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Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for Clean Air Alan Jones Tennessee Department of Transportation

Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

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Page 1: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Talking Freight PresentationMarch 21, 2012

Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning

Agenda

Rebecca Watts HullMothers & Others

for Clean Air

Alan JonesTennessee Department of

Transportation

Page 2: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Movement & Air Quality

SEDC and the Freight Mobility Committee

Diesel Emissions & Nonattainment

Diesel Emissions & Public Health

Freight Movement "Hotspots"

Reducing Emissions from Freight

Page 3: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

SEDC & Freight Planning Committee

• Southeast Diesel Collaborative (SEDC): A voluntary, public-private partnership of leaders from federal, state and local government, the private sector and other stakeholders working together to reduce diesel emissions. 

• SEDC is part of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s National Clean Diesel Campaign.

• SEDC Freight Planning Committee:

Formed in 2010 to identify and pursue strategies for integrating air quality and exposure reduction into freight planning

Spurred by anticipated increase in goods movements in the region due to projected freight growth & Panama Canal expansion

Page 4: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Diesel Emissions & Nonattainment

The Southeast ContextMany counties in Southeast nonattainment for PM 2.5 and/or ozoneNew designations coming for 1997 ozone standardMore stringent ozone standard likely in a few years (70 ppb or less)Two factors will increase freight-related emissions

• Projected growth in national freight volumeo Studies estimate over 2% a year

• Increased freight volume in SE region due to Panama Canal expansion

“Legacy” fleet of 20 million diesel enginesCompanies delaying truck replacementFleet turnover to cleaner engines will take years

Page 5: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Diesel Emissions & Public Health

Nationally, diesel exhaust poses a cancer risk that is 3 times higher than the risk from the 181 air toxics tracked by EPA combined. (CATF)

Source: Clean Air Task Force, Diesel and Health in America: The Lingering Threat, 2006

Diesel soot particle

Page 6: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Diesel Emissions & Public Health

Fine Particulate Matter: Complex mixture of extremely small particles and liquid droplets

Ultra-Fine Particulate Matter: Even smallerNot yet regulated but may be even more dangerous

PM2.5

(2.5 µm)PM10

(10µm)

Human hair cross section (70 µm)

M. Lipsett, California Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment

Diesel exhaust is a major source of fine and ultrafine PM

Page 7: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Diesel Emissions & Public Health

• Increased rates of asthma• Reduced lung function

growth• More ER visits and higher mortality for people

with asthma• Emphysema, bronchitis,

pneumonia, sinusitis

Respiratory Disease

• Nervous system impairment• Stroke• Increased circulatory and

cardiovascular risk for diabetics

Additional RisksHeart

Disease

Cancers• Lung cancer

• Bladder cancer

In Utero• Slowed fetal growth• DNA damage• Infant mortality

Page 8: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Diesel Emissions & Public Health

Who is affected?• Children & seniors• People with respiratory and cardiac illnesses• People living, working or commuting near

“hotspots”– Highways and busy intersections– Rail yards, airports, marine ports, bus

terminals– Commuters (bus and diesel train riders,

pedestrians, cyclists and car passengers)

Page 9: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Who is affected?

Goods movement (rail and truck) is not evenly distributed

Page 10: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Who is affected?Health risks from diesel soot are closely associated with goods movement

Courtesy of Clean Air Task ForceDiesel Health Risk

Lowest Impact     Highest Impact

Page 11: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight movement "Hotspots"

Ports and distribution

centers

Page 12: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight movement "Hotspots"

FreightCorridors

Page 13: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight movement "Hotspots"

Freight corridors may pass very close to schools, senior centers,

businesses--

One-third of U.S. public schools are located close enough to major roadways for exposure to air pollution to be a concern. How many of these “major roadways” are freight corridors?

Appatova, Alexandra S., Ryan, P. H., LeMasters, G. K., Grinshpun, S. A., 2008. Proximal exposure of public schools and students to major roadways: a nationwide US survey. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 51 (5), 631-646.

Page 14: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Movement "Hotspots"

Distribution Centers

Rail yards

Urban FreightCenters

Page 15: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight movement "Hotspots"

How Close is Too Close (to roadway diesel emissions)? Health Effects Institute: <500 meters (1640 feet) CHPAC: Screen ½ mile; exclude site if closer

than 1,000 feet California law: Schools cannot be built < 500 feet from busy

roadway/highway

Image courtesy of Clean Air Task Force

Page 16: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Planning AQ Solutions: Big Picture

Air quality as part of freight planning at every level

Make air quality improvement a major goal of all freight planning efforts

Transportation agencies’ goal of reducing congestion is complementary to the goal of reducing diesel emissions

Identify opportunities during freight planning for air quality improvements

Emphasize strategies that address freight bottlenecks and heavily traveled corridors

Elevate the funding priority of projects that address bottlenecks

Page 17: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Planning Air Quality Solutions

Examples: Staying Ahead of Capacity to Reduce Bottlenecks; encouraging mode shift

Georgia Ports AuthorityInvesting $36 million in rail infrastructure expansion

Miami-Dade County, USDOT, FDOT & FEC Investing $49 million in Freight/Rail Restoration: avoiding 34 million gallons of fuel over next 20 years

Page 18: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Planning AQ Solutions: Big Picture

Green Corridors Green corridors an SEDC (regional) priority

Help establish green infrastructure along interstate corridors to reduce environmental impacts

Establish biofuel infrastructure to increase biofuel availability (e.g., B20 biodiesel blend)

Provide incentives for truck stop electrification and auxiliary power units to reduce extended idling

Electric vehicle charging infrastructure

Page 19: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Planning AQ Solutions: State/MPO

Areas where people live and work: Inhabitants of buildings located closer than 300 m to the edge of the road may be exposed to roadway exhaust.

Pedestrian traffic volume: Reducing truck traffic in areas with heavy pedestrian use can alleviate safety concerns as well as air pollution exposures.

Commuter traffic volume: Avoiding heavy commuter routes or encouraging off-peak use of the highways & interstates can reduce congestion and also diesel exhaust exposures for car passengers (some cities have designated car-only roads).

Integrating AQ Considerations into Planning•MPOS and state freight plans should take into consideration the following, when developing freight routes and plans:

Page 20: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Freight Planning Air Quality Solutions

Communities with a high proportion of young children, seniors, or a combination of the two, should receive special consideration.

Roadways with schools and day care facilities located in close proximity to traffic are not good options for freight corridors.

Page 21: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Reducing Local Exposures Miami-Dade County example: Density of senior citizens was

considered in prioritizing waste hauler retrofits

>10,000

5-10K

5-10K

>10,000

Page 22: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Reducing Exposures: Mitigation

Roadway configuration affects downwind exposures

Vegetative barriers may reduce fine and ultrafine PM exposures

Strategic location of air intakes and the use of filtration devices on buildings can reduce exposure to occupants living near heavy freight corridors

If there are no good alternatives for redirecting a freight route, in some cases exposures can be mitigated.

Page 23: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Improving Air Quality: Opportunities

Survey state, local and regional transportation agencies for existing studies identifying trucking patterns and needs

Identify strategic locations for truck parking facilities and seek competitive funding opportunities as a region

Develop comprehensive recommendations to include in all MPO and state freight mobility plans

Improve integration of MPO, state and regional planning

Continue federal funding to speed up emission reductions through retrofit projects

Partner with communities disproportionately affected to problem-solve local challenges

Page 24: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Improving Air Quality: Opportunities

Develop virtual freight networks as part of ITS and Transportation System Management and Operations• Establish software application to provide “load matching”

for shippers and truckers to alleviate “deadheading” of empty trucks

Establish performance measures (e.g., VMT reduction) and emissions reductions monitoring

Support clustering of distribution center facilities to support more rail/intermodal use and economic development• Zoning laws and incentives• Innovative strategies such as off-peak delivery

schemes or ship to rail projects that eliminate need for drayage truck operations

Page 25: Talking Freight Presentation March 21, 2012 Freight Movement & Air Quality: Extending the Freight Planning Agenda Rebecca Watts Hull Mothers & Others for

Contact Information

Thank you for your interest and attention!

Rebecca Watts HullMothers & Others for Clean [email protected]

Alan JonesTennessee Department of TransportationLong Range Planning [email protected]