal 26 40 28 31 4 32 0 39 74 236

All India 29 74 22 58 16 57 2 61 65 314 Source: NSSO, MoSP

80

8.MARKETING

SUGGESTIONS FOR REINVIGORATING AGRICULTURAL

MARKETING

Agricultural marketing is one of the key development areas of the Government. For promotion and

regulation of agricultural marketing Government of Maharashtra has enacted The Maharashtra

Agriculture Produce Marketing (Development & Regulation) Act, 1963 and has also established

organizations such as Directorate of Marketing, Agricultural Marketing Board, and Warehousing

Corporation under which the agricultural marketing activities are carried out. There are 305 APMCs

and 604 Sub Yards in Maharashtra established with the aim of promoting agricultural marketing in

the state.

A) SUGGESTION RELATED TO ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE MARKETING:

There should be two arms working in the field of Agriculture Marketing, one catering to the

regulatory aspects and another to the developmental aspects.

There should be a Directorate of Marketing which is entrusted with the work related to

regulation of Agricultural Produce Market Committees (APMC), Marketing Co-operative Societies,

Agricultural Marketing Cooperative Societies, Consumer Cooperative Societies, Ginning and

Pressing Cooperative Societies, Marketing Federation, Private Markets, Direct Marketing, Single

Lisences, Contract Farming, Farmer Producer Originations and Agro Processing etc.

On the other side State Agricultural Marketing Boards should be entrusted with

developmental work in agricultural marketing and work related to all the above mentioned activities.

Marketing Boards should also be given the responsibility of creation of technical manpower for agro

marketing and development in all the Post Harvest activities. Marketing Board should also have an

independent Agri Marketing Consultancy wing. Marketing Boards play an important role in

development and coordination of agricultural marketing system in the State by way of supporting

APMCs for their growth and development, creation of export oriented infrastructure and export

promotion, design and implementation of schemes etc.

B) ESTABLISHMENT OF AGRI MARKETING DEMONSTRATION AND

DISSEMINATION CENTER:

It is suggested that a Agri Marketing Demonstration Center be created on a national level.

This center will decide the best practices to be adopted uniformly in agriculture marketing by farmers

and other stake holders, like traders, exporters, processors etc. throughout the country. The Agri

Marketing Demo Center (APMC) will cater the technological information about, technology of Post

Harvest, Grading, Packing, Storage, Market information dissemination, National and International

market trend etc. This information will be disseminated throughout the country.

The market reforms are typically aimed at improvement in marketing infrastructure and

functioning of middlemen sitting/functioning in regulated markets, typically commission agents and

wholesalers. However, outside this marketplace, the value chains of farm produce extends to much

more functionaries right from producer farmers to consumers. Of late, the market reforms process

has started including producers through FPOs and direct marketing initiatives. In addition to this, the

81

stakeholders involved in transport, storage and value addition activities and retailing needs to be

involved in the process of market reforms. Especially improvement in retailing of fruits and

vegetables would result in reduction in losses and improvement in quality.

Following activities should be included in the portfolio of Marketing Boards -

1) Documentation of marketing practices and

2) Identification of Good Marketing Practices (GMP).

3) Dissemination of GMP and assistance for adoption (Technical and Financial)

4) Incentives and awards for adoption of GMP.

C) OTHER SUGGESTIONS:

1) Reforms in Act

2) Restructuring of Market fees & De-notification

3) Development of Market Infrastructure

4) Backward linkages to market infrastructure (Farmer Producer Organizations)

5) Other marketing initiatives

6) IT Initiatives

7) Capacity Building

1) Reforms in the Act: The States should be directed to amend their respective Acts on the lines of Model Act circulated

by GoI. and the Report of the Committee of State Ministers, In-charge of Agriculture Marketing

to Promote Reforms. Some of the important reforms are -

Establishment of Private Markets and Treating them at par with existing APMCs

Direct Marketing Licenses

Single License

Contract Farming.

Strengthening of APMCs

Promote formation of Self-help Groups, Farmers/Commodity Interest Groups etc.

Adoption of modern and progressive system of registrations.

Development of Terminal Market Complexes.

Dedicated cadre for agriculture marketing - It is proposed that a full-fledged Department

of Agriculture Marketing with the expert and experienced officers in the field of agriculture

marketing be established in each State.

Warehouse to be treated as a market - A separate provision be incorporated in the Act to

enable declaring warehouse as a market. The farmers store their produce in warehouses,

where in trade of the same takes place. Thus this amendment will enable farmers to get better

return for their produce.

Barrier Free Markets - There should be a provision for a single window/ Unified Single

Registration for traders/market functionaries in the States to facilitate free trade.

To promote the grading and testing of agricultural produce, States are required to take

initiative for establishing grading units with trained manpower in the market to attend to work

of grading and testing.

82

2) Restructuring of Market fees & De-notification • Linking Mandi fee with services and infrastructure provided.

• Processed agri. produce like oil, dry fruits, raisins be deregulated from Act.

• Commission charges be restricted upto 3 & 6 % for perishable & non perishable respectively.

• Process for de-notification of fruits & vegetables be promoted.

• Limiting the area of operation of APMC to market yard.

3) Development of Market Infrastructure

a) Basic infrastructure in APMCs Auction Sheds, Godowns, Compound Walls, Yard Concretisation etc. be created in

APMCs., to increase arrivals in Market yards resulting in increase income of farmers,

enabling the markets to handle peak arrival of produce, to increase operational efficiency

and to reduce the undue wastage of agricultural produce.

Business Development Plan for all APMCs: Reforms in the Act and the changing

scenario of agriculture marketing have affected monopoly nature of business of APMCs

and have exposed them to competitive business with Private Markets, Direct Marketing,

Contract Farming etc. for income. A step towards, enhancement in the income of the

APMCs, a strategic approach is considered necessary, and hence, Business Development

Plans should be prepared for all the APMCs in the various states. Vital information in

respect of availability of basic infrastructure and infrastructure for value addition in

agriculture produce should be collected. With this information, a road map of

development can be prepared for the period of five years, which will transform APMCs

into a place of farmers first choice for sale of his produce. The aim is to make the APMCs

a place where the value addition in the agriculture produce is done with minimal

processing, such as grading, packing, cold storages, dal/oil mill etc. so that farmers get

good price for their produce.

b) Export facilities: To enhance the export of Agriculture produce from the country creation of Cold Storage,

Controlled Atmospheric Cold Storages, Pre cooling, Ripening Chamber, Irradiation Facility Center,

Vapor Heat Treatment Facility Centre, Dehydration Plant should be promoted.

c) Storage Facilities: Propaganda and promotion of installing cleaning machines, grading lines for value addition

of produce and creation of godowns and sillos for storage of goods be taken up national level.

d) Private Market Infrastructure:

Private Market should be encouraged to create modern infrastructure to cater to various types

of agriculture produce and minimize post harvest losses.

e) Weighing scale and unified market platform:

All APMCs should be directed to install electronic weighing scales and there should be

unified market platform so that there will be transparency in the transition.

f) Initiatives under PPP

Marketing infrastructure should be created under PPP mode in all the states.

83

4) Backward linkages to market infrastructure: Formation of Farmers Producer Companies, creation of dry and cold storages, controlled

atmospheric cold storages, sillos, ripening chambers in the production areas to supply agro produce

for the marketing.

5) Other marketing initiatives: Organisation of Fruits festivals.

Vegetable Market intervention scheme in fair price outlets by Govt. agencies.

Integrated Value Chain for Fruits & Vegetables – Collection and distribution of fruits

& vegetables should be done by Service Provider (S.P.). Suitable infrastructure be made

available to S.P.

Farmer to consumer direct marketing.

Establishment of farmers‘ producer companies for marketing their produce to consumers.

Branding of Agriculture produce be encouraged

Veg. Initiative Scheme - Formation of farmers association / groups, training / capacity

building of farmers, linking farmers groups with aggregators / markets, vegetable

production and supply to urban centers should be initiated in major cities of all the States.

Farmers‟ Weekly Bazar - Promotion of organising Weekly Bazar in different areas of

various cities for direct sale of fruit and vegetables by farmer to consumers.

6) IT Initiatives a) Independent IT department should be with SAMB

Market arrivals and price data collection.

Dissemination of price information through SMS, Mobile Apps & Toll free number.

Portal for Buyers and Sellers of Agri. Commodities

Computers should be provided free of cost under AGMARKNET Scheme of GoI

Provide Computer Training to APMC Staff for regular & effective use of Computer

Systems at APMCs

Online Software for process of Direct Marketing and Private Market.

b) Market Information Dissemination

Official websites of SAMB, both in local and English language

To provides information about schemes, projects and activities being carried out by

SAMB

Daily arrival & price data of APMCs be compiled through website.

c) Introducing e-Trading Platform

Provide alternative marketing channel for the farmer

Extension of CBS for creation of eTrading Platform / Virtual Market

Involvement of Commodity Exchanges

Farmer will have choice to sell his produce where better terms would be available

o Plan development of Virtual Market is innovative and experimental

o Three-phase program

o Feasibility study

o Pilot testing

o Roll out e-Marketing Platform

d) Atomization of working of APMCs

84

Submission of annual reports, payment of annual contribution, online loan application,

online submission of investment proposals, online submission proposals of subsidy

proposals.

Placement of Ticker Board at APMC auction halls of APMC to bring the transparency in

auctions.

Display of Market rates of commodities of other APMCs.

Information of rates of commodity at different markets through SMS.

e) Computerized Auctioning System (CAS):

To bring about more efficiency and transparency in process of auctioning,

computerization is beneficial and thus should be adopted throughout the country.

f) Interlinking of markets:

The interlinking of markets is essentially an enabling remote access to the CBS through

web based application. The existing markets where CBS is being implemented as a

standalone system, would be connected to a larger market place resulting in an increase in

the number of buyers taking part in the purchasing the agricultural commodity. The

present CBS software is amenable for the transition of trade from on spot physical form to

a distant description form. Such network of markets, would be established & made

operational under the aegis of the State Agricultural Marketing Boards (SAMB). This

Network will have an independent mechanism in place for: (i) guarantee of quality, (ii)

guarantee of payments and (iii) logistics mechanism. This network is proposed to be

further scaled up in future to include large number of APMCs thereby taking the trade of

agricultural commodities to the doorsteps of the stakeholders all over the state. To

establish and make operational the interlinking of markets (APMCs) Network with a view

to create enabling environment for a larger group of buyers from all over the state to

simultaneously participate in the trade of agricultural commodities. This Network will

improve the efficiency and transparency, as well as, competitiveness in the marketing of

agricultural produce.

g) Virtual Market (VM):

The trading of agricultural commodities on a virtual market is a major deviation in the

current market practices - from inspection based sale to description based sale. The

commodity lot is available to the prospective buyers in the form of their description, such

as: name of the commodity and its variety, its quality and quantity, and, the location of

the lot, i.e. like an accredited warehouse. Thus, a virtual market set up will essentially

comprise of a web based platform (a web portal), bringing together the sellers and the

prospective buyers of agricultural commodities, along with the arrangements of (i) an

accredited warehouse, (ii) an accredited laboratory for certificates regarding its quality

(iii) logistics arrangements (for those stakeholders who may opt for), (iv) delivery

settlement and payment handling arrangements, (v) disputes settlement mechanism. The

arrangements for accredited warehouse facilities, accredited laboratory services, linkages

with commercial banks, and logistics managers. There will be a network of accredited

warehouses on regional basis or across the state. The business proposal package will

comprise of appropriate software to bring all the stakeholders on the virtual platform. To

establish and make operational the virtual market portal (VM) for agricultural

commodities. The VM will create enabling environment for the sellers (farmers, farmer

groups, producers associations) to publicize their lot of commodity, and, also enable a

85

larger group of buyers from all over the state to simultaneously participate in the virtual

trade of agricultural commodities. The VM will improve the efficiency and transparency,

as well as, competitiveness in the marketing of agricultural produce. It will also help to

reduce the handling losses.

h) Economic and Market Intelligence Services (EMIS):

EMIS information will help the producers/farmers/ producer organizations and trade

intermediaries and consumers to (i) better understand the market – both existing and

potential; (ii) determine the current and future needs and preferences of these market, thus

planning ahead with confidence on the season specific cropping; (iii) managing risk

linked to crop supply variability; (iv) anticipate shifts in commodity markets on the

supply side; and (v) assess changes in the business environment that may affect the size

and nature of the market in the future. Using market intelligence services, producers/

farmers/ producer organizations are expected to negotiate the purchasing terms with

buyers with confidence. EMIS is an urgent need of institutional mechanism to advise the

farmer on trade-related aspects, price intelligence etc., and market intelligence is crucial

to enable farmers and traders to make informed decisions. providing price forecasts

before sowing and during harvesting of selected farm commodities; developing

commodity market outlook for selected commodities at state level; and providing

commodity market research reports. EMIS will focus on providing market intelligence

services in the field of Agriculture, Horticulture and Allied commodities including

livestock and livestock products to various stakeholders.

i) Warehouse Receipt & E-trading:

It aims to improve access to price risk management services for farmers. Availability of

finance against stored produce and improved knowledge on price risk management allows

farmers and farmers‘ organizations to obtain better price realization for their produce. In

addition, trading through Electronic Commodity Exchange provides an alternative

marketing channel, which increases potential for better price realization. Selected MSWC

(Maharashtra State Warehousing Corporation) warehouses has shifted to an electronic

warehouse receipts system from a manual one and are networked to enable an efficient

warehouse receipt financing system. Electronic receipts are transmitted immediately to

the banks with which MSWC have an agreement and loans issued against it automatically

based on the value of the receipt. The benefit is that farmers or CIGs are able to deposit

their commodities at a MSWC warehouse and get immediate access to credit from the

participating banks against the value of the commodity. The MSWC has expertise in

scientific storage, is committed to having up to 40% of its godown space available to

farmers and offers storage at a nominal rate to farmers. This package of instruments (i.e.

high quality storage, independent quality assessment and warehouse credit) will enable

producers not to make distress sales, but instead to be able to take advantage of the price

increases that take place after the main harvest season.

j) Agribusiness Promotion Facility (ABPF):

The Agribusiness Promotion Facility (ABPF) is expected to increase the contribution of

the agribusiness sector to Gross Domestic Production of the State, foreign exchange

earnings of the agricultural producers, and employment. ABPF will improve the ability of

86

agribusinesses in Maharashtra to produce and market their products both domestically and

in foreign markets. To achieve the overall objective of ABPF, the following major

activities are undertaken:

Agri-business entrepreneurs including, individuals, Farmers‘ Groups and the Producer

Companies and agri-business enterprises are in need of business development

services/pre-investment services. ABPF shall provide and/or facilitate as needed to help

these organizations successfully make viable investments in agri-business sector and also

facilitate accessing the commercial credits, grants, subsidies, venture capital and other

sources of available funding to Producer Companies and Farmer Groups and integrating

all the State government and GoI schemes related to agribusiness.

ABPF shall provide post-investment business advisory support to these organizations /

agri entrepreneurs with respect to technology; technical & financial aspects with the gap

assessment; viz. optimum sizing & capacity, setting of standards, staffing requirement;

(ii) support development of a detailed quality product development & market

development strategy; (iii) develop a roll out strategy for the investments; (iv) follow up

with bankers to submit the all the State government and GoI schemes related documents

to the concern authority, (v) Also follow up with the banks for sanction and timely

disbursement to entrepreneurs for setting up of business.(vi) Support to avail the various

licenses for the business.

7) Capacity Building

a) Training

Training programs on General Greenhouse Management; Open Field Cultivation of Flowers,

Fillers, Greens and Exotic Vegetables; Marketing of Horticulture Produce; Post Harvest

Management of Fruits & Vegetables; Global Gap etc. should be conducted for production of

high quality agro produce and the training institute should be established by State

Governments.

b) Agri Business Management Institutes:

Two year Agri Business Management, Post Graduation Course be offered to Agriculture and

allied graduates specially in Agri Marketing. This programme should be affiliated to National

Institute of Agril Marketing, Jaipur.

c) Training modules:

Specially designed training modules for officials and non officials working in agriculture

marketing sectors should be developed with following topics/subjects/issues.

i) E_trading/E_marketing

ii) Waste management

iii) Infrastructure development i.e. sorting, grading, packaging, cool chain, repining centers.

iv) Value chain development

v)Experience sharing of best market practice of various APMCs at different locations.

87

vi) Rights and duties of Chairmans and elected members of APMCs (This title will be

exclusively for elected Chairmans and members)

vii) Public Private Partnership for sustainable infrasture (a successful case study)

viii) Quality assurance of agro commodities by establishing food testing labs at APMCs.

ix) Export Management

x) Godown accreditation & pledge finance

xi) Global GAP Certification

xii) Agrilculture Marketing Extension

xiii) Direct Marketing of Agro Produce

xiv) Marketing of organic produce.

8) Schemes to be promoted:

a) Onion Storage Infrastructure

Under this scheme, the farmers will be given financial assistance for creation of storage

facility for onion at farm level. This scheme enabled the farmers to store the onions and sell

them in the market at a good price.

b) Plastic Crates scheme to avoid wastage.

To minimize the wastage of fruits & vegetables and fetch better return to farmers.

c) Global GAP Certification:

Global GAP Certification is to demonstrate our commitment to advancing Good Agricultural

Practice to retailers and buyers. It is most widely accepted private sector food safety

certification in the world especially in European Union. Considering the importance of

GlobalGAP certification, introduction of subsidy scheme is must.

d) Post Harvest Technology Scheme: Establishment of Post Harvest equipments & facilities at

farm level scheme should be developed to minimise ppost harvest losses.

88

9.WATER CONSERVATION

1.Small scale irrigation(water conservation)

Water Conservation Department is entrusted with the survey, investigation, construction, maintenance

& all other allied works of following type of minor irrigation projects having irrigation potential from 0

hectare to 250 hectares only. The project having potential above 250 hectares is being dealt with by Water

Resources Department of the State.

1) Minor Irrigation Tanks (M.I.T.)

2) Storage Tanks (S.T.)

3) Percolation Tanks (P.T.)

4) Kolhapur Type Weirs (K.T.Weir)

5) Lift Irrigation Schemes (L.I.S.)

6) Cement Nala Bandh (C.N.B.)

7) Village Tanks (V.T.)

8) Diversion Weir

9) Shallow Tube Wells

The repairs to these schemes are also being dealt with, along with the repairs of Ex. Malgujari tanks

(Situated in Eastern Vidarbha region of the state).

Along with all these, some of the schemes of Improvement of Saline land through perforated pipe,

schemes aided by Central Govt. (RKVY), Repairs, Renovation & Restoration (R.R.R.) of old water bodies &

canals are also being taken by this Department.

2. DISTRIBUTION OF WORKS WITHIN DEPARTMENT AND

CONTROL:-

Minor irrigation schemes having potential from 0 to 100 hectares are administratively & technically

controlled & executed by the Zilla Parishad. Only if required, technical guidance in this regard is given by the

superior officer of the rank of Superintending Engineer & Chief Engineer of Water Conservation Department.

Up till now Zilla Parishad 63,118 schemes are completed & created irrigation potential is 12.63 lakh

hectares.Minor irrigation schemes having potential from 101 to 250 hectares are totally controlled by Water

Conservation Department of the State. Up till now 1,273 schemes are completed & created irrigation potential

is 2.09 lakh hectares. Overall Irrigation Potential Created by this Department is about 14.72 lakh hectares that

is almost 21% of the total Irrigation Potential Creation in the states.

89

3. SOURCES OF FUND:

Following are the main sources of funds.

a) State Government - State Budget.

b) Central Government - In the form of Rashtriya Krushi Vikas Yojana (RKVY), Vidarbha

Intensive Irrigation Development Programme (VIIDP), Repairs, Renovation &

Restoration programme (RRR) and various Central Govt. aided schemes.

c) District Planning Committee (DPC) of State

d) M.P., M.L.C, M.L.A.'s Funds

4. ORGANISATIONAL SETUP AS ON TODAY :

Separate Cabinet rank Ministry called as Minister, Water Conservation Department at the State Head

supported by Minister of State, Water Conservation Department, followed by the Secretary of the Department

at Mantralaya Level. There are 2 Chief Engineers, one for Vidarbha Region ie Nagpur and Amravati Divisions

and the other for rest of Maharashtra ie Pune,Nashik,Aurangabad and konkan Division.There are also six

Superintending Engineers at Revenue Commissionerate Head quarters i.e at Pune, Thane, Nashik,

Aurangabad, Nagpur & Amravati. At District level there are 25 Divisions headed by 25 Executive Engineers

under which 127 Sub Divisions are in place Heade by Sub Divisional Engineers

5. REFORMS & FUTURE FRAMEWORK OF DEPARTMENT :-

It can be splitted in following sub subjects -

A: Human Resources

B: Policy, Definitional & Technical issues.

C: Administrative or Managerial.

5-A HUMAN RESOURCES :-From the opening of this Department no separate cadre is

established for any rank in the Department. Being no service rules & regulations are framed up till, no such

fresh recruitment norms, transfers of officers & staff is being looked by within the Department. There is no

such earmarked quota at recruitment or promotional level too. For the Engineers from the rank of Chief

Engineer to Junior Engineer / Sectional Engineers, the appointments & transfers are being observed by the

State Water Resources Department. The ultimate effect of which there remains a lot of posts vacant for a long

duration resulting in setback of planned programme or stoppage of works even in the drought prone areas &

suicide prone Vidarbha areas.

Considering the above development area, the Department needs to bring a reform on the lines below:

a) Considering the speed of different type of small works, set up a norms for smallest cadre to

high one i.e. from Sectional Engineer to Chief Engineer. Considering the future operations &

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maintenance of the completed schemes, monitoring it through Water Users Association,

NGO's or through PPP - Public Private Partnership, etc. and for upcoming new schemes,

setting up the staff patterns at Sectional Engineers to Chief Engineer level.

b) Setting up the area based need of the staff and their Head quarters.

c) Framing of service rules for direct appointment, promotions & transfers so as to have justified

control at proper level up to downwards.

d) Framing a earmarked quota at recruitment and promotional level for Water Conservation &

EGS Department, integrating EGS posts.

e) Framing a structure within Department of multidisciplinary staff pattern. As the projects on

which Department works are for a short duration of not more than 2 years it gives the result

Very fast to the nearby areas.

In coming future Department is planning to look after each of above aspects for the best control and

for the best effects.

To control and speedup field level activities & raising of funds from market, in the year 2000, the

separate Corporation under the post of Managing Director, Maharashtra Water Conservation Corporation is

formed.

5- B POLICY, DEFINITIONAL & TECHNICAL ISSUES:-

B-1 Many of the projects having irrigation potential 101 to 250 hectares are in the possession of Water

Resources Department. For better statistics and census it is required to be in the control of Water Conservation

Department. In coming days this issue will be taken at Inter Ministerial level.Diffrent States adopts different

policies for considering the projects as Small Scale Irrigation, for example Karnataka Govt. has a policy to

treat the Projects having Irrigation potential up to 2000 hectares as Small Scale Irrigation Projects. It is there

for proposed that there is need for common guidelines from Central Governments defining the Small Scale

Irrigation.

The schemes concerns to this Department are of small nature and get completed within short duration.

Gives result and benefits to the local areas in a short period. Hence there is a increasing demand for such a

small schemes at present & also be in future. At present 6,704 schemes are in progress which will create 1.91

lakh hectares of irrigation potential in a short period after availability of sufficient funds & in future 10,597

new schemes are waiting to start to irrigate 3.60 lakh hectares of area.

B-2 For every scheme impounding / utilizing 5 Mcft. or 150 TCM. of water, requires water availability

certificate from the concern Chief Engineer of Water Resources Department. At present all the attractive &

most feasible sites are tackled and projects are constructed at there. Now a days the sites mostly on flat

topographic zone are available. Being it gives the fast results & benefits to the water users, there is a

aggressive demand by the Peoples representatives & farmers to launch a scheme. However, due to the

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conditions of water availability certificate, it gets delayed. Department is taking these issue with the Water

Resources Department to line up the new schemes.

B-3 Cost norms for Rs./TCM & submergence / command area ratio are framed by the Water Resources

Department. As the completion period of the schemes covered by this Department is less, it gives fast benefits,

occupies little submergence by acquiring the private lands. Hence if the network of such small water bodies is

to be spreaded fastly, then there should be a separate cost norms for Rs. /TCM & submergence / command

area ratio, and the cost per benefit ratio. Cost norms for Rs. /TCM & submergence / command area ratio are

the ancient concepts of Water Resources Department, when there were ample number of attractive sites for

Dams & less availability of financial resources. Now at least for small water bodies, looking after the effective

effect of utilization, these norms will not be considered.

B-4 There is no full-fledged technical wing at Mantralaya level to frame technical circulars, guidelines for

this Department. The reason for that, the guidelines issued by the Water Resources Department is being

applied to the works of this Department too. Sometimes there requires a minor changes for the small works.

Then a separate reference is being made to Water Resources Department which is then scrutinized, circulated

for consideration. It takes time. Hence from the angle of human resources, there is a need to frame such a

strong and enough technical wing with this Department at Mantralaya level, which will resolve all the

technical problems if referred from the fields.

B-5 For quality assurance and vigilance wing for the woks on field, there is no separate establishment

established in this Department. Also there is need to have separate survey and investigation wing with this

Department.

C) ADMINISTRATIVE OR MANAGERIAL ISSUES :

C-1 The project is completed; assets are created but utilization for it is less comparatively.

There is no field staff for water management, for letting out of water to the field, measuring the field area

wherein water is being taken, assessment of water charges to be recovered and maintaining all such records at

Sectional Office of Sectional Engineer. Such type of infrastructure is not created up till. To create a new posts

is a difficult in present scenario. Hence Department is thinking to override on it by adopting some of the

following measures.

C-1.1 By formation of Water User Association of the stakeholders. Make them effective to work for

themselves.

C-1.2 The effective handing over the area to be irrigated to these WUAs by repairing canals, water bodies,

etc. in full-fledged condition.

C-1.3 Where there is less response from WUAs appointing NGOs for that area, handing over area to them

for certain period and asking them to do effective, clear irrigation, measurement, assessment & recovery of

water cess.

C-1.4 For some areas by marking the zone and giving it to PPP- Public Private Partnership for the same task

as on C-1.3.

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C-2 Building a structural set up of Agricultural, Soil Conservation, Geologist, field Engineers and social

mobilizers to develop command area in multi effectorial aspects. This will also been looked after for the better

and accurate result of utilization of water bodies.

C-3 Capacity building at all levels.

C-4 Focusing on repairs and maintenance of completed schemes to perform best as original.

2. Watershed Development programme in Maharashtra.

The Bombay Land Improvement Act was enacted in 1942 to implement the programme on a larger

scale. This Act enabled the Government to take up land improvement work on the cultivable lands. The

graded/contour bunding programme was initiated on wider scale and covered 97 lakh hact. upto 1972 under

Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) of the Government of Maharashtra. These works got a further boost

after experiencing the acute rainfall scarcity. It got vigorous momentum through directives of the government

to include these works under the EGS during 1977.The Government of Maharashtra accepted the concept of

land improvement through treatment from ―ridges to valley‖ on the basis of watershed as it is a manageable

hydrological unit. It was felt necessary to involve people in the programme in order to carry out these works in

the integrated manner. A new wing of ‗Jalsandharan‘ was created (1992) by the Government of Maharashtra

to achieve integration of forestry, soil conservation and minor irrigation. A Government Resolution clearly

indicated the criteria for considering the priorities of villages under this programme. It was stressed that

watersheds development for agriculture and recharging of ground water through watershed development

approach should be undertaken on high priority.

As per the Government Resolution Jal-Ser-109/No 250/Jal-7 dated 30 January 1996, priority was

given to the villages where ground water table had gone down (Grey or Black Zone) or where land is highly

degraded. The resolution also emphasized the need for use old database and maps gathered through remote

studies for watershed development.

It is estimated that about 83 % 0f the cultivated land in the State of Maharashtra is rain fed. Of which

52 % (159 lakh ha.) is under drought prone category. It is estimated that about 39 % lands are in light soil

category. Coverage under degraded land is about 42.20 %.

The important rivers of the state are Godavari, Krishna, Tapi, Narmada & rivers originating from

western Ghat. The area falls under Godavari river Basin - 49.77%, Krishna River Basin- 22.34 %, Tapi River

Basin – 16.79 %, Narmada River Basin – 0.34 % & Other westerly Flowing rivers – 10.76 %.

The state has categorized the 793 Mega Watersheds are priority watersheds out of 1531 Mega

watersheds in state as per the weighted index.

Status of Watershed Development Programme in Maharashtra

Watershed Development programme is implemented in the rainfed areas as a matter of policy. In

Maharashtra 35,717 villages out of 43,869 are under rainfed farming. Most of these villages will remain under

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rainfed farming situation. Hence watershed development is a ‗must‘ in order to develop these villages and

improve socio-economic status of the people.

Out of 307.58 lakh hac total geographical area , 241.0 lakh area are treatable area. Out of which

138.34 lakh ha. Has been treated under watershed Development programme . Up to March 2014 total no. of

micro watersheds for treatment are 44,185, Out of which 12377 micro watersheds are completed. The balance

of 103.50 lakh ha. Will be under taken with the help of State as well as Central schemes.

During phase I, from beginning to 1983 the main programme was contour and graded bunding on the

large area covering 87.26 lakh ha. Besides, terracing on 1.82 lakh ha. land development on 0.27 lakh ha.

Providing drainage on 0.20 lakh ha and the land shaping on 0.11 lakh hac. Was also carried out. In Phase II

during 1984 to 1992, adopting various soil conservation measures area treated in this period is 11.62 lakh.

While in phase III, between years 1992 to 2003 the programme was strategically changed on Comprehensive

watershed development basis in which concept of ridge to valley approach is adopted. In this programme

various field activities are adopted i.e. area treatments and Nala treatments with main object is to conserve the

Soil and Water.

Watershed development programme in Maharashtra is implemented

through various State and Central sponsored Schemes which are as

bellow.

A) State Sponsored Schemes –

1. Accelerated Watershed Development Programme

2. Adarshgaon programme

3. RIDF

4. Cement Nala Bandh Programme

B) Centrally Sponsored Schemes –

1. Integrated Watershed Management Programme

2. National Watershed Development Programme

3. Western Ghat Development Programme

4. River Valley Project

5. Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana

a) Mahatma phule Jalbhumi Abhiyan

b) Vidharbha Intensive Irragation Development Programme.

c) Farm Ponds and Repairs of Bodis in esteran Vidharb region

6. MREGS

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The various soil & water Conservation treatments implemented in watershed development

programme are as follows.

A) Area Ttreatments :- Continuous contour trenches (C.C.T.), deep C.C.T., compartment

bunding, graded bunding, terracing & renovation of old paddy bunds etc.

1. Continuous Contour Trenches (C.C.T.) :- This treatment is implemented in waste land where

land slope is from 1 to 33 %. Trenches along the contour lines has dug and from digging material

a small bund is formed. Water flowing down the hill is retained by the trench, and is infiltrating in

the ground. The seed of grasses, bushes and trees has planted on this bund. This will help in soil &

water Conservation.

2. Deep C.C.T:- Deep C.C.T. Treatment is carried out in waste land where land slope is up to 8 %.

Trenches of size 1m. X1m. and 100 m. length has to dug along the contour lines and by digging

material forms a small bund. Water flowing down the hill is retained by the trench, and is

infiltrated in the ground. The seed of grasses, bushes and trees are planted on this bund. This will

help in soil & water conservation.

3. Compartment bunding :- Under this, small earthen bund of section 0.80 sqm. to 1.20

sqm are constructed across the slope by digging a trench near a bund. This activity mostly

carried out in arable land. This is helpful in conserving moisture and controlling erosion,

ultimately increases the crop production.

4. Terracing :- Under this the natural sloppy land is converted in to a plain terrace. By

this activity the rain water is stored evenly in the terrace for paddy crop. This helps the barren

land to bring under paddy crop and increases the rice production.

5. Repairs of old paddy bund :- Some times by heavy incessant rains causes the damage and

erosion of the bunds. These bunds required repairs and maintence, which results even supply of

water to the paddy field and causing increase in paddy production.

B) Drainage line treatments :- Earthen structure, loose bolder structure, gabion structure, farm

pond, earthen nala bund, cement nala bund, diversion bunds etc.

1. Earthen Nala Bund:- Earthen bunds are constructed across the nala or gullies to hold maxim

runoff water to create the storage, this facilitates the percolation of water, this also helps to control the

erosion of soil. By this treatment, the stored water is used for protected irrigation to various crops in

the dry land areas, resulting in high gain in crop productivity.

2. Cement Nala Bund :- By this treatment runoff water is stored in large scale by which ground level

is increase, this results in increasing irrigated areas and water levels of wells surrounding the effective

area of bund. By this treatment, the stored water is used for protected irrigation to various crops in the

dry land areas, resulting in high gain in crop productivity.

3. Diversion Bandhara:- This activity is carried out mostly in the hilly area where there is heavy

rainfall and nalas flowing up to month of December. By this bund is constructed across the nala and

stored water is given to the different crops by small canal as per the slope.

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4. Farm Pond :- This is the personal beneficiaries scheme under which farm pond dug in particular

farmers field by which run of water is stored in the farm pond and ground water level increase and

protected irrigated facilities available to that particular farmer.

5. Loose Boulder :- Under this activity the bund of loose boulders is built by keeping the stones.

There by the velocity of water is reduce and this prevents the erosion of soil.

Due to Area treatments rain water is conserved in soil which helps to increase the ground

water level. In drainage line treatments, rain water is harvested and stored in above mentioned

structures, which helps to recharge ground water level and ultimately increasing water level of

surrounding wells. Water stored in structure used for direct irrigation to crops with help of lifting

devices thereby increasing crop yield.

3. In -situ soil and water conservation :-

In dry land farming areas, every drop of rain water needs to be conserved in the soil by this moisture

which retains for long period. These activities are helpful to increase the crop production.

Various In -situ soil and water conservation measure:-

1. Contour cultivation:- In humid regions its basic purpose is to reduce the soil erosion or soil loss

by reducing the overland flow. In this system, the furrows between the ridges made on the contours hold the

runoff water and stored into the soil. Thus they reduce the runoff and soil erosion.

2. Strip Cropping:- It is also a kind of agronomical practice, in which ordinary crops are planted or

grown in form of relatively narrow strips across the land slope. These strips are so arranged, that the strips

crops should always be separated by strips of close-growing and erosion resistance crops. Strip cropping

check the surface runoff and forces them to infiltrate in to the soil, which facilitates to the concentration of

rain water.

3. Sowing along contour :- Most of the land is undulating, due to this rain water is flowing from high

level to low level and stored in low level land only. This land is cultivated and sowing on same contour

levels. This is helpful to in -situ soil and water conservation.

4. Vegetative bunds :- Vegetative contour bunds will provided to facilitate counter cultivation in area

where compartment bunding /graded bunding has already been replaced. The line of khus or locally available

grass will be planted on counter. This will help in reducing velocity and control soil erosion.

5. Broad beds and furrows:- This treatment is useful to store water in black cotton soil. If there is

heavy rain, surplus water will flow through furrows and water drained properly.

6. Inter cropping:- Different crops which comes in different period are taken by inter cropping. By

this treatment moisture is retained in the soil for long period and this helpful to increase the crop production.

7. Furrows in standing crops :- In kharip season after 40 days from sowing of red gram, green

gram, black gram, cotton etc. The furrows are formed by the plough and this helps retain the water in the

furrows.

8. Mulching: - Mulching is carried out for crops to reduce evaporation of moisture from crop area.

Dry grass, straw material, wood chips, Saw dusts, waste material of crops are used for mulching purpose.

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Government of Maharashtra has decided to take this programme on Priority at National level as a

policy. This In Situ Moisture Conservation needs to be taken on large Scale with wide publicity and people

awareness.

Suggestion For New Policy of Soil Conservation Works in

Maharashtra:-

1. Peoples participation :- In the state the soil and water conservation program is implemented

ridge to valley approach under comprehensive watershed development programme. Under this programme,

area treatments in arable and non arable area and drainage line treatments are carried out. Farmers

participations are required to increase the life of various treatments. Public awareness is also necessary for

farmers. With in-situ soil and moisture conservation methods, soil and water conservation works carried out

in low cost. It is also essential to raise peoples participation in such works. In drainage line treatment water is

stored by constructing earthen nala bund and cement nala bund. However in these structure silt is deposited

along with water and storage capacity of these structures and utility reduces significantly. In such cases the

repairing and delisting works are required to be carried out with active peoples participation. Hence

widespread awareness are necessary among the people at Gram sabha in gram level. One of the best

awareness is from school level where in this can be included in curriculum. At the same time the villages

should be awarded prise at government and district level who have worked significantly in the Jalyukta Shivar

Abhiyan.

2. To register watershed works in G.P.S. system :- At present soil conservation works are carried

out in scattered manner such works are high in number, if such works are taken up in G.P.S. system,

transparency and quality of the work can be improved properly. The monitoring of such works for new and

old work can be classified easily and with the help of G.P.S. system the repairing and maintence of such work

can be under taken well in advance.

3. On line reporting of soil conservation work :- For soil and water conservation works under

different programme funds are available under state and central sponsored schemes, special component

scheme, CSR, MLA/MP allotted fund at different Gaon /Taluka level. It becomes quite easy to identify which

work is carried out from which fund provided. For this kind of monitoring a special software has been

developed with the help of N.I.C. Pune. and it is available on mahaagri.gov.in of agriculture department

website. This will certainly helpful to monitor the soil conservation works from government, Division, district

and taluka level at the same time.

4. inclusion of new treatments :- Emphasis has been given for the decentralisation of exiting water

storages under Jalyukta Shivar Abhiyan where in the rejuvenation of dead old nalas in the villages will be

taken up, implementation of nalas and small river joining project, digging of sunken ponds in nalas,

construction of low cost cement concrete bunds of 1.00 m. height etc. new treatments are being propose under

this scheme.

5. Under watershed development programme, the decision should be taken to supply of modern

equipments like dumpy levels etc. for carrying out technically more accurate and feasible soil and water

conservation works. And to impart specific training of modern equipments to field level staff to raise their

skill.

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6. It has been made compulsory, the soil and water conservation works are carried out by E- Tender

method in transparent manner considering the base as watershed (villages) is a component of the work.

7. The voluntary organisation will have a key role in this programme because there is no separate field staff to

carry out the watershed development work so their services required to be utilised substantially.

4. Integrated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP)

Experience of IWMP is last few years obviate important policy adaptations to make result oriented

with pre-defined outcomes. Some of these are of programmatic level.

1) State Perspective Plan: All micro-watersheds are demarcated using base maps and satellite maps and

prioritization has been done. As per earlier directives of Govt of India annual target for IWMP projects to

be taken up to 2025 and completed up to 2030 for Maharashtra is 5.18 lakh hectares. In Maharashtra out

of 165 lakh hectare uncovered area up to 2014-15 about 49 lakh hectare is covered under IWMP and has

proposed to cover about 62 lakh hectare up to 2025-26. Therefore, State Government needs decisive

policy to cover all the remaining area under watershed management.

2) Institutional strengthening: IWMP provides 10% administrative grants at project level and very meager

institutional grant at successive levels. Operational structure from State to Division, District and Block is

imperative. Administrative grant 5% should be provided for successive levels. Separate unit with multi-

disciplinary officers from soil & water conservation, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry,

groundwater, minor irrigation, etc. as like DRDAs should be established for watershed management

programme at State, Division and District level.

3) Cost norms: Watershed activities are site-specific and dependent on various parameters, therefore, there

cannot be single cost norm. Scientific planning should be made compulsory and costs required to cover

minimum 70% land and harvest maximum runoff in a 10-year rainfall cycle should be worked out region-

wise and approved as financial base norms. Minimum wage rates of 2008-09 should be considered as

base rate equivalent to Rs. 12,000 per ha. for IWMP. From 2014-15 minimum wage rates are Rs. 181 per

man day and hence, accordingly cost norms for watershed management should be revised. It is proposed

to raise it to Rs.24000/- per Hectares.

4) Annual action plan and annual allocations: Annual action plans of proposed activities with only

physical targets should be prepared in project reports. Financial allocations should be based on annual

action plans as per cost estimates. Budgetary allocation for incomplete watershed activities will be the

responsibility of the State Government from next financial year.

5) Role of NGOs: At present IWMP projects are implemented at village panchayat level through the

Watershed Committees to ensure community participation and ownership of the project. However, the

role of village level institutions like GP, SHG, UG should be strengthened. Role of NGOs may be

strengthened for institution building, project implementation and after exit protocol.

6) Repair & renovation: Repair and renovation of old water harvesting structures should have separate

provision and should be funded over and above IWMP cost norms. Hon Minister and Hon Deputy

Minister have also emphasized this need.

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7) State livelihood policy: Based on natural resource management State Government should formulate

State Livelihood Policy and made applicable to all sectors.

8) Revolving Fund for productivity enhancement & micro-enterprises: Under livelihood component the

10% allocation for productivity enhancement & micro-enterprises should be group revolving fund instead

of grant. It should be provided to User Groups and should be bank linked. Presently it is about Rs 20,000

per beneficiary, which is very less to undertake productivity enhancement activities.

9) Coordination & Convergence: There should be proper coordination and convergence to ensure area

development, wage employment and self-employment which will enhance livelihood opportunities.

10) Urban Watershed: Due to increasing urbanization in Maharashtra most of dams are stressed for urban

drinking water supply and industries, therefore, to provide basic needs of urban areas concept of urban

watershed development should be evolved and adopted. Satellite townships are evolving and this concept

should be in core agenda of the State Government.

5.Jalyukt Shiwar Abhiyan

Government of Maharashtra is commited to making the state drought free by 2019. The Water

Conservation Department has issued a Government Resolution to this effect on 05 December, 2014. The

programme is named ‗jalyukt Shiwar Abhiyan‘. The programme aims at convergence of various programmes

run by different departments and agencies in order to achieve set targets. An ambitious target of making 5,000

villages drought free in every year for future five year has been set.

The programme mainly envisages arresting maximum run off in the village area increasing ground

water level, creating decentralised water bodies, creating new structurs of Water Conservation, rejunevation of

water storage capacity of various exesting structurs,increase in storage capacity of water bodies by removing

silt by peopel‘s participation to sensitize the concept of water budgeting and effective use of available

water.The various norms/ criteria for selection of villages for implementation of scarcity free programme have

been fixed and the villages are strictly selected acordingly.

Water budgeting of an catchment area pertaining an village shall be taken into account to estimate water

deficit for all the water requirement of village and corresponding deficit shall be encountered by various above

mentioned measures. The convergence of already ongoing schemes i.e. IWMP, Hon C.M. Fund, Zilla Parishad

Fund, MGNREGA, VIIDP etc. by various departments is proposed to be implemented in an integrated

approach in the selected scaricity villages.

Division level committee headed by Divisional Commosioner shall approve the Divisional plan and

present it to the state Government, simultaneously monitoring the progress of the programme. District level

committee headed by Collector shall select the village/works to be done/ Detail Project Report, execution and

monitoring the programme at District level.Taluka level committee headed by Sub-divisional officer shall

prepare, execute and monitor the programme.

The public awareness of the programme is created through arranging meetings, gramsabhas at village

level,arranging morning rallies,essaye compétition, drawing competitions,etc. to create awareness among the

students, creation of awareness through jal dindi, through electronic media, booklets, leaflets,jiggals.Provision

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of awarding prises for exceptional work done under this programme in villages at Taluka, District, Division is

also Under considération of the Government.

Monitoring and Evaluation :

Digital photos (longitude and latitude) of the works before,during and after completion are being

uploaded on web site and online software to monitor/ evaluate the works is placed in order.The programme is

being monitored at Division and State level for speedy implementation and redressal of any hindrances. An

High Power Committee (HPC) headed by Hon. Chief Secretary is constituted for effective implementation of

the programme.

Government seeks participation of various sectors in the society to make the programme successful.

Knowledge, experience, technical expertise and financial assistance from Corporate Sector is also welcomed

to add value to the programme. Government plans that corporates to adopt a cluster of villages and support all

the initiatives required to make the cluster drought free or to support mini-projects designed by Water

Conservation and other Department.

The Successful implementation of the programme shall results in increase in water storage

capacity,Recharge of ground Water level,increade under protective irrigation Area,Increase in Cropping

intensity,Increase in the Horticulture Area, Increase in the Agriculture Produce and productivity,Increse in

Fodder production,Increase in are under Soil Moisture Security, Improvement of Environment through Tree

Plantation, Improving Productivity and Condition of Socio-economic of farmers.

The outcome of the programme will be measured by way of evaluation by third party and to create

decentralized water bodies and declared the villages scarcityfree. This has become the peoples movement.

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10. CO-OPERATION

Agricultural Credit through Co-operative Sector in The State

In Maharashtra, as a matter of historical precedence credit to agriculture has

remained prominent activity of the three tier structure of co-operative socities. At the apex level

there is Maharashtra State Co-operative Bank Ltd., Mumbai with total deposits of Rs. 13,477 crores

and advances of Rs. 10,746 crores. At district level, there are 31 District Central Cooperative Banks

(DCCBs) with total deposits of 57,907 crores and advances of Rs. 40,140 crores. The DCC Banks are

working through their 3790 branches which are mainly located in the rural area of the State. These

banks provide agricultural credits to the farmers through Primary Agricultural Credit Societies. At the

village level, there are 21485 Primary Agricultural Credit Socities with total number of members 150

lacs and borrowers members approximately 40 lacs.

The DCCBanks have been taking a leading role in the loan disbursement to the agriculture

and allied activities. The share of DCC Banks in Annual Credit Plan of any district has remained more

than 42% and Commercial and Rural Banks sharing 58%. At the national level, share of Commercial

and Rural Banks in lending to the agriculture sector continues to be more than 70%.

1) Agricultural Credit Plan for last three years :-

The following table summarizes the Annual Credit Plan of the State for last three years with

respect to the crop loans with agency wise and year wise target and achievement.

Rs. in Cr.

Year Particulars DCCBs CBs RRBs Total

2012-13 Target 11104 12208 1427 24739

Achievement 12507 11325 1365 25197

% 113 93 96 102

Share 50 45 5 100

No of

Farmers

33.17 Lakh 13.00 Lakh 2.52 Lakh 48.70 Lakh

Share% 68 27 5

2013-14 Target 13556 19642 1690 34888

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Achievement 13623 16403 1611 31636

% 100 84 95 91

Share 43% 52% 05%

No of

Farmers

35.99 Lakh 16.25 Lakh 2.77 Lakh 55.01 Lakh

Share% 65 30 05

2014-15 Target 15092 22156 2184 39432

Achievement 14423 17987 1691 34100

% 96 81 77 86

Share 42 53 5

No of

Farmers

33.25 Lakh 16.25 Lakh 2.46 Lakh 51.96 Lakh

Share 64 31 5

The copy of Crop Loan disbursement District wise and agency wise for Kharip and Rabbi

season for the last and current year is enclosed herewith.

2) Scale of Finance:-

In the State of Maharashtra, the scale of finance for major crops in eachdistrict is fixed by

District Level Technical Committee. This Committee takes into consideration the recommendations

of the State Level Standing Committee and the scale recommended by the Agricultural Department

as well as guidelines issued by the NABARD. Usually the scale of finance is fixed by the committee in

the month of November or December in each year for the ensuing season and is adopted by the

DCCBanks as well as the by Commercial Banks with some changes. However, it is observed that the

scale of finance for the same crop in different district varied considerably and from bank to bank.

Also due to increase in the input cost and adoption of advanced technology by the farmers

under intensive cultivation, there is an increasing need for agricultural credit. Now a days crop loans

are disbursed at 6% effective rate of interest by DCCBanks as well as by Commercial Banks. In order

to remove the disparity and to bring scale of finance on the same line, a state level committee under

the Chairmanship of the Commissioner for Cooperation & Registrar of Cooperative Societies

Maharashtra State has been appointed vide Government Resolution dated 08-06-2011. The

Committee in its meeting dated 01.10.2014 has finalized the scale of finance for the different crops

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in the State.(Copy attached) These rates are minimum rates with freedom to banks to lend at 10 to

15% more than the recommended rates

3) State Focus Paper published by NABARD :-

NABARD has published a State Focus Paper for the year 2015-16. As per this paper, the estimated

potential credit flow in the priority sector for 2015-16 works out to Rs.1,80,032.29 crores, the details of

which are as under.

Sr.No. Sector/Sub sector Projections (Rs.cr.)

2015-16

1 Crop Loan 46634

Agri.term loan

2 Water Resources 4059.44

3 Land Development 688.20

4 Farm Mechanisation 2640.06

5 Plantation & Horticulture 2794.96

6 Forestry & Wasteland Development 265.33

7 Animal Husbandry 5518.34

8 Fisheries Development 540.90

9 Storage Godown/Marketyard 1706.52

10 Renewable sources of Energy 299.69

11 Others (Agriculture) 364.64

Sub totalTerm loan 18878.08

Total Agriculture 65512.17

12 Non Farm Sector 62141.96

13 Other priority sector 52378.15

Grand Total 180032.29

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4) Kisan Credit Cards:

All the DCC Banks in the State has implemented the policy of giving crop loans to the farmers

through Kisan Credit Cards. The KCCs provides flexibility to draw and repay the crop loans as and

when needed, depending on the farmers cash flow. Frequent transactions through KCC effectively

reduced the outstanding loans thereby lowering the interest burden on the farmers. In our State

DCCBanks have implemented the scheme and have issued 5712673 KCCs.

5) NABARD Refinance :-

In order to extend short term production credit to needy farmers, NABARD is contributing by

way of refinance to DCCBanks at the rate of 4.5% interest up to 45% of their realistic lending

programme. For the year 2014-15,the State Cooperative Bank has requested NABARD refinance of

Rs.7158 crores on behalf of 25 DCCBanks. Till 31-03-2015, NABARD has sanctioned & disbursed

Rs.6500crores to these DCCBanks.

6) Interest Rebate on crop loans :-

The Union & State Government has made attempt to reduce the debt & interest burden on

farmers by offering rebate on interest for timely repayment. This has encouraged the farmers to

come into & stay in the banking fold & avoid going to the uninstitutional credit resources.

Government of India provides 2% interest subvention to the banks in respect of short term

production credit up to Rs.3 lakhs provided at ground level at 7% interest per annum & interest

subvention at 3% for prompt repayment by farmers. Similarly, State Government provides 1%

interest subvention to banks in respect of short term production credit up to Rs.3lakhs provided at

ground level at 6% interest p.a. The State Government also provides interest subvention @ 3% for

loans up to Rs. One lakh & @ 1% for loans between Rs.one lakh & three lakh for prompt repayment

by farmers. Thus crop loans provided up to Rs. one lakh are effectively provided at zero rate of

interest if these loans are repaid by the farmers in time.

7) Conversion of crop loan:-

As a matter of NABARD policy, the short term crop loans are converted into medium term

loans in the areas where Government has declared scarcity. After the conversion of the loans into

medium term loan, the farmers become eligible for fresh crop loans. The State government provides

15% share with the DCCBanks in the form of loan for converted loans & NABARD provides 60%

refinance. The remaining amount of converted loans is shared by the State Cooperative Bank & the

respective DCCBanks on mutually agreed terms.

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8) Additional Avenues for Agricultural Credit :-

The State Governmet took a decision to allow the Urban Co-operative Credit Socieites as

well as Non Agricultural Co-operative Credit Societies to provide agricultural loan to the

farmersupto 20 % of thier total advances. This has created additional source of institutional credit to

the farmers. This will encourage the availability of institutional credit to the farmers and will help to

reduce their dependance on non institutional sources, which lead to the exploitation of the farmers.

Efforts are being made by the State Government to bring more farmers under the gambit of

institutional finance by increasing new membership of farmers in the Primary Agricultural Co-

operative Credit Societies.

9) Revival of unlisenced DCC Banks :-

The State Government has taken necessary steps for the revival of unlicensed DCC Banks by

providing financial assistance in the form of share capital. With this initiative, DhuleNandurbar and

Jalna DCC Banks could obtain the banking lisence of Reserve Bank of India. Similar efforts are being

taken for the revival of Nagpur, Wardha and Buldhana DCC Banks.