KVS- Zonal Institute Of Education & Training -Chandigarh
,
Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan Zonal Institute of Education & Training , Chandigarh
Target
Education is not the learning of facts, but the training of the mind to think
Albert Einstein
/ PATRON , - , Sh. J. M . Rawat , Deputy Commissioner & Director- Z I E T, Chandigarh
SUBJECT SCIENCE CLASSES IX & X
Support Materials
AS AN ACCOMPANIMENT TO THE MAIN MODULE
Hand outs
Mind Maps
Worksheets
Hands on Activities
KVS- Zonal Institute Of Education & Training -Chandigarh
Features : STUDY CUM SUPPORT MATERIAL
This support material is a supplement material to the NCERT textbook. It
consists of Handouts ; Worksheets; Mind maps & Hand on activities.
HANDOUTS -
paper based resource to support learning.
can free students from excessive note taking.
have supplement information not easily available elsewhere .
aid learning.
increase attention of the students.
help students to follow the development of an idea.
WORKSHEETS
an effective tool in ongoing efforts encouraging our students to engage
their brains during class.
helping students focus on an underlying big picture.
bridging the gap between watching and doing.
focusing students attention in class.
delivering and/or summarizing content efficiently.
encouraging students to communicate their mathematical ideas.
connecting new material to previously-covered material.
MIND MAPS -
visual form of note taking that offers an overview of a topic & its
complex information.
allowing students to comprehend , create new ideas and build
connections.
help students brainstorm & explore any idea , concept or problem.
KVS- Zonal Institute Of Education & Training -Chandigarh
facilitate better understanding of relationships & connections between
the ideas & concepts.
make it easy to communicate new ideas and thought process.
allow students to easily recall information.
HANDS ON ACTIVITIES
experiential leaning that allows students to practice guided tactile
learning.
inspires a love of learning.
encourages experimentation.
facilitates comprehension.
improves knowledge retention.
The teachers can prepare the master card by taking the important
topics/points/concepts /reactions/terms etc. from this support material
for quick revision during the exams.
The material can also be used during the crash course or remedial
sessions depending upon the topics of the chapter.
The material can also be used for systematic revision of the different
topics according to their level of difficulty & importance.
The content given in the table formats can be used as worksheets or
flash cards .
REMEMBER
TEACHERS ARE THE MANAGERS OF THE WORLDS GREATEST RESOURCE -
STUDENTS
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UNDERSTANDING CHEMISTRY
UNDERSTAnDing Chemistry
MATTER
Basis of Classification of Types
Based upon particle arrangement
Based upon energy of particles
Based upon distance between particles
Five States of Matter
Solids
Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position.
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume.
Solids have an infinite number of free surfaces.
Ex. Ice cube, diamond, iron bar
Gas
Liquid Plasma
Solid Matter Bose-
Einstein condensate
Matter is everything around you. Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules. Matter is anything that has mass and takes
up space. As of 1995, scientists have identified five physical states of
matter. Each of those states is sometimes called a phase. They may even discover one more state by the time you get old.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_intro.html
Liquids
Gases
Plasma
A plasma is an ionized gas.
A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.
Plasma, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Ex. Ionized gas
Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume.
Gases have no free surfaces.
Ex.Air, helium, oxygen
Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume.
Liquids have one free surface.
Ex. water, alcohol, blood
Gases flow very easily because the particles randomly move past one
another.
Particles are literally indistinguishable because they are locked into same space .
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Plasmas
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of BEC
Particles are less energetic than solids because Exist at very low temperature .
BEC shows superfluidity because Particles can flow
without friction.
Bose-Einstein condensate
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Solids
Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume because the particles are locked into place
Solids are not easily compressible because there is
little free space between particles
Solids do not flow easily because the particles cannot move/slide past one another
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Liquids
Liquids are not easily compressible and have a definite volume because there is little free space between particles.
Liquids flow easily because the particles can move/slide
past one another.
Liquids have an indefinite shape because the particles can slide past one another.
Microscopic Explanation for Properties of Gases
Gases are easily compressible because there is a great deal of
free space between particles
Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume
because the particles can move past one another.
Plasmas have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume because the particles can move past one
another.
Plasmas are good conductors of electricity &are affected by magnetic fields because they
are composed of ions
Plasmas are easily compressible because there is a great deal of free space between particles.
A BEC is a state of matter that can arise at very low
temperatures.
The scientists who worked with the Bose-Einstein condensate received a Nobel Prize for their work in
1995.
The BEC is all about molecules that are really close to each other (even closer than atoms in a solid).
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_becondensate.html
EXERCISES
WHY DOES MATTER MATTER ? by Kelly Hashway
SOLIDS , GASES , LIQUIDS , VOLUME , MASS , SHAPE , CONTAINER , ATOMS , SPACE , MATTER
, CHAIR , MILK , ICE AIR , CLOUDS , JUICE , MELTING
Choose a word from the box to complete each sentence.
1. The three basic properties of matter are ,
, and .
2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called .
3. Volume is the amount of that matter takes up.
4. Mass is the amount of an object has.
5. Liquids take the shape of their .
6. do not have a definite shape or volume.
7. do not have a definite shape, but they do have a definite volume.
8. have a definite shape and volume.
9. A and are examples of solids.
10. and are examples of liquids.
11. and are examples of gas.
12. Solid ice is when it is changing into a liquid.
ANSWER KEY
1. The three basic properties of matter are volume, mass, and shape.
2. All matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms.
3. Volume is the amount of space that matter takes up.
4. Mass is the amount of matter an object has.
5. Liquids take the shape of their container.
6. Gases do not have a definite shape, mass, or volume .
7. Liquids do not have a definite shape, but they do have a definite volume.
8. Solids have a definite shape and volume.
9. A chair and ice are examples of solids.
10. Milk and juice are examples of liquids.
11. Air and clouds are examples of gases.
12. Solid ice is melting when it is changing into a liquid.
KVS- Zonal Institute Of Education & Training -Chandigarh
SOLIDLIQUID GASEOUS
CLASS IX CHEMISTRY
States of matter and its Interconversion
There are three states of matter:-
Properties of Solid Liquid And Gases:-
S.No Solids Liquids Gases
1. Solids have definate shape and fix volume.
Liquids have no definate shape but have fixed volume.
Gases have no definate shape and fixed volume.
2. Solids have negligible compressibility.
Liquids are more Compressible than solids
Gases are highly compressible.
3. Rate of diffusion in solids are negligible.
Rate of diffusion in liquids is more then solids.
Rate of diffusion in gases are very high.
4. Intermolecular space between the particles is very less.
Inter molecularSpace between the particles is more in liquids than in solids.
Intermolecular Space between the particles is maximum.
5. Solids are not compressible.
They are less compressible They are
