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This study was undertaken in the context of the Tsunami of 26 December 2004 which was a grim reminder of the need to ensure the protection of coastal and island ecosystems and its people. The first section of this Study contextualises the impact of the Tsunami by describing the role and function of coastal and marine ecosystems in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and the impacts of human activities. Detailed information is provided on ecologically important areas such as the Gulf of Mannar, Pulicat Lake and Vedarnyam. The second section examines Coastal Tourism in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and Tourism Plans post Tsunami. The third section lists the loss to human life and property for districts and specific sites. The fourth section examines the implementation of legal and policy framework for coastal conservation and regulation in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry and the final section offers specific recommendations that emerge from the study.Publisher: Equitable Tourism Options (EQUATIONS)Contact: [email protected], +91.80.25457607Visit: www.equitabletourism.org, www.equitabletourism.org/stage/readfull.php?AID=650Keywords: Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry, Tourism, Ecosystems, Tsunami, India, Coastal Regulation Zone Notification, CRZ Coastal Area Assessment, EQUATIONS
Citation preview
TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRYCOASTAL AREA ASSESSMENT
A POST TSUNAMI STUDY ON COASTAL CONSERVATION AND REGULATION
EQUATIONS
INDIA
Citation
Core Research Team
Extended Consultative Team
address
TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
PART 1 - INTRODUCTION
PART 2 - DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AND IMPACTS
PART 3 - COASTAL TOURISM IN TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRY
PART 4 - OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE TSUNAMI ON THETAMIL NADU COAST
RECOMMENDATIONS
ANNEXURES
BIBLIOGRAPHY
PLATES
Context of the study
Objectives of the study
Short-term objectives
Long-term objectives
Activities & Report
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Recommendations
List of abbreviations
part 1
INTRODUCTION1.1. The Milieu 1.2. The Tsunami and its
Aftermath
Figure 1 : path of tsunami on time scale & magnitude of impact
1.3. Methods
1.4. LIMITATIONS
1.5. The Study Area
Figure 2: Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
Pondicherry
part 2
DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES AND IMPACTS
2.1. Thiruvallur
2.2. Chennai
Box 1The Manali Industrial Area
2.3. Kancheepuram
2.4. Villupuram
2.5. Pondicherry and Karaikal
2.6. Cuddalore
2.7. Nagapattinam
Box 2Sand Dunes of South Poigainallur (PRAXIS, 2005)
2.8. Thiruvarur
Box 3
2.9. Tanjavur
2.10. Pudukottai
2.11. Ramanathapuram
Box 4The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project
2.12. Thoothukudi 2.13. Tirunelveli and Kanyakumari
Table 1Summary of developmental activities in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
NO DISTRICT PLACE PREVALENT ACTIVITIES
Figure 3: Summary of tsunami impacts & developmental activities in Tamil Nadu & Pondicherry
__ __ __ _ _____ _ _
____ ___ __
Name of District Population Affected
part 3
COASTAL TOURISM IN TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRY
3.1. Status of Tourism along the coast of Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry
3.1.1. Pulicat Lake
3.1.2. Chennai
3.1.3. Kancheepuram
3.1.4. Pondicherry
3.1.5. Cuddalore
3.1.6. Nagapattinam
3.1.7. Thiruvarur
3.1.8. Ramanathpuram
3.1.9. Thoothukudi
3.1.10. Kanyakumari 3.2. Tourism Plans of Tamil Nadu post Tsunami
Table 2Post tsunami tourism development plans of Department of Tourism - Tamil
Nadu for the period commencing 2005-06
Sl . Scheme Areas Cost(Rs in lakhs)
3.2.1. Government of India Assisted Schemes
3.2.2. Integrated development of Tourism Circuits - Development of Vivekananda Travel Circuit (Ramanathapuram and Kanyakumari)
3.2.3. Beach tourism
3.2.4. Development of the Ecotourism Circuit
3.2.5. Analysis & recommendations
part 4
OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF THE TSUNAMI ON THE TAMIL NADU COAST
Table 3District wise summary of the population and area affected by
the tsunami in Tamil Nadu
Name of District
Total Population
Population Density
Population Affected
Population Affected (%)
Degree of Casuality (Ratio of
Population Impacted: Lives Lost)
Total Length
of Coast
Table 4District wise summary of the population and area affected by the tsunami
in Pondicherry
Name of District
Total Population
Population Density
Population Affected
Population Affected (%)
Degree of Casuality (Ratio of
Population Impacted: Lives Lost)
Total Length
of Coast
Box 5Coral Reefs to the Rescue
4.1. Thiruvallur
4.2. Chennai
4.3. Kancheepuram
4.4. Villupuram
4.5. Pondicherry and Karaikal
4.6. Cuddalore
4.7. Nagapattinam 4.8.Thiruvarur
4.9.Tanjavur
4.10. Pudukottai
4.11. Ramanathapuram
4.12. Thoothukudi
4.13. Tirunelveli
4.14. Kanyakumari
4.15. Post Tsunami Reconstruction Activities: Ecological Impacts On The Coast
part 5
IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL & POLICY FRAMEWORK FOR COASTAL CONSERVATION & REGULATION IN TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRY
5.1. The Coastal Regulation Zone Notification – The Potential to Protect Coastal Habitats & Coastal Communities
5.2. CRZ Notification, 1991 – Salient Features
5.3.Implementing Agencies
Table 5Roles of agencies and institutions with respect to coastal regulation
Agency/Institution
Role
5.4. Dilutions
A CHRONOLOGY of AMENDMENTS & EVENTS19 RELATED TO THE CRZ NOTIFICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF TAMIL NADU & PONDICHERRY
Date of amendment/order/event & legal clauses
Details / comments / features
Date of amendment/order/event & legal clauses
Details / comments / features
Date of amendment/order/event & legal clauses
Details / comments / features
Date of amendment/order/event & legal clauses
Details / comments / features
Date of amendment/order/event & legal clauses
Details / comments / features
KEY FINDINGS & RECOMMENDATIONS
annexure 1
FACTUAL INFORMATION SUPPLEMENT TAMIL NADU
annexure 2
THE DYNAMIC NATURE OF COASTAL ECOSYSTEMS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS
2.1. Ecologically important coastal areas of Tamil Nadu47
Table 6Ecologically important areas in Tamil Nadu
District Site Ecological Importance Area (km2)
Salt Marsh(km) Mud Flat (km) Saltpan (km) Lake (km)
26.80 0.356 0.257 252.040
Table 7Area extent of various wetland classes in Pulicat area
Table 8Aerial extent of mangrove and other wetland classes in Pichavaram
Mangrove(km) Mangrove with Scrub(km) Tidal Flat(km)
8.79 1.821.44
Table 9Different wetland categories and their extent in Vedaranyam
Mangrove (km)
Reserved Forest (km)
Salt Marsh (km2)
Tidal Flat(km)
Saltpan (km)
24.53 19.58 24.53 97.9534.70
Table 10Area under coral reefs in the Gulf of Mannar
Name of the Island
Coral Reef Area (km)
Live Coral Cover (%)
2.2. Ecological Profile of Pondicherry
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Internet Resources
plates
Plate 1
Plate 2
Plate 3
Plate 4
Plate 5
Plate 6
Plate 7
Plate 8
Plate 9
Plate 10
Plate 11
Plate 12
Plate 13
Plate 14
Plate 15
Plate 16
Plate 17
Plate 18
Plate 19
Plate 20
Plate 21
Plate 22
Plate 23
Plate 24