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Controls what enters and leaves
makes proteins
packages proteins
provides energy : site of cellular respiration, conversion of food energy into usable energy (ATP)
Transport system
Breaks down old cell parts
Cell Part Function Cell membrane Controls what enters and leaves the cell
Nuclear membrane Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus
Nucleus Control center of the cell
Chromosomes Genetic information in the nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum Transport system in cell
Ribosome Organelle makes proteins
Golgi Body Organelle packages proteins
Vacuole Stores water and/or waste
Lysosome Breaks down old cell parts
Mitochondria Organelle for cellular respiration – provides energy
Practice Question
Which of these is a characteristic of body cells that require large amounts of energy?
A They have a large number of mitochondria.B They have a supplementary Y
chromosome.C They have a two-layer membrane.D They have a storage area for albumin
proteins.
A
Cellular Energy
Photosynthesis Cellular RespirationConverts sunlight energy into high energy sugars
Converts high energy sugars into usable energy
(in the form of ATP)
Takes place in the chloroplast
Takes place in the cytoplasm and mitochondria
Occurs mainly in plants and some bacteria
Occurs in all organisms
6O2 + C6H12O6 6CO2 + 6H2O + EnergyEnergy
oxygen + glucose carbon dioxide + water + ATPATP
6CO2 + 6H2O + EnergyEnergy 6O2 + C6H12O6
carbon dioxide + water + sunlightsunlight oxygen + glucose
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
A little energy released
Oxygen No oxygen
Cellular Respiration
LOTS of energy
released
Fermentation
High Energy Sugars
Aerobic AnAerobic
Energy conversion within an animal cell would be severely limited by removal of the cell’s —
A mitochondria
B chloroplasts
C plastids
D lysosomes
Practice Question
A
Which molecule provides most of the energy used to drive chemical reactions in cells?
F DNA
G RNA
H ATP
J ADP
Practice Question
H
Transport across the membrane
Purpose: to move nutrients and wastes in and out of the cell and maintain… Homeostasis
The lipid bilayer is selectively permeable; only small, nonpolar molecules can pass. Other molecules need carrier
or channel proteins.
Cell Membrane Structure
•Concentration is a measurement of the amount of solute (in grams) compared to the volume of the solution (in liters)
•Grams per liter or g/L
•Concentrations change as particles and/or water move into or out of the cell
Movement can be passive or active.
PASSIVE ACTIVE
NO energy required Needs energy
Simple diffusion
Facilitated
diffusion
Osmosis
Endocytosis Pinocytosis
Phagocytosis
Exocytosis
Diffusion vs. Osmosis
• Diffusion is the movement of PARTICLES from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration
• Osmosis is the movement of WATER from areas of low solute concentration to areas of high solute concentration; water moves because the particles can’t
Salt is a solute. When it is concentrated inside or outside the cell, it will draw the water in its direction. This is why you get thirsty after eating something salty.
Simple Rule to remember:
SALT SUCKS
What is Active Transport?
Energy is used to move selected molecules into a cell, even if they are at a low concentration.
Saltwater fish remove extra salt from their body by active transport through the gills. What is the result of this activity?
A The salt becomes more chemically active.B Water balance is maintained in the blood.C The rate of energy production is
decreased.D The cell membrane becomes less
permeable to water.
Practice Question
B
When a sea urchin egg is removed from the ocean and placed in freshwater, the egg swells and bursts. Which of these causes water to enter the egg?
A CoagulationB Sodium pumpC Active transportD Osmosis
Practice Question
D
Practice Question
On a hot summer day, a road-crew worker perspires and then feels thirsty as her body temperature increases. This response is an example of-A. releasing enzymes
B. decreasing respiration
C. assimilating proteins
D. maintaining homeostasis
D