Stern/10 June 2005

New Horizons is New Frontiers 1Launch: Jan ‘06

Pluto-CharonJuly 2015

KBOs?2017-2020

Jupiter SystemMarch 2007

Target: Pluto-CharonTarget: Pluto-Charon

Stern/10 June 2005

Toward New Frontiers

New Horizons isDemonstrating That AClass of Focused ButExciting Low CostOuter Planet MissionsIs Indeed Feasible.

Stern/10 June 2005

NH: What About the KB?

Sampling the Diversity of the Kuiper Belt Was The HighestPriority New Frontiers Recommendation of the Decadal Survey

Stern/10 June 2005

NASA New Horizons MissionRequirements

Requirement: Flyby Pluto-Charon before the endof 2020.

Desirement: NASA desires to visit one or moreKBOs if an extended mission is approved afterPluto and conditions allow.

Despite the Wishes of the Decadal Survey, NASA’sRequirements for New Horizons 1 Make Clear ThatKuiper Belt Exploration is only a Goal.

This disappointment is exacerbated by the well-known New Horizons RTG fuel problems at LANL.

Stern/10 June 2005

WHAT IS NEW HORIZONS 2? Protect Decadal Survey Science at KBOs. Enable the Exploration of Both Large and Small KBOs. Enable the Opportunity To Conduct A Target-of-Opportunity Uranus Flyby Near Equinox. Obtain Jupiter Science Deep Among the Galileans.

Use An Identical NH Spacecraft and Instrument Payload. But Select A Newly Competed Science Team.

Estimated Cost: <$500M. Time Critical Launch Window: 2008-2009 to Reach Uranus. Uranus Data Return by 2014-2015, KBOs by 2019-2021.

Stern/10 June 2005

Launch19 Mar 2008C3: 103 km2/s2 Jupiter flyby

12 Aug 2009C/A range: 24 RJ

Uranus flyby07 Oct 2015C/A range: 2.4 RU

1999 TC36 Flyby15 Sept 2020Speed: 12 km/sSun Dist: 31 AU

Target: KBO 1999 TC36A Big KBO Binary

New Horizons 2Example Mission Design

1999 TC36: ~400 Diameter with ~200 km Satellite Both 2008 and 2009 Launch Windows Exist

Stern/10 June 2005

NEW HORIZONS 2:THE URANUS-EQUINOX OPPORTUNITY

A PERISHABLE OPPORTUNITYTO EXPLORE URANUS NEAR EQUINOX

EQUINOX OCCURS EVERY 42 YEARS (1965, 2007, 2047).

THERE IS NO CURRENT PROSPECT TO VISIT URANUS IN

THE UPCOMING EQUINOX, OR OTHERWISE FOR THAT

MATTER.

THE SERENDIPITOUS NH2 2014 FLYBY OFFERS DIFFERENT

LIGHTING, INSOLATION, & MAGNETOSPHERIC

GEOMETRY THAN VOYAGER 2.

WITH MAJOR INSTRUMENTATION CAPABILITIES THAT

VOYAGER DID NOT HAVE (SURFACE COMPOSITION

MAPPING, DUST PROFILING, ICE TEMPERATURE MAPPING).

Stern/10 June 2005

NH2 Chronology To Date (1 of 2)

Fall 2002: On recommendation of the NH1 Science Team (ST),Planetary Exploration Director Colleen Hartman is asked to include all5 Decadal Survey missions (not just the other 4) in the NF2 AO, soNH2 can be proposed as a dedicated KB mission. Request denied.Request made for study money. Request denied. Question : How dowe proceed within the system? Answer: There isn't any establishedmethod to request an NH2.

2003-2004: Internal, self-funded NH ST, APL, and SwRI-baseddiscussions and mission analysis/cost studies on doing an NH1 cloneto large KBOs in case NH-1 is lost or unable to meet the desired KBOobjectives.

Mid-2004: Stern briefs Pasadena outer planets strategy workshop onNH2 in plenary session and holds an open public workshop on Uranusflyby science: small room, but SRO (30_ attendees). PI Stern leadsletter to Dr. Weiler with 110+ signatures asking for NASA to find waysto fund more mid-sized OP missions.

Mid-Late 2004: LANL RTG fueling problems endanger KBO mission.NH1 science team votes to go to Congress for an NH2 study.

Stern/10 June 2005

NH2 Chronology To Date (2 of 2)

Fall 2004: NASA FY05 funding Bill passed (Omnibus appropriation):specifies the need for an NH2 study to KB, motivated in part by thepower problems of NH1. No dollar value is attached to thisstudy—whatsoever.

Early 2005: NASA HQ implements the NH2 study; NH team is notfunded, not part of the study, but some information requests weremade to APL. Griffin at APL eventually believes the GSFC study teamis looking for proprietary material at APL and refuses to answerrequests (e.g., for IEM drawings).

Early 2005: NH science team at OPAG to brief the concept. First OPAGmeeting: 3 of 5 break-out teams recommend NH2 to the KB or aUranus flyby mission at equinox.

Early 2005: NH2 ST votes in Exec Session to have the science teamslots re-competed if NH2 is funded in order to remove any apparentconflict of interest charge.

Stern/10 June 2005

Toward a Better Future

Other than NH and Juno,No Planned Outer PlanetsMission Will Reach TheirTargets Until After 2020.

NH2 can Reach Uranus by2014-2015, and A LargeKBO by 2019-2020.

NH2 is an immediateopportunity to add depth toouter planets explorationby appealing for a time-critical mission ofopportunity.

Stern/10 June 2005

2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018 2020 2022 2024 2026 2028 2030

NH INH I

NH IINH II BIGKBO 3/19/08 8/12/09 10/7/15

7/14/15 1/11/06 2/26/07

New Horizons 1 and 2:What a Combination

KBO

Possible 45 kmKBO?

URANUS

PLUTO-CHARON

KBO?

Stern/10 June 2005

BACKUP CHARTS

Stern/10 June 2005

Decadal Survey Chair Mike Beltonon NH2

Date: Sat, 4 Jun 2005 17:59:09 -0700From: Michael belton <mbelton@dakotacom.net>To: bagenal@colorado.edu, jmoore@mail.arc.nasa.gov, 'Alan Stern-- SwRI/Boulder' <alan@boulder.swri.edu>Subject: RE: New Horizons 2 and OPAG Next Week

Dear Fran:

I have read Alan Stern's letter about New Frontiers 2 and I have the following opinion of it:

First there is no question in my mind that a competent mission to one or several KP objects remainsat the highest level in science priorities for outer solar system missions at the current time. This is consistentwith the recent NRC report on New Frontiers. Because of the technical problems that NH 1 faced I believethat NF 2 is of the highest priority to fly.

The question of the methods that Stern has used to make this opportunity an apparent reality are, I believe,questionable to many. However, because of the recent dislocations in space policy at the highest levels (Thepresident's vision) and because of the recent dislocation of policy implementation at NASA Hdqts (theindecision and arbitrariness of the Discovery fiasco for example) and because of what I see as indecisiveness(at best lack of communication) in current community leadership - I now think that entrepreneurs, such asStern, are our best chance of success under current conditions. Therefore I support his attempts (and anyother similar attempts by others, e.g. Schweikart and his B612 effort) to make NH 2 a reality withoutreservation.

Let's hope he wins.Mike B

Stern/10 June 2005

BY PROVIDING A BACKUP TO NH1, NH2 WILL BETTER IINSURE SUCCESS FOR THE DECADAL SURVEY’S HIGHEST

PRIORITY NEW FRONTIERS OBJECTIVE: KB SCIENCE

SPACECRAFT PAIRS ARE A WELL ESTABLISHED WAY TOIMPROVE BOTH THE LIKELIHOOD OF MISSION SUCCESS,

AND OVERALL MISSION SCIENCE RETURN.

PARTICULARLY FOR LONG, CHALLENGING MISSIONS.

NOTABLE MISSION SAVES INCLUDE MARINERS 2, 4, 9(when Mariners 1, 3, and 8, each failed)…

STRIKING AND VALUABLE DUAL SUCCESSES OCCURREDFOR VIKINGS I & II, VOYAGERS I & II, AND MERs A & B.

Stern/10 June 2005

NH2 Time Criticallity

An NH2 New Start is Time Critical Because:

The Uranus at Equinox Flyby LaunchWindow Closes in Early 2009.

Building an NH-1 Clone is Only Possible ifIt Directly Follows on NH1– Not YearsLater.

No Existing AO for New Frontiers isAvailable to Propose to.

Discovery Does Not Allow RTG Missions.

What Can We Do?

Stern/10 June 2005

NH Instrument Payload

LORRI

PEPSSI

SWAP

RALPH

ALICE

Student DustCounter

CORE: REX Uplink radio science & passive radiometry RALPH VIS/IR imaging & spectroscopy ALICE UV imaging spectroscopy

Supplemental: LORRI High-resolution imager SWAP plasma spectrometer PEPSSI energetic particle spectrometer SDC EPO Student Dust Counter

Stern/10 June 2005

New HorizonsPayload Characteristics

0.10 meters2 active area, Threshold Mass ~10-12 gm

In Situ Dust CounterSDC

Ions: 1-5000 KeV Electrons: 20-700 KeV

In Situ ParticleSpectrometer

PEPSSI

Solar wind ions up to 6.5 KeVIn Situ PlasmaSpectrometer

SWAP

Panchromatic CCD imagery (5 μradresolution)

Hi-Res ImagerLORRI

Atmosphere P,T to: 0.1μbar, 1 K Surface Temp to 0.3 K

Radio Science,Radiometery

REX

λλ=520-1870 Å, 3 Å resolution, airglow& occultation capabilities

UV ImagingSpectrometer

Alice

Panchromatic & 4-color CCD imagery(20 μrad resolution); 1.25-2.50 μm IR imaging spectroscopy(62 μrad, R=300-600).

Imager/ImagingSpectrometer

Ralph

CharacteristicsType

Stern/10 June 2005

Example New Horizons 2Uranus Flyby

Uranus 2014 Flyby Geometry to 1999 TC36

Ring-Epsilon (outermost)Radius: 2.006 RuWidth: 20-96 km

Ring-6 (innermost)Radius: 1.637 RuWidth: ∼1.5 km

Ring-Beta Radius: 1.786 RuWidth: 5-11 km

C/A at Uranusrange: 2.26 RuLatitude: 43.9 NSpeed: 17.8 km/s

Uranus

Equator

North Pole

New Horizons 2 Trajectory

Range at Equator: 2.81 Ru

Sun

NH II Uranus Flyby geometry generated from integrated trajectory

Stern/10 June 2005

NH Development Status

Concept Proposal Phase – Jan-Apr 2001 Phase A Study – Jun-Oct 2001 Selection – Nov 2001 Phase B Start – Jan 2002 Requirements Review (SRR) – May 2002 Prelim Design Review (PDR) – Oct 2002 Non-Advocate Review (NAR) – Dec 2002 Phase C/D Start (ATP) – Apr 2003 Critical Design Review (CDR) – Oct 2003 Start Integration & Test – June 2004

Complete S/C Assembly/I&T – May 2005 Initiate Environmental Testing- May 2005

Thermal-Vac Testing – July 2005 Pre-Ship Review – September 2005 Launch Readiness Review – Dec 2005

Launch Window Opens– Jan-Feb 2006

New Horizons was selected by NASAafter open competition on 29 Nov2001.

New Horizons was funded andapproved to enter into full-scaledevelopment in March 2003.

New Horizons is now in Phase C/D; itis designated New Frontiers 1.

Stern/10 June 2005

The New Horizons Atlas V 551Launch Vehicle

Centaur InterstageAdapter (12.5 ft Dia)

CCB CylindricalInterstage Adapter

RD-180 Engine Common CoreBoosterTM (CCB)

SingleRL10 Engine

CentaurUpperStage

5-meter Short PayloadFairing (68 ft)

Solid RocketBoosters

Aft TransitionSkirt/Heat Shield

5-MeterPayload FairingBoattail

CentaurAft StubAdapter

Centaur ForwardLoad Reactor

PayloadAdapter (PLA)

Centaur ConicalInterstage Adapter

Stern/10 June 2005

Numerous Mission Scenarios Found. Many Also AllowUranus Flybys En Route, But Only Until 2009: Then

Uranus Moves Out of Position With Jupiter

New Horizons 2Other Example Mission Designs

Stern/10 June 2005

NH2 Cost Will Be Low

In 2004, the New Horizons MissionTeam Conducted a Feasibility Study forNH2.

Achieving a Large Savings for NH2 overNH1 Depends Critically on Building aSpacecraft Clone: Zero Changes

Making These Assumptions, NH2 Looksto be Feasible for $450M-$500M (full

mission cost; ~$355M to launch).

Stern/10 June 2005

NH2 COST ESTIMATE

NH1 Cost (Full Mission): +$696M (Through Data Return)Offset for Smaller Atlas: -$040M (Could be Better)Delete All Design Phase: -$157M (FY02-03)Delete Built Items1: -$012MIncreased Flight Time2: +$015M (20092021 vs. 20062015)---------------------------------------------Net $472M

Note: Inflation not modeled, nor were offsets due to existing spares,existing procedures, etc., economy of scale in mission ops, etc.These probably offset the need for most of a conventional reservespool.

1 FSW, Ground Simulators, Autonomy, Gnd System. Does not include ANY spares usage.

Stern/10 June 2005

New Horizons 2 Highest priority recommendation of OPAG primitive bodies panel

NH1 + NH2 fulfills Decadal Survey objective to sample diversity ofKBOs.

Mission to KBOs “remains at the highest level in science priorities forouter solar system missions” (Belton email to Bagenal).

Implementation of NH2 requires innovative approach: NASA denied request to include NH2 for consideration in last New

Frontiers round; no avenue available to pursue within NASAframework.

Launch in 2007-2009 window presents unique “Uranus at equinox”opportunity.

Planetary community support expressed to Congress couldprovide a wedge that opens new line of NF-class missions for outerplanets w/o stealing from other NASA programs.

OPAG Primitive Bodies Panel

Stern/10 June 2005

NEW HORIZONS 2

New Horizons 2: A Journey to New Frontiers